Faculty Profiles - KAMIOKA Hiroshi

Papers - KAMIOKA Hiroshi

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Gap-junction-mediated Communication in Human Periodontal Ligament Cells Reviewed

R. Kato, Y. Ishihara, N. Kawanabe, K. Sumiyoshi, Y. Yoshikawa, M. Nakamura, Y. Imai, T. Yanagita, H. Fukushima, H. Kamioka, T. Takano-Yamamoto, T. Yamashiro

JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH 92 ( 7 ) 635 - 640 2013.7

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC

Periodontal tissue homeostasis depends on a complex cellular network that conveys cell-cell communication. Gap junctions (GJs), one of the intercellular communication systems, are found between adjacent human periodontal ligament (hPDL) cells; however, the functional GJ coupling between hPDL cells has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we investigated functional gap-junction-mediated intercellular communication in isolated primary hPDL cells. SEM images indicated that the cells were in contact with each other via dendritic processes, and also showed high anti-connexin43 (Cx43) immunoreactivity on these processes. Gap-junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) among hPDL cells was assessed by fluorescence recovery after a photobleaching (FRAP) analysis, which exhibited dye coupling between hPDL cells, and was remarkably down-regulated when the cells were treated with a GJ blocker. Additionally, we examined GJs under hypoxic stress. The fluorescence recovery and expression levels of Cx43 decreased time-dependently under the hypoxic condition. Exposure to GJ inhibitor or hypoxia increased RANKL expression, and decreased OPG expression. This study shows that GJIC is responsible for hPDL cells and that its activity is reduced under hypoxia. This is consistent with the possible role of hPDL cells in regulating the biochemical reactions in response to changes in the hypoxic environment.

DOI： 10.1177/0022034513489992

Assessing anteroposterior basal bone discrepancy with the Dental Aesthetic Index Reviewed

Boyen Huang, Katsu Takahashi, Toru Yamazaki, Kazuyuki Saito, Masashi Yamori, Keita Asai, Yusuke Yoshikawa, Hiroshi Kamioka, Takashi Yamashiro, Kazuhisa Bessho

ANGLE ORTHODONTIST 83 ( 3 ) 527 - 532 2013.5

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：E H ANGLE EDUCATION RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC

Objective: To investigate dental appearance and cephalometric features, using a sample of orthognathic and/or orthodontic patients. A special interest was to identify the relationship of the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) with anteroposterior basal bone discrepancy (APBBD) and cephalometric indicators.
Materials and Methods: A full sample of 159 patients in two Japanese hospitals was used. Each patient was assessed with a preorthodontic dental cast and cephalometric radiography.
Results: Malocclusion with APBBD was more prevalent among high DAI subjects (P = .034, OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.00-1.08), Class III malocclusion patients (P = .048, OR = 2.32, 95% CI: 1.01-5.34) and male patients (P = .008, OR = 2.96, 95% CI: 1.33-6.61). Participants scoring 88 points (the highest score in this sample) of the DAI had 16.84 times the risk of APBBD of those who scored 17 points (the lowest score in this sample). Patients with APBBD presented with a greater adjusted ANB angle (t = -8.10, P < .001) and a larger adjusted A-B/NF appraisal (t = -9.65, P < .001). The SNA angle (P < .001), the SNB angle (P = .002), the adjusted ANB angle (P = .001), and the adjusted A-B/NF appraisal (P = .035) were associated with DAI scores in cubic regression models.
Conclusion: This study has demonstrated a relationship between the DAI and APBBD. Feasibility of using the adjusted ANB angle and the adjusted A-B/NF appraisal to assess severity of APBBD has been confirmed. The DAI may provide a supportive method to evaluate orthognathic needs. Future investigations are indicated.

DOI： 10.2319/050312-369.1

Severe open bite due to traumatic condylar fractures treated nonsurgically with implanted miniscrew anchorage Reviewed

Takeshi Yanagita, Rie Adachi, Hiroshi Kamioka, Takashi Yamashiro

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHODONTICS AND DENTOFACIAL ORTHOPEDICS 143 ( 4 ) S137 - S147 2013.4

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：MOSBY-ELSEVIER

This case report illustrates the use of miniscrews to treat a patient with an open bite caused by mandibular condylar fractures. The patient was 36 years old when she visited our hospital with a chief complaint of difficulty with chewing. She had suffered condylar and maxillary bone fractures in a traffic accident 6 months before her visit. She had an anterior open bite and Angle Class II molar relationships. Her mandibular midline was deviated to the right relative to the maxilla. The cephalometric analysis showed a skeletal Class II relationship. Titanium miniscrews were implanted in the bilateral maxillary buccal areas. The maxillary dentition was retracted and intruded by using elastomeric chains and miniscrews. After this treatment, an Angle Class I molar relationship was achieved, her overjet and overbite became ideal, and a good facial appearance was obtained. The total active orthodontic treatment period was 33 months. Treating an open bite with molar intrusion often leads to counter-clockwise rotation of the mandible; however, in this patient, the mandible was moved anteriorly and upward. We believe that this movement was caused by the patient's condylar fractures and the subsequent remodeling. Although there was some relapse, our results suggest that implant anchorage is useful for correcting anterior open bites originating from condylar fractures. (Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2013;143:S137-47)

DOI： 10.1016/j.ajodo.2012.04.024

Ex vivo real-time observation of Ca(2+) signaling in living bone in response to shear stress applied on the bone surface. Reviewed International journal

Yoshihito Ishihara, Yasuyo Sugawara, Hiroshi Kamioka, Noriaki Kawanabe, Satoru Hayano, Tarek A Balam, Keiji Naruse, Takashi Yamashiro

Bone 53 ( 1 ) 204 - 15 2013.3

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC

Bone cells respond to mechanical stimuli by producing a variety of biological signals, and one of the earliest events is intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) mobilization. Our recently developed ex vivo live [Ca(2+)](i) imaging system revealed that bone cells in intact bone explants showed autonomous [Ca(2+)](i) oscillations, and osteocytes specifically modulated these oscillations through gap junctions. However, the behavior and connectivity of the [Ca(2+)](i) signaling networks in mechanotransduction have not been investigated in intact bone. We herein introduce a novel fluid-flow platform for probing cellular signaling networks in live intact bone, which allows the application of capillary-driven flow just on the bone explant surface while performing real-time fluorogenic monitoring of the [Ca(2+)](i) changes. In response to the flow, the percentage of responsive cells was increased in both osteoblasts and osteocytes, together with upregulation of c-fos expression in the explants. However, enhancement of the peak relative fluorescence intensity was not evident. Treatment with 18 α-GA, a reversible inhibitor of gap junction, significantly blocked the [Ca(2+)](i) responsiveness in osteocytes without exerting any major effect in osteoblasts. On the contrary, such treatment significantly decreased the flow-activated oscillatory response frequency in both osteoblasts and osteocytes. The stretch-activated membrane channel, when blocked by Gd(3+), is less affected in the flow-induced [Ca(2+)](i) response. These findings indicated that flow-induced mechanical stimuli accompanied the activation of the autonomous [Ca(2+)](i) oscillations in both osteoblasts and osteocytes via gap junction-mediated cell-cell communication and hemichannel. Although how the bone sense the mechanical stimuli in vivo still needs to be elucidated, the present study suggests that cell-cell signaling via augmented gap junction and hemichannel-mediated [Ca(2+)](i) mobilization could be involved as an early signaling event in mechanotransduction.

DOI： 10.1016/j.bone.2012.12.002

The early mouse 3D osteocyte network in the presence and absence of mechanical loading. Reviewed International journal

Yasuyo Sugawara, Hiroshi Kamioka, Yoshihito Ishihara, Naoko Fujisawa, Noriaki Kawanabe, Takashi Yamashiro

Bone 52 ( 1 ) 189 - 96 2013.1

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC

Osteocytes are considered to act as mechanosensory cells in bone. They form a functional synctia in which their processes become interconnected to constitute a three-dimensional (3D) network. Previous studies reported that in mice, the two-dimensional osteocyte network becomes progressively more regular as they grow, although the key factors governing the arrangement of the osteocyte network during bone growth remain unknown. In this study, we characterized the 3D formation of the osteocyte network during bone growth. Morphological skeletal changes have been reported to occur in response to mechanical loading and unloading. In order to evaluate the effect of mechanical unloading on osteocyte network formation, we subjected newborn mice to sciatic neurectomy in order to immobilize their left hind limb as an unloading model. The osteocyte network was visualized by staining osteocyte cell bodies and processes with fluorescently labeled phalloidin. First, we compared the osteocyte network in the femora of embryonic and 6-week-old mice in order to understand the morphological changes that occur with normal growth and mechanical loading. In embryonic mice, the osteocyte network in the femur cortical bone displayed a random cell body distribution, non-directional orientation of cell processes, and irregularly shaped cells. In 6-week-old mice, the 3D network contained spindle-shaped osteocytes, which were arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis of the femur. In addition, more and longer cell processes radiated from each osteocyte. Second, we compared the cortical osteocyte networks of 6-week-old mice that had or had not undergone sciatic neurectomy in order to evaluate the effect of unloading on osteocyte network formation. The osteocyte network formation in both cortical bone and cancellous bone was affected by mechanical loading. However, there were differences in the extent of network formation between cortical bone and cancellous bone in response to mechanical loading with regard to the orientation, nuclear shape and branch formation.

DOI： 10.1016/j.bone.2012.09.033

Other Link： http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4419-9643

岡山大学大学院歯科矯正学分野研究室における2008年から2012年の5年間の岡山大学の学生および職員に対する矯正相談の実態調査 Reviewed

菅原康代, 村上隆, 田川淳平, 星島光博, 柳田剛志, 石原嘉人, 片岡伴記, 伊藤慎将, 川邉紀章, 上岡寛, 山城隆

岡山歯学会雑誌 32 ( 2 ) 43 - 47 2013

Language：Japanese Publisher：岡山歯学会

2008〜2012年に岡山大学大学院歯科矯正学分野医局を訪れた岡山大学学生128名と職員11名の計139名(男性40名、女性99名)を対象に、矯正相談の実態について調査した。その結果、相談の契機は掲示されたポスターによる者が最も多く75名54%であった。学年別では1年生48名、2年生21名、3年生15名、4年生18名で、学部別では医学部保健学科と歯学部が最も多く各18名であった。主訴の最多は上顎前突34名(24.5%)で、次いで上顎の叢生27名(19.4%)であった。相談後に矯正を開始したのは学年別で最多は1年生で相談者のうち35名72.9%、全治療開始者の40.7%を占めた。以上より、矯正相談は、歯並びのコンプレックス等の解決や福利厚生として有効であることが示唆された。

Relationship between orthodontic expertise and perception of need for orthodontic treatment for mandibular protrusion in Japan Reviewed

Takashi Murakami, Akihito Fujii, Yuya Kawabata, Hiroaki Takakura, Rie Yamaue, Tarek Abdulsamad Ali Balam, Shingo Kuroda, Noriaki Kawanabe, Hiroshi Kamioka, Takashi Yamashiro

Acta Medica Okayama 67 ( 5 ) 277 - 283 2013

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

The aims of this study were to investigate how the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR index) predicts the perceived need for orthodontic treatment of mandibular protrusion in Japanese subjects, and to elucidate whether the perceived need for treatment was affected by the raters' orthodontic expertise. The subjects were 110 dental students and 32 orthodontists. We showed them casts of 10 untreated mandibular protrusion cases and gave them a questionnaire in which they had to describe their perceptions of the orthodontic treatment needs using a 10-point visual analog scale (VAS). The PAR index was used for cast evaluation. The PAR index scores showed significant correlations with the VAS scores. In casts with a low PAR score, there were no differences in the VAS scores between orthodontists and students. In casts with a PAR score greater than 23, the orthodontists perceived a significantly greater treatment need than did the students
for scores of 22, 28, and 29, students who had received orthodontic treatment themselves were more likely to perceive the treatment need. The PAR index is a good clinical predictor for assessing the perceived treatment needs for mandibular protrusion. Perception of the need for orthodontic treatment for mandibular protrusion depended on the degree of orthodontic expertise in Japanese subjects. © 2013 by Okayama University Medical School.

DOI： 10.18926/AMO/51863

Other Link： http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4419-9643

Promotion of Ccn2 expression and osteoblastic differentiation by actin polymerization, which is induced by laminar fluid flow stress

Tadashi Honjo, Satoshi Kubota, Hiroshi Kamioka, Yasuyo Sugawara, Yoshihito Ishihara, Takashi Yamashiro, Masaharu Takigawa, Teruko Takano-Yamamoto

JOURNAL OF CELL COMMUNICATION AND SIGNALING 6 ( 4 ) 225 - 232 2012.12

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：SPRINGER

Fluid flow stress (FSS) is a major mechanical stress that induces bone remodeling upon orthodontic tooth movement, whereas CCN family protein 2 (CCN2) is a potent regenerator of bone defects. In this study, we initially evaluated the effect of laminar FSS on Ccn2 expression and investigated its mechanism in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. The Ccn2 expression was drastically induced by uniform FSS in an intensity dependent manner. Of note, the observed effect was inhibited by a Rho kinase inhibitor Y27632. Moreover, the inhibition of actin polymerization blocked the FSS-induced activation of Ccn2, whereas inducing F-actin formation using cytochalasin D and jasplakinolide enhanced Ccn2 expression in the same cells. Finally, F-actin formation was found to induce osteoblastic differentiation. In addition, activation of cyclic AMP-dependent kinase, which inhibits Rho signaling, abolished the effect of FSS. Collectively, these findings indicate the critical role of actin polymerization and Rho signaling in CCN2 induction and bone remodeling provoked by FSS.

DOI： 10.1007/s12079-012-0177-z

Microscale fluid flow analysis in a human osteocyte canaliculus using a realistic high-resolution image-based three-dimensional model. Reviewed International journal

Hiroshi Kamioka, Yoshitaka Kameo, Yuichi Imai, Astrid D Bakker, Rommel G Bacabac, Naoko Yamada, Akio Takaoka, Takashi Yamashiro, Taiji Adachi, Jenneke Klein-Nulend

Integrative biology : quantitative biosciences from nano to macro 4 ( 10 ) 1198 - 206 2012.10

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY

Osteocytes play a pivotal role in the regulation of skeletal mass. Osteocyte processes are thought to sense the flow of interstitial fluid that is driven through the osteocyte canaliculi by mechanical stimuli placed upon bone, but how this flow elicits a cellular response is virtually unknown. Modern theoretical models assume that osteocyte canaliculi contain ultrastructural features that amplify the fluid flow-derived mechanical signal. Unfortunately the calcified bone matrix has considerably hampered studies on the osteocyte process within its canaliculus. Using one of the few ultra high voltage electron microscopes (UHVEM) available worldwide, we applied UHVEM tomography at 2 MeV to reconstruct unique three-dimensional images of osteocyte canaliculi in 1 μm sections of human bone. A realistic three-dimensional image-based model of a single canaliculus was constructed, and the fluid dynamics of a Newtonian fluid flow within the canaliculus was analyzed. We created virtual 2.2 nm thick sections through a canaliculus and found that traditional TEM techniques create a false impression that osteocyte processes are directly attached to the canalicular wall. The canalicular wall had a highly irregular surface and contained protruding axisymmetric structures similar in size and shape to collagen fibrils. We also found that the microscopic surface roughness of the canalicular wall strongly influenced the fluid flow profiles, whereby highly inhomogeneous flow patterns emerged. These inhomogeneous flow patterns may induce deformation of cytoskeletal elements in the osteocyte process, thereby amplifying mechanical signals. Based on these observations, new and realistic models can be developed that will significantly enhance our understanding of the process of mechanotransduction in bone.

DOI： 10.1039/c2ib20092a

Other Link： http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4419-9643

Increasing participation of sclerostin in postnatal bone development, revealed by three-dimensional immunofluorescence morphometry. Reviewed International journal

Takashi Watanabe, Yoshihiro Tamamura, Akiyoshi Hoshino, Yuji Makino, Hiroshi Kamioka, Teruo Amagasa, Akira Yamaguchi, Tadahiro Iimura

Bone 51 ( 3 ) 447 - 58 2012.9

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Confocal immunofluorescence tiling imaging revealed the spatio-temporal distributions of osterix and sclerostin in femurs from 3-day-old, 2-week-old and 4-week-old rats to be reciprocally exclusive at the tissue level. Further quantitative three-dimensional immuno fluorescence morphometry demonstrated the increasing distribution of sclerostin in the osteocytic lacuno-canalicular system specifically in diaphysis, which paralleled the cooperative participation and depletion of osterix and β-catenin in adjacent periosteum cells. Treating MC3T3-E1 cells with BIO (a GSK3 inhibitor) induced the stabilization of β-catenin and nuclear translocation of osterix, and negatively regulated osteocalcin/BGLAP and Dmp1. These results collectively demonstrate that the increasing distribution of sclerostin in diaphyseal cortical bone appears to be involved in the attenuation of osterix and β-catenin in adjacent periosteum cells, thus possibly contributing to osteoblast maturation and reducing the osteoblast formation at this bone site. Our confocal microscopy-based imaging analyses provide a comprehensive and detailed view of the spatio-temporal distribution of sclerostin, β-catenin and osterix at the tissue to subcellular level in a coherent manner, and uncovered their spatio-temporal cooperation in postnatal bone development, thus providing evidence that they link skeletogenic growth and functional bone development.

DOI： 10.1016/j.bone.2012.06.019

In situ imaging of the autonomous intracellular Ca(2+) oscillations of osteoblasts and osteocytes in bone. Reviewed International journal

Yoshihito Ishihara, Yasuyo Sugawara, Hiroshi Kamioka, Noriaki Kawanabe, Hiroshi Kurosaka, Keiji Naruse, Takashi Yamashiro

Bone 50 ( 4 ) 842 - 52 2012.4

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC

Bone cells form a complex three-dimensional network consisting of osteoblasts and osteocytes embedded in a mineralized extracellular matrix. Ca(2+) acts as a ubiquitous secondary messenger in various physiological cellular processes and transduces numerous signals to the cell interior and between cells. However, the intracellular Ca(2+) dynamics of bone cells have not been evaluated in living bone. In the present study, we developed a novel ex-vivo live Ca(2+) imaging system that allows the dynamic intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) responses of intact chick calvaria explants to be observed without damaging the bone network. Our live imaging analysis revealed for the first time that both osteoblasts and osteocytes display repetitive and autonomic [Ca(2+)](i) oscillations ex vivo. Thapsigargin, an inhibitor of the endoplasmic reticulum that induces the emptying of intracellular Ca(2+) stores, abolished these [Ca(2+)](i) responses in both osteoblasts and osteocytes, indicating that Ca(2+) release from intracellular stores plays a key role in the [Ca(2+)](i) oscillations of these bone cells in intact bone explants. Another possible [Ca(2+)](i) transient system to be considered is gap junctional communication through which Ca(2+) and other messenger molecules move, at least in part, across cell-cell junctions; therefore, we also investigated the role of gap junctions in the maintenance of the autonomic [Ca(2+)](i) oscillations observed in the intact bone. Treatment with three distinct gap junction inhibitors, 18α-glycyrrhetinic acid, oleamide, and octanol, significantly reduced the proportion of responsive osteocytes, indicating that gap junctions are important for the maintenance of [Ca(2+)](i) oscillations in osteocytes, but less in osteoblasts. Taken together, we found that the bone cells in intact bone explants showed autonomous [Ca(2+)](i) oscillations that required the release of intracellular Ca(2+) stores. In addition, osteocytes specifically modulated these oscillations via cell-cell communication through gap junctions, which maintains the observed [Ca(2+)](i) oscillations of bone cells.

DOI： 10.1016/j.bone.2012.01.021

Roles of Heparan Sulfate Sulfation in Dentinogenesis Reviewed

Satoru Hayano, Hiroshi Kurosaka, Takeshi Yanagita, Ina Kalus, Fabian Milz, Yoshihito Ishihara, Md. Nurul Islam, Noriaki Kawanabe, Masahiro Saito, Hiroshi Kamioka, Taiji Adachi, Thomas Dierks, Takashi Yamashiro

JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 287 ( 15 ) 12217 - 12229 2012.4

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC

Cell surface heparan sulfate (HS) is an essential regulator of cell signaling and development. HS traps signaling molecules, like Wnt in the glycosaminoglycan side chains of HS proteoglycans (HSPGs), and regulates their functions. Endosulfatases Sulf1 and Sulf2 are secreted at the cell surface to selectively remove 6-O-sulfate groups from HSPGs, thereby modifying the affinity of cell surface HSPGs for its ligands. This study provides molecular evidence for the functional roles of HSPG sulfation and desulfation in dentinogenesis. We show that odontogenic cells are highly sulfated on the cell surface and become desulfated during their differentiation to odontoblasts, which produce tooth dentin. Sulf1/Sulf2 double null mutant mice exhibit a thin dentin matrix and short roots combined with reduced expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein (Dspp) mRNA, encoding a dentin-specific extracellular matrix precursor protein, whereas single Sulf mutants do not show such defective phenotypes. In odontoblast cell lines, Dspp mRNA expression is potentiated by the activation of the Wnt canonical signaling pathway. In addition, pharmacological interference with HS sulfation promotes Dspp mRNA expression through activation of Wnt signaling. On the contrary, the silencing of Sulf suppresses the Wnt signaling pathway and subsequently Dspp mRNA expression. We also show that Wnt10a protein binds to cell surface HSPGs in odontoblasts, and interference with HS sulfation decreases the binding affinity of Wnt10a for HSPGs, which facilitates the binding of Wnt10a to its receptor and potentiates the Wnt signaling pathway, thereby up-regulating Dspp mRNA expression. These results demonstrate that Sulf-mediated desulfation of cellular HSPGs is an important modification that is critical for the activation of the Wnt signaling in odontoblasts and for production of the dentin matrix.

DOI： 10.1074/jbc.M111.332924

Stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 identifies human dental pulp stem cells Reviewed

Noriaki Kawanabe, Satoko Murata, Hiroaki Fukushima, Yoshihito Ishihara, Takeshi Yanagita, Emmy Yanagita, Mitsuaki Ono, Hiroshi Kurosaka, Hiroshi Kamioka, Tomoo Itoh, Takuo Kuboki, Takashi Yamashiro

EXPERIMENTAL CELL RESEARCH 318 ( 5 ) 453 - 463 2012.3

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER INC

Embryonic stem cell-associated antigens are expressed in a variety of adult stem cells as well as embryonic stem cells. In the present study, we investigated whether stage-specific embryonic antigen (SSEA)-4 can be used to isolate dental pulp (DP) stem cells. DP cells showed plastic adherence, specific surface antigen expression, and multipotent differentiation potential, similar to mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). SSEA-4+ cells were found in cultured DP cells in vitro as well as in DP tissue in vivo. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that 45.5% of the DP cells were SSEA-4+. When the DP cells were cultured in the presence of all-trans-retinoic acid, marked downregulation of SSEA-3 and SSEA-4 and the upregulation of SSEA-1 were observed. SSEA-4+ DP cells showed a greater telomere length and a higher growth rate compared to ungated and SSEA-4 - cells. A clonal assay demonstrated that 65.5% of the SSEA-4+ DP cells had osteogenic potential, and the SSEA-4+ clonal DP cells showed multilineage differentiation potential toward osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and neurons in vitro. In addition, the SSEA-4+ DP cells had the capacity to form ectopic bone in vivo. Thus, our results suggest that SSEA-4 is a specific cell surface antigen that can be used to identify DP stem cells. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.01.008

Patient with nonsyndromic bilateral and multiple impacted teeth and dentigerous cysts Reviewed

Yoshihito Ishihara, Hiroshi Kamioka, Teruko Takano-Yamamoto, Takashi Yamashiro

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 141 ( 2 ) 228 - 241 2012.2

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：MOSBY-ELSEVIER

This article reports the successful treatment of a patient with the unusual occurrence of bilateral and multiple dentigerous cysts of the premolars. One impacted mandibular premolar was moved by traction orthodontically. On the opposite side, the impacted premolar was autotransplanted after space was created through mesial movement and hemi-sectioning of the neighboring molars. The impacted maxillary premolar was extracted. Miniscrews were additionally used for anchorage reinforcement to prevent unintended counteractions and solve the problem of space management after autotransplantation. We also reviewed the clinical implications of the diagnosis, planning, and treatment of cyst-associated impacted teeth in young adult patients. Copyright © 2012 by the American Association of Orthodontists.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ajodo.2010.02.043

Intradermal injection of Botulinum toxin type A alleviates infraorbital nerve constriction-induced thermal hyperalgesia in an operant assay Reviewed

A. Kumada, Y. Matsuka, I. Spigelman, K. Maruhama, Y. Yamamoto, J. K. Neubert, T. A. Nolan, K. Watanabe, K. Maekawa, H. Kamioka, T. Yamashiro, T. Kuboki, K. Oguma

JOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION 39 ( 1 ) 63 - 72 2012.1

Language：English Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL

Recent studies have shown that infraorbital nerve constriction (IoNC)-induced mechanical allodynia has been attenuated by administration of highly purified 150-kDa Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A). Here, we extend these studies to determine whether BoNT/A could attenuate IoNC-induced symptoms of thermal hyperalgesia. Instead of testing head withdrawal thresholds, a thermal operant assay was used to evaluate cortical processing of sensory input following IoNC. In this assay, a fasted rats desire to obtain a food reward (sweetened condensed milk) is coupled to its ability to tolerate facial contact with a warm (45 degrees C) thermode. Bilateral IoNC decreased the ratio of thermode contact duration/event, which is an indicative of thermal hyperalgesia. BoNT/A injection intradermally in the area of infraorbital nerve (IoN) innervation 7 days after IoNC resulted in decreased number of facial contacts and increased the ratio of contact duration/event (measured at 14 days after IoNC). The BoNT/A (2200 pg) effects were dose dependent and statistically significant at 100 and 200 pg (P < 0.05). Complete reversal of thermal hyperalgesia symptoms was obtained with a 200-pg dose, without affecting sham rat behaviour. Off-site (neck) injection of BoNT/A did not relieve thermal hyperalgesia, while co-injection of BoNT/A with a neutralising antibody in the area of IoN innervation prevented relief of thermal hyperalgesia. Neither IoNC nor BoNT/A injection affected operant assay parameters with a 24 degrees C thermode, indicating selectivity of thermal hyperalgesia measurements. These results strongly suggest that intradermal injection of BoNT/A in the area of IoN innervation alleviates IoNC-induced thermal hyperalgesia in an operant assay.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2011.02236.x

Other Link： http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4419-9643

ミニスクリューを用いて重度の前歯部開咬を改善した症例 Reviewed

冨田奈緒, 上岡寛, 植田紘貴, 加野小奈美, 山城隆

中・四矯正歯誌 24 ( 1 ) 63 - 71 2012

Induction of CCN2/CTGF by laminar fluid flow stress, which is mediated by the actin cytoskeleton in osteoblastic cells Reviewed

Honjo, T, S. Kubota, H. Kamioka, Y. Sugawara, Y. Ishihara, T. Yamashiro, M. Takigawa, T. Takano-Yamamoto

J Cell Commun Signal. 6 225 - 232 2012

ミニスクリューを使用して治療を行ったhigh mandibular plane angleを呈する下顎後退症例

村上隆, 上岡寛, 山城隆

中・四国矯正歯科学会雑誌 23 ( 1 ) 53 - 59 2011.8

The three-dimensional morphometry and cell-cell communication of the osteocyte network in chick and mouse embryonic calvaria. Reviewed International journal

Yasuyo Sugawara, Ryoko Ando, Hiroshi Kamioka, Yoshihito Ishihara, Tadashi Honjo, Noriaki Kawanabe, Hiroshi Kurosaka, Teruko Takano-Yamamoto, Takashi Yamashiro

Calcified tissue international 88 ( 5 ) 416 - 24 2011.5

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：SPRINGER

The study of osteocytes has progressed in chicks. We examined whether chick osteocyte data can be applied to other species. We used mice for comparison because they are common clinical tools in biomedical research and useful for future study. We analyzed the three-dimensional (3D) osteocyte network and gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) in living embryonic calvaria for the anatomical features. Embryonic parietal bones were stained with fluorescently labeled phalloidin and observed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. GJIC between osteocytes in chick and mouse parietal bone was assessed using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). The values for one chick and mouse osteocyte, respectively, were calculated as follows: cell processes 1,131 ± 139 μm, 2,668 ± 596 μm; surface area 1,128 ± 358 μm(2), 2,654 ± 659 μm(2); and cell volume 455 ± 90 μm(3), 1,328 ± 210 μm(3). The density of 3D osteocyte processes in the bone matrix was not significantly different. FRAP analysis showed dye coupling among osteocytes in chick and mouse bone. The fluorescence intensity recovered to 49.0 ± 2.4% in chicks and 39.9 ± 2.4% in mice after 5 minutes. Fluorescence recovery was similar within 4 minutes. The difference in osteocyte size between the two species might have affected their functions. Osteocyte processes in the two species may sense similarly changes in the exterior environment. We successfully conducted morphological and functional analyses of the osteocyte network in chicks and mice. The size of the osteocytes in bone differed between the two species.

DOI： 10.1007/s00223-011-9471-7

Sox9 Expression during Fracture Repair Reviewed

Yuko Shintaku, Takashi Murakami, Takeshi Yanagita, Noriaki Kawanabe, Tomohiro Fukunaga, Kiyomi Matsuzaki, Setsuko Uematsu, Yasuhiro Yoshida, Hiroshi Kamioka, Teruko Takano-Yamamoto, Kenji Takada, Takashi Yamashiro

CELLS TISSUES ORGANS 194 ( 1 ) 38 - 48 2011

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：KARGER

The molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in bone development provide an insight into the nature of bone regeneration. Sox9 is a key transcription factor for chondrogenesis and is also expressed in osteochondroprogenitors during embryonic bone development. However, it has not been determined whether Sox9-expressing cells appear during fracture repair other than in the cartilaginous callus. On the other hand, the difference between bone development and repair is that the motion of the fractured segments is associated with the subsequent fate decision of osteochondrogenic precursors between osteogenesis or chondrogenesis, but the underlying mechanism of this still has to be elucidated. We herein evaluate whether Sox9 expressing cells appear during osseous regeneration in the initial stages of fracture healing in vivo. We also investigated the association between Sox9 induction and mechanical stress and the role of Runx1 expression. As a result, Sox9- and Runx1-expressing cells were detected in the periosteal callus together with Runx2 expression. Their expression levels were significantly downregulated during its ossification, as observed in embryonic bone development. The application of cyclic tension to isolated and cultured stromal cells resulted in the upregulation and maintenance of Sox9 mRNA expression in vitro. These results showed that as in early skeletal development, Sox9- and Runx1-expressing precursor cells first appear in the periosteal callus as an early fracture repair response. Our findings also suggested that the mechanical environment modulates Sox9 expression levels in osteochondrogenic precursors and consequently influences their fate decision between osteogenic and chondrogenic lineage commitment. Copyright (C) 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel

DOI： 10.1159/000322557

Other Link： http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4419-9643

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