Faculty Profiles - EKUNI Daisuke

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Beating stimulation promotes proliferative activity in rat gingival cells.

Ekuni D, Yamamoto T, Yamanaka R, Tomofuji T, Watanabe T

Dentistry in Japan 2005

Effects of Toothpastes Containing Either Dipotassium Glycyrrhizinate, Dipotassium Glycyrrhizinate with Create Ion^[○!R] High Power, or Dipotassium Glycyrrhizinate with Create Ion^[○!R] Number One, and the Effects of These Pastes Combined with Mechanical Stimulation of Gingiva on Periodontitis in the Rat Model

YAMAMOTO Tatsuo, EKUNI Daisuke, YAMANAKA Reiko, SAKAMOTO Tomonori, HAYASHI Hironori, WATANABE Tatsuo

Journal of dental health 55 ( 5 ) 537 - 542 2005

Language：Japanese Publisher：The Japanese Society for Dental Health

The objective of this study was to compare the effects of four pastes-regular toothpaste as a control (CT), regular toothpaste containing either dipotassium glycyrrhizinate (GLY), dipotassium glycyrrhizinate with Create Ion^[○!R] High Power (HP), or dipotassium glycyrrhizinate with Create Ion^[○!R] Number One (No 1), on periodontitis in the rat model. In addition, the effects of mechanical stimulation of gingiva when combined with the pastes were also evaluated. Under general anesthesia, lipopolysaccharide and bacterial protease solution were applied once a day into the palatal gingival sulcus of the upper right and left first molars of 40 male Wistar rats to induce periodontitis for 8 weeks. From the 5th to 8th week, 4 toothpastes (n=10) were applied in the gingivae of the right and left maxillary first molar once per day for 10 minutes respectively. Also, the palatal gingiva of the left molar was stimulated once a day using a power toothbrush. After 8 weeks, the teeth and gingivae were fixed, decal-cified and embedded in paraffin. Buccolingual sections were evaluated using hematoxylin-eosin staining. Statistical differences among the 4 groups and between stimulated and non-stimulated sides were tested by the ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis test, and the Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney test, respectively. In the No 1 group, the number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the junctional epithelium was significantly decreased. In the HP group, the number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in connective tissues was significantly less than that in the other groups. The stimulated side had a lower number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the junctional epithelium and connective tissue than the non-stimulated side in the GLY group, and the values were similar to those for the stimulated sides of the HP and No 1 groups. In conclusion, Create Ion^[○!R] High Power and Create Ion^[○!R] Number One with dipotassium glycyrrhizinate reduces polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration into connective tissues and junctional epithelium, respectively. Mechanical stimulation of gingiva combined with dipotassium glycyrrhizinate reduces polymorphonuclear leukocytes in junctional epithelium and connective tissue as strongly as dipotassium glycyrrhizinate and Create Ion^[○!R] without mechanical stimulation.

DOI： 10.5834/jdh.55.5_537

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Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2006032082

Gingival cell proliferation induced by use of a sonic toothbrush with warmed silicone rubber bristles International journal

T Tomofuji, H Kusano, T Azuma, D Ekuni, T Yamamoto, T Watanabe, T Kishimoto

JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY 75 ( 12 ) 1636 - 1639 2004.12

Language：English Publisher：AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY

Background: Toothbrushing promotes gingival cell proliferation, which may occur as the result of the physical stimulation of the gingiva. The present study evaluated the effects of temperature and silicone rubber bristles of a sonic toothbrush on gingival cell proliferation in dogs.
Methods: During the 5-week experimental period, one quadrant in each of eight dogs received a different toothbrushing regimen: a manual toothbrush or a sonic toothbrush with 1) nylon, 2) silicone rubber, or 3) warmed silicone rubber bristles. The proliferative activity of gingival cells was evaluated based on expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA).
Results: Use of the sonic toothbrushes produced a higher density of PCNA-positive and total fibroblasts than did use of a manual toothbrush. The warm silicone rubber bristles resulted in a higher density of PCNA-positive fibroblasts compared with the cooler silicone rubber bristle. The number of PCNA-positive basal cells in the junctional epithelium also increased following electric toothbrushing with warmed silicone rubber bristles.
Conclusions: The sonic toothbrush with silicone rubber bristles induced gingival fibroblast proliferation to a greater degree than a manual toothbrush. Warming the silicone rubber bristles increased their stimulatory effects on the proliferative activity of gingival cells.

DOI： 10.1902/jop.2004.75.12.1636

草野弘揮, 東哲司, 友藤孝明, 江國大輔, 坂本友紀, 山本龍生, 渡邊達夫, 岸本隆

口腔衛生学会雑誌 54 ( 5 ) 586 - 586 2004.10

Effects of ultrasound and mechanical vibration on fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis

AZUMA Tetsuji, KUSANO Hiroki, EKUNI Daisuke, SAKAMOTO Tomonori, TOMOFUJI Takaaki, YAMAMOTO Tatsuo, WATANABE Tatsuo

46 ( 秋季特別 ) 140 - 140 2004.9

Effects of High Cholesterol Diet on Periodontal Disease in Rats

TOMOFUJI Takaaki, AZUMA Tetsuji, KUSANO Hiroki, EKUNI Daisuke, YAMAMOTO Tatsuo, WATANABE Tatsuo

46 ( 秋季特別 ) 111 - 111 2004.9

ラット歯周病モデルにおいて機械的刺激は歯周炎の治癒を促進する

山中玲子, 江國大輔, 山本龍生, 渡邊達夫

口腔衛生学会雑誌 = JOURNAL OF DENTAL HEALTH 54 ( 4 ) 324 - 324 2004.8

Effects of mechanical stimulation in rats' periodontal disease model

YAMAMOTO Tatsuo, EKUNI Daisuke, YAMANAKA Reiko, WATANABE Tatsuo

46 ( 春季特別 ) 123 - 123 2004.4

The Effects of Mechanical Stimulation in Cell Cycle in Rats' Junctional Epithelial Basal Cells and Fibroblasts

YAMANAKA Reiko, EKUNI Daisuke, KUSANO Hiroki, YAMAMOTO Tatsuo, WATANABE Tatsuo

46 ( 春季特別 ) 157 - 157 2004.4

Effects of toothbrushing frequency on proliferation of gingival cells and collagen synthesis International journal

T Yamamoto, T Tomofuji, D Ekuni, T Sakamoto, M Horiuchi, T Watanabe

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY 31 ( 1 ) 40 - 44 2004.1

Language：English Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL

Background: Mechanical stimulation by toothbrushing enhances proliferation of fibroblasts and junctional epithelium (JE). These changes in gingiva may depend on the interval between toothbrushing. The effects of toothbrushing frequency on proliferation of gingival fibroblasts and basal cells of JE were evaluated.
Methods: Twelve mongrel dogs were used. Each tooth was brushed for 20 s at 1.96 N. The subepithelial connective tissue of JE was examined for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive fibroblasts and procollagen type-I C-peptide (PIP)-positive fibroblasts. JE was examined for PCNA-positive basal cells.
Results: Gingiva that received brushing twice a day showed increases in the density of fibroblasts and ratio of PCNA-positive fibroblasts to total fibroblasts at 4 weeks. The ratio of PIP-positive fibroblasts increased at 8 weeks in gingiva brushed twice a day and once a day. PCNA-positive basal cell ratio increased at 4 weeks in gingiva brushed twice a day and once a day.
Conclusions: A high frequency of brushing was associated with increased numbers of PCNA-positive fibroblasts, PIP-positive fibroblasts and PCNA-positive basal cells. Gingival cell proliferation increased and reached a plateau earlier in gingiva brushed twice a day than in gingiva brushed once a day.

DOI： 10.1111/j.0303-6979.2004.00439.x

Gingival cell responses to sonic or oscillanting/rotating electric toothbrushes.

Tomofuji T, Yamamoto T, Sakamoto T, Ekuni D, Watanabe T

Int J oral Health 2004

Proteases augment the effects of lipopolysaccharide in rat gingiva

D Ekuni, T Yamamoto, R Yamanaka, K Tachibana, T Watanabe

JOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH 38 ( 6 ) 591 - 596 2003.12

Language：English Publisher：BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD

Objectives: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and proteases have been implicated as important factors in the initiation and progression of human periodontal diseases. A single application of LPS or proteases is insufficient to induce periodontal pocket formation or periodontitis. The aim of the present study was to assess the combined effect of lipopolysaccharide and proteases on rat periodontal tissues, and create a periodontal disease model.
Materials and methods: Forty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: combination group (treated with both LPS and proteases solutions); LPS group; proteases group; and control. Each solution was introduced daily into the palatal gingival sulcus of maxillary molars for 8 weeks. The tissues were evaluated histometrically and immunohistochemically.
Results: In the LPS group, elongation of rete ridge, apical migration of junctional epithelium (JE), increased numbers of B cells in connective tissue, and resorption of alveolar bone were observed. In the proteases group, the increase in the number of infiltrating polymorphonuclear leukocytes and blood vessels in the connective tissue was greater than that of the LPS group.
Conclusions: The effects of LPS on periodontal tissues differed from those of proteases. The addition of proteases augmented and increased the effects of LPS, which were apical migration, intraepithelial cleavage of JE, and increased B cell density. The lesions in the combination group resembled established lesions of human periodontitis, with the exception of the low density of plasma cells.

DOI： 10.1034/j.1600-0765.2003.00694.x

Gingival cell proliferation by electric toothbrushes with various brush-heads.

T Azuma, H Kusano, T Tomofuji, D Ekuni, T Sakamoto, T Yamamoto, T Watanabe, T Kishimoto

JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH 82 423 - 423 2003.12

Mechanical Stimulation by Twin Pecker^【○!R】 Reduces Bleeding on Probing

SHIMONO Junko, EKUNI Daisuke, YAMAMOTO Tatsuo, WATANABE Tatsuo

45 ( 秋季特別 ) 163 - 163 2003.9

Periodontal Tissue Response by an Electric Toothbrush with Various Types of Brush Head

KUSANO Hiroki, AZUMA Tetsuji, TOMOFUJI Takaaki, EKUNI Daisuke, SAKAMOTO Tomonori, YAMAMOTO Tatsuo, WATANABE Tatsuo, KISHIMOTO Takashi

45 ( 秋季特別 ) 162 - 162 2003.9

LPS, プロテアーゼによる歯周ポケット形成時の接合上皮の増殖能亢進とコラーゲン破壊

江國大輔, 山中玲子, 橘健太郎, 友藤孝明, 山本龍生, 渡邊達夫

口腔衛生学会雑誌 53 ( 4 ) 359 - 359 2003.8

LPS and proteases induce apoptosis in periodontal ligament fibroblasts, but not in cementoblasts.

D. Ekuni, R. Yamanaka, K. Tachibana, T. Yamamoto, T. Watanabe

JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH 82 B291 - B291 2003.6

Proliferative activity of epithelial cells and fibroblasts by mechanical stimulation.

R. Yamanaka, D. Ekuni, T. Tomofuji, T. Yamamoto, T. Watanabe

JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH 82 B356 - B356 2003.6

Spatial extent of gingival cell activation due to mechanical stimulation by toothbrushing International journal

T Sakamoto, M Horiuchi, T Tomofuji, D Ekuni, T Yamamoto, T Watanabe

JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY 74 ( 5 ) 585 - 589 2003.5

Language：English Publisher：AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY

Background: Mechanical stimulation by toothbrushing enhances gingival fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis, and reduces inflammatory cell infiltration. The aim of this study was to investigate the spatial extent of proliferation of fibroblasts and endothelial cells in dog gingiva in response to mechanical stimulation by toothbrushing.
Methods: All maxillary fourth premolars and mandibular first molars of 6 mongrel dogs were used. Dental plaque was removed with a curet. One of each pair of bilateral teeth (in the same jaw) was assigned to the brushing group, and the corresponding tooth (opposite side) was assigned to the control group. The Bass method was used to brush the limited mesial half of the tooth at 1.96 N for 20 seconds with a fitted plastic stent. Immediately before fixation of tissue, the surface of brushed gingiva was notched to indicate the borderline between the brushed and non-brushed areas. Histometrical analyses of the sections were performed using assays for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and von Willebrand factor.
Results: The numbers of fibroblasts and PCNA-positive fibroblasts in the subepithelial connective tissue adjacent to oral sulcular epithelium significantly increased in brushed gingiva, not only in the brushed area but also in the non-brushed area 0 to 0.5 mm from the notch. Increased numbers of vascular endothelial cells were observed only in the brushed area.
Conclusion: The effect of mechanical stimulation by toothbrushing on gingival cell proliferation was not observed more than 0.5 mm from the brushed area. These results indicate that effective activation of gingival cell proliferation requires mechanical stimulation of gingiva in all areas.

DOI： 10.1902/jop.2003.74.5.585

Optimum force and duration of toothbrushing to enhance gingival fibroblast proliferation and procollagen type I synthesis in dogs International journal

T Tomofuji, D Ekuni, T Yamamoto, M Horiuchi, T Sakamoto, T Watanabe

JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY 74 ( 5 ) 630 - 634 2003.5

Language：English Publisher：AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY

Background: Toothbrushing enhances gingival fibroblast proliferation, which promotes wound healing. Optimum force and duration of toothbrushing for stimulation of fibroblast proliferation are key factors in maximizing effects of toothbrushing on periodontal wound healing. We therefore evaluated the effects of different durations and forces of toothbrushing on proliferative activity and procollagen synthesis of gingival fibroblasts.
Methods: Twelve dogs were used. In each dog, buccal gingivae of 12 teeth were examined for 3 weeks. Nine of these 12 teeth were each assigned to 1 of 9 different combinations of brushing force (0.98, 1.96, or 2.45 N) and duration (10, 20, or 40 seconds). The remaining 3 teeth received plaque removal without brushing, via a scaler.
Results: Force and duration of toothbrushing affected both proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive and procollagen Type I C-peptide (PIP)-positive fibroblast ratios (P<0.05). The highest ratio of PCNA-positive fibroblasts was produced by brushing at 1.96 N for 20 seconds. The highest ratio of PIP-positive fibroblasts was produced by brushing at 1.96 N for 10 seconds.
Conclusions: Toothbrushing at certain forces and durations enhanced the proliferative activity and procollagen synthesis of gingival fibroblasts. The toothbrushing duration that increased procollagen synthesis (10 seconds) was shorter than that which increased fibroblast proliferative activity (20 seconds).

DOI： 10.1902/jop.2003.74.5.630

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