Faculty Profiles - EKUNI Daisuke

MISC - EKUNI Daisuke

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Preventive effects of trehalose on osteoclast differentiation in rat periodontitis model International journal

Yasumasa Endo, Takaaki Tomofuji, Daisuke Ekuni, Tetsuji Azuma, Koichiro Irie, Kenta Kasuyama, Manabu Morita

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY 40 ( 1 ) 33 - 40 2013.1

Language：English Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL

Aim Trehalose, which is a disaccharide formed by a 1,1 linkage of two glucose molecules, was suggested to have a suppressive effect on bone resorption. In this study, we examined the effects of topical application of trehalose on osteoclast differentiation in a rat periodontitis model.
Material and Methods Rats were divided into four groups. One group received no treatment. In the other groups, experimental periodontitis was induced by ligature placement. These rats with experimental periodontitis received topical application of pure water (vehicle group), 30 mg/ml trehalose solution (30 mg/ml trehalose group) or 60 mg/ml trehalose solution (60 mg/ml trehalose group) to the gingival sulcus respectively.
Results The vehicle group showed higher numbers of polymorphonuclear leucocytes, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL)-positive cells and osteoclasts compared with the no treatment group respectively. Trehalose-applied groups exhibited lower numbers of these cells compared with the vehicle group. Gene expressions of tumour necrosis factor-a, RANKL and toll-like receptor 4 were suppressed by trehalose. In addition, protein expressions of RANKL inducing pathway were less activated by trehalose.
Conclusion Topical application of trehalose could suppress osteoclast differentiation by inactivation of RANKL inducing pathway in the rat periodontitis model.

DOI： 10.1111/jcpe.12032

Involvement of toll-like receptor 2 and 4 in association between dyslipidemia and osteoclast differentiation in apolipoprotein E deficient rat periodontium International journal

Takaaki Tomofuji, Daisuke Ekuni, Tetsuji Azuma, Koichiro Irie, Yasumasa Endo, Kenta Kasuyama, Toshiki Yoneda, Manabu Morita

LIPIDS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 12 ( 1 ) 1 - 1 2013.1

Language：English Publisher：BIOMED CENTRAL LTD

Background: Dyslipidemia increases circulating levels of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL) and this may induce alveolar bone loss through toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and 4. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dyslipidemia on osteoclast differentiation associated with TLR2 and TLR4 in periodontal tissues using a rat dyslipidemia (apolipoprotein E deficient) model.
Methods: Levels of plasma OxLDL, and the cholesterol and phospholipid profiles in plasma lipoproteins were compared between apolipoprotein E-deficient rats (16-week-old males) and wild-type (control) rats. In the periodontal tissue, we evaluated the changes in TLR2, TLR4, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) expression.
Results: Apolipoprotein E-deficient rats showed higher plasma levels of OxLDL than control rats (p<0.05), with higher plasma levels of total cholesterol (p<0.05) and LDL-cholesterol (p<0.05) and lower plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p<0.05). Their periodontal tissue also exhibited a higher ratio of RANKL-positive cells and a higher number of TRAP-positive osteoclasts than control rats (p<0.05). Furthermore, periodontal gene expression of TLR2, TLR4 and RANKL was higher in apolipoprotein E-deficient rats than in control rats (p<0.05).
Conclusion: These findings underscore the important role for TLR2 and TLR4 in mediating the osteoclast differentiation on alveolar bone response to dyslipidemia.

DOI： 10.1186/1476-511X-12-1

Dental caries is correlated with knowledge of comprehensive food education in Japanese university students International journal

Daisuke Ekuni, Takaaki Tomofuji, Shinsuke Mizutani, Michiko Furuta, Koichiro Irie, Tetsuji Azuma, Azusa Kojima, Yoshiaki Iwasaki, Manabu Morita

ASIA PACIFIC JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION 22 ( 2 ) 312 - 318 2013

Language：English Publisher：H E C PRESS, HEALTHY EATING CLUB PTY LTD

In Japan, the "Food Education Basic Law" (The Basic Law on Shokuiku, food education) was enacted in 2005. The comprehensive food education programs, namely Shokuiku, aim to improve dietary practices to reduce lifestyle-related diseases. Dental caries is one of the diseases associated with inappropriate dietary habits. Thus, food education may influence the prevalence of dental caries. However, there are no data regarding the association between public based-food education and dental caries. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between knowledge about comprehensive food education (Shokuika) and dental caries experience in Japanese university students. A total of 2,184 students (1,240 men, 944 women), aged 18-20 years, were examined. They had attended the Shokuiku program while in junior/senior high school. The numbers of teeth present, and decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) (dental caries experience) were recorded. Additional information was collected via a questionnaire regarding knowledge about food education, dietary habits and oral health behavior. Of the students, 315 men (20.7%) and 345 women (52.8%) reported that they know and can explain the meaning and content of the word "Shokuiku". After adjusting for potential confounding factors, subjects who did not have knowledge about Shokuiku had higher adjusted odds ratio (OR) for dental caries experience (DMFT >0) than those who had (adjusted OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.02-1.48; p<0.05). These observations revealed that having knowledge about comprehensive food education in university students correlates with low prevalence of dental caries.

DOI： 10.6133/apjcn.2013.22.2.13

Relationship between Prognostic Nutritional Index and Oral Health Status in Head and Neck Cancer Patients

MARUYAMA Takayuki, TOMOFUJI Takaaki, EKUNI Daisuke, MIZUTANI Shinsuke, MORITA Manabu

63 ( 4 ) 321 - 327 2013

Language：Japanese Publisher：The Japanese Society for Dental Health

Onodera's prognostic nutritional index (O-PNI) is known to be an important index of survival in head and neck cancer patients. However, the relationship between O-PNI and the oral health status remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between O-PNI and the oral health status in head and neck cancer patients. To consider the influence of the swallowing function, the subjects were divided into two groups (oral cancer patients and other head and neck cancer patients), and the association between O-PNI and the oral health status in each group was investigated. A total of 150 patients were recruited for this study. They had been diagnosed with primary head and neck cancer at the Department of Otolaryngology, Okayama University Hospital. Information on the cancer site, cancer stage, body mass index, drinking and smoking habits, biochemical serum markers including hepatic and renal function and C-reactive protein (CRP), and the oral health status was obtained. A multiple regression analysis was used to determine the association between O-PNI and each parameter. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that O-PNI was significantly associated with the age (p=0.017), mean clinical attachment level (p=0.049), and CRP (p<0.001) in oral cancer patients. On the other hand, O-PNI was significantly associated with CRP (p=0.005), and not associated with oral parameters in other head and neck cancer patients. In conclusion, there was a significant association between the periodontal condition and O-PNI in oral cancer patients. However, in other head and neck cancer patients, there were no significant association between the oral health status and O-PNI.

DOI： 10.5834/jdh.63.4_321

Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2014003705

Self-reported aural symptoms, headache and temporomandibular disorders in Japanese young adults

Rahena Akhter, Manabu Morita, Daisuke Ekuni, Nur Mohammad Monsur Hassan, Michiko Furuta, Reiko Yamanaka, Yoshizo Matsuka, David Wilson

BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 14 2013

Language：English

Background: To investigate the associations of aural symptoms, headache and depression with the presence of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) symptoms in a young adult population in Japan. Methods. A personal interview survey was conducted on first-year university students (n = 1,930) regarding symptoms of TMD, aural problems, headache, shoulder pain and depression. Logistic regression was applied to assess the associations of these problems with the presence of TMD symptoms after controlling for age and gender. Results: Among the 1,930 students, 543 students exhibited TMD symptoms and were classified into 7 groups: clicking only (Group I, n = 319), pain in the TMJ only (Group II, n = 21), difficulty in mouth opening only (Group III, n = 18), clicking and pain (Group IV, n = 29), clicking and difficulty in mouth opening (Group V, n = 48), difficulty in mouth opening and pain (Group VI, n = 11), and combination of three symptoms (Group VII, n = 97). The control group (n = 1,387) were subjects without any TMD symptoms. After adjusting for age and gender, a strong association was observed between TMD symptoms (Group II and IV) and tinnitus (OR = 12.1 and 13.2, respectively). TMD symptoms (Group I, II and III) were also associated with vertigo and headache. Otalgia and depression were significantly associated with the presence of clicking only. Conclusions: TMD symptoms were significantly correlated to aural symptoms and headache. A functional evaluation of the stomatognathic system should be considered in subjects with unexplained aural symptoms and headache. © 2013 Akhter et al.
licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

DOI： 10.1186/1471-2474-14-58

Hydrogen-rich water prevents lipid deposition in the descending aorta in a rat periodontitis model International journal

Daisuke Ekuni, Takaaki Tomofuji, Yasumasa Endo, Kenta Kasuyama, Koichiro Irie, Tetsuji Azuma, Naofumi Tamaki, Shinsuke Mizutani, Azusa Kojima, Manabu Morita

ARCHIVES OF ORAL BIOLOGY 57 ( 12 ) 1615 - 1622 2012.12

Language：English Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD

Objective: Periodontitis has been causally linked to atherosclerosis, which is mediated by the oxidative stress. As hydrogen-rich water (HW) scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS), we hypothesized that HW could prevent lipid deposition induced by periodontitis in the aorta. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of HW on the initiation of atherosclerosis in a rat periodontitis model.
Design: Eighteen 8-wk-old male Wistar rats were divided into three groups of six rats; the periodontitis group, periodontitis + HW group and the no treatment (control) group. In the periodontitis and periodontitis + HW groups, periodontitis was induced using a ligature for 4 wk, while the periodontitis + HW group was given water containing 800-1000 mu g/L hydrogen during the 4-wk experimental period.
Results: In the periodontitis group, lipid deposition in the descending aorta was observed. The periodontitis group also showed significant higher serum levels for ROS and oxidised low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (ox-LDL) (1.7 and 1.4 times, respectively), and higher aortic expression levels of nitrotyrosine and hexanoyl-lysine (HEL) (7.9 and 16.0 times, respectively), as compared to the control group (p < 0.05). In the periodontitis + HW group, lipid deposition was lower. Lower serum levels of ROS and ox-LDL (0.46 and 0.82 times, respectively) and lower aortic levels of nitrotyrosine and HEL (0.27 and 0.19 times, respectively) were observed in the periodontitis + HW group than in the periodontitis group (p < 0.05).
Conclusions: HW intake may prevent lipid deposition in the rat aorta induced by periodontitis by decreasing serum ox-LDL levels and aortic oxidative stress. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.04.013

Gum chewing modulates heart rate variability under noise stress International journal

Daisuke Ekuni, Takaaki Tomofuji, Noriko Takeuchi, Manabu Morita

ACTA ODONTOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA 70 ( 6 ) 491 - 496 2012.12

Language：English Publisher：TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD

Objective. Gum chewing may relieve stress, although this hypothesis has not been proven. Heart-rate variability (HRV) is commonly used to measure stress levels. However, it is not known if gum chewing modulates HRV under acute stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of gum chewing on HRV under acute stress. Materials and methods: A crossover study involving 47 non-smoking healthy subjects, aged 22-27 years, was carried out. The subjects received a stress procedure with gum chewing (GS group) and without gum chewing (S group). Additionally, the other 20 subjects were allocated to the gum chewing without stress group (G group). The GS and S groups were exposed to noise for 5 min (75 dBA) as stress. Before and after stress exposure/gum chewing, participants completed the state portion of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-s) and a single Stress Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) measurement. HRV measurement was performed before and during stress/gum chewing for 5 min. Results. After the stress procedure, VAS score significantly increased in the GS and S groups. During the stress procedure, the GS group showed a significantly lower level of high frequency (HF) and higher levels of low frequency (LF) and LF/HF than the S group. However, there were no significant differences in the scores of the state portion of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-s) and VAS between the two stress groups. Conclusions. These findings suggest that gum chewing modulates HRV, but may not relieve acute stress caused by noise.

DOI： 10.3109/00016357.2011.640275

岡山大学新入生の自覚的口腔健康観に影響する因子の検討

児島梓, 江國大輔, 友藤孝明, 東哲司, 入江浩一郎, 水谷慎介, 森田学

岡山歯学会雑誌 31 ( 2 ) 97 - 97 2012.12

日本とカンボジアの若年者におけるソーシャル・キャピタルと口腔の健康の関係

古田美智子, 野中愛恵, 江國大輔, 森田学, 高尾総司, 山下喜久

日本公衆衛生学会総会抄録集 71回 583 - 583 2012.10

Relationship Between Serum Albumin Concentration and Periodontal Condition in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer International journal

Takayuki Maruyama, Reiko Yamanaka, Aya Yokoi, Daisuke Ekuni, Takaaki Tomofuji, Nobuyoshi Mizukawa, Tomoo Onoda, Motoharu Eguchi, Manabu Morita

JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY 83 ( 9 ) 1110 - 1115 2012.9

Language：English Publisher：AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY

Background: Serum albumin concentration is known to be an independent predictor of survival in head and neck cancer. The previous studies suggested relationships between serum albumin concentration and oral health status in populations without serious systemic disorders. However, these relationships remain unclear in patients with head and neck cancer. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between serum albumin concentration and oral health status in patients with head and neck cancer.
Methods: Fifty individuals diagnosed with primary head and neck cancer, 25 individuals with normal serum albumin concentration (>= 3.85 g/dL), and 25 age- and sex-matched individuals with lower serum albumin concentration (<3.85 g/dL) were analyzed. General status, including cancer stage, body mass index, drinking and smoking habits, and biochemical serum markers, were evaluated. Oral health status, including periodontal condition and occlusion tooth pairs, were also evaluated.
Results: Mean clinical attachment level (CAL) and C-reactive protein in the lower serum albumin concentration group were greater than those in the normal serum albumin concentration group (P = 0.009 and P = 0.002, respectively). However, there were no significant differences in any other oral and/or serum parameters between the two serum albumin groups. A logistic regression model showed that mean CAL was significantly associated with high or low levels of serum albumin concentration (odds ratio = 9.752; 95% confidence interval = 1.702 to 55.861; P = 0.011).
Conclusions: This study suggests an association between periodontal disease and serum albumin concentration in patients with head and neck cancer. Longitudinal studies are necessary to examine the causal relationship between serum albumin concentration and periodontal condition. J Periodontol 2012;83:1110-1115.

DOI： 10.1902/jop.2011.110536

Effects of self-efficacy on oral health behaviours and gingival health in university students aged 18- or 19-years-old International journal

Shinsuke Mizutani, Daisuke Ekuni, Michiko Furuta, Takaaki Tomofuji, Koichiro Irie, Tetsuji Azuma, Azusa Kojima, Jun Nagase, Yoshiaki Iwasaki, Manabu Morita

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY 39 ( 9 ) 844 - 849 2012.9

Language：English Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL

Aim Although self-efficacy is known to affect various health-related practises, few studies have clearly examined how self-efficacy correlates with oral health behaviors or the oral health condition. We examined the relationship between gingivitis, oral health behaviors and self-efficacy in university students. Material & Methods A total of 2,111 students (1,197 males, 914 females) aged 18 and 19 years were examined. The degree of gingivitis was expressed as the percentage of bleeding on probing (%BOP). Additional information was collected via a questionnaire regarding oral health behaviors (daily frequency of tooth-brushing, use of dental floss and regular check-up). Self-efficacy was assessed using the Self-Efficacy Scale for Self-care (SESS). Path analysis was used to test pathways from self-efficacy to oral health behaviors and %BOP. Results In the final structural model, self-efficacies were related to each other, and they affected oral health behaviors. Good oral health behaviors reduced dental plaque and calculus, and lower levels of dental plaque and calculus resulted in lower %BOP. Conclusion Higher self-efficacy correlated with better oral health behaviours and gingival health in university students. Improving self-efficacy may be beneficial for maintaining good gingival health in university students. To prevent gingivitis, the approach of enhancing self-efficacy in university students would be useful.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2012.01919.x

Self-reports of eating quickly are related to a decreased number of chews until first swallow, total number of chews, and total duration of chewing in young people International journal

Daisuke Ekuni, Michiko Furuta, Noriko Takeuchi, Takaaki Tomofuji, Manabu Morita

ARCHIVES OF ORAL BIOLOGY 57 ( 7 ) 981 - 986 2012.7

Language：English Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD

Objective: The validity of a self-questionnaire about eating quickly remains unclear. If a significant relationship between subjective and objective methods to evaluate eating quickly can be confirmed, then the subjective method can be widely and reliably used in many fields. This study investigated relationships between subjective and objective methods to evaluate eating quickly and also numerically characterized the kinesis of eating quickly in young people.
Design: One hundred and thirteen students (44 males and 69 females; mean age 22.8 +/- 2.0 years) were selected. All subjects completed written questionnaires, and number of chews until first swallow, total duration of chewing, number of chews, chewing rate and bite size were measured using test products (a Japanese cracker and rice ball).
Results: Both male and female subjects who reported eating quickly showed a significantly lower number of chews until first swallow (Japanese cracker), a lower number of chews overall (rice ball), and a shorter total duration of chewing (rice ball) than other subjects. There was no difference in chewing rate between subjects who ate quickly or not.
Conclusions: These findings suggest that using test products, self-reports of eating quickly are related to a decreased number of chews until first swallow, total number of chews, and total duration of chewing, but not chewing rate, and that a self-reported questionnaire to evaluate eating rate is valid in young people. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.02.001

小学生における永久歯の萠出状況の報告

横井彩, 山中玲子, 江國大輔, 丸山貴之, 入江浩一郎, 遠藤康正, 水谷慎介, 友藤孝明, 森田学

岡山歯学会雑誌 31 ( 1 ) 39 - 40 2012.6

耳鼻咽喉科病棟看護師を対象に口腔ケアに関するアンケートの実施とその報告

志茂加代子, 岡崎惠子, 三浦留美, 山中玲子, 水川展吉, 江国大輔, 丸山貴之, 横井彩, 仲田直樹, 武田斉子, 喜田沙音里, 森田学

岡山歯学会雑誌 31 ( 1 ) 34 - 35 2012.6

ラット歯肉コラーゲンの加齢変化に対するトマリナの効果

友藤孝明, 入江浩一郎, 江國大輔, 遠藤康正, 粕山健太, 東哲司, 玉木直文, 森田学

日本抗加齢医学会総会プログラム・抄録集 12回 209 - 209 2012.6

Loss of claudin-1 in lipopolysaccharide-treated periodontal epithelium

T. Fujita, J. D. Firth, M. Kittaka, D. Ekuni, H. Kurihara, E. E. Putnins

JOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH 47 ( 2 ) 222 - 227 2012.4

Language：English Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL

Background and Objective: The epithelial barrier is a critical component of innate immunity and provides protection against microbial invasion. Claudin-1, a tight junction protein, is known to contribute to the epithelial cell barrier. An experimentally induced rat periodontal disease model was used to study the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the expression of tight junction-associated molecule genes in the junctional epithelium.
Material and Methods: LPS was applied for 8 wk in the gingival sulcus, and junctional epithelium was collected by laser-capture microdissection and subjected to microarray analysis.
Results: Microarray analysis identified that expression of the claudin-1 gene was decreased in the epithelium by chronic LPS challenge. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the expression of claudin-1 protein in junctional epithelium and that 8 wk of chronic LPS topical application significantly reduced claudin-1 expression. The effect of LPS on claudin-1 protein expression was validated using a porcine junctional epithelial cell culture Transwell model. The epithelial barrier, as measured using transmembrane resistance, was significantly reduced after 3 wk of LPS challenge and this was associated with a decreased level of expression of claudin-1 protein.
Conclusion: These results confirm that the initiation of experimental periodontal disease is associated with reduction in the expression of claudin-1 gene and protein. This decreased level of a critical tight junction protein may result in the disruption of barrier function and may play an important role in the initiation of periodontal disease.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2011.01424.x

Effects of topical application of inorganic polyphosphate on tissue remodeling in rat inflamed gingiva

K. Kasuyama, T. Tomofuji, D. Ekuni, T. Azuma, K. Irie, Y. Endo, M. Morita

JOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH 47 ( 2 ) 159 - 164 2012.4

Language：English Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL

Background and Objective: Inorganic polyphosphate [poly(P)] is a biopolymer found in almost all cells and tissues, and which promotes tissue remodeling. However, there is limited information on how poly(P) affects the connective tissue in inflamed gingiva. This study examined the effects of topical application of poly(P) on gingival connective tissue and its remodeling in a rat periodontitis model.
Material and Methods: Male Wistar rats (n = 36, 8 wk of age) were used in this 6-wk study. The rats were divided into six groups of six rats each. The control group received no treatment. In the other groups, periodontitis was ligatureinduced for 4 wk. After 4 wk, the rats with periodontitis were further divided into five groups, and were left untreated (periodontitis group) or subjected to topical application of oral rinses containing 0, 0.1, 1 or 5% poly(P) for 2 wk.
Results: The periodontitis and 0% poly(P) groups showed a higher density of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and a lower density of collagen in gingival tissue than the control group (p < 0.05). In contrast, groups treated with more than 1% poly(P) exhibited a lower density of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (p < 0.05) and a higher density of collagen than the periodontitis and 0% poly(P) groups (p < 0.05). A higher expression of fibroblast growth factor-2 was observed in the gingiva of rats treated with 1% poly(P) than in those treated with 0% poly(P) (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Topical application of poly(P) may induce connective tissue remodeling, contributing to improvement of inflamed gingiva in rats.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2011.01414.x

Effects of topical application of inorganic polyphosphate on tissue remodeling in rat inflamed gingiva

K. Kasuyama, T. Tomofuji, D. Ekuni, T. Azuma, K. Irie, Y. Endo, M. Morita

JOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH 47 ( 2 ) 159 - 164 2012.4

Language：English Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL

Background and Objective: Inorganic polyphosphate [poly(P)] is a biopolymer found in almost all cells and tissues, and which promotes tissue remodeling. However, there is limited information on how poly(P) affects the connective tissue in inflamed gingiva. This study examined the effects of topical application of poly(P) on gingival connective tissue and its remodeling in a rat periodontitis model.
Material and Methods: Male Wistar rats (n = 36, 8 wk of age) were used in this 6-wk study. The rats were divided into six groups of six rats each. The control group received no treatment. In the other groups, periodontitis was ligatureinduced for 4 wk. After 4 wk, the rats with periodontitis were further divided into five groups, and were left untreated (periodontitis group) or subjected to topical application of oral rinses containing 0, 0.1, 1 or 5% poly(P) for 2 wk.
Results: The periodontitis and 0% poly(P) groups showed a higher density of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and a lower density of collagen in gingival tissue than the control group (p < 0.05). In contrast, groups treated with more than 1% poly(P) exhibited a lower density of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (p < 0.05) and a higher density of collagen than the periodontitis and 0% poly(P) groups (p < 0.05). A higher expression of fibroblast growth factor-2 was observed in the gingiva of rats treated with 1% poly(P) than in those treated with 0% poly(P) (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Topical application of poly(P) may induce connective tissue remodeling, contributing to improvement of inflamed gingiva in rats.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2011.01414.x

Social capital and self-rated oral health among young people International journal

Michiko Furuta, Daisuke Ekuni, Soshi Takao, Etsuji Suzuki, Manabu Morita, Ichiro Kawachi

COMMUNITY DENTISTRY AND ORAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 40 ( 2 ) 97 - 104 2012.4

Language：English Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL

Objectives: A few studies have revealed the impact of neighborhood social capital on oral health among young people. We sought to examine the associations of social capital in three settings (families, neighborhoods, and schools) with self-rated oral health among a sample of college students in Japan. Methods: Cross-sectional survey of 967 students in Okayama University, aged 18 and 19 years, was carried out. Logistic regression was used to examine the associations of poor self-rated oral health with perceptions of social capital, adjusting for self-perceived household income category and oral health behaviors. Results: The prevalence of subjects with poor self-rated oral health was 22%. Adjusted for gender, self-perceived household income category, dental fear, toothbrush frequency, and dental floss use, poor self-rated oral health was significantly associated with lower level of neighborhood trust [odds ratio (OR) 2.22; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.40-3.54] and lower level of vertical trust in school (OR 1.71; 95% CI: 1.05-2.80). Low informal social control was unexpectedly associated with better oral health (OR 0.54; 95% CI: 0.34-0.85). Conclusion: The association of social capital with self-rated oral health is not uniform. Higher trust is associated with better oral health, whereas higher informal control in the community is associated with worse oral health.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2011.00642.x

Social capital and self-rated oral health among young people International journal

Michiko Furuta, Daisuke Ekuni, Soshi Takao, Etsuji Suzuki, Manabu Morita, Ichiro Kawachi

COMMUNITY DENTISTRY AND ORAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 40 ( 2 ) 97 - 104 2012.4

Language：English Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL

Objectives: A few studies have revealed the impact of neighborhood social capital on oral health among young people. We sought to examine the associations of social capital in three settings (families, neighborhoods, and schools) with self-rated oral health among a sample of college students in Japan. Methods: Cross-sectional survey of 967 students in Okayama University, aged 18 and 19 years, was carried out. Logistic regression was used to examine the associations of poor self-rated oral health with perceptions of social capital, adjusting for self-perceived household income category and oral health behaviors. Results: The prevalence of subjects with poor self-rated oral health was 22%. Adjusted for gender, self-perceived household income category, dental fear, toothbrush frequency, and dental floss use, poor self-rated oral health was significantly associated with lower level of neighborhood trust [odds ratio (OR) 2.22; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.40-3.54] and lower level of vertical trust in school (OR 1.71; 95% CI: 1.05-2.80). Low informal social control was unexpectedly associated with better oral health (OR 0.54; 95% CI: 0.34-0.85). Conclusion: The association of social capital with self-rated oral health is not uniform. Higher trust is associated with better oral health, whereas higher informal control in the community is associated with worse oral health.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2011.00642.x

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