研究者詳細 - 賴藤　貴志

論文 - 賴藤　貴志

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Physical Activity and Mortality Risk in the Japanese Elderly A Cohort Study 査読

Kazumune Ueshima, Kazuko Ishikawa-Takata, Takashi Yorifuji, Etsuji Suzuki, Saori Kashima, Soshi Takao, Masumi Sugiyama, Toshiki Ohta, Hiroyuki Doi

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE 38 ( 4 ) 410 - 418 2010年4月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC

Background: Physical activity recommendations for older adults with poor health needs to be understood.
Purpose: This study aims to examine the association between the frequency of physical activity and mortality among a sample of elderly subjects, most of whom were under treatment for pre-existing disease.
Methods: Data on the frequency of leisure-time physical activity, walking for transportation, and non-exercise physical activity were obtained from a population-based cohort study in Shizuoka, Japan. Of the randomly selected 22,200 residents aged 65-84 years, 10,385 subjects were followed from 1999 to 2006 and analyzed. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were obtained for all-cause; cardiovascular disease (CVD); and cancer mortality, after adjusting for covariates such as preexisting disease(s) A subgroup analysis that was restricted to subjects under treatment for preexisting disease(s) at baseline was further conducted. Data were collected between 1999 and 2006, and all analyses were conducted in 2008 and 2009.
Results: Every physical activity was associated with a reduced risk of all-cause and CVD mortality, among not only the total sample but even those under treatment. The HRs for CVD mortality among participants with 5 or more days of non-exercise physical activity per week for the total sample and those with pre-existing disease(s) were 038 (95% CI=0.22, 0 55) and 0.35 (95% CI=0.24, 052), respectively, compared with no non-exercise physical activity. The association between physical activity and cancer mortality was not clear
Conclusions: This study suggests a protective effect of physical activity on all-cause and CVD mortality among Japanese elderly people with pre-existing disease (Am J Prev Med 2010;38(4) 410-418) (C) 2010 American Journal of Preventive Medicine

DOI： 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.12.033

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Unusual Cancer Excess After Neonatal Arsenic Exposure From Contaminated Milk Powder 査読

Takashi Yorifuji, Toshihide Tsuda, Philippe Grandjean

JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE 102 ( 5 ) 360 - 361 2010年3月

Effects of Traffic-Related Outdoor Air Pollution on Respiratory Illness and Mortality in Children, Taking Into Account Indoor Air Pollution, in Indonesia 査読

Saori Kashima, Takashi Yorifuji, Toshihide Tsuda, Juliani Ibrahim, Hiroyuki Doi

JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE 52 ( 3 ) 340 - 345 2010年3月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS

Objective: To evaluate the effects of outdoor air pollution, taking into account indoor air pollution, in Indonesia. Methods: The subjects were 15,242 children from 2002 to 2003 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey. The odds ratios and their confidence intervals for adverse health effects were estimated. Results: Proximity increased the prevalence of acute respiratory infection both in urban and rural areas after adjusting for indoor air pollution. In urban areas, the prevalence of acute upper respiratory infection increased by 1.012 (95% confidence intervals: 1.005 to 1.019) per 2 km proximity to a major road. Adjusted odds ratios tended to be higher in the high indoor air pollution group. Conclusion: Exposure to traffic-related outdoor air pollution would increase adverse health effects after adjusting for indoor air pollution. Furthermore, indoor air pollution could exacerbate the effects of outdoor air pollution.

DOI： 10.1097/JOM.0b013e3181d44e3f

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Long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution and mortality in Shizuoka, Japan 査読

Takashi Yorifuji, Saori Kashima, Toshihide Tsuda, Soshi Takao, Etsuji Suzuki, Hiroyuki Doi, Masumi Sugiyama, Kazuko Ishikawa-Takata, Toshiki Ohta

OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE 67 ( 2 ) 111 - 117 2010年2月

担当区分：筆頭著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：B M J PUBLISHING GROUP

Objectives The number of studies investigating the health effects of long-term exposure to air pollution is increasing, however, most studies have been conducted in Western countries. The health status of Asian populations may be different to that of Western populations and may, therefore, respond differently to air pollution exposure. Therefore, we evaluated the health effects of long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution in Shizuoka, Japan.
Methods Individual data were extracted from participants of an ongoing cohort study. A total of 14 001 older residents, who were randomly chosen from all 74 municipalities of Shizuoka, completed questionnaires and were followed from December 1999 to March 2006. Individual nitrogen dioxide exposure data, as an index for traffic-related exposure, were modelled using a land use regression model. We assigned participants an estimated concentration of nitrogen dioxide exposure during 2000-2006. We then estimated the adjusted HR and their Cl for a 10 mu g/m(3) increase in exposure to nitrogen dioxide for all-cause or cause-specific mortality.
Results The adjusted HR for all-cause mortality was 1.02 (95% Cl 0.96 to 1.08). Regarding cause-specific mortality, the adjusted HR for cardiopulmonary mortality was 1.16 (95% Cl 1.06 to 1.26); in particular the adjusted HR for ischaemic heart disease mortality was 1.27 (95% Cl 1.02 to 1.58) and for pulmonary disease mortality it was 1.19 (95% Cl 1.02 to 1.38). Furthermore, among non-smokers, a 10 mu g/m(3) increase in nitrogen dioxide was associated with a higher risk for lung cancer mortality (HR 1.30, 95% Cl 0.85 to 1.93).
Conclusion Long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution, indexed by nitrogen dioxide concentration, increases the risk of cardiopulmonary mortality, even in a population with a relatively low body mass index and increases the risk of lung cancer mortality in nonsmokers.

DOI： 10.1136/oem.2008.045542

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Long-term exposure to methylmercury and its effects on hypertension in Minamata 査読

Takashi Yorifuji, Toshihide Tsuda, Saori Kashima, Soshi Takao, Masazumi Harada

ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 110 ( 1 ) 40 - 46 2010年1月

担当区分：筆頭著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE

Recent studies suggest potential adverse effects of methylmercury exposure on cardiovascular disease, although the evidence of association with hypertension is still inconsistent. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of methylmercury exposure on hypertension in Minamata. We used data derived from the 1971 population-based survey in Minamata and neighboring communities. We also utilized data on hair mercury content of the participants (derived from a 1960 investigation). We adopted two exposure indices (residential area and hair mercury content) and two hypertension outcomes (past history of hypertension and hypertension defined by measurements in the examination). Then, we estimated the adjusted prevalence odds ratio (POR) and its confidence interval (CI) of both hypertension outcomes in relation to residential area and hair mercury content. In the Minamata area (high exposure area), 87% (833) of the eligible population (aged >= 10 years) participated in the 1971 investigations. In the Goshonoura area (middle exposure area) and the Ariake area (low exposure area), 93% (1450) and 77% (755), respectively, of the eligible population participated. Compared with subjects in the Ariake area, the subjects in the Minamata area manifested hypertension more frequently, and PORs observed for two hypertension outcomes were 1.6 (95% CI: 1.2-2.1) and 1.4 (95% CI: 1.1-1.9), respectively. Furthermore, dose-response trends with hair mercury content were observed for both hypertension outcomes. The present finding supports the causal relationship between methylmercury exposure and hypertension. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.envres.2009.10.011

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What has methylmercury in umbilical cords told us? - Minamata disease 査読

Takashi Yorifuji, Saori Kashima, Toshihide Tsuda, Masazumi Harada

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 408 ( 2 ) 272 - 276 2009年12月

担当区分：筆頭著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

Severe methylmercury poisoning occurred in Minamata and neighboring communities in the 1950s and 1960s. The exposed patients manifested neurological signs, and some patients exposed in utero were born with so-called congenital Minamata disease. In a previous report, Nishigaki and Harada evaluated the methylmercury concentrations in the umbilical cords of inhabitants and demonstrated that methylmercury actually passed through the placenta (Nishigaki and Harada, 1975). However, the report involved a limited number of cases (only 35) and did not quantitatively evaluate the regional differences in the transition of methylmercury exposure. Therefore, in the present study, we evaluated the temporal and spatial distributions of methylmercury concentrations in umbilical cords, with an increased number of participants and additional descriptive analyses. Then, we examined whether the methylmercury concentrations corresponded with the history of the Minamata disease incident. A total of 278 umbilical cord specimens collected after birth were obtained from babies born between 1925 and 1980 in four study areas exposed to methylmercury. Then. we conducted descriptive analyses, and drew scatterplots of the methylmercury concentrations of all the participants and separated by the areas. In the Minamata area, where the first patient was identified in 1956, the methylmercury concentration reached a peak around 1955. Subsequently, about 5 years later, the concentrations peaked in other exposed areas with the expected exposure distribution corresponding with acetaldehyde production (the origin of methylmercury). This historical incident several decades ago in Minamata and neighboring communities clearly shows that regional pollution affected the environment in utero. Furthermore, the temporal and spatial distributions of the methylmercury concentrations in the umbilical cords tell us the history of the Minamata disease incident. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.10.011

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Green Tea Consumption and Mortality among Japanese Elderly People: The Prospective Shizuoka Elderly Cohort 査読

Etsuji Suzuki, Takashi Yorifuji, Soshi Takao, Hirokazu Komatsu, Masumi Sugiyama, Toshiki Ohta, Kazuko Ishikawa-Takata, Hiroyuki Doi

Annals of Epidemiology 19 ( 10 ) 732 - 739 2009年10月

Sleep duration, sleep quality and cardiovascular disease mortality among the elderly: A population-based cohort study 査読

Etsuji Suzuki, Takashi Yorifuji, Kazumune Ueshima, Soshi Takao, Masumi Sugiyama, Toshiki Ohta, Kazuko Ishikawa-Takata, Hiroyuki Doi

PREVENTIVE MEDICINE 49 ( 2-3 ) 135 - 141 2009年8月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE

Objective. To investigate the associations between sleep duration and mortality in the elderly by controlling for sleep quality.
Method. Data were collected from participants in a cohort study in Shizuoka, Japan. A total of 14,001 elderly residents (aged 65-85 years), randomly chosen from all 74 municipalities in the prefecture. completed questionnaires that evaluated sleep duration, sleep complaints, and the use of hypnotics. Participants were followed from 1999 to 2006. We analyzed 11,395 subjects to estimate the hazard ratios (HR) for mortality from all causes and cardiovascular disease (CVD).
Results. With 60,252 person-years, 1004 deaths were identified. While short sleep duration and mortality were not associated, longer sleep duration was associated with higher risk of mortality in both sexes. Compared with those who slept 7 h, the multivariate HR and 95% confidence interval of CVD mortality for those who slept >= 10 h was 1.95 (1.18-3.21) and, for those who slept <= 5 h, it was 1.10 (0.62-1.93). Although no clear association was found between sleep quality and mortality, long sleep duration was associated with higher risk of CVD mortality among those with poor sleep quality.
Conclusion. Long sleep duration is associated with higher risk of CVD mortality among the elderly with poor sleep quality. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ypmed.2009.06.016

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UNSCEAR 2006 inadequately cited "A case control study of multiple myeloma at four nuclear facilities" (Ann Epidemiol 2000; 10: 144-153. by Wing S et al.) 査読

Toshihide Tsuda, Eiji Yamamoto, Takashi Yorifuji

ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY 19 ( 7 ) 519 - 519 2009年7月

Oseltamivir and Abnormal Behaviors True or Not? 査読

Takashi Yorifuji, Etsuji Suzuki, Toshihide Tsuda

EPIDEMIOLOGY 20 ( 4 ) 619 - 621 2009年7月

担当区分：筆頭著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS

Oseltamivir is a neuraminidase inhibitor that inhibits influenza virus proliferation, and is used as an antiviral drug against influenza A and B viruses. Recently, concerns have been raised about hallucinations, delirium, and abnormal activity after administration of oseltamivir for treatment of infection with influenza virus. A large epidemiologic study was conducted in Japan in the winter of 2006-2007 to assess the relationship between oseltamivir intake and adverse behaviors, and an interim report was released on 10 July 2008. In the report, the research group concluded that no positive associations were detected between oseltamivir intake and abnormal behaviors. However, the analytic method used in the study was flawed. A correct analysis (based on person-time) shows a rate ratio of 1.57 (95% confidence interval = 1.34-1.83). This example clearly illustrates the importance of person-time in the analysis of cohort studies.

DOI： 10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181a3d3f6

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GREEN TEA CONSUMPTION AND MORTALITY AMONG JAPANESE ELDERLY: A POPULATION-BASED COHORT STUDY 査読

E. Suzuki, T. Yorifuji, S. Takao, H. Komatsu, M. Sugiyama, H. Doi

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY 169 S83 - S83 2009年6月

Application of land use regression to regulatory air quality data in Japan 査読

Saori Kashima, Takashi Yorifuji, Toshihide Tsuda, Hiroyuki Doi

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 407 ( 8 ) 3055 - 3062 2009年4月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

A land use regression (LUR) model has been used successfully for predicting traffic-related pollutants, although its application has been limited to Europe and North America. Therefore, we modeled traffic-related pollutants by LUR then examined whether LUR models could be constructed using a regulatory monitoring network in Shizuoka, Japan. We used the annual-mean nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) and suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentrations between April 2000 and March 2006 in the study area. SPM accounts for particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 8 mu m (PM8). Geographic variables that are considered to predict traffic-related pollutants were classified into four groups: road type, traffic intensity, land use, and physical component. Using geographical variables, we then constructed a model to predict the monitored levels of NO(2) and SPM. The mean concentrations of NO(2) and SPM were 35.75 mu g/m(3) (standard deviation of 11.28) and 28.67 mu g/m(3) (standard deviation of 4.73), respectively. The final regression model for the NO(2) concentration included five independent variables. R(2) for the NO(2) model was 0.54. On the other hand, the regression model for the SPM concentration included only one independent variable. R(2) for the SPM model was quite low (R(2) = 0.11). The present study showed that even if we used regulatory monitoring air quality data, we could estimate NO(2) moderately well. This result could encourage the wide use of LUR models in Asian countries. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.12.038

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Minamata disease: Catastrophic poisoning due to a failed public health response 査読

Toshihide Tsuda, Takashi Yorifuji, Soshi Takao, Masaya Miyai, Akira Babazono

JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH POLICY 30 ( 1 ) 54 - 67 2009年4月

Total Mercury Content in Hair and Neurologic Signs Historic Data From Minamata 査読

Takashi Yorifuji, Toshihide Tsuda, Soshi Takao, Etsuji Suzuki, Masazumi Harada

EPIDEMIOLOGY 20 ( 2 ) 188 - 193 2009年3月

担当区分：筆頭著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS

Background: Large-scale methylmercury poisonings have occurred in Japan (Minamata and Niigata) and in Iraq. The current WHO threshold for adult exposure (hair level: 50 mu g/g) was based on evidence from Niigata, which included only acute and severe cases. That study leaves open the possibility of more subtle effects at lower exposure levels.
Methods: The Shiranui sea had been contaminated in the 1950s by the discharge of methylmercury from a factory near Minamata.
In 1960, the hair mercury content of 1694 residents living on the coastline of the Shiranui sea was measured by researchers from the Kumamoto Prefecture Institute for Health Research. Independently, in 1971, a population-based study to examine neurologic signs was conducted in the Minamata and Goshonoura areas, on the coastline of the Shiranui Sea, and the Ariake area (reference), by researchers at Kumamoto University. We identified 120 residents from exposed areas who were included in both datasets, plus 730 residents of Ariake (an unexposed area) who were also examined for neurologic signs.
Results: Hair mercury levels were associated with perioral sensory loss in a dose-response relationship. The adjusted prevalence odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for perioral sensory loss, compared with the lowest exposure category (0-10 mu g/g), were 4.5 (0.5-44), 9.1 (1.0-83), and 10 (0.9-110), for the dose categories >10 to 20, >20 to 50, and >50 mu g/g, respectively. The prevalence of all neurologic signs was higher in the exposure area than in Ariake.
Conclusions: An increased prevalence of neurologic signs, especially perioral sensory loss, was found among residents with hair mercury content below 50 mu g/g.

DOI： 10.1097/EDE.0b013e318190e73f

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Impact of Breastfeeding on Body Weight of Preschool Children in a Rural Area of Japan: Population-based Cross-sectional Study 査読

Hirokazu Komatsu, Takashi Yorifuji, Toshibide Iwase, Ayako Sasaki, Soshi Takao, Hiroyuki Doi

ACTA MEDICA OKAYAMA 63 ( 1 ) 49 - 55 2009年2月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：OKAYAMA UNIV MED SCHOOL

To investigate the effect of exclusive breastfeeding on the likelihood of Japanese preschool children being overweight, population-based cross-sectional survey data from M town in Japan were used. Using the population registry of this town, all 616 preschool children were identified, and a self-administered questionnaire was sent to their parents. The exposure variable of interest was exclusive breastfeeding from. birth to 6 months, and the outcome variable of interest was the children being overweight at preschool age. Statistical analyses used included logistic regression and sensitivity analyses. In the final analyses, we included 448 preschool children. Although all point estimates indicated a protective effect, logistic regression analyses showed no significant reduction in being overweight due to exclusive breastfeeding in the unadjusted model (odds ratio (OR)= 0.70, 95% confidence intervals: 0.30-1.64), the model adjusted for birth weight (OR = 0.70, 95% CI: 030-1.63), the model adjusted for child lifestyle (OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.30-1.67), or the model adjusted for parental factors (OR=0.46, 95% CI: 0.15-1.37). In sensitivity analyses, point estimates were not significant, but a protective effect was observed. In conclusion, our results suggest that breastfeeding might have a protective effect on Japanese preschool children against being overweight, although statistical significance was not observed due to the limitation of the statistical power of the findings.

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Long-Term Exposure to Particulate Matter and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Morality in Japan: Shizuoka Study 査読

T. Yorifuji, S. Kashima, E. Suzuki, S. Takao, T. Tsuda, M. Sugiyama, H. Doi

EPIDEMIOLOGY 19 ( 6 ) S195 - S195 2008年11月

Causal interpretation based on DAGs 査読

Etsuji Suzuki, Hirokazu Komatsu, Takashi Yorifuji, Toshihide Tsuda

EPIDEMIOLOGY 19 ( 2 ) 361 - 361 2008年3月

Long-term exposure to methylmercury and neurologic signs in Minamata and neighboring communities 査読

Takashi Yorifuji, Toshihide Tsuda, Soshi Takao, Masazumi Harada

EPIDEMIOLOGY 19 ( 1 ) 3 - 9 2008年1月

担当区分：筆頭著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS

Background: It is well known that large-scale poisonings caused by methylmercury occurred in Japan (Minamata, in the 1950s) and Iraq. However, in contrast to Iraq, there have been few sound epidemiologic studies in Minamata. We evaluated the effect of methylmercury on neurologic signs using data from a 1971 population-based study.
Methods: Villages in 3 areas were selected for study: the Minamata area (a high-exposure area), the Goshonoura area (a medium-exposure area), and the Ariake area (a low-exposure area). We used place of residence as the-exposure indicator. We examined associations between methylmercury exposure and the following neurologic signs measured on clinical examination: paresthesia of whole body, paresthesia of extremities, paresthesia around the mouth, ataxia, dysarthria, tremors, and pathologic reflexes.
Results: Total population was 1120 in the high-exposure villages, 1845 in the medium-exposure villages, and 1165 in the low-exposure villages. In the Minamata area, 87% (n = 833) of the eligible population (age 10 years and older) participated in the 1971 investigations, in the Goshonoura area, 93% (n = 1450), and in the Ariake area, 77% (n = 755). Compared with subjects in the Ariake area, the subjects in the Minamata area manifested neurologic signs more frequently. The highest prevalence odds ratio was observed for paresthesia around the mouth (110; 95% confidence interval = 16-820). Although residents in the Goshonoura area had been exposed less heavily than those in the Minamata area, Goshonoura residents also had increased prevalence of neurologic signs.
Conclusion: Long-term exposure to methylmercury has a strong adverse impact on neurologic signs among residents in a local community.

DOI： 10.1097/EDE.0b013e31815c09d2

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Age standardized cancer mortality ratios in areas heavily exposed to methyl mercury 査読

Takashi Yorifuji, Toshihide Tsuda, Norito Kawakami

INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 80 ( 8 ) 679 - 688 2007年8月

担当区分：筆頭著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：SPRINGER

Objective Methyl-mercury (MeHg) was discharged from a chemical factory in Minamata, and consequently spread throughout the Shiranui Sea in Kumamoto, Japan. Although many studies have focused on MeHg-induced neurological disorders, the association between MeHg and malignant neoplasms has not been adequately investigated. Therefore, we explored this association using the age standardized mortality ratio (ASMR) in an ecologic study over a wide area allowing for a long empirical induction period.
Methods The subjects were residents in areas around the Shiranui Sea. We divided these areas into exposure groups 1 (Minamata and Ashikita regions) and 2 (Amakusa region). Exposure group 1 was contaminated from the late 1930s, and exposure group 2 was contaminated from the late 1950s. In addition, exposure group 1 was contaminated more heavily than exposure group 2. There were 92,525 and 152,541 residents in each group in 1960, respectively. We analyzed the cancer ASMR in both exposure groups using data from two reference populations (Japan and Kumamoto prefecture) from 1961 to 1997. There were 94,301,494 and 1,856,192 people in each reference group in 1960, respectively. We abstracted population and mortality data from the censuses and the vital statistics of the prefecture and Japan.
Results An increased leukemia ASMR and a decreased gastric cancer ASMR were observed in both exposure groups, while other ASMRs were around unity and less precise. Furthermore, the leukemia ASMRs were elevated differently between the two exposure groups: the leukemia ASMR was already elevated early in the study period in exposure group 1 and increased gradually in exposure group 2.
Conclusion While the negative association between MeHg and gastric cancer might be explained by salt intake, the positive association between MeHg and leukemia could not be explained by potential confounders. Despite some limitations mainly due to its ecologic design, this study indicates the necessity of an individual-level study evaluating the association between MeHg and leukemia in regions with exposure to MeHg.

DOI： 10.1007/s00420-007-0179-y

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Health impact assessment of particulate matter in Tokyo, Japan 査読

Takashi Yorifuji, Eiji Yamamoto, Toshihide Tsuda, Norito Kawakami

ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 60 ( 4 ) 179 - 185 2005年7月

担当区分：筆頭著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：HELDREF PUBLICATIONS

Among industrialized countries, Japan still maintains an old set of guidelines for particulate matter (PM); therefore, we assessed the public health impacts of PM exposure in various Situations using data from the Tokyo metropolitan area. Subjects were 7.8 million people aged older than 30 years. Based on a linear relationship between exposure and health effects, we estimated attributable cases of mortality caused by PM. Even at the recent exposure level, the number of deaths will occur after both short- and long-term exposure. When the guideline for PM2.5 (particles < 2.5 mu m in diameter) long-term exposure was set at 12 mu g/m3, we could prevent 8% of all causes mortality or 6,700 deaths in the Tokyo metropolitan area per year. This assessment shows that guidelines for long-term exposure, especially for PM2.5, should be recommended in Japan.

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