研究者詳細 - 賴藤　貴志

論文 - 賴藤　貴志

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Acute exposure to fine and coarse particulate matter and infant mortality in Tokyo, Japan (2002-2013) 査読

Takashi Yorifuji, Saori Kashima, Hiroyuki Doi

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 551 66 - 72 2016年5月

担当区分：筆頭著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

Few studies have evaluated the effect of short-term exposure to particulate matter (PM) less than 2.5 mu m in diameter (PM2.5) or to coarse particles on infant mortality. We evaluated the association between short-term exposure to PM and infant mortality in Japan and assessed whether adverse health effects were observable at PM concentrations below Japanese air quality guidelines. We used a time-stratified, case-crossover design. The participants included 2086 infants who died in the 23 urbanized wards of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government between January 2002 and December 2013. We obtained measures of PM2.5 and suspended particulate matter (SPM; PM < 7 mu m in diameter) from one general monitoring station. As a measure of coarse particles, we calculated PM7-2.5 by subtracting PM2.5 from SPM. We then used conditional logistic regression to analyze the data. Same-day PM2.5 was associated with increased risks of infant and postneonatal mortality, especially for mortality related to respiratory causes. For a 10 mu g/m(3) increase in PM2.5, the odds ratios were 1.06 (95% confidence interval: 1.01-1.12) for infant mortality and 1.10 (1.02-1.19) for postneonatal mortality. PM7-2.5 was also associated with an increased risk of postneonatal mortality, independent of PM2.5. Even when PM2.5 and SPM concentrations were below Japanese air quality guidelines, we observed adverse health effects. This study provides further evidence that acute exposure to PM2.5 and coarse particles (PM7-2.5) is associated with an increased risk of infant mortality. Further, rigorous evaluation of air quality guidelines for daily average PM2.5 and larger particles is needed. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.211

Secondary sex ratio in regions severely exposed to methylmercury "Minamata disease" 査読

Takashi Yorifuji, Saori Kashima

INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 89 ( 4 ) 659 - 665 2016年5月

担当区分：筆頭著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：SPRINGER

Secondary sex ratio (i.e., male proportion at birth) is considered to function as a sentinel health indicator. Thus, examining this ratio spatially and temporally in regions with severe environmental exposure to compounds such as methylmercury may provide insight into the evolution of exposure.
We evaluated spatial and temporal distributions of the secondary sex ratio in Minamata, Japan, and neighboring areas, where severe methylmercury poisoning occurred in the 1950s and 1960s. We selected four areas exposed to methylmercury: Minamata, Ashikita, Goshonoura, and Izumi. After obtaining the number of live births, we conducted descriptive analyses by study area.
We observed a reduction in male births in the exposed areas. In particular, a decline in the sex ratio of the Minamata area, where the first patient was officially identified in 1956, was seen around 1955. The ratio during 1955-1959 around Minamata was 0.496 [95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.481-0.511]; the 95 % CI did not include the value of 0.515 (the secondary sex ratio of the entire Japanese population during the study period). Declines in this ratio were also observed in other exposed areas around 1960, when acetaldehyde production (the origin of methylmercury) reached its peak.
These analyses demonstrate that temporal and spatial distributions of the secondary sex ratio reflect the evolution of methylmercury exposure corresponding with the known history of Minamata disease.

DOI： 10.1007/s00420-015-1103-5

Preterm birth and behavioural outcomes at 8 years of age: a nationwide survey in Japan. 査読

Higa Diez M, Yorifuji T, Kado Y, Sanada S, Doi H

Archives of disease in childhood 101 ( 4 ) 338 - 343 2016年4月

Association between Short Maternal Height and Low Birth Weight: A Hospital-based Study in Japan 査読

Sachiko Inoue, Hiroo Naruse, Takashi Yorifuji, Tsuguhiko Kato, Takeshi Murakoshi, Hiroyuki Doi, S. V. Subramanian

JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE 31 ( 3 ) 353 - 359 2016年3月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：KOREAN ACAD MEDICAL SCIENCES

Anthropometry measurements, such as height and weight, have recently been used to predict poorer birth outcomes. However, the relationship between maternal height and birth outcomes remains unclear. We examined the effect of shorter maternal height on low birth weight (LBW) among 17,150 pairs of Japanese mothers and newborns. Data for this analysis were collected from newborns who were delivered at a large hospital in Japan. Maternal height was the exposure variable, and LBW and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit were the outcome variables. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the associations. The shortest maternal height quartile (131.0-151.9 cm) was related to LBW (OR 1.91 [95% CI 1.64, 2.22]). The groups with the second (152.0-157.9 cm) and the third shortest maternal height quartiles (158.0-160.9 cm) were also related to LBW. A P trend with one quartile change also showed a significant relationship. The relationship between maternal height and NICU admission disappeared when the statistical model was adjusted for LBVV. A newborn's small size was one factor in the relationship between shorter maternal height and NICU admission. In developed countries, shorter mothers provide a useful prenatal target to anticipate and plan for LBW newborns and NICU admission.

DOI： 10.3346/jkms.2016.31.3.353

Asian dust effect on cause-specific mortality in five cities across South Korea and Japan 査読

Saori Kashima, Takashi Yorifuji, Sanghyuk Bae, Yasushi Honda, Youn-Hee Lim, Yun-Chul Hong

ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT 128 20 - 27 2016年3月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD

Desert dust is considered to be potentially toxic and its toxicity may change during long-range transportation. In Asian countries, the health effects of desert dust in different locations are not well understood. We therefore evaluated the city-combined and city-specific effects of Asian dust events on all cause and cause-specific mortality in five populous cities in South Korea (Seoul) and Japan (Nagasaki, Matsue, Osaka and Tokyo). We obtained daily mean concentrations of Asian dust using light detection and ranging (lidar) between 2005 and 2011. We then evaluated city-specific and pooled associations of Asian dust with daily mortality for elderly residents (>= 65 years old) using time-series analyses. Each 10 mu g/m(3) increase in the concentration of same-day (lag 0) or previous-day (lag 1) Asian dust was significantly associated with an elevated pooled risk of all-cause mortality (relative risk (RR): 1.003 [95% CI: 1.001-1.005] at lag 0 and 1.001 [95% CI: 1.000-1.003] at lag 1) and cerebrovascular disease (RR: 1.006 [95% CI: 1.000-1.011] at lag 1). This association was especially apparent in Seoul and western Japan (Nagasaki and Matsue). Conversely, no significant associations were observed in Tokyo, which is situated further from the origin of Asian dust and experiences low mean concentrations of Asian dust. Adverse health effects on all-cause and cerebrovascular disease mortality were observed in South Korea and Japan. However, the effects of Asian dust differed across the cities and adverse effects were more apparent in cities closer to Asian dust sources. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

DOI： 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.12.063

Neurological and neuropsychological functions in adults with a history of developmental arsenic poisoning from contaminated milk powder 査読

Takashi Yorifuji, Tsuguhiko Kato, Hitoshi Ohta, David C. Bellinger, Kenichi Matsuoka, Philippe Grandjean

Neurotoxicology and Teratology 53 75 - 80 2016年1月

担当区分：筆頭著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Elsevier Inc.

During the summer of 1955, mass arsenic poisoning of bottle-fed infants occurred in the western part of Japan due to contaminated milk powder, and more than 100 died
some childhood victims were later found to suffer from neurological sequelae in adolescence. This unique incident enabled us to explore infancy as a critical period of arsenic exposure in regard to developmental neurotoxicity and its possible persistence through adulthood. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the association between developmental arsenic exposure and the neurological outcomes more than 50. years later. We conducted a retrospective cohort study during the period from April 2012 to February 2013 in two hospitals in Okayama Prefecture, Japan. The study sample consisted of 50 individuals: 27 known poisoning victims from Okayama Prefecture, and 23 non-exposed local controls of similar age. In addition to neurological examination, we adapted a battery of neurophysiological and neuropsychological tests to identify the types of brain functions affected by early-life arsenic exposure. While limited abnormalities were found in the neurophysiological tests, neuropsychological deficits were observed. Except for Finger tapping, all test scores in the exposed group - Vocabulary and Block Design from Wechsler Adults Intelligent Scale III, Design memory subtest from Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning 2, and Grooved pegboard test - were substantially below those obtained by the unexposed. The exposed group showed average performance at least 1.2 standard deviations below the average for the controls. Exposed participants performed less well than controls, even after exclusion of subjects with recognized disabilities or those with a high level of education. Adults who had suffered arsenic poisoning during infancy revealed neuropsychological dysfunctions, even among those subjects not recognized as having disabilities. Developmental neurotoxicity due to arsenic likely results in permanent changes in brain functions.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ntt.2015.12.001

Prenatal Exposure to Traffic-related Air Pollution and Child Behavioral Development Milestone Delays in Japan 査読

Takashi Yorifuji, Saori Kashima, Midory Higa Diez, Yoko Kado, Satoshi Sanada, Hiroyuki Doi

EPIDEMIOLOGY 27 ( 1 ) 57 - 65 2016年1月

担当区分：筆頭著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS

Background: Recent studies suggest that prenatal exposure to outdoor air pollution is associated with unfavorable neurodevelopment in children. We examined associations between prenatal exposure to traffic-related air pollution and child behavioral development milestone delays, using data from a nationwide population-based longitudinal survey in Japan, where the participants were recruited in 2001 and followed.
Methods: Particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide concentrations during the 9 months before birth were obtained at the municipality level and assigned to the participants who were born in the corresponding municipality. We analyzed data from singleton births with linked pollution data available (N = 33,911 at the maximum). We used responses to survey questions about age-appropriate behaviors at ages 2.5 and 5.5 years as indicators of behavioral development. We conducted multilevel logistic regression analysis, adjusting for individual and municipality-level variables.
Results: Air pollution exposure during gestation was positively associated with the risk of some developmental milestone delays at both ages. Specifically, air pollution was associated with verbal and fine motor development at age 2.5 years, and with behaviors related to inhibition and impulsivity at 5.5 years. In the fully-adjusted models, odds ratios following one-interquartile-range increase in nitrogen dioxide and suspended particulate matter were 1.24 (95% confidence interval: 1.07, 1.43) for inability to compose a two-phrase sentence at ages 2.5 and 1.10 (1.05, 1.16) for inability to express emotions at age 5.5 years, respectively.
Conclusions: Prenatal exposure to traffic-related air pollution was associated with behavioral development milestone delays of children in a nationally representative sample in Japan.

DOI： 10.1097/EDE.0000000000000361

Effects of Ayurvedic Oil-Dripping Treatment with Sesame Oil vs. with Warm Water on Sleep: A Randomized Single-Blinded Crossover Pilot Study 査読

Akiko Tokinobu, Takashi Yorifuji, Toshihide Tsuda, Hiroyuki Doi

JOURNAL OF ALTERNATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE 22 ( 1 ) 52 - 58 2016年1月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC

Objectives: Ayurvedic oil-dripping treatment (Shirodhara) is often used for treating sleep problems. However, few properly designed studies have been conducted, and the quantitative effect of Shirodhara is unclear. This study sought to quantitatively evaluate the effect of sesame oil Shirodhara (SOS) against warm water Shirodhara (WWS) on improving sleep quality and quality of life (QOL) among persons reporting sleep problems. Methods: This randomized, single-blinded, crossover study recruited 20 participants. Each participant received seven 30-minute sessions within 2 weeks with either liquid. The washout period was at least 2 months. The Shirodhara procedure was conducted by a robotic oil-drip system. The outcomes were assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) for sleep quality, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) for daytime sleepiness, World Health Organization Quality of Life 26 (WHO-QOL26) for QOL, and a sleep monitor instrument for objective sleep measures. Changes between baseline and follow-up periods were compared between the two types of Shirodhara. Analysis was performed with generalized estimating equations. Results: Of 20 participants, 15 completed the study. SOS improved sleep quality, as measured by PSQI. The SOS score was 1.83 points lower (95% confidence interval [CI], -3.37 to -0.30) at 2-week follow-up and 1.73 points lower (95% CI, -3.84 to 0.38) than WWS at 6-week follow-up. Although marginally significant, SOS also improved QOL by 0.22 points at 2-week follow-up and 0.19 points at 6-week follow-up compared with WWS. After SOS, no beneficial effects were observed on daytime sleepiness or objective sleep measures. Conclusions: This pilot study demonstrated that SOS may be a safe potential treatment to improve sleep quality and QOL in persons with sleep problems.

DOI： 10.1089/acm.2015.0018

Associations of acute exposure to fine and coarse particulate matter and mortality among older people in Tokyo, Japan 査読

Takashi Yorifuji, Saori Kashima, Hiroyuki Doi

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 542 354 - 359 2016年1月

担当区分：筆頭著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

Recent studies have reported adverse health effects of short-term exposure to coarse particles independent of particulate matter less than 2.5 mu m in diameter (PM2.5), but evidence in Asian countries is limited. We therefore evaluated associations between short-term exposure to particulate matter (PM) and mortality among older people in Tokyo, Japan. We used a time-stratified, case-crossover design. Study participants included 664,509 older people (>= 65 years old) in the 23 urbanized wards of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government, who died between January 2002 and December 2013. We obtained PM2.5 and suspended particulate matter (SPM; PM < 7 mu m in diameter) from one general monitoring station. We calculated PM7-2.5 by subtracting PM2.5 from SPM to account for coarse particles. We then used conditional logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95 confidence intervals (CIs). Same-day PM2.5 and PM7-2.5 were independently associated with all-cause and cause-specificmortality related to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases; for example, both pollutants were positively associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality even after simultaneous adjustment for each pollutant: OR of 1.006 (95% CI: 1.003, 1.009) for PM2.5 and 1.016 (95% CI: 1.011, 1.022) for PM7-2.5. Even below concentrations stipulated by the Japanese air quality guidelines for PM2.5 and SPM (PM7), we observed adverse health effects. This study provides further evidence that acute exposure to PM2.5 and coarse particles is associated with increased risk of mortality among older people. Rigorous evaluation of air quality guidelines for daily average PM2.5 and larger particles should be continued. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.10.113

Neurological and neurocognitive functions from intrauterine methylmercury exposure 査読

Takashi Yorifuji, Yoko Kado, Midory Higa Diez, Toshihiro Kishikawa, Satoshi Sanada

ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 71 ( 3 ) 170 - 177 2016年

担当区分：筆頭著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD

In the 1950s, large-scale food poisoning caused by methylmercury was identified in Minamata, Japan. Although severe intrauterine exposure cases (ie, congenital Minamata disease patients) are well known, possible impacts of methylmercury exposure in utero among residents, which is likely at lower levels than in congenital Minamata disease patients, are rarely explored. In 2014, the authors examined neurological and neurocognitive functions among 18 exposed participants in Minamata, focusing on fine motor, visuospatial construction, and executive functions. More than half of the participants had some fine motor and coordination difficulties. In addition, several participants had lower performance for neurocognitive function tests (the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure test and Keio version of the Wisconsin card sorting test). These deficits imply diffuse brain damage. This study suggests possible neurological and neurocognitive impacts of prenatal exposure to methylmercury among exposed residents of Minamata.

DOI： 10.1080/19338244.2015.1080153

Epidemiological studies of neurological signs and symptoms and blood pressure in populations near the industrial methylmercury contamination at Minamata, Japan 査読

Takashi Yorifuji, Toshihide Tsuda

ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 71 ( 4 ) 231 - 236 2016年

担当区分：筆頭著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD

Severe methylmercury exposure occurred in Minamata, Japan. Only a limited number of epidemiological studies related to that exposure have been carried out. The evidence that methylmercury is cardiotoxic is very limited, and these studies provide only minimal support for that hypothesis. We therefore analyzed the data both from an investigation in Minamata and neighboring communities in 1971 and an investigation in 1974 in another area simultaneously. We included a total of 3,751 participants. We examined the association of residential area with neurological signs or blood pressure using logistic regression or multiple linear regression models, adjusting for sex and age. We found that the prevalence of neurological signs and symptoms was elevated in the Minamata area (high-exposure), followed by the Goshonoura area (medium-exposure). Moreover, blood pressure was elevated in residents of the Minamata area.

DOI： 10.1080/19338244.2015.1084261

Intrauterine Exposure to Methylmercury and Neurocognitive Functions: Minamata Disease 査読

Takashi Yorifuji, Tsuguhiko Kato, Yoko Kado, Akiko Tokinobu, Michiyo Yamakawa, Toshihide Tsuda, Satoshi Sanada

Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health 70 ( 5 ) 297 - 302 2015年9月

Long-Term Effects of Breastfeeding on Children's Hospitalization for Respiratory Tract Infections and Diarrhea in Early Childhood in Japan 査読

Michiyo Yamakawa, Takashi Yorifuji, Tsuguhiko Kato, Sachiko Inoue, Akiko Tokinobu, Toshihide Tsuda, Hiroyuki Doi

MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL 19 ( 9 ) 1956 - 1965 2015年9月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS

Whether or not the protective effects of breastfeeding last during or after a shift to a weaning diet is not clear. In the present study, we examined the effects of breastfeeding on hospitalization for respiratory tract infections and diarrhea in early childhood in Japan. Data were extracted from a nationwide longitudinal survey of Japanese children. We restricted the study participants to singleton children who were born after 37 gestational weeks and whose information on feeding practice during infancy were included (n = 43,367). We used logistic regression models to evaluate the associations of breastfeeding with hospitalization for the two diseases among young children (i.e., between ages 6 and 18 months, between ages 18 and 30 months, and between ages 30 and 42 months, respectively), adjusting for children's factors (sex, birth weight, childcare attendance and presence of siblings) and maternal factors (educational attainment and smoking status). Breastfeeding compared with infant formula was not associated with reduced risk of hospitalization for diarrhea during the periods we examined. Although breastfeeding was not associated with reduced risk of hospitalization for respiratory tract infections between ages 6 and 18 months, breastfeeding showed protective effects after that period: the adjusted odds ratios (95 % confidence intervals) of exclusive breastfeeding were 0.82 (0.66-1.01) between ages 18 and 30 months and 0.76 (0.58-0.99) between ages 30 and 42 months. Breastfeeding may have long-term protective effects on hospitalization for respiratory tract infections after infancy, but not for diarrhea.

DOI： 10.1007/s10995-015-1703-4

Breast-feeding and hospitalization for asthma in early childhood: a nationwide longitudinal survey in Japan 査読

Michiyo Yamakawa, Takashi Yorifuji, Tsuguhiko Kato, Yoshitada Yamauchi, Hiroyuki Doi

PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION 18 ( 10 ) 1756 - 1761 2015年7月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS

Objective: Whether or not breast-feeding is protective against asthma among children is still controversial. Therefore, we examined the effects of breast-feeding on hospitalization for asthma in early childhood.
Design: Secondary data analyses of a nationwide longitudinal survey of children in Japan ongoing since 2001, with results collected from 2001 to 2004. We used logistic regression models to evaluate the associations of breast-feeding with hospitalization for asthma in children between the ages of 6 and 42 months, adjusting for children's factors (sex, day-care attendance and presence of older siblings) and maternal factors (educational attainment and smoking habit).
Setting: All over Japan.
Subjects: Term singleton children with information on feeding practices during infancy (n 43 367).
Results: After adjusting for maternal factors and children's factors, exclusive breast-feeding at 6-7 months of age was associated with decreased risk of hospitalization for asthma in children. The adjusted odds ratio was 0.77 (95 % CI 0.56, 1.06). One-month longer duration of breast-feeding was associated with a 4 % decreased risk of hospitalization for asthma (OR= 0.96; 95 % CI 0.92, 0.99).
Conclusions: The protective effects of breast-feeding on hospitalization for asthma were observed in children between the ages of 6 and 42 months.

DOI： 10.1017/S1368980014002407

Health Impact Assessment of PM10 and PM2.5 in 27 Southeast and East Asian Cities 査読

Takashi Yorifuji, Sanghyuk Bae, Saori Kashima, Toshihide Tsuda, Hiroyuki Doi, Yasushi Honda, Ho Kim, Yun-Chul Hong

JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE 57 ( 7 ) 751 - 756 2015年7月

担当区分：筆頭著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS

Objective:
We aimed to evaluate the annual health impacts of particulate matter (PM) less than 10 mu m diameter (PM10) and less than 2.5-mu m diameter (PM2.5) in 27 cities in Southeast and East Asian countries (Japan, the Philippines, the Republic of Korea, Singapore, and Vietnam) for the year 2009 (n = 50,756,699).
Methods:
We estimated the number of cases attributable to long-term exposure. We used a scenario that reduced the annual mean values for PM10 and PM2.5 to 20 and 10 mu g/m(3), respectively.
Results:
A reduction in long-term exposure to PM10 and PM2.5 would have postponed 8% to 9% of all-cause mortality or about 37,000 deaths. One third of them were associated with cardiopulmonary mortality and one ninth of them were associated with lung cancer mortality.
Conclusions:
Current air pollution levels in Southeast and East Asian countries have a nonnegligible public health impact.

DOI： 10.1097/JOM.0000000000000485

Non-Linear Concentration-Response Relationships between Ambient Ozone and Daily Mortality 査読

Sanghyuk Bae, Youn-Hee Lim, Saori Kashima, Takashi Yorifuji, Yasushi Honda, Ho Kim, Yun-Chul Hong

PLOS ONE 10 ( 6 ) ee0129423 2015年6月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE

Background
Ambient ozone (O-3) concentration has been reported to be significantly associated with mortality. However, linearity of the relationships and the presence of a threshold has been controversial.
Objectives
The aim of the present study was to examine the concentration-response relationship and threshold of the association between ambient O-3 concentration and non-accidental mortality in 13 Japanese and Korean cities from 2000 to 2009.
Methods
We selected Japanese and Korean cities which have population of over 1 million. We constructed Poisson regression models adjusting daily mean temperature, daily mean PM10, humidity, time trend, season, year, day of the week, holidays and yearly population. The association between O-3 concentration and mortality was examined using linear, spline and linear-threshold models. The thresholds were estimated for each city, by constructing linear-threshold models. We also examined the city-combined association using a generalized additive mixed model.
Results
The mean O-3 concentration did not differ greatly between Korea and Japan, which were 26.2 ppb and 24.2 ppb, respectively. Seven out of 13 cities showed better fits for the spline model compared with the linear model, supporting a non-linear relationships between O-3 concentration and mortality. All of the 7 cities showed J or U shaped associations suggesting the existence of thresholds. The range of city-specific thresholds was from 11 to 34 ppb. The city-combined analysis also showed a non-linear association with a threshold around 30-40 ppb.
Conclusion
We have observed non-linear concentration-response relationship with thresholds between daily mean ambient O-3 concentration and daily number of non-accidental death in Japanese and Korean cities.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0129423

Poor toddler-age sleep schedules predict school-age behavioral disorders in a longitudinal survey 査読国際誌

Kobayashi K, Yorifuji T, Yamakawa M, Oka M, Inoue S, Yoshinaga H, Doi H

Brain Dev 37 ( 6 ) 572 - 578 2015年6月

Cancer and non-cancer excess mortality resulting from mixed exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and polychlorinated dibenzofurans from contaminated rice oil: "Yusho" 査読

Saori Kashima, Takashi Yorifuji, Toshihide Tsuda, Akira Eboshida

INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 88 ( 4 ) 419 - 430 2015年5月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：SPRINGER

In 1968, rice oil contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls and polychlorinated dibenzofurans caused a severe outbreak of food poisoning in Japan and was termed locally as "Yusho" (oil disease). In our previous study, we found that area-based standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) of some diseases were elevated shortly after the incident. This previous study, however, was unable to determine whether these elevated SMRs were a result of other area-specific factors. To overcome this limitation, we obtained mortality data from the 5 years before the incident and conducted an area-based study using vital statistics records dating from 1963 to 2002.
The population of Nagasaki Prefecture was set as the reference population for calculating SMRs. We also included data on cause-specific mortality attributable to cancer and expanded the population to encompass two severely exposed areas where contaminated rice oil was distributed (namely Tamanoura and Naru). We also calculated SMRs in the remainder of the Shimo-Goto region, excluding the exposed area, which was used as a comparison area.
Even after considering the time trends in mortality before the incident, mortality due to diabetes mellitus and heart disease, as well as all-cause mortality, was found to be elevated shortly afterward. Additionally, mortalities due to uterine cancer in Tamanoura and leukemia were also elevated at 30-34 and 10-59 years after the event in both exposed areas, respectively. SMRs for leukemia in Tamanoura were as high as 3.0 (95 % confidence interval 1.4-6.2) and 2.4 (1.2-4.8) 10-19 years later. In this period, SMRs for leukemia in the comparison area were not elevated.
Further epidemiological studies are needed regarding this rice-oil, "Yusho" outbreak, especially with regard to cancer and non-cancer mortality.

DOI： 10.1007/s00420-014-0966-1

Residential proximity to major roads and obstetrical complications 査読

Takashi Yorifuji, Hiroo Naruse, Saori Kashima, Takeshi Murakoshi, Hiroyuki Doi

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 508 188 - 192 2015年3月

担当区分：筆頭著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

Exposure to air pollution is linked with an increased risk of preterm births. To provide further evidence on this relationship, we evaluated the association between proximity to major roads-as an index for air pollution exposure-and various obstetrical complications. Data were extracted from a database maintained by the perinatal hospital in Shizuoka, Japan. We restricted the analysis to mothers with singleton pregnancies of more than 22 weeks of gestation from 1997 to 2012 (n = 19,077). Using the geocoded residential information, each mother was assigned proximity to major roads. We then estimated multivariate adjusted odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the effects of proximity to major roads on various obstetrical complications (preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, placenta abruption, placenta previa, preterm premature rupture of membrane (pPROM), preterm labor, and preterm births). We found positive associations of proximity to major roads with preeclampsia and pPROM. Living within 200 m increased the odds of preeclampsia by 1.3 times (95% CI, 1.0-1.8) and pPROM by 1.6 times (95% CI, 1.1-2.2). Furthermore, living within 200 m increased the odds of preterm births by 1.4 fold (95% CI, 1.2-1.7). Exposure to traffic-related air pollution increased the risk of preeclampsia and pPROM in this study. We propose a mechanism responsible for the association between air pollution and preterm births. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.11.077

Outdoor air pollution and term low birth weight in Japan 査読

Takashi Yorifuji, Saori Kashima, Hiroyuki Doi

ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 74 106 - 111 2015年1月

担当区分：筆頭著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD

Introduction: Evidence has accumulated on the association between ambient air pollution and adverse birth outcomes. However, most of the previous studies were conducted in geographically distinct areas and suffer from lack of important potential covariates. We examined the effect of ambient air pollution on term low birth weight (LBW) using data from a nationwide population-based longitudinal survey in Japan that began in 2001.
Methods: We restricted participants to term singletons (n = 44,109). Air pollution concentrations during the 9 months before birth were obtained at the municipality level and were assigned to the participants who were born in the corresponding municipality. We conducted multilevel logistic regression analyses adjusting for individual and municipality-level variables.
Results: We found that air pollution exposure during pregnancy was positively associated with the risk of term LBW. In the fully adjusted models, odds ratios following one interquartile range increase in each pollutant were 1.09 (95% confidence interval: 1.00, 1.19) for suspended particulate matter (SPM), 1.11 (0.99, 1.26) for nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and 1.71 (1.18, 2.46) for sulfur dioxide (SO2). Specifically, effect estimates for SPM and NO2 exposure at the first trimester were higher than those at other trimesters, while SO2 was associated with the risk at all trimesters. Nonsmoking mothers were more susceptible to SPM and NO2 exposure compared with smoking mothers.
Conclusions: Ambient air pollution increases the risk of term LBW in amationally representative sample in Japan. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.envint.2014.09.003

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