Faculty Profiles - TANAKA Tomoko

Papers - TANAKA Tomoko

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Individualism - Collectivism and High - Low Context, and the Relation with Adaptation in Japanese Students Reviewed

Shimoda Yukina, Tanaka Tomoko

Multicultural Relations 3 33 - 52 2006

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japan Society for Multicultural Relations

Cultural distances of Individualism-Collectivism and High-Low context are supposed to play an important role for cross-cultural adaptation of international students in Japan. A series of survey have been conducted for the comparison between guest and host groups. In this survey Japanese students as the host group sample in comparison with international students are investigated on these dimensions. Japanese students evaluated 1)themselves and 2)other Japanese people concerning: A)Individualism-Collectivism and B) High-Low context. People with higher or similar collectivistic orientation showed better adaptation to human relations and Japanese norms. People with higher or similar high-context tendencies showed better adaptation to human relations and Japanese norms. People with higher high-context tendencies showed better adaptation to human relations. Japanese students with higher collectivistic and high-context tendencies supposedly have an advantage adapting to Japanese culture.

DOI： 10.20657/jsmrejournal.3.0_33

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ソーシャルスキル学習を取り入れた異文化間教育の試み Reviewed

田中共子, 中島美奈子

異文化間教育 24 28 - 37 2006

Social skills for enhancing interpersonal relationships with the elderly: through three characteristic relationships Reviewed

The Japanese journal of health behavioral science 21 197 - 217 2006

臨床心理学と社会心理学の接点におけるストレス研究：異文化ストレス Reviewed

田中共子

ストレス科学 19 ( 4 ) 42 - 48 2005

Cognition of aging in the elderly: A qualitative study on aging and adaptation Reviewed

Yoshida Kaoru, Tanaka Tomoko

The Japanese Journal of Health Psychology 18 ( 1 ) 45 - 54 2005

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japanese Association of Health Psychology

The subjective cognition of aging by the elderly was investigated using the qualitative research method of semi-structured interviews. We selected ten healthy elderly people as informants (interviewees) that were aged 65 years or more, and lived independently (Male = 7, Female = 3, Age: M = 72.4, SD = 5.52). Results were suggestive of two kinds of aging. Those that thought, "The classification that I am an old person depends on the social system, but I am not actually old "were classified as "the socially aged." Those that thought, "I recognize that I am really old " were classified as the "the subjectively aged". These results indicate the need to be attentive to individual aspects of aging. Moreover, these cognitive patterns suggest ways of adapting to aging. The cognition that regarded aging as inevitable, natural, and common was classified as "adaptive acceptance".

DOI： 10.11560/jahp.18.1_45

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JLC/20005431951?from=CiNii

Caregivers of bedridden elderly people with senile dementia: A stress-support model Reviewed

Hyodo Yoshimi, Tanaka Koji, Tanaka Tomoko

The Japanese Journal of Health Psychology 16 ( 2 ) 30 - 43 2003

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japanese Association of Health Psychology

The relation between caregiver stresses and stress relieving factors was investigated based on questionnaire data collected from 239 of 551 members in caregiver groups with bedridden and/or demented elderly in their families. A caregiver stress support model was proposed using a multifactorial analysis. Correlations among stressors (degree of help, profession of caregiver), the first evaluation of stress (burden), the second evaluation of stress (mental health: burnout, fatigue, self satisfaction), and mediation factors (social support, coping methods) were examined.<br>It was found that burden as the first evaluation is positively affected by the degree of dementia and the age of the elderly person, and personal relations with caregiver groups and sub-caregivers provide a negative correlation. Burnout as the second evaluation is positively correlated with burden and evasive coping (emotional discharge). Fatigue is reduced by sub-caregivers, and self satisfaction increases with coping responses toward problem solving. The stress relieving effect of social support was found to partially reduce burnout, but had only a limited effect in promoting mental health.

DOI： 10.11560/jahp.16.2_30

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JLC/20005431784?from=CiNii

日本人学生と留学生の対人関係形成の困難に関する原因認知の比較 Reviewed

田中共子

学生相談研究（査読あり） 2003

高齢者の在宅介護者の認知的成長段階に関する一考察 Reviewed

田中共子, 兵藤好美, 田中宏二

質的心理学研究 2002

The function of the social support network for caregivers : Family, friends, neighbors, and professionals Reviewed

TANAKA Tomoko, HYODO Yoshimi, TANAKA Koji

Japanese Journal of Social Psychology 18 ( 1 ) 39 - 50 2002

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japanese Society of Social Psychology

This study analyzed 251 completed questionnaires concerning the social support network of caregivers for elderly family members. The hierarchy of social support resources was assumed to be in the order of co-resident family members, non-resident family members, friends, and neighbors to professional caregivers. Using the subcategory comparison method showed that a lower member compensates for a higher member's absence for emotional and instrumental support, and thus a hierarchical compensation model was supported. Social support network members conformed to the task specificity model regarding emotional, minor and major instrumental support, companionship, and informational support. Further, for companionship and informational support, particular resources indicated that compensation depends upon task specificity. Therefore, revision of the hierarchical compensation model is suggested. Caregiver levels of life satisfaction in cases of coresident family support are than those of non-resident family support. The importance of family support, the possibilities of compensation, and the differences of social support networks that depend on the relationships between caregivers and caretakers, are discussed.

DOI： 10.14966/jssp.KJ00003722515

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Roles of social support and social skills in the intercultural adjustment of Japanese adolescent sojourners in the USA Reviewed

T Yashima, T Tanaka

PSYCHOLOGICAL REPORTS 88 ( 3 ) 1201 - 1210 2001.6

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：PSYCHOLOGICAL REPORTS

Intercultural adjustment of Japanese high school students who sojourned in the United States for one year is the focus of the study. Building relationships with host nationals using limited English competency is the challenge that seems basic to successful adjustment to life in the USA. A path model was constructed in which English competence leads to better social skills, which in turn affects the amount of social support gained from host nationals. This model was tested through structural equation modeling, and the model's fit to the data was satisfactory. The predictive roles of English proficiency and personality were suggested in a supplementary analysis.

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"Models of Health and Illness Behavior in Japan", Invited Symposium :"Models of Health and Illness Behavior in Japan", Invited Symposium :Mental Health of Elderly People in the Community: The Aging Stress-Support Model Invited

Koji Tanaka, Tomoko Tanaka

Japanese Health Psychology 8,26-28 2001

Social support and intercultural adjustment of adolescent Japanese sojourners in the U.S.A. Reviewed

Journal of intercultural communication 3 ( 3 ) 99 - 113[含英語文要旨] 1999

第二言語使用者のソーシャル・スキルと異文化適応 Reviewed

八島智子, 田中共子

ことばとコミュニケーション 2 14 - 26 1999

在日留学生の異文化適応-ソーシャル・サポート・ネットワーク研究の視点から Invited

田中共子

教育心理学年報 37 143 - 152 1998

高齢者へのサポート介入に関する研究:エイジングストレス・サポートモデルによる高齢者の精神的健康に関する研究. Reviewed

兵藤好美, 田中宏二, 田中共子

健康心理学研究 11 1 - 15 1998

Effects of social networks on cross-cultural adjustment Reviewed

T Tanaka, J Takai, T Kohyama, T Fujihara, H Minami

JAPANESE PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 39 ( 1 ) 12 - 24 1997.3

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：BLACKWELL PUBL LTD

A total of 221 responses were obtained from a survey of international students In Japan, regarding the facilitative effects of social network formation on their adjustment. Regression analyses were conducted to explore the relationships among four types of adjustment revealed in a preceding study (''general adjustment,'' ''self-control,'' ''affiliative'' and ''dependent''), network size, demographic variables, expected social support, etc. For each adjustment type, predictive variables were identified Two of the variables that showed network effects on adjustment were Japanese language proficiency and race (Asians vs. Westerners). From these results, it would appear that social network formation does facilitate adjustment, and insight into the effect of adjustment type and demographic variables on network functions was obtained. Furthermore, the actual conditions regarding network formation of international students in japan were revealed.

DOI： 10.1111/1468-5884.00032

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Theories and Proposals Regarding the Preparation and Creation of Teaching Materials Aimed at Promoting Japanese Cultural Understanding : With an Emphasis on the Comprehension of Dialogue in Social Context Reviewed

TANAKA Tomoko, SHIN Kimie

Japanese-language education around the globe ; Japanese language education around the globe 6 ( 6 ) 13 - 34 1996.5

ソーシャル・スキル訓練を取り入れた英語教育 Reviewed

八島智子, 田中共子

異文化間教育 ( 10 ) 150 - 166 1996

Social Networks of International Students in Japan : Perceived Social Support and Relationship Satisfaction (共著) Reviewed

Tomoko Tanaka, Jiro Takai, Takaya Kohyama, Hirofumi Minami, Takehiro Fujihara

The Japanese Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 34 ( 1 ) 1 - 11 1994

Adjustment patterns of international students in Japan Reviewed

Tomoko Tanaka, Jiro Takai, Takaya Kohyama, Takehiro Fujihara

International Journal of Intercultural Relations 18 ( 1 ) 55 - 75 1994

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Cross-cultural adjustment of international students in Japan was approached through a comprehensive questionnaire that looked at various aspects of adjustment. Some 237 students of various national backgrounds participated in the study. Four factors of adjustment were attained: general adjustment, internally controlled adjustment, affiliation adjustment, and externally dependent adjustment. These four facets were analyzed with respect to several demographic traits of respondents. Some of the more important findings include the following: Asian subjects generally were less adjusted than those of Western and Latin American cultures
U-curve patterns with time were not evident in three of the four factors
those more proficient in the Japanese language did not prove to be generally better off than those less fortunate
and scholarship recipients were better adjusted than those relying on private sources for funding. © 1994.

DOI： 10.1016/0147-1767(94)90004-3

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