Faculty Profiles - TAKASHIBA Shogo

Papers - TAKASHIBA Shogo

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The S-layer protein fromCampylobacter rectus: sequence determination and function of the recombinant protein Reviewed International journal

Manabu Miyamoto, Hiroshi Maeda, Michitaka Kitanaka, Susumu Kokeguchi, Shogo Takashiba, Yoji Murayama

FEMS Microbiology Letters 166 ( 2 ) 275 - 281 1998.9

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Oxford University Press (OUP)

The gene encoding the crystalline surface layer (S-layer) protein from Campylobacter rectus, designated sip, was sequenced and the recombinant gene product was expressed in Escherichia coli. The gene consisted of 4086 nucleotides encoding a protein with 1361 amino acids. The N-terminal amino acid sequence revealed that Sip did not contain a signal sequence, but that the initial methionine residue was processed. The deduced amino acid sequence displayed some common characteristic features of S-layer proteins previously reported. A homology search showed a high similarity to the Campylobacter fetus S-layer proteins, especially in their N-terminus. The C-terminal third of Sip exhibited homology with the RTX toxins from Gram-negative bacteria via the region including the glycine-rich repeats. The Sip protein had the same N-terminal sequence as a 104-kDa cytotoxin isolated from the culture supernatants of C. rectus. However, neither native nor recombinant Sip showed cytotoxicity against HL-60 cells or human peripheral white blood cells. These data support the idea that the N-terminus acts as an anchor to the cell surface components and that the C-terminus is involved in the assembly and/or transport of the protein. (C) 1998 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1998.tb13901.x

Periodontal disease as a complication of diabetes mellitus. Invited Reviewed International journal

Nishimura F, Takahashi K, Kurihara M, Takashiba S, Murayama Y

Annals of periodontology / the American Academy of Periodontology 3 ( 1 ) 20 - 29 1998.7

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：1

Based on our clinical observations that patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) are subject to periodontal disease, we developed the hypothesis that hyper- or hypoglycemia might contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic periodontitis. In this article, experimental facts that substantiate this hypothesis are presented on the basis of our studies and then discussed. Hyperglycemia progressively glycates body proteins, forming advanced glycation end products (AGE), which stimulate phagocytes to release inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha and IL-6. In this context, to understand the effects of hyperglycemic episodes on periodontal health, 24 adolescent IDDM patients were examined for their periodontal status, and 3 of them were found to have periodontitis. Laboratory analyses on these 3 patients revealed that 2 had elevated serum TNF-alpha levels. These results may partly support the current hypothesis of a mechanism of diabetic complications in which abnormal cytokine levels induced by AGE could exacerbate inflammatory responses. In IDDM patients, the diabetes is often accompanied not only by hyperglycemic episodes but also by iatrogenic hypoglycemia. Periodontal ligament cells (PDL) cultured under hyperglycemic conditions were impaired in such biological functions as adhesion and motility, while cells cultured under hypoglycemic conditions (10 mg/dL) gradually dissociated from their anchor and underwent cell death. These phenomena correlated well with the expression profile of fibronectin receptor. Interestingly, these changes due to the different glucose levels were observed more intensively in PDL than in other fibroblastic cells, suggesting that the biological functions of PDL are easily led to impairment by variation or rapid fluctuation of glucose levels. These observations suggest that hyperglycemia could indirectly exacerbate inflammatory tissue destruction through the body's scavenger system against AGE, and that both hyper- and hypoglycemia might directly impair the biological functions of periodontal connective tissues through cell-matrix interactions.

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Comparative study of two outer membrane protein genes from Porphyromonas gingivalis Reviewed International journal

H Hongyo, S Kokeguchi, H Kurihara, M Miyamoto, H Maeda, S Takashiba, Y Murayama

MICROBIOS 95 ( 381 ) 91 - 100 1998

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：FACULTY PRESS

A periodontal pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis possesses either a 53 kD (Ag53) or a 67 kD (Ag67) outer membrane protein (OMP). Almost all sera from patients with periodontal diseases reacted strongly with either Ag53 or Ag67. In previous work the cloning and sequencing of the 53 kD outer membrane protein gene designated pga53 from Fl gingivalis FDC381, was reported and the presence of a gene homologous to pga53 in Fl gingivalis ATCC 33277 demonstrated. In the present work this pga53-homologous gene from Fl gingivalis ATCC 33277 was isolated and characterized. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that this gene encoded Ag67, and the gene was designated pga67. The deduced amino acid sequence and composition of pga67 was similar to the amino acid composition and N-terminal partial sequence of Ag67. An open reading frame of pga67 consisted of 1,692 nucleotides encoded as 564 amino acids, including a 49 amino acid signal sequence. The comparative analysis between pga67 and pga53 revealed that (1) the deduced amino acid sequence showed a 30.1% homology; (2) signal sequence and proline-rich regions at the C-terminus were the most conserved regions; (3) considerable differences were found mainly in the middle part of the OMPs; and (4) obvious differences in the two-dimensional models were evoked. These differences between pga67 and pga53 may explain the antigenic diversity between Ag67 and Ag53 OMPs.

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The inhibition of DNA synthesis by prostaglandin E<inf>2</inf> in human gingival fibroblasts is independent of the cyclic AMP-protein kinase A signal transduction pathway Reviewed

Arai, H., Nomura, Y., Kinoshita, M., Nishimura, F., Takigawa, M., Takahashi, K., Washio, N., Takashiba, S., Murayama, Y.

Journal of Periodontal Research 33 ( 1 ) 1998

Host Defensive, Immunological, and Microbiological Observations of an Early-Onset Periodontitis Patient With Virus-Associated Hemophagocytic Syndrome Reviewed

Takayuki Kono, Masayuki Takigawa, Fusanori Nishimura, Shogo Takashiba, Masatsugu Nakagawa, Hiroshi Maeda, Hideo Arai, Atsushi Nagai, Hidemi Kurihara, Yoji Murayama

Journal of Periodontology 68 ( 12 ) 1223 - 1230 1997.12

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Wiley

VIRUS-ASSOCIATED HEMOPHAGOCYTIC SYNDROME (VAHS) is a disorder characterized by benign generalized histiocytic proliferation and marked hemophagocytosis associated with systemic viral infection. An immunodeficiency which includes an extremely decreased leukocyte and platelet count together with abnormalities in the CD4/CD8 ratio are the most common features of VAHS. Here we report an early-onset periodontitis (EOP) patient with VAHS from the standpoint of host-parasite interaction to understand the effect of this systemic disorder which might possibly influence susceptibility to periodontal disease. The patient is a 16-year-old Japanese male clinically diagnosed as having generalized EOP with slight gingival inflammation and moderate bone loss. This patient manifested VAHS at 3 years of age, and then had an unusual 4 recurrences (at 5, 7, 11, and 14 years old). Laboratory tests conducted include: 1) complete blood analyses; 2) peripheral neutrophil functions (chemotaxis, phagocytosis, superoxide production, and adherence); 3) peripheral lymphocyte subpopulations and functions, T-cell proliferative activity and productivity of cytokines (interleukin-2 [IL-2], interferon gamma [IFN-gamma], and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-alpha]); 4) serum cytokine levels cn. Ip, IL-2, soluble IL-2 receptor [sIL-2R], IL-4, IL-6, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha; 5) serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody titers against periodontopathic bacteria; 6) serological human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing; and 7) determination of bacterial flora of the periodontal pockets. The results indicated that the patient's neutrophil chemotaxis and random migration were below the normal range. In lymphocyte examinations, T-cell proliferative activity, IL-2, and IFN-gamma productivity were elevated. Serum IFN-gamma level was also significantly higher than normal range. No specific periodontopathic bacteria were predominant in the periodontal pockets, however, the serum IgG titer against Porphyromonas gingivalis was elevated throughout the examination period. It is suggested that VAHS might be a possible risk factor for periodontal disease, and hence may serve as a model in understanding the role of host defense mechanisms in the establishment of inflammatory periodontal disease.

DOI： 10.1902/jop.1997.68.12.1223

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Comparison of in vitro proliferative capacity of human periodontal ligament cells in juvenile and aged donors Reviewed International journal

F. Nishimura, V. P. Terranova, M. Braithwaite, R. Orman, H. Ohyama, J. Mineshiba, H. H. Chou, S. Takashiba, Y. Murayama

Oral Diseases 3 ( 3 ) 162 - 166 1997.9

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：3

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to compare the in vitro proliferative capacity of periodontal ligament (PDL) cells from aged and juvenile donors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Flow-cytometric analysis of the cell cycle was used to compare the length of each cell cycle, and the ratio of the cells progressing through the cycles between four PDL cells from juvenile donors and four cells from aged donors. Then, replicative capacity of the PDL cells from three juvenile and three aged donors was compared by serial cultures. Finally, expression of c-fos was compared between cells proliferating and cells which had reached senescent. RESULTS: Flow- cytometric analysis of the cell cycle had revealed that although there were no differences in the length of each phase of the cell cycle, significant differences were found in the ratio of the cells entering from Gap I to DNA synthesis phase of the cell cycle (P &lt
0.025). Replicative capacity was much longer in two cells from juvenile donors (about 20 population doublings), while all cells from aged donors showed short dividing abilities (less than eight population doublings), hence entered senescent phases shortly. Additionally, no c-fos was detected in cells which had reached senescence upon stimulation with serum. CONCLUSIONS: It is generally believed that aged humans have an impaired wound healing ability. We believe that more fibrotic PDL tissues seen in aged humans might be the reason for this, and suggest that this phenomena might be due to the progressive accumulation of senescent cell populations.

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Clinical Evaluation of a Calcium Phosphate Cement Implanted in Human Alveolar Bone Defects Reviewed

SHINOHARA Hiroyuki, KIDO Jun-ichi, NISHIKAWA Seiji, NISHIMURA Yasuyoshi, ISHIDA Hiroshi, WAKANO Yoichi, NAGATA Toshihiko, NAKAGAWA Masatsugu, KONO Takayuki, ARAI Hideo, NISHIMURA Fusanori, TAKASHIBA Shogo, KURIHARA Hidemi, MURAYAMA Yoji

40 ( 4 ) 975 - 984 1997.8

Effect of TNF-α on DNA Synthesis and Extracellular Matrix Protein Synthesis in Human Gingival Fibroblasts Reviewed

Higuchi Yutaka, Takigawa Masayuki, Arai Hideo, Washio Norifumi, Ohe Hyogo, Nishimura Fusanori, Shimizu Hideki, Nomura Yoshio, Takashiba Shogo, Murayama Yoji

Journal of the Japanese Association of Periodontology 39 ( 2 ) 264 - 272 1997.6

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japanese Society of Periodontology

Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is one of proinflammatory cytokines produced as early inflammatory responses, and is suggested to participate in the establishment of inflammatory lesions. To understand the regulatory role of TNF-α on periodontal connective tissue, we evaluated the effect of TNF-α on DNA synthesis, collagenous and non-collagenous protein synthesis, prostaglandin E_2 (PGE_2) productivity, and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-A chain mRNA expression in human gingival fibroblasts (HGF). Results indicated that 1) TNF-α promoted DNA synthesis, both collagenous and non-collagenous protein synthesis in HGF, 2) TNF-α markedly enhanced PGE_2 production in HGF, 3) inhibition of PGE_2 synthesis by the addition of indomethacin, further augmented the ability of DNA synthesis and collagenous and non-collagenous protein synthesis in HGF, and 4) TNF-α enhanced the expression of PDGF-A chain mRNA in HGF. These results suggest that TNF-α enhances the DNA synthesis and extracellular matrix protein synthesis in HGF, but endogenous PGE_2 which is induced by TNF-α, partially blocks these effects. Furthermore, the enhancement of DNA synthesis in response to TNF-α could be possibly mediated by autocrine PDGF.

DOI： 10.2329/perio.39.264

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Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/1997240849

Molecular cloning and characterization of the gene encoding 53 kD outer membrane protein of Porphyromonas gingivalis Reviewed International journal

H Hongyo, H Kurihara, S Kokeguchi, M Miyamoto, H Maeda, M Hayakawa, Y Abiko, S Takashiba, Y Murayama

MICROBIOS 92 ( 370 ) 47 - 57 1997

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：FACULTY PRESS

The pga53 gene which encoded the antigenic 53 kD outer membrane protein (Ag53) was isolated from a genomic DNA library of Porphyromonas gingivalis FDC381 by using an Ag53-immunized rabbit serum. Determination of its complete nucleotide sequence revealed that the precursor of Ag53 had a 50 amino-acid putative signal sequence and the mature protein of 448 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence after a 50 amino-acid putative signal sequence was in complete agreement with the first 20 N-terminal amino acids of purified Ag53. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence revealed the presence of a highly hydrophilic proline-rich region at the C-terminal of Ag53. The deduced amino acid sequence showed 29.9% homology with that of a 72 kD cell-surface protein in P. gingivalis. Southern hybridization revealed that pga53 was specific to several P. gingivalis strains and that P. gingivalis strains which did not possess Ag53 had genes homologous to pga53.

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The regulatory effect of fermentable sugar levels on the production of leukotoxin by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Reviewed

Mizoguchi, K, Ohta, H, Miyagi, A, Kurihara, H, Takashiba, S, Kato, K, Murayama, Y, Fukui, K

Fems Microbiology Letters 146 ( 1 ) 1997

Inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B subunit p65 mRNA accumulation in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human monocytic cells treated with sodium salicylate Reviewed

S. Takashiba, T. E. Dyke, S. Amar

Oral Microbiology and Immunology 11 ( 6 ) 420 - 424 1996.12

Host Defensive Functions in a Family Manifesting Early-Onset Periodontitis Reviewed International journal

Hideo Arai, Toshihiro Chihara, Keiso Takahashi, Atsushi Nagai, Isao Akutsu, Shogo Takashiba, Fusanori Nishimura, Hidemi Kurihara, Yoji Murayama

Journal of Periodontology 67 ( 4 ) 433 - 442 1996.4

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Wiley

FAMILY CASE STUDIES HELP US IDENTIFY host risk factors in periodontal disease. In this study we examine a family consisting of a mother (40 years old, with rapidly progressive periodontitis), her elder daughter (14 years old, with localized juvenile periodontitis), and younger daughter (13 years old, with simple gingivitis). We examined 1) the peripheral neutrophil functions (chemotactic migration, phagocytosis, superoxide production); 2) lymphocyte functions (proliferative activity and cytokine productivity of T cells, immunoglobulin [Ig] M productivity of B cells when stimulated with pokeweed mitogen); 3) phenotypic analyses of peripheral lymphocyte subpopulations; 4) serum IgG antibody titers against periodontopathic bacteria; and 5) serological type of HLA class IS. All the subjects exhibited high T4/T8 ratios due to high percentage of CD4-positive cells, showed high IgG titers to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, and had a HLA DQw1 in common. The mother showed a slight deficiency of neutrophil chemotactic migration to N-formyl methyonyl leucyl phenylalanin (fMLP), raised interleukin-2 productivity of T cell, and high levels of IgG titers to Porphyromonus gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Both daughters showed weak T cell proliferative response to anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody and low IgM productivity. Low lymphocyte responsiveness may be involved in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease of these daughters; therefore, the lymphocyte dysfunctions shown should be considered in relation to the progression of periodontal disease.

DOI： 10.1902/jop.1996.67.4.433

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Clinical and Laboratory Studies on a Patient With Early Onset Periodontitis and Her Family Members. A Case Report Reviewed

Keiso Takahashi, Masayuki Takigawa, Hiroaki Hara, Atsushi Nagai, Shogo Takashiba, Fusanori Nishimura, Toshihiro Chibara, Hideki Ohyama, Nobuhiko Satoh, Hidemi Kurihara, Yoji Murayama

Journal of Periodontology 66 ( 5 ) 403 - 412 1995.5

Clinical, Microbiological and Immunological Studies on a Patient with Rapidly Progressive Periodontitis Reviewed

MYOKAI Fumio, FUJITA Naoko, NAGAI Atsushi, ISOSHIMA Osamu, GOTO Hiroyuki, HONGYO Hiroshi, CHIHARA Toshihiro, SHIMIZU Naoko, TANIMOTO Ichiro, OHYAMA Hideki, SATO Nobuhiko, TAKASHIBA Shogo, KOBAYASHI Yoshitomo, MIYAMOTO Manabu, KURIHARA Hidemi, MURAYAMA Yoji

38 ( 1 ) 180 - 188 1995.2

Prostaglandin E2 Inhibits Interleukin-6 Release But Not Its Transcription in Human Gingival Fibroblasts Stimulated With Interleukin-1β or Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Reviewed

Masayuki Takigawa, Shogo Takashiba, Keiso Takahashi, Hideo Arai, Hidemi Kurihara, Yoji Murayama

Journal of Periodontology 65 ( 12 ) 1122 - 1127 1994.12

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Wiley

INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS PRODUCED BY HUMAN GINGIVAL FIBROBLASTS (HGF) have been implicated in the initiation and progression of periodontal disease. The purpose of this study was to examine whether prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), which is produced in abundance from HGF after stimulation with interleukin (IL)-1 beta or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), could regulate IL-6 production by HGF. HGF stimulated with either IL-1 beta or TNF-alpha showed a rapid and dose-dependent increase in IL-6 mRNA accumulation and IL-6 secretion, as demonstrated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis and bioassay. IL-6 secretion from either IL-1 beta- or TNF-alpha-stimulated HGF was enhanced by the inhibition of PGE(2) synthesis with indomethacin. Furthermore, the addition of PGE(2) inhibited IL-6 secretion from these cells. In contrast, indomethacin or PGE(2) did not affect the accumulation of IL-6 mRNA in IL-1 beta-stimulated HGF. These data indicate that IL-6 production by HGF is up-regulated by specific cytokines, IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha, and suggest that this production may be partially down-regulated by endogenous and exogenous PGE(2) at the post-transcriptional level.

DOI： 10.1902/jop.1994.65.12.1122

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Cytokine-Dependent Synergistic Regulation of Interleukin-8 Production From Human Gingival Fibroblasts Reviewed International journal

Masayuki Takigawa, Shogo Takashiba, Fumio Myokai, Keiso Takahashi, Hideo Arai, Hidemi Kurihara, Yoji Murayama

Journal of Periodontology 65 ( 11 ) 1002 - 1007 1994.11

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Wiley

HUMAN GINGIVAL FIBROBLASTS (HGF) may have an important role in the orchestration of immuno participant cells infiltrating the gingiva in response to continuously recurring bacterial infection. To examine the cytokine network regulating HGF-derived interleukin (IL)-8, a potent neutrophil chemotactic cytokine, we analyzed the effects of inflammatory cytokines alone and iii combination on IL-8 production by HGF. IL-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), IL-6, and IL-8 were used as stimulants. HGF secreted IL-8 in a dose-dependent manner after stimulation with either IL-1 beta or TNF-alpha, but not with IFN-gamma or IL-6. Furthermore, IL-8 itself did not affect IL-8 mRNA accumulation in HGF in an autocrine manner, The combination of IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha synergistically enhanced the secretion of IL-8, whereas IFN-gamma suppressed IL-8 secretion by IL-1 beta- or TNF-alpha-stimulated HGF. These effects were also observed at each level of IL-8 mRNA expression in HGF. IL-8 secretion by cytokine-stimulated HGF was not influenced my the inhibition of PGE(2) synthesis with indomethacin, indicating that endogenous PGE(2) was not involved in IL-8 production by HGF. These results indicate that IL-8 production by HGF is synergistically stimulated by specific cytokines, IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha, and suggest that these stimulatory effects are down-regulated by IFN-gamma at the transcriptional let ei through PGE(2)-independent pathways. Thus, neutrophil-mediated processes in periodontal disease may be regulated in part by HGF in the cytokine network of immuno-participant cells.

DOI： 10.1902/jop.1994.65.11.1002

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Molecular Basis of Leukocyte Adhesion Molecules in Early-Onset Periodontitis Patients With Decreased CD11/CD18 Expression on Leukocytes Reviewed International journal

Kyoko Katsuragi, Shogo Takashiba, Hidemi Kurihara, Yoji Murayama

Journal of Periodontology 65 ( 10 ) 949 - 957 1994.10

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Wiley

WE ANALYZED THE CELL-CELL ADHERENCE RELATED to CD11/CD18 and CD18 mRNA in individuals with decreased CD11/CD18 expression on their neutrophil surface. Epstein Barr virus-transformed B cell lines were developed from one localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP) patient with decreased CD11/CD18 in the peripheral blood neutrophils and without systemic diseases; two siblings with generalized prepubertal periodontitis (GPP) caused by leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD); another LJP patient; one localized prepubertal periodontitis (LPP) patient; and two healthy subjects. Adhesion of leukocytes to each other was measured as cluster formation by aggregation assay. The length and the amount of CD18 mRNA expressed in the cell lines were analyzed by Northern blotting using the P-32-labeled CD18 cDNA. The coding region of the mRNA was analyzed by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method. Base-mismatches between CD18 mRNA and the P-32-labeled RNA probe synthesized from CD18 cDNA were analyzed by RNase protection assay. In the adherence assay, cells from the LJP patients with decreased CD11/CD18 formed more clusters of smaller size and fewer cells than those of the other subjects. The cells from GPP and LAD patients did not aggregate and did not form clusters either in the absence or presence of PMA. There were no differences in the length and the amount of mRNA between the LJP patients and the other subjects, while GPP-LAD patients expressed a small amount of long mRNA. The whole coding region (2,313 base pairs) of all subjects was amplified except for the GPP-LAD patients, and the 5'-region (1,119 base pairs) was amplified from all subjects. Base-mismatches were detected on the coding region from 965 to 1,450 nucleotides of CD18 mRNA in GPP-LAD patients. No mismatch was detected on other regions of CD18 mRNA in any subject. These results suggest that the LJP patient with an anomaly of qualitative aggregation related to CD11/CD18 is not related to sequence abnormalities of CD18 mRNA suggesting other mechanisms. In contrast, the adherence defect in two GPP-LAD patients was related to heterogeneous molecular mutations on CD18.

DOI： 10.1902/jop.1994.65.10.949

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An Atypical Site In HLA-DQb1 Detected in Leprosy Patients Reviewed

H OHYAMA, A NAGAI, S TAKASHIBA, K SUGIYAMA, S INOUE, M MIZUSHIMA, A KOHZUMA, Y MURAYAMA

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEPROSY AND OTHER MYCOBACTERIAL DISEASES 62 ( 2 ) 293 - 294 1994.6

Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide stimulation of human monocytes: dependence on serum and CD14 receptor Reviewed International journal

L. Shapira, S. Takashiba, S. Amar, T. E. Dyke

Oral Microbiology and Immunology 9 ( 2 ) 112 - 117 1994.4

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Wiley

The purpose of this study was to investigate factors influencing the ability of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from Porphyromonas gingivalis to elicit secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) from human monocytes (adherent mononuclear cells). The results indicate that P gingivalis LPS stimulation of TNFalpha from monocytes is comparable to LPS from Escherichia coli. Both LPS, although structurally different, increased TNFalpha secretion in a dose-dependent manner. In serum-free conditions, TNFalpha secretion was relatively low, but it dramatically increased at human serum concentrations as low as 1%. Maximal secretion was observed in the presence of 10% serum, with a slight decrease at higher serum concentrations. The CD14 molecule is a putative monocyte LPS receptor. When cells were pre-incubated with a blocking monoclonal antibody (My4) to CD14, TNFalpha-mRNA accumulation and TNFalpha secretion were reduced to control levels at LPS concentrations of up to 10 ng/ml. At higher LPS concentrations, the blocking effect was only partial, in spite of 50-fold excess antibody concentration. The blocking effect was observed only in the presence of serum. The effect of the CD14 antibody was dose-dependent with saturation at 2.5 mug/ml. The results suggest that CD14 is one of the major receptors for P gingivalis LPS but highlight the necessity to investigate other cell-surface receptors mediating P gingivalis-LPS interactions. These interactions are believed to be important in the pathogenesis of periodontal destruction.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1399-302x.1994.tb00044.x

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Role of Cytokine in the Induction of Adhesion Molecules on Cultured Human Gingival Fibroblasts Reviewed International journal

Keiso Takahashi, Masayuki Takigawa, Shogo Takashiba, Atsushi Nagai, Manabu Miyamoto, Hidemi Kurihara, Yoji Murayama

Journal of Periodontology 65 ( 3 ) 230 - 235 1994.3

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Wiley

THIS STUDY WAS UNDERTAKEN IN AN EFFORT to understand the role of cytokines on human gingival fibroblasts and T lymphocyte trafficing into inflamed gingival tissue. Using flow cytometry we examined gingival fibroblasts to determine the level of cell surface expression and the percentage of cells positive for intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), the HLA-DR antigen, lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3 (LFA-3), and the CD44 molecule, which are involved in antigen presentation. The following cytokines were used: interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), IL-6, and IL-8. The levels of ICAM-1 expression were enhanced in a dose- and time-dependent manner by IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, or IFN-gamma, but not by IL-6 or IL-8. HLA-DR surface expression was induced only by IFN-gamma in a dose- and time-dependent manner, but not by the other cytokines tested. In contrast, the expression of LFA3 and the CD44 molecule could be detected without the stimulation of any cytokine, but the levels of their expression were not significantly changed by any cytokines. The enhanced ICAM-1 expression by cytokines was reduced in a time-dependent manner following the removal of cytokines from the reaction mixture, while IFN-gamma-induced HLA-DR expression was maintained even 7 days after the removal of IFN-gamma. These data support an interactive role for inflammatory cytokines and the expression of adhesion molecules on gingival fibroblasts in the pathogenesis of gingival inflammation in periodontal disease.

DOI： 10.1902/jop.1994.65.3.230

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