研究者詳細 - 加来田　博貴

論文 - 加来田　博貴

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RXR Partial Agonist Produced by Side Chain Repositioning of Alkoxy RXR Full Agonist Retains Antitype 2 Diabetes Activity without the Adverse Effects 査読

Kohei Kawata, Ken-ichi Morishita, Mariko Nakayama, Shoya Yamada, Toshiki Kobayashi, Yuki Furusawa, Sakae Arimoto-Kobayashi, Toshitaka Oohashi, Makoto Makishima, Hirotaka Naitou, Erika Ishitsubo, Hiroaki Tokiwa, Akihiro Tai, Hiroki Kakuta

JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 58 ( 2 ) 912 - 926 2015年1月

担当区分：最終著者,　責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：AMER CHEMICAL SOC

We previously reported RXR partial agonist CBt-PMN (1-(3,5,5,8,8-pentamethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthyl)-1H-benzotriazole-5-carboxylic acid: <bold>5</bold>, EC50 = 143 nM, E-max = 75%), which showed a potent glucose-lowering effect without causing serious adverse effects. However, it remains important to elucidate the structural requirements for RXR efficacy and the glucose-lowering effect because RXR-permissive heterodimers such as PPAR/RXR or LXR/RXR are reported to be activated differently depending upon the chemical structure of RXR agonists. In this work, we show that an RXR partial agonist, NEt-4IB (6-[ethyl-(4-isobutoxy-3-isopropylphenyl)amino]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid: <bold>8b</bold>, EC50 = 169 nM, E-max = 55%), can be obtained simply by repositioning the side chains (interchanging the isobutoxy and isopropoxy groups) at the hydrophobic moiety of the RXR full agonist NEt-3IB (6-[ethyl-(3-isobutoxy-4-isopropylphenyl)amino]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid: <bold>7b</bold>, EC50 = 19 nM). NEt-4IB (<bold>8b</bold>) showed antitype 2 diabetes activity without the above side effects upon repeated oral administration to mice at 10 mg/kg/day, similarly to <bold>5</bold>.

DOI： 10.1021/jm501863r

Positron emission tomography to elucidate pharmacokinetic differences of regioisomeric retinoid x receptor agonists 査読

Toshiki Kobayashi, Yuki Furusawa, Shoya Yamada, Masaru Akehi, Fumiaki Takenaka, Takanori Sasaki, Akiya Akahoshi, Takahisa Hanada, Eiji Matsuura, Hiroyuki Hirano, Akihiro Tai, Hiroki Kakuta

ACS medicinal chemistry letters 6 ( 3 ) 334 - 338 2015年

担当区分：最終著者,　責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：AMER CHEMICAL SOC

RXR partial agonist NEt-41B (2a, 6-[ethyl-(4-isobutoxy-3-isopropylphenyl)amino]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid: EC50 = 169 nM, E-max = 55%) showed a blood concentration higher than its Emax after single oral administration at 30 mg/kg to mice, and repeated oral administration at 10 mg/kg/day to KK-A(y) mice afforded antitype 2 diabetes activity without the side effects caused by RXR full agonists. However, RXR full agonist NEt-3IB (la), in which the isobutoxy and isopropyl groups of 2a are interchanged, gave a much lower blood concentration than 2a. Here we used positron emission tomography (PET) with tracers [C-11] la, [C-11]2a and fluorinated derivatives [F-18] lb, [F-18]2b, which have longer half-lives, to examine the reason why la and 2a exhibited significantly different blood concentrations. As a result, the reason for the high blood concentration of 2a after oral administration was found to be linked to higher intestinal absorbability together with lower biliary excretion, compared with la.

DOI： 10.1021/ml500511m

Interspecies comparison of hepatic metabolism of six newly synthesized retinoid X receptor agonistic compounds possessing a 6-[N-ethyl-N-(alkoxyisopropylphenyl)amino]nicotinic acid skeleton in rat and human liver microsomes 査読

Yoshiki Murakami, Yasumasa Shimizu, Akemi Ogasawara, Satoshi Ueshima, Mariko Nakayama, Kohei Kawata, Hiroki Kakuta, Tetsuya Aiba

Drug development and industrial pharmacy 40 ( 8 ) 1065 - 1071 2014年

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：INFORMA HEALTHCARE

Objective: The hepatic metabolism of six compounds newly synthesized as retinoid X receptor agonists was characterized in rat and human liver microsomes to examine the relationship between their hepatic metabolism profiles and side chain structures, considering the interspecies difference.
Materials and methods: The compounds used have a 6-[N-ethyl-N-(3-alkoxy-4-isopropylphenyl)amino]nicotinic or 6-[N-ethyl-N-(4-alkoxy-3-isopropylphenyl)amino]nicotinic acid skeleton, in which the isopropoxy, isobutoxy or cyclopropylmethoxy group is employed for the alkoxy group. These compounds were incubated with the microsomes, and their Michaelis-Menten parameters were determined. The incubation study was also performed with various cytochrome P450 (CYP) inhibitors to examine their susceptibilities to the inhibitors. In addition, a molecular docking simulation was conducted to assess the compound's spatial configuration with the CYP isoform when necessary.
Results: The Michaelis-Menten parameters determined are comparable between rats and humans for the compounds having 3-isobutoxy, 4-isobutoxy, 4-isopropoxy and 4-cyclopropylmethoxy groups. However, it was indicated that all compounds except that having the 3-isobutoxy group are metabolized in a different manner between rats and humans. That is, the extent of the contribution of each CYP isozyme is different between those two species. A molecular docking simulation showed that the spatial configuration of the compound to be associated with CYP2D6 markedly changes depending on whether the isobutoxy group is situated at the 3- or 4-position.
Conclusion: A slight difference in the side chain structures markedly alters the compound's metabolic profile, which amplifies the interspecies difference regarding the profile, increasing the difficulty in characterizing the profile in humans with the structural-property relationship and interspecies extrapolation.

DOI： 10.3109/03639045.2013.807278

In vitro anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic activities of thalidomide dithiocarbamate analogs 査読

Bishoy Y A El-Aarag, Tomonari Kasai, Magdy A H Zahran, Nadia I Zakhary, Tsukasa Shigehiro, Sreeja C Sekhar, Hussein S Agwa, Akifumi Mizutani, Hiroshi Murakami, Hiroki Kakuta, Masaharu Seno

International immunopharmacology 21 ( 2 ) 283 - 292 2014年

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

Inhibition of angiogenesis is currently perceived as a promising strategy in the treatment of cancer. The anti-angiogenicity of thalidomide has inspired a second wave of research on this teratogenic drug. The present study aimed to investigate the anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic activities of two thalidomide dithiocarbamate analogs by studying their anti-proliferative effects on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell lines. Their action on the expression levels of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha, VEGF(165), and MMP-2 was also assessed. Furthermore, their effect on angiogenesis was evaluated through wound healing, migration, tube formation, and nitric oxide (NO) assays. Results illustrated that the proliferation of HUVECs and MDA-MB-231 cells was not significantly affected by thalidomide at 625-100 mu M. Thalidomide failed to block angiogenesis at similar concentrations. By contrast, thalidomide dithiocarbamate analogs exhibited significant anti-proliferative action on HUVECs and MDA-MB-231 cells without causing cytotoxicity and also showed powerful anti-angiogenicity in wound healing, migration, tube formation, and NO assays. Thalidomide analogs 1 and 2 demonstrated more potent activity to suppress expression levels of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha, VEGF(165), and MMP-2 than thalidomide. Analog 1 consistently, showed the highest potency and efficacy in all the assays. Taken together, our results support further development and evaluation of novel thalidomide analogs as antitumor and anti-angiogenic agents. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

DOI： 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.05.007

Involvement of glucocorticoid receptor activation on anti-inflammatory effect induced by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonist in mice. 査読国際誌

Yamamoto A, Kakuta H, Sugimoto Y

International immunopharmacology 22 ( 1 ) 204 - 8 2014年

Mechanism of retinoid X receptor partial agonistic action of 1-(3,5,5,8,8-pentamethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthyl)-1H-benzotriazole-5-carboxylic acid and structural development to increase potency 査読

Fuminori Ohsawa, Shoya Yamada, Nobumasa Yakushiji, Ryosuke Shinozaki, Mariko Nakayama, Kohei Kawata, Manabu Hagaya, Toshiki Kobayashi, Kazutaka Kohara, Yuuki Furusawa, Chisa Fujiwara, Yui Ohta, Makoto Makishima, Hirotaka Naitou, Akihiro Tai, Yutaka Yoshikawa, Hiroyuki Yasui, Hiroki Kakuta

Journal of medicinal chemistry 56 ( 5 ) 1865 - 1877 2013年

担当区分：最終著者,　責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：AMER CHEMICAL SOC

We have reported that retinoid X receptor (RXR) partial agonist 1-(3,5,5,8,8-pentamethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthyl)-1H-benzotriazole-5-carboxylic acid (CBt-PMN, 4a) shows a significant antidiabetes effect in the KK-A(y) type 2 diabetes model mice, with reduced side effects compared to RXR full agonists. To elucidate the mechanism of the RXR partial agonist activity of 4a, we synthesized derivatives of 4a, evaluated their RXR agonist activity, and performed structure-activity relationship analysis. Reporter gene assay revealed that though 6b, which possesses an amino group at the 2-position of 5-carboxybenzimidazole, showed RXR full-agonist activity, compounds 6d and 6e, which possess an oxygen atom and a sulfur atom at the corresponding position, respectively, showed weak RXR agonist activity. On the other hand, 6c, which has a trifluoromethyl group at the corresponding position, acts as an RXR partial agonist, having similar E-max (67 +/- 2%) and lower EC50 (15 +/- 0 nM) compared to those of 4a (E-max = 75 +/- 4%, EC50 = 143 +/- 2 nM). A fluorescence polarization assay of cofactor recruitment confirmed that fluorescein-labeled D22 coactivator peptide was less efficiently recruited to RXR by 4a and 6c than by LGD1069 (1), a known RXR full agonist. Electrostatic potential field calculations and computational docking studies suggested that full agonists show an electrostatic attraction, which stabilizes the holo structure and favors coactivator recruitment, between the side chain at the benzimidazole 2-position and the a-carbonyl oxygen of asparagine-306 in helix 4 (H4) of the RXR receptor. However, RXR partial agonists 4a and 6c lack this interaction. Like 4a, 6c showed a significant antidiabetes effect in KK-A(y) type 2 diabetes model mice with reduced levels of the side effects associated with RXR full agonists. These findings should aid the design of new RXR partial agonists as antitype 2 diabetes drug candidates.

DOI： 10.1021/jm400033f

RXR Partial Agonist CBt-PMN Exerts Therapeutic Effects on Type 2 Diabetes without the Side Effects of RXR Full Agonists 査読

Hiroki Kakuta, Nobumasa Yakushiji, Ryosuke Shinozaki, Fuminori Ohsawa, Shoya Yamada, Yui Ohta, Kohei Kawata, Mariko Nakayama, Manabu Hagaya, Chisa Fujiwara, Makoto Makishima, Shigeyuki Uno, Akihiro Tai, Ami Maehara, Masaru Nakayama, Toshitaka Oohashi, Hiroyuki Yasui, Yutaka Yoshikawa

ACS medicinal chemistry letters 3 ( 5 ) 427 - 432 2012年

担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：AMER CHEMICAL SOC

Treating insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in rodents, currently known retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonists induce significant adverse effects. Here we introduce a novel RXR partial agonist CBt-PMN (11b), which shows a potent glucose-lowering effect and improvements of insulin secretion and glucose tolerance without the serious adverse effects caused by RXR full agonists. We suggest that RXR partial agonists may be a new class of antitype 2 diabetes drug candidates.

DOI： 10.1021/ml300055n

Relevance of nuclear receptor expression in a Tchreg cell line, HOZOT: RXRα and PPARγ negatively regulate IFN-γ production. 査読

Suzuki M, Takeuchi M, Tsuji-Takayama K, Harashima A, Otani T, Toraya T, Kakuta H, Yamasaki F, Nakamura S, Kibata M

Results in immunology 2 158 - 165 2012年

Feasibility of structural modification of retinoid X receptor agonists to separate blood glucose-lowering action from adverse effects: studies in KKA(y) type 2 diabetes model mice 査読

Hiroki Kakuta, Fuminori Ohsawa, Shoya Yamada, Makoto Makishima, Akihiro Tai, Hiroyuki Yasui, Yutaka Yoshikawa

Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin 35 ( 4 ) 629 - 633 2012年

担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：PHARMACEUTICAL SOC JAPAN

Retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonists are reported to exhibit blood glucose-lowering action owing to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)/RXR or liver X receptor (LXR)/RXR activation, but may also cause adverse effects such as blood triglyceride elevation. In order to examine the feasibility of separating the glucose-lowering action from the adverse effects, we examined the effects of RXR agonists (NEt-TMN), NEt-3IB, and NEt-3IP, which have different heterodimer-activating patterns, in KKA(y) type 2 diabetes model mice. We found that NEt-3IB induced lower degrees of hepatomegaly and blood triglyceride (TG) elevation than the other RXR agonists, even though all of them showed similar blood glucose-lowering action on repeated administration. These findings indicate that structural modification of RXR agonists is a potentially effective strategy to reduce adverse effects while retaining desired activities.

DOI： 10.1248/bpb.35.629

Involvement of the Retinoid X Receptor Ligand in the Anti-Inflammatory Effect Induced by Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Agonist In Vivo. 査読

Yamamoto A, Kakuta H, Miyachi H, Sugimoto Y

PPAR research 2011 840194 2011年

An arylidene-thiazolidinedione derivative, GPU-4, without PPARγ activation, reduces retinal neovascularization. 査読

Nakamura S, Hayashi K, Takizawa H, Murase T, Tsuruma K, Shimazawa M, Kakuta H, Nagasawa H, Hara H

Current neurovascular research 8 ( 1 ) 25 - 34 2011年

Design and synthesis of novel cyclooxygenase-1 inhibitors as analgesics: 5-amino-2-ethoxy-N-(substituted-phenyl)benzamides 査読

Ryosuke Fukai, Xiaoxia Zheng, Kazunori Motoshima, Akihiro Tai, Futoshi Yazama, Hiroki Kakuta

ChemMedChem 6 ( 3 ) 550 - 560 2011年

担当区分：最終著者,　責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：WILEY-BLACKWELL

We previously found that N-(4-aminophenyl)-4-trifluoromethyl-benzamide (TFAP), a COX-1 inhibitor, exhibits an analgesic effect without causing gastric damage. Unfortunately, TFAP causes reddish purple coloration of urine, and its analgesic effect is less potent than that of indomethacin. Herein we describe our study focusing on the development of 4- and 5-amino- 2-alkoxy-N-phenylbenzamide scaffolds, designed on the basis of the structures of TFAP and parsalmide, another known COX-1 inhibitory analgesic agent. 5-Amino-2-ethoxy-N-(2-or 3-substituted phenyl) benzamide derivatives exhibited analgesic activity in a murine acetic acid induced writhing test. Among these compounds, 5-amino-2-ethoxy-N-(2-methoxyphenyl) benzamide (9v) possesses potent COX-1 inhibitory and analgesic activities, similar to those of indomethacin. In addition, 5-amino- 2-ethoxy-N-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)benzamide (9g) showed a more potent analgesic effect than indomethacin or 9v without causing apparent gastric damage or coloration of urine, although its COX-1 inhibitory activity was weaker than that of indomethacin or 9v. Thus, 9g and 9v appear to be promising candidates for analgesic agents and are attractive lead compounds for further development of COX-1 inhibitors.

DOI： 10.1002/cmdc.201000462

Pharmacokinetic properties of newly synthesized retinoid X receptor agonists possessing a 6-[N-ethyl-N-(3-alkoxy-4-isopropylphenyl)amino]nicotinic acid skeleton in rats 査読

Akemi Ogasawara, Yoshiki Murakami, Nobumasa Yakushiji, Fuminori Ohsawa, Jun-Ichi Kusaba, Tetsuya Aiba, Yuji Kurosaki, Hiroki Kakuta

Drug development and industrial pharmacy 37 ( 9 ) 1060 - 1067 2011年

担当区分：最終著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：INFORMA HEALTHCARE

Objective: The pharmacokinetic properties of three newly synthesized retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonists were evaluated in rats to elucidate the structural factor influencing their pharmacokinetic properties. Material and methods: Three RXR agonists possessing a common 6-[N-ethyl-N-(3-alkoxy-4-isopropylphenyl)amino]nicotinic acid skeleton and side chain structures that are slightly different from each other were prepared as we previously reported (Takamatsu et al., ChemMedChem, 2008; 3: 780-787). The plasma concentration profiles of these compounds were evaluated following the intravenous and intra-intestinal administrations. Their hepatic metabolism was characterized using rat liver microsomes. Results: Based on the plasma concentration profile, NEt-3IP (3-isopropoxy) was shown to have a distribution volume of 4.53 L/kg, and to be cleared from the body with an elimination half-time of 0.95 h. The bioavailability of NEt-3IP is 16.4%, whereas those of the isobutoxy analog NEt-3IB and the cyclopropylmethoxy analog NEt-3cPM are 46.5% and 22.6%, respectively. Subsequently, in the experiments using rat liver microsomes, the K-m and V-max values of NEt-3IP were determined as 7.85 mu M and 0.48 nmol/min/mg protein, respectively. This K-m value is nearly the same as those of NEt-3IB and NEt-3cPM, but the V-max value is noticeably smaller. Additionally, it was revealed that the CYP family mainly metabolizing NEt-3IP is different from those metabolizing the other analogs. Conclusion: Based on these findings, the pharmacokinetic properties of the compounds possessing this type of the skeleton seem to be largely influenced by a slight modification of the side chain structure.

DOI： 10.3109/03639045.2011.559247

Replacement of the hydrophobic part of 9-cis-retinoic acid with cyclic terpenoid moiety results in RXR-selective agonistic activity 査読

Takashi Okitsu, Kana Sato, Kinya Iwatsuka, Natsumi Sawada, Kimie Nakagawa, Toshio Okano, Shoya Yamada, Hiroki Kakuta, Akimori Wada

Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry 19 ( 9 ) 2939 - 2949 2011年

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD

Retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonists are interesting candidates for the treatment of metabolic syndrome. 9-Cis-retinoic acid (9cRA: 1) is a natural RXR agonist, that also works as a retinoic acid receptor (RAR) agonist. This fact prompted us to study the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of RXR agonists derived from 1. Though 3 and 4, in which the cyclohexene part of 1 is replaced with bulkier hydrophobic moieties, show RXR-selective agonistic activity, some analogs containing other ring structures show RAR agonistic activity. Thus, we were interested in establishing what kind of ring skeleton is required for RXR-selective agonistic activity. In this study, we systematically prepared 5 and 6, in which the cyclohexene ring of 1 is replaced with various cyclic terpenoid moieties, and evaluated their RXR and RAR agonistic activities. Our previously reported CsF-promoted Stille coupling reaction was employed as a key step for the comprehensive synthesis of 5 and 6. The results of transcriptional assay showed that compounds 5b-f, which possess a menthane skeleton, exhibit RXR-selective agonistic activity. These results should be helpful for the design of superior RXR-selective agonists based on the structure of 1. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.03.033

Discovery of a Potent Retinoid X Receptor Antagonist Structurally Closely Related to RXR Agonist NEt-3IB 査読

Mariko Nakayama, Shoya Yamada, Fuminori Ohsawa, Yui Ohta, Kohei Kawata, Makoto Makishima, Hiroki Kakuta

ACS medicinal chemistry letters 2 ( 12 ) 896 - 900 2011年

担当区分：最終著者,　責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：AMER CHEMICAL SOC

We discovered a potent retinoid X receptor (RXR) antagonist, 6-[N-ethyl-N-(5-isobutoxy-4-isopropyl-2-(E)-styrylphenyl)amino]nicotinic acid (13e), that is structurally closely related to the RXR full agonist 6-[N-ethyl-N-(3-isobutoxy-4-isopropylphenyl)amino]nicotinic acid (NEt-3IB) (4). Compound 13e was synthesized via a simple route from 11, a methyl ester precursor of 4. Because 11 possesses high electrophilic reactivity because of the amino and alkoxy groups, it was readily transformed to 12 by iodization, and the iodine atom of 12 was converted to a C-C or C-N bond by means of palladium-catalyzed reaction to afford 13. Transcriptional activation assay revealed that 13g (in which the iodine atom was replaced with an amino group) is a weak RXR agonist, while 13d (a phenyl group), 13e (a styryl group), and 13f (an anilino group) are RXR antagonists. Among them, 13e was found to be more potent than the known RXR antagonist PA452 (9).

DOI： 10.1021/ml200197e

Cyclic-tri(N-methyl-meta-benzamide)s: substituent effects on the bowl-shaped conformation in the crystal and solution states 査読

Kakuta, H, Azumaya, I, Masu, H, Matsumura, M, Yamaguchi, K, Kagechika, H, Tanatani, A

Tetrahedron 66 ( 42 ) 8254 - 8260 2010年10月

Fluorescent retinoid X receptor ligands for fluorescence polarization assay 査読

Yamada S, Ohsawa F, Fujii S, Shinozaki R, Makishima M, Naitou H, Enomoto S, Tai A, Kakuta H.

Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters 20 ( 17 ) 5143 - 5146 2010年

担当区分：最終著者,　責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD

Retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonists are candidate agents for the treatment of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes via activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)/RXR or liver X receptor (LXR)/RXR-heterodimers, which control lipid and glucose metabolism. Reporter gene assays or binding assays with radiolabeled compounds are available for RXR ligand screening, but are unsuitable for high-throughput screening. Therefore, as a first step towards stabilizing a fluorescence polarization (FP) assay system for high-throughput RXR ligand screening, we synthesized fluorescent RXR ligands by modification of the lipophilic domain of RXR ligands with a carbostyril fluorophore, and selected the fluorescent RXR agonist 6-[ethyl(1-isobutyl-2-oxo-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-7-yl) amino] nicotinic acid 8d for further characterization. Compound 8d showed FP in the presence of RXR and the FP was decreased in the presence of the RXR agonist LGD1069 (2). This compound should be a lead compound for use in high-throughput assay systems for screening RXR ligands. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.07.011

Modification at the Lipophilic Domain of RXR Agonists Differentially Influences Activation of RXR Heterodimers 査読

Fuminori Ohsawa, Ken-Ichi Morishita, Shoya Yamada, Makoto Makishima, Hiroki Kakuta

ACS medicinal chemistry letters 1 ( 9 ) 521 - 525 2010年

担当区分：最終著者,　責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：AMER CHEMICAL SOC

RXR permissive heterodimers are reported to be activated differently depending upon the chemical structure of RXR agonists, but the relationship of agonist structure to differential heterodimer activation has not been explored in detail. In this study, we performed systematic conversion of the alkoxy side chain of 5a (6-[ethyl-(3-isopropoxy-4-isopropylphenyl)amino]nicotinic acid, NEt-3IP) and evaluated the RXR-, PPAR/RXR-, and LXR/RXR-agonist activities of the products. The cyclopropylmethoxy analogue (5c) showed similar RXR- and LXR/RXR-agonistic activities to the benzyloxy analogue (51) and n-propoxy analogue (5k) but exhibited more potent PPAR/RXR-agonistic activity than 51 or 5k. Differential modulation of RXR heterodimer-activating ability by conversion of the alkoxy group located in the lipophilic domain of the RXR-agonist common structure is expected be a useful approach in the design of new RXR agonists for the treatment of hyperlipidemia or type 2 diabetes.

DOI： 10.1021/ml100184k

Identification of urine metabolites of TFAP, a cyclooxygenase-1 inhibitor 査読

Hiroki Kakuta, Ryosuke Fukai, Zheng Xiaoxia, Fuminori Ohsawa, Takeshi Bamba, Kazumasa Hirata, Akihiro Tai

Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters 20 ( 6 ) 1840 - 1843 2010年

担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD

Only a few COX-1-selective inhibitors are currently available, and the research on COX-1 selective inhibitors is not fully developed. The authors have produced several COX-1 selective inhibitors including N-(5-amino-2-pyridinyl)-4-trifluoromethylbenzamide: TFAP (3). Although 3 shows potent analgesic effect without gastric damage, the urine after administration of 3 becomes red-purple. Since the colored-urine should be avoided for clinical use, in this research we examined the cause of the colored-urine. UV-vis spectra and LC-MS/MS analyses of urine samples and metabolite candidates of 3 were performed to afford information that the main reason of the colored urine is a diaminopyridine (4), produced by metabolization of 3. This information is useful to design new COX-1 selective inhibitors without colored urine based on the chemical structure of 3. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.01.161

Effect of 5-aminosalicylate on allergic rhinitis model in mice 査読

Shoji Kuyama, Atsuki Yamamoto, Mayu Sugiyama, Hiroki Kakuta, Yukio Sugimoto

International immunopharmacology 10 ( 6 ) 713 - 716 2010年

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

Previous studies have shown that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) is involved in allergic rhinitis. It has been reported that 5-aminosalicylate (5-ASA) has an affinity for PPAR gamma, but the effects of 5-ASA on the nasal symptoms of allergic rhinitis are unclear. This study aimed to clarify the effects of 5-ASA on nasal symptoms in an allergic rhinitis model in mice. Female BALB/c mice were sensitized by intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin (OVA) and aluminium hydroxide hydrate gel (alum) on days 0, 5, 14 and 21. Seven days later, mice were sensitized by the intranasal application of OVA thrice a week. 5-ASA was also administered orally after instillation of the antigen from day 28. The severity of allergic rhinitis was assessed by determining the extent of 2 nasal allergic symptoms-sneezing and nasal rubbing. In addition, serum OVA-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody, interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-10 levels in nasal lavage fluid and histamine sensitivity were determined. Repeated oral administration of 5-ASA attenuated the progression of nasal symptoms in sensitized mice in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, 5-ASA prevented an increase in histamine sensitivity. Finally, 5-ASA inhibited both OVA-specific IgE antibody and IL-4 production; however, it had no effect on IL-10 levels. These results indicate that 5-ASA has a prophylactic effect on allergic rhinitis. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.intimp.2010.03.007

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