研究者詳細 - 久保田　聡

The regenerative effects of CCN2 independent modules on chondrocytes in vitro and osteoarthritis models in vivo 査読

Abd El Kader, T., Kubota, S., Nishida, T., Hattori, T., Aoyama, E., Janune, D., Hara, E.S., Ono, M., Tabata, Y., Kuboki, T., Takigawa, M.

Bone 59 180 - 188 2014年

The CCN family acting throughout the body: Recent research developments 査読

Satoshi Kubota, Masaharu Takigawa

Biomolecular Concepts 4 ( 5 ) 477 - 494 2013年10月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

The animal body is composed of a variety of cells and extracellular matrices that are organized and orchestrated in a harmonized manner to support life. Therefore, the critical importance of a comprehensive understanding of the molecular network surrounding and integrating the cells is now emphasized. The CCN family is a novel group of matricellular proteins that interact with and orchestrate a number of extracellular signaling and matrix molecules to construct and maintain living tissues. This family comprises six distinct members in mammals, which are characterized by a unique and conserved modular structure. These proteins are not targeted to limited and specific receptors to execute specific missions, but manipulate a vast number of biomolecules in the network by serving as a molecular hub at the center. The unified nomenclature, CCN, originates from a simple acronym of the three classical members, which helps us to avoid having any preconception about their pleiotropic and anonymous functional nature. In this review, after a brief summary of the general molecular concepts regarding the CCN family, new aspects of each member uncovered by recent research are introduced, which represent, nevertheless, only the tip of the iceberg of the profound functionality of these molecules. © 2013 Walter de Gruyter GmbH.

DOI： 10.1515/bmc-2013-0018

PubMed

Novel role of miR-181a in cartilage metabolism. 査読国際誌

Kumi Sumiyoshi, Satoshi Kubota, Toshihiro Ohgawara, Kazumi Kawata, Tarek Abd El Kader, Takashi Nishida, Nao Ikeda, Tsuyoshi Shimo, Takashi Yamashiro, Masaharu Takigawa

Journal of cellular biochemistry 114 ( 9 ) 2094 - 100 2013年9月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

Micro RNA (miRNA) is a small non-coding post-transcriptional RNA regulator that is involved in a variety of biological events. In order to specify the role of miRNAs in cartilage metabolism, we comparatively analyzed the expression profile of known miRNAs in chicken sternum chondrocytes representing early and late differentiation stages. Interestingly, none of the miRNAs displaying strong expression levels showed remarkable changes along with differentiation, suggesting their roles in maintaining the homeostasis rather than cytodifferentiation of chondrocytes. Among these miRNAs, miR-181a, which is known to play critical roles in a number of tissues, was selected and was further characterized. Human microarray analysis revealed remarkably stronger expression of miR-181a in human HCS-2/8 cells, which strongly maintained a chondrocytic phenotype, than in HeLa cells, indicating its significant role in chondrocytes. Indeed, subsequent investigation indicated that miR-181a repressed the expression of two genes involved in cartilage development. One was CCN family member 1 (CCN1), which promotes chondrogenesis; and the other, the gene encoding the core protein of aggrecan, a major cartilaginous proteoglycan, aggrecan. Based on these findings, negative feedback system via miR-181a to conserve the integrity of the cartilaginous phenotype may be proposed.

DOI： 10.1002/jcb.24556

PubMed

Regulation of CCN1 via the 3 '-untranslated region 査読

Yosuke Nakagawa, Masanao Minato, Kumi Sumiyoshi, Aya Maeda, Chikako Hara, Yurika Murase, Takashi Nishida, Satoshi Kubota, Masaharu Takigawa

JOURNAL OF CELL COMMUNICATION AND SIGNALING 7 ( 3 ) 207 - 217 2013年8月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：SPRINGER

The 3'-untranslated region (UTR) is known to be a critical regulator of post-transcriptional events that determine the gene expression at the RNA level. The gene CCN1 is one of the classical members of the matricellular CCN family and is involved in a number of biological processes during mammalian development. In the present study, the 600-bp 3'-UTR of CCN1 was functionally characterized. Reporter gene analysis revealed that the entire 3'-UTR profoundly repressed gene expression in cis in different types of the cells, to which both the proximal and distal-halves of the 3'-UTR segments contributed almost equally. Deletion analysis of the 3'-UTR indicated a distinct functional element in the proximal half, whereas a putative target for microRNA-181s was predicted in silico in the distal half. Of note, the repressive RNA element in the proximal half was shown to be capable of forming a stable secondary structure. However, unexpectedly, a reporter construct with a tandem repeat of the predicted miR-181 targets failed to respond to miR-181a. In addition, the other major structured element predicted in the distal half was similarly characterized. To our surprise, the second element rather enhanced the reporter gene expression in cis. These results indicate the involvement of multiple regulatory elements in the CCN1 3'-UTR and suggest the complexity of the miRNA action as well as the 3'-UTR-mediated gene regulation.

DOI： 10.1007/s12079-013-0202-x

Impaired glycolytic metabolism causes chondrocyte hypertrophy-like changes via promotion of phospho-Smad1/5/8 translocation into nucleus 査読

T. Nishida, S. Kubota, E. Aoyama, M. Takigawa

OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE 21 ( 5 ) 700 - 709 2013年5月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCI LTD

Objective: Hypertrophy-like changes are often observed in chondrocytes during the development of osteoarthritis (OA). These changes play a crucial part in the OA-associated cartilage degradation and osteophyte formation. However, the pathogenesis leading to such changes is still unknown. In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which these hypertrophy-like changes are induced from the viewpoint of impaired glycolytic metabolism.
Methods: The effect of sodium fluoride (NaF) on glycolytic metabolism of cultured chondrocytes was confirmed by measurement of intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. Translocation of phosphorylated Smad1/5/8 to the nucleus was evaluated by subcellular fractionation and Western blotting. Chondrocyte hypertrophy-like changes were investigated by real-time RT-PCR and Western blot analysis of differentiation markers.
Results: ATP production was dose-dependently decreased by NaF in the human chondrocytic cell line HCS-2/8. In addition, both chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation were inhibited, whereas cell death was promoted by treatment with NaF. Interestingly, combinational treatment with NaF and lactate enhanced translocation of phospho-Smad1/5/8 to the nucleus, as well as gene expression of ALP, VEGF, COL10a1, and matrix metalloproteinase13 (MMP13), which were the markers of late mature and hypertrophic chondrocytes. Furthermore, the production of type X collagen and activation of MMP9 were also promoted under the same conditions.
Conclusions: These findings suggest that decreased ATP production by NaF promotes hypertrophy-like changes via activation of phospho-Smad1/5/8 in the presence of lactate. Novel metabolic aspects of OA pathogenesis are indicated herein. (C) 2013 Osteoarthritis Research Society International. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.joca.2013.01.013

Anti-fibrotic effect of CCN3 accompanied by altered gene expression profile of the CCN family 査読

Tarek Abd El Kader, Satoshi Kubota, Danilo Janune, Takashi Nishida, Takako Hattori, Eriko Aoyama, Bernard Perbal, Takuo Kuboki, Masaharu Takigawa

Journal of Cell Communication and Signaling 7 ( 1 ) 11 - 18 2013年3月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

CCN family proteins 2 and 3 (CCN2 and CCN3) belong to the CCN family of proteins, all having a high level of structural similarity. It is widely known that CCN2 is a profibrotic molecule that mediates the development of fibrotic disorders in many different tissues and organs. In contrast, CCN3 has been recently suggested to act as an anti-fibrotic factor in several tissues. This CCN3 action was shown earlier to be exerted by the repression of the CCN2 gene expression in kidney tissue, whereas different findings were obtained for liver cells. Thus, the molecular action of CCN3 yielding its anti-fibrotic effect is still controversial. Here, using a general model of fibrosis, we evaluated the effect of CCN3 overexpression on the gene expression of all of the CCN family members, as well as on that of fibrotic marker genes. As a result, repression of CCN2 gene expression was modest, while type I collagen and α-smooth muscle actin gene expression was prominently repressed. Interestingly, not only CCN2, but also CCN4 gene expression showed a decrease upon CCN3 overexpression. These findings indicate that fibrotic gene induction is under the control of a complex molecular network conducted by CCN family members functioning together. © 2012 The International CCN Society.

DOI： 10.1007/s12079-012-0180-4

Novel chondrogenic and chondroprotective effects of the natural compound harmine 査読

Hara, Emilio Satoshi, Ono, Mitsuaki, Kubota, Satoshi, Sonoyama, Wataru, Oida, Yasutaka, Hattori, Takako, Nishida, Takashi, Furumatsu, Takayuki, Ozaki, Toshifumi, Takigawa, Masaharu, Kuboki, Takuo

Biochimie 95 ( 2 ) 374 - 381 2013年

miRNA-720 Controls Stem Cell Phenotype, Proliferation and Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Cells 査読

Hara, Emilio Satoshi, Ono, Mitsuaki, Eguchi, Takanori, Kubota, Satoshi, Hai Thanh Pham, Sonoyama, Wataru, Tajima, Shoji, Takigawa, Masaharu, Calderwood, Stuart K., Kuboki, Takuo

Plos One 8 ( 12 ) e83545 2013年

The CCN2-inducer harmine promotes chondrogenesis and protects against TNFα-induced ablation of chondrocytic phenotype 査読

Hara, E.S, M. Ono, S. Kubota, W. Sonoyama, Y. Oida, T. Hattori, T. Nishida, T. Furumatsu, T. Ozaki, M. Takigawa, T. Kuboki

Biochimie 95 374 - 381 2013年

CCN2/CTGF binds to fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 and modulates its signaling

Eriko Aoyama, Satoshi Kubota, Masaharu Takigawa

FEBS LETTERS 586 ( 24 ) 4270 - 4275 2012年12月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

CCN2 plays a critical role in the development of mesenchymal tissues such as cartilage and bone, and the binding of CCN2 to various cytokines and receptors regulates their signaling. By screening a protein array, we found that CCN2 could bind to fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) 2 and 3, with a higher affinity toward FGFR2. We ascertained that FGFR2 bound to CCN2 and that the binding of FGFR2 to FGF2 and FGF4 was enhanced by CCN2. CCN2 and FGF2 had a collaborative effect on the phosphorylation of ERK and the differentiation of osteoblastic cells. The present results indicate the biological significance of the binding of CCN2 to FGFR2 in bone metabolism.
Structured summary of protein interactions:
FGFR2 binds to CCN2 by protein array (View interaction)
FGFR1OP binds to CCN2 by protein array (View interaction)
FGFR3 binds to CCN2 by protein array (View interaction) (C) 2012 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.10.038

Mechanical stretch increases Smad3-dependent CCN2 expression in inner meniscus cells 査読

Takayuki Furumatsu, Tomoko Kanazawa, Yoshiaki Miyake, Satoshi Kubota, Masaharu Takigawa, Toshifumi Ozaki

JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH 30 ( 11 ) 1738 - 1745 2012年11月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：WILEY-BLACKWELL

The intrinsic zone-specific properties of the menisci are determined by biomechanical environments. In this study, we examined mechanical stretch-dependent expression of multifunctional growth factor CYR61/CTGF/NOV (CCN) 2, and investigated the role of CCN2 in meniscus cells. Uni-axial cyclic tensile strain (CTS) was applied using a STB-140 system. CTS-induced expression of CCN2 and a1(I) collagen (COL1A1) was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR analysis. The distribution of CCN2 and Smad2/3 in stretched cells was investigated by immunohistochemical analysis. Smad2/3-dependent CCN2 transactivation was measured by luciferase reporter assay. The relationship between Smad2/3 and CTS-induced CCN2 transcription was investigated by chromatin immunoprecipitation. CTS stimulated gene expression of CCN2 and COL1A1 in inner meniscus cells, but not in outer meniscus cells. Recombinant CCN2 increased COL1A1 expression only in inner meniscus cells. CCN2 synthesis and nuclear translocalization of phosphorylated Smad2/3 in inner meniscus cells were stimulated by CTS. The CCN2 promoter activity was synergistically enhanced by overexpressed Smad3 in stretched inner meniscus cells, but was not by Smad2. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that CTS increased the association between Smad3 and the Smad-binding element on the CCN2 proximal promoter in inner meniscus cells. Our results suggest that stretch-induced CCN2 may have a crucial role in regulating COL1A1 expression in the inner meniscus. (c) 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:17381745, 2012

DOI： 10.1002/jor.22142

CCN2 in orofacial tissue development and remodeling

Satoshi Kubota

Japanese Dental Science Review 48 ( 2 ) 101 - 113 2012年8月

記述言語：英語

CCN2 is one of the representative members of the CCN family, a group of proteins that orchestrate the extracellular signaling network. As anticipated by the original name, connective tissue growth factor, this molecule promotes the growth and development of mesenchymal tissues, including bone and cartilage. Indeed, CCN2 is required for the proper development of the orofacial region, which requirement is typically suggested by the frequent emergence of cleft palate in CCN2-null mice. The significant contribution of CCN2 to mandibular morphogenesis and tooth germ development has also been indicated. Of note, CCN2 functions not only during development, but also later in life, as it is a critical promoter of physiological and pathological tissue remodeling, the latter of which denotes fibrotic reconstruction of tissue. In addition to its involvement in fibrotic disorders in a variety of organs, CCN2 has been also reported to be a mediator of periodontal fibrosis caused by several factors including smoking. Based on these cumulative findings, the utility of CCN2 to accelerate oral tissue regeneration by a harmonized remodeling process is discussed herein, together with regulation of the gene expression and molecular function of CCN2 as a therapeutic strategy against periodontal fibrosis. © 2012 Japanese Association for Dental Science.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jdsr.2012.02.002

Role of LRP1 in transport of CCN2 protein in chondrocytes. 査読国際誌

Kawata K, Kubota S, Eguchi T, Aoyama E, Moritani NH, Kondo S, Nishida T, Takigawa M

Journal of cell science 125 ( Pt 12 ) 2965 - 2972 2012年6月

Induction of CCN2/CTGF by laminar fluid flow stress, which is mediated by the actin cytoskeleton in osteoblastic cells 査読

Honjo, T, S. Kubota, H. Kamioka, Y. Sugawara, Y. Ishihara, T. Yamashiro, M. Takigawa, T. Takano-Yamamoto

J Cell Commun Signal. 6 225 - 232 2012年

Role of low-density lipoprotein receptor related protein 1 (LRP1) in CCN2/connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) protein transport in chondrocytes

Kawata., K, Kubota, S, Eguchi, T, Aoyama, E, Moritani, N, Kondo, S, Nishida, T, Takigawa, M

J Cell Sci 15 2965 - 2972 2012年

Association of the metastatic phenotype with CCN family members among breast and oral cancer cells

Toshihiro Ohgawara, Satoshi Kubota, Harumi Kawaki, Naito Kurio, Tarek Abd El Kader, Mitsuhiro Hoshijima, Danilo Janune, Tsuyoshi Shimo, Bernard Perbal, Akira Sasaki, Masaharu Takigawa

JOURNAL OF CELL COMMUNICATION AND SIGNALING 5 ( 4 ) 291 - 299 2011年12月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：SPRINGER

The CCN family of proteins consists of six members with conserved structural features. These proteins play several roles in the physiology and pathology of cells. Among the pathological roles of the CCN family, one of the most important and controversial ones is their role in the expansion and metastasis of cancer. Up to now a number of reports have described the possible role of each CCN family member independently. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the roles of all six CCN family members in cell growth, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. As a result, we found the CCN2/CCN3 ratio to be a parameter that is associated with the metastatic phenotype of breast cancer cells that are highly metastatic to the bone. The same analysis with cell lines from oral squamous carcinomas that are not metastatic to the bone further supported our notion. These results suggest the functional significance of the interplay between CCN family members in regulating the phenotype of cancer cells.

DOI： 10.1007/s12079-011-0133-3

Effect of CCN2 on FGF2-Induced Proliferation and MMP9 and MMP13 Productions by Chondrocytes

Takashi Nishida, Satoshi Kubota, Eriko Aoyama, Danilo Janune, Azusa Maeda, Masaharu Takigawa

ENDOCRINOLOGY 152 ( 11 ) 4232 - 4241 2011年11月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：ENDOCRINE SOC

CCN2 (also known as connective tissue growth factor) interacts with several growth factors involved in endochondral ossification via its characteristic four modules and modifies the effect of such growth factors. Presently we investigated whether CCN2 interacts with fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2). Solid-phase binding assay, immunoprecipitation-Western blot analysis, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy revealed that the C-terminal module of CCN2 (CT) directly bound to FGF2 with a dissociation constant of 5.5 nM. Next, we examined the combinational effects of CCN2 and FGF2 on the proliferation of and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and -13 productions by cultured chondrocytes. FGF2 promoted not only the proliferation but also the production of MMP9 and -13, however, combined of FGF2 with CT module nullified the enhancement of both MMP productions and proliferation. To clarify the mechanism, we investigated the binding of CCN2 or its CT module to FGF receptor 1. As a result, we found that CCN2 bound to FGF receptor 1 with a dissociation constant of 362 nM, whereas the CT module did not. In addition, when we tested FGF signaling in chondrocytic HCS-2/8 cells stimulated by the combination of FGF2 with CT module, the level of ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation was decreased compared with that found with FGF2 alone. These findings suggest that CCN2 may regulate the proliferation and matrix degradation of chondrocytes by forming a complex with FGF2 as a novel modulator of FGF2 functions. (Endocrinology 152: 4232-4241, 2011)

DOI： 10.1210/en.2011-0234

Novel pathogenic role of fibrin as revealed by a case study on ligneous gingivitis

Tsuyoshi Shimo, Akiyoshi Nishiyama, Satoshi Kubota, Naito Kurio, Tatsuo Okui, Naoki Katase, Nur Mohammad Monsur Hassan, Tatsuki Honami, Koji Kishimoto, Hiroshi Mese, Masaharu Takigawa, Akira Sasaki

Oral Science International 8 ( 2 ) 44 - 49 2011年11月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

Purpose of the research: Ligneous gingivitis is a rare disease characterized by nodular gingival enlargement secondary to fibrin deposits induced by micro-injury in the gingiva, which disorder results from plasminogen (PLG) deficiency. Although none have investigated the association of wound healing factors with ligneous gingivitis. In this study, in addition to a histopathologic examination of ligneous gingivitis in a case of type I PLG deficiency, we further present data showing the effect of wound healing factors in association with fibrin in vitro to clarify the pathobiology of ligneous gingivitis in PLG-deficient patients. Principle results: Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, connective tissue growth factor/CCN2 (CCN2), and endothelin-1 (ET-1) had accumulated in the extracellular matrix around the epithelial and fibroblastic cells near the fibrin deposition. Consistent with these results, fibrin and TGF-β1 synergistically up-regulated CCN2 and ET-1 gene expression in human dermal fibroblasts. Major conclusions: Fibrin plays a vicious role in ligneous gingivitis pathobiology by up-regulating CCN2 and ET-1 expression through the TGF-β signaling pathway. © 2011 Japanese Stomatological Society.

DOI： 10.1016/S1348-8643(11)00025-5

Differential roles of CCN family proteins during osteoblast differentiation: Involvement of Smad and MAPK signaling pathways

Harumi Kawaki, Satoshi Kubota, Akiko Suzuki, Makoto Suzuki, Kumiko Kohsaka, Kenji Hoshi, Toshiya Fujii, Noureddine Lazar, Toshihiro Ohgawara, Takeyasu Maeda, Bernard Perbal, Teruko Takano-Yamamoto, Masaharu Takigawa

BONE 49 ( 5 ) 975 - 989 2011年11月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC

CCN family proteins play diverse roles in many aspects of cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, migration, angiogenesis and survival. In the bone tissue of vertebrate species, the expression of most CCN family members has been observed in osteoblasts. However, their spatial and temporal distributions, as well as their functions, are still only partially understood. In this study, we evaluated the localization of CCN family members in skeletal tissue in vivo and comparatively analyzed the gene expression patterns and functions of the members in murine osteoblasts in primary culture. Immunofluorescent analyses revealed that the CCN family members were differentially produced in osteoblasts and osteocytes. The presence of all Ccn transcripts was confirmed in those osteoblasts. Among the members, CCN1, CCN2, CCN4 and CCN5 were found in osteocytes. CCN4 and CCN5 were distributed in osteocytes located inside of bone matrix as well. Next, we investigated the expression pattern of Ccn family members during osteoblast differentiation. Along with differentiation, most of the members followed proper gene expression patterns: whereas, Ccn4 and Ccn5 showed quite similar patterns. Furthermore, we evaluated the effects of CCN family members on the osteoblastic activities by using recombinant CCN proteins and RNA interference method. Five members of this family displayed positive effects on osteoblast proliferation or differentiation. Of note, CCN3 drastically inhibited the osteoblast activities. Each Ccn specific siRNA could modulate osteoblast activities in a manner expected by the observed effect of respective recombinant CCN protein. In addition, we found that extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways were critically involved in the CCN family member-mediated modification of osteoblast activities.
Collectively, all Ccn family members were found to be differentially expressed along with differentiation and therefore could participate in progression of the osteoblast lineage. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.bone.2011.06.033