Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

We sought to compare the bond strength of resin cement on moist dentin to that on dry dentin, and determine the relationship between the bond strength and flexural strength of resin cement. The water content of the moist and dry dentins was estimated using infrared spectroscopy. Four adhesive and three self-adhesive resin cements were used. At three times of immediately, after one-day storage, and after 20,000 thermocycles (TC 20k), the shear bond strengths were measured. For all resin cements, both the shear bond strength and the flexural strength were the lowest immediately after setting; however, after one day of water storage or TC 20k, these resin cements had the highest values. Regardless of the condition of the dentin surface upon shear bond strength, the flexural strength of each resin cement was correlated with the shear bond strength of the dentin surface.

DOI： 10.4012/dmj.2021-278

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MDPI  

Resin composite is widely used in the dental field in clinics as a biomaterial. For example, it has been used as a composite material, a type of biomaterial, to repair caries and restore masticatory function, and as a luting agent to adhere the restoration to the tooth substrate. In order to demonstrate its function, we have measured the mechanical strength. From such basic research, we explain the potential of a dental material through the measurement of flexural strength and modulus of elasticity. In this research, we introduce commercial products that are actually used as composite materials suitable for tooth substrate and provide readers with their properties based on flexural strength and modulus of elasticity. In clinical performance, it might be advisable to delay polishing when a composite material is used for a luting material, a filling material and a core build-up material, as the flexural strength and the flexural modulus of elasticity were improved after 1 day of storage, and flexural strength and characteristics are considered as important mechanical properties of oral biomaterials.</p>

DOI： 10.3390/jcs5100282

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To evaluate the flexural and bonding properties, marginal adaptation, and polymerization shrinkage in flowable composite restorations and their relationships, four new generation flowable composites, one conventional, and one bulk-fill flowable composite were used in this study. Flexural properties of the composites and shear bond strength to enamel and dentin for flowable restorations were measured immediately and 24 h after polymerization. Marginal adaptation, polymerization shrinkage, and stress were also investigated immediately after polymerization. The flexural properties, and bond strength of the flowable composites to enamel and dentin were much lower immediately after polymerization than at 24 h, regardless of the type of the composite. Polymerization shrinkage and stress varied depending on the material, and bulk-fill flowable composite showed much lower values than the others. The marginal adaptation and polymerization shrinkage of the composites appeared to have a much stronger correlation with a shear bond strength to dentin than to enamel. The weak mechanical properties and bond strengths of flowable composites in the early stage after polymerization must be taken into account when using them in the clinic. In addition, clinicians should be aware that polymerization shrinkage of flowable composites can still lead to the formation of gaps and failure of adaptation to the cavity regardless of the type of composite.

DOI： 10.3390/polym13162613

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：JAPANESE SOC DENTAL MATERIALS DEVICES  

This study aimed to investigate whether inorganic elements of polymer-infiltrated ceramic (PIC) and microfilled resin (MFR) for CAD/CAM would affect initial bond strength to luting agent. Inorganic elements of PIC and MFR were different with shape and ingredient observed by SEM, STEM and EDS. Microtensile bond strengths (µTBS) value of PIC was increased by 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP) and acetic acid (AA)- or MDP-activated silane treatment, and further increased by succeeding heat treatment (HT). The µTBS of MFR was increased by MDP and MDP-activated silane, but decreased by AA-activated silane without HT. The HT improved the µTBS of MFR with AA-activated silane, but conversely for MDP-activated silane. Only in MFR, phosphoric acid (PA) application before each surface treatment dramatically decreased the µTBS of AA-activated silane. FTIR peaks in MFR shifted according to phosphate group's peak. MFR would possess high phosphate group adsorption capacity, with MDP effectively improving its bonding capability.

DOI： 10.4012/dmj.2020-029

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SAGE Publications  

Ceramic restorations are often adhesively luted onto the tooth prep. The so-called touch-cure concept was developed to yield optimum polymerization of composite cement at the restoration-cement-tooth interface for immediate bond stabilization. Although this touch cure is theorized to initiate polymerization at the interface when the accelerator in the primer makes contact with the cement, this process has not yet been proven. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism of touch cure by measuring the degree of conversion (DC) of composite cement applied with or without an accelerator-containing tooth primer (TP) versus an accelerator-free primer using real-time Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (RT-FTIR) and attenuated total reflection (ATR)–FTIR. Interfacial bond strength was measured in shear mode, the accelerator composition confirmed by X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF), and the interfacial interaction of TP and composite cement with dentin investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), focused-ion-beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) with 3-dimensional interface reconstruction, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RT/ATR-FTIR revealed the significantly highest DC when the composite cement was applied with the accelerator-containing primer. XRF disclosed a vanadium compound as a novel chemical accelerator within TP, instead of a classic chemical curing initiator system, to set off touch cure as soon the cement contacts the previously applied primer. Although the TP contains the acidic functional monomer 10-MDP for adhesion to tooth tissue, touch cure using the accelerator-containing TP combined the fastest/highest DC with the highest bond strength. FIB-SEM and TEM confirmed the tight interfacial interaction at dentin with submicron hybridization along with stable 10-MDP also Ca-salt nanolayering.

DOI： 10.1177/00220345211001020

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Other Link： http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full-xml/10.1177/00220345211001020

DOI： 10.20944/preprints202102.0438.v1

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MDPI  

The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of root dentin shear bond strength and pull-out force of resin core build-up materials on flexural strength immediately after setting, after one-day water storage, and after 20,000 thermocycles. Eight core build-up and three luting materials were investigated, using 10 specimens (n = 10) per subgroup. At three time periods-immediately after setting, after one-day water storage, and after 20,000 thermocycles, shear bond strengths to root dentin and pull-out forces were measured. Flexural strengths were measured using a 3-point bending test. For all core build-up and luting materials, the mean data of flexural strength, shear bond strength and pull-out force were the lowest immediately after setting. After one-day storage, almost all the materials yielded their highest results. A weak, but statistically significant, correlation was found between flexural strength and shear bond strength (r = 0.508, p = 0.0026, n = 33). As the pull-out force increased, the flexural strength of core build-up materials also increased (r = 0.398, p = 0.0218, n = 33). Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted using these three independent factors of flexural strength, pull-out force and root dentin shear bond strength, which showed this relationship: Flexural strength = 3.264 × Shear bond strength + 1.533 × Pull out force + 10.870, p = 0.002). For all the 11 core build-up and luting materials investigated immediately after setting, after one-day storage and after 20,000 thermocycles, their shear bond strengths to root dentin and pull-out forces were correlated to the flexural strength in core build-up materials. It was concluded that the flexural strength results of the core build-up material be used in research and quality control for the predictor of the shear bond strength to the root dentin and the retentive force of the post.

DOI： 10.3390/polym12122947

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY  

Several studies have shown the clinical success of hydraulic calcium-silicate cements (hCSCs) for direct and indirect pulp capping and root repair. However, hCSCs have various drawbacks, including long setting time, poor mechanical properties, low bond strength to dentin, and relatively poor handling characteristics. To overcome these limitations, a light-curable, resin-based hCSC (Theracal LC, Bisco) was commercially introduced; however, it did not exhibit much improvement in bond strength. We developed a light-curable self-adhesive pulp-capping material that contains the novel acrylamide monomer N,N'-{[(2-acrylamido-2-[(3-acrylamidopropoxy)methyl]propane-1,3-diyl)bis(oxy)]bis(propane-1,3-diyl)}diacrylamide (FAM-401) and the functional monomer 4-methacryloxyethyl trimellitate anhydride (4-MET). Two experimental resin-based hCSCs containing different calcium sources (portlandite: Exp_Pl; tricalcium silicate cement: Exp_TCS) were prepared, and the commercial hCSCs Theracal LC and resin-free hCSC Biodentine served as controls. The performance of each cement was evaluated based on parameters relevant for vital pulp therapy, such as curing degree on a wet surface, mechanical strength, as determined using a three-point bending test, shear bond strength to dentin, cytotoxicity, as determined using an MTT assay, and the amount of calcium released, as determined using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Both experimental cements cured on wet surfaces and showed relatively low cytotoxicity. Furthermore, their flexural and shear bond strength to dentin were significantly higher than those of the commercial references. High calcium release was observed for both Exp_Pl and Biodentine. Thus, Exp_Pl as a new self-adhesive pulp-capping agent performed better than the commercial resin-based pulp-capping agent in terms of mechanical strength, bond strength, and calcium release.

DOI： 10.1039/d0tb00079e

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

OBJECTIVE: Hydrofluoric-acid etching followed by silanization is a routine clinical protocol for durable bonding to glass ceramics. Simplifying ceramic-bonding procedures, new technological developments involve the inclusion of a silane coupling agent in a self-adhesive composite cement. To investigate the effectiveness of the incorporated silane coupling agent, shear bond strength (SB) to ceramic and dentin, contact angle of water (CA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) assessments were correlatively conducted. MATERIALS AND METHODS: SB to glass ceramic was measured without ('immediate') and with ('aged') 50K thermocycles upon application of (1) the silane-containing self-adhesive composite cement Panavia SA Cement Universal ('SAU'), being light-cured: 'SAU_light', (2) 'SAU_chem': chemically cured SAU, (3) 'SAP_light': light-cured Panavia SA Cement Plus ('SAP'), and (4) 'SAP_CP': SAP light-cured after separate silanization using Clearfil Ceramic Primer Plus ('CP'). CA was also measured on glass ceramic. The cement pastes before and upon mixing were characterized using 29Si NMR. SB of SAU or SAP onto dentin was measured. Finally, the cement-dentin interface was characterized by TEM and XRD. RESULTS: The immediate and aged SB to glass ceramic of SAU did not significantly differ from those of SAP_CP, while they were significantly higher than those of SAP. CA of SAU did not significantly differ from that of SAP_CP, but it was significantly higher than CA of SAP. 29Si NMR revealed siloxane bonds after mixture. SB of SAU and SAP to dentin did not show any significant difference. SEM, TEM and XRD confirmed tight and chemical interaction, respectively. SIGNIFICANCE: Incorporating silane in a 10-MDP-based self-adhesive composite cement combined efficient silane-coupling ability at the ceramic surface with effective bonding ability at dentin.

DOI： 10.1016/j.dental.2020.04.014

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD  

This study investigated the mechanical properties, bond ability, and crystallographic forms of different sites in a highly translucent, multi-layered zirconia disk. Flexural properties, bond ability to resin cement, and phase composition were investigated at three sites of a highly translucent, multi-layered zirconia disk: incisal, middle, and cervical. Flexural strength (FS) and flexural modulus (FM) were measured with static three-point flexural test. Shear bond strength (SB) to resin cement was measured after 24 h storage (37°C). Phase composition under mechanical stress was analyzed using X-ray diffraction. Without air abrasion, FS at the incisal site yielded the lowest value and was significantly lower than the middle and cervical sites. Air abrasion lowered the FS of each site. FM at the incisal site without air abrasion showed the significantly lowest value, and air abrasion increased its FM value. At the middle and cervical sites, their FM values were higher than the incisal site but were not significantly affected by air abrasion. SB value did not show significant differences among the sites. After sintering, cubic zirconia was detected at each site. Rhombohedral phase transformation occurred after mirror polishing. In highly translucent, multi-layered zirconia which was mainly composed of cubic zirconia, rhombohedral phase transformation occurred under mechanical stress and resulted in weakened mechanical properties.

DOI： 10.1177/2280800020942717

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Public Library of Science (PLoS)  

This study investigated the effects on gap formation in Class I restorations (observed by vertical and horizontal forms of inspection) and on the mechanical properties of nine resin composite filling materials when the restorations were subject to finishing immediately after setting or after one-day water storage. Class I restorations with resin composite fillings were polished either immediately (3 min) after setting or after one-day water storage. Interfacial gap formation (observed by vertical inspection) was assessed using 14 gap measurement points along the interface between the restoration and cavity walls and floor (n = 10 per resin composite; total points measured per time point = 140). For marginal gaps formed at cavosurface margins in Class I cavities and in Teflon molds, marginal gap formation (observed by horizontal inspection) was assessed by measuring the maximum gap-width and opposing width (if any). Effects on mechanical properties were assessed by measuring shear bond strengths to enamel and dentin, flexural strength and modulus. After one-day storage, marginal gap-widths in Class I restorations were significantly decreased for all composites, alongside a significant increase in shear bond strengths to enamel and dentin, flexural strength and modulus. Resin composite-filled Class I restorations which were polished after one-day delay presented lower gap formation compared with finishing immediately after setting.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0183381

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

OBJECTIVE: Bioactive glasses and surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (sPRG) filler possess cariostatic properties owing to ion release. Many studies investigated potential cariostatic effects; few studies evaluated the surface stability and the structural changes their surfaces undergo in acidic conditions. METHODS: The surface resistance against acid attack and the surface receptiveness for bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation of a sPRG-filled (Beautifil ll, Shofu) and conventional glass-filled (Herculite XRV Ultra, Kerr) resin-based composite (RBC), and a conventional glass-ionomer cement (GIC; Fuji IX GP Extra, GC) were examined. Specimens (n=3) were immersed in distilled water or lactic acid (pH 4.0) for 3 days. Bacterial growth and biofilm formation were recorded using optical density and SEM. RESULTS: Upon 3-day immersion in lactic acid, the surface of the sPRG-filled RBC revealed multiple holes, while virtually no change in surface integrity was observed for the conventional RBC and GIC. Bacterial growth measurements revealed that none of the materials inhibited Streptococcus mutans (p<0.05). Remarkably, cross-sectional SEM revealed that S. mutans had penetrated the etch pits induced by lactic acid in/around the sPRG filler. Ion-release measurements revealed that sPRG-filled RBC released boron and fluoride, while GIC only released fluoride. However, the concentration of ions released by both materials appeared not sufficient to inhibit bacterial growth. Moreover, the structural surface change and resultant increased surface roughness appeared to have promoted biofilm formation. SIGNIFICANCE: While having bioactive potential through ion release, the stability of surface integrity of bioactive materials is a key-parameter to be assessed with regard to their cariostatic potential.

DOI： 10.1016/j.dental.2017.04.002

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCI LTD  

Objectives. Dental ceramic surfaces are modified with silane coupling agents, such as gamma-ymethacryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane (gamma-MPTS), to improve bond strength. For bonding between lithium disilicate glass ceramic and resin cement, the objective was to investigate if 8-methacryloxyoctyl trimethoxy silane (8 -MOTS) could yield a similar performance as the widely used gamma-MPTS.
Methods. One hundred and ten lithium disilicate glass ceramic specimens were randomly divided into 11 groups (n = 10) according to pretreatment regime. All specimens were pre-treated with a different solution composed of one or a combination of these agents: 10 or 20 wt% silane coupling agent of gamma-MPTS or 8 -MOTS, followed by a hydrolysis solution of acetic acid or 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (10-MDP). Each pretreated surface was luted to a stainless steel rod of 3.6 mm diameter and 2.0 mm height with resin cement. Shear bond strength between ceramic and cement was measured after 24-h storage in 37 degrees C distilled water.
Results. 8 -MOTS produced the same bonding performance as gamma-MPTS. Both silane coupling agents significantly increased the bond strength of resin cement, depending on their concentration. When activated by 10-MDP hydrolysis solution, 20 wt% concentration produced the highest values (gamma-MPTS: 24.9 +/- 5.1 MPa; 8 -MOTS: 24.6 +/- 7.4 MPa). Hydrolysis with acetic acid produced lower bond strengths than with 10-MDP.
Significance. Silane coupling pretreatment with 8 -MOTS increased the initial bond strength between lithium disilicate glass ceramic and resin cement, rendering the same bonding effect as the conventional gamma-MPTS. (C) 2016 The Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.dental.2016.11.004

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCI LTD  

Objective. CAD-CAM blocks to fabricate semi-direct and indirect restorations are available in different sorts of ceramics as well as composite. In order to bond restorations prepared out of composite blocks into tooth cavities, it is recommended to gently sandblast the surface prior to the application of a primer/adhesive. Today, the effect of sandblasting composite block surfaces has not thoroughly been investigated. In this study, the ultra-structure of composite CAD-CAM blocks was investigated with special attention to the effect of sandblasting on the surface topography and of silanization on the bonding performance.
Methods. Five different composite CAD-CAM blocks were involved. We correlatively investigated their structural and chemical composition using X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and (scanning) transmission electron microscopy ((S)TEM). The effect of sandblasting was also imaged in cross-section and at the interface with composite cement. Finally, we measured the shear bond strength to the sandblasted block surface with and without silanization.
Results. All composite blocks revealed a different ultra-structure. Sandblasting increased surface roughness and resulted in an irregular surface with some filler exposure. Sandblasting also damaged the surface. When the sandblasted composite blocks were silanized, superior bonding receptiveness in terms of higher bond strength was achieved except for Shofu Block HC.
Significance. Sandblasting followed by silanization improved the bond strength to composite CAD-CAM blocks. However, sandblasting may also damage the composite CAD-CAM block surface. For the composite CAD-CAM block Shofu Block HC, the damage was so severe that silanization did not improve bond strength. (C) 2016 The Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.dental.2016.12.003

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：WICHTIG PUBLISHING  

Background: This study evaluated the surface morphology, chemical composition and adhesiveness of lithium disilicate glass ceramic after acid etching with hydrofluoric acid or phosphoric acid.
Methods: Lithium disilicate glass ceramic specimens polished by 600-grit silicon carbide paper were subjected to one or a combination of these surface treatments: airborne particle abrasion with 50-mu m alumina (AA), etching with 5% hydrofluoric acid (HF) or 36% phosphoric acid (Phos), and application of silane coupling agent (Si). Stainless steel rods of 3.6-mm diameter and 2.0-mm height were cemented onto treated ceramic surfaces with a self-adhesive resin cement (Clearfil SA Cement). Shear bond strengths between ceramic and cement were measured after 24-hour storage in 37 degrees C distilled water.
Results: SEM images of AA revealed the formation of conventional microretentive grooves, but acid etching with HF or Phos produced a porous surface. Bond strengths of AA+HF+Si (28.1 +/- 6.0 MPa), AA+Phos+Si (17.5 +/- 4.1 MPa) and HF+Si (21.0 +/- 3.0 MPa) were significantly greater than those of non-pretreated controls with Si (9.7 +/- 3.7 MPa) and without Si (4.1 +/- 2.4 MPa) (p&lt;0.05). In addition, HF etching alone (26.2 +/- 7.5 MPa) had significantly higher bond strength than AA alone (11.5 +/- 4.0 MPa) (p&lt;0.05). AA+HF, AA+Phos and HF showed cohesive failures.
Conclusions: Etching with HF or Phos yielded higher bond strength between lithium disilicate glass ceramic and self-adhesive resin cement without microcrack formation.

DOI： 10.5301/jabfm.5000303

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCI LTD  

Objective. For bonding indirect restorations, some 'universal' adhesives incorporate a silane coupling agent to chemically bond to glass-rich ceramics so that a separate ceramic primer is claimed to be no longer needed. With this work, we investigated the effectiveness/stability of the silane coupling function of the silanecontaining experimentally prepared adhesives and Scotchbond Universal (3MESPE).
Methods and materials. Experimental adhesives consisted of Scotchbond Universal and the silane-free Clearfil S3 ND Quick (Kuraray Noritake) mixed with Clearfil Porcelain Bond Activator (Kuraray Noritake) and the two adhesives to which gamma-methacryloxypropyl-trimethoxysilane (gamma-MPTS) was added. Shear bond strength was measured onto silica-glass plates; the adhesive formulations were analyzed using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). In addition, shear bond strength onto CAD-CAM composite blocks was measured without and after thermo-cycling ageing.
Results. A significantly higher bond strength was recorded when Clearfil Porcelain Bond Activator was freshly mixed with the adhesive. Likewise, the experimental adhesives, to which gamma-MPTS was added, revealed a significantly higher bond strength, but only when the adhesive was applied immediately after mixing; delayed application resulted in a significantly lower bond strength. FTIR and C-13 NMR revealed hydrolysis and dehydration condensation to progress with the time after gamma-MPTS was mixed with the two adhesives. After thermocycling, the bond strength onto CAD-CAM composite blocks remained stable only for the two adhesives with which Clearfil Porcelain Bond Activator was mixed.
Significance. Only the silane coupling effect of freshly prepared silanecontaining adhesives was effective. Clinically, the use of a separate silane primer or silane freshly mixed with the adhesive remains recommended to bond glass-rich ceramics. (C) 2016 The Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.dental.2016.07.007

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE  

Background
Sandblasting particles which remain on the surfaces of dental restorations are removed prior to cementation. It is probable that adhesive strength between luting material and sandblasting particle remnants might exceed that with restorative material. If that being the case, blasting particles adhere to sandblasted material surface could be instrumental to increasing adhesive strength like underlying bonding mechanism between luting material and silanized particles of tribochemical silica coating-treated surface. We hypothesize that ultrasonic cleaning of bonding surfaces, which were pretreated with sandblasting, may affect adhesive strength of a resin luting material to dental restorative materials.
Methods
We therefore observed adhesive strength of resin luting material to aluminum oxide was greater than those to zirconia ceramic and cobalt-chromium alloy beforehand. To measure the shear bond strengths of resin luting material to zirconia ceramic and cobalt-chromium alloy, forty specimens of each restorative material were prepared. Bonding surfaces were polished with silicon abrasive paper and then treated with sandblasting. For each restorative material, 40 sandblasted specimens were equally divided into two groups: ultrasonic cleaning (USC) group and non-ultrasonic cleaning (NUSC) group. After resin luting material was polymerized on bonding surface, shear test was performed to evaluate effect of ultrasonic cleaning of bonding surfaces pretreated with sandblasting on bond strength.
Results
For both zirconia ceramic and cobalt-chromium alloy, NUSC group showed significantly higher shear bond strength than USC group.
Conclusions
Ultrasonic cleaning of dental restorations after sandblasting should be avoided to retain improved bonding between these materials.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0147077

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本接着歯学会  

6種の接着システム[3種の処理材併用のレジンセメント;RelyX Ultimate(3M)、Resicem(Shofu)、ESTECEM(Tokuyama Dental)、2種の処理材を併用しないレジンセメント;G-Cem Cerasmart(GC)、SA Luting Plus(Kuraray Noritake Dental)、および1種のレジン配合型グラスアイオノマーセメント;Resiglass(Shofu)]を使用して硬化直後と1日後の象牙質に対する接着強さを検討、次に6種のCAD/CAM冠用レジンブロック[Lava Ultimate(3M)、Cerasmart(GC)、Shofu HC Block(Shofu)、ESTELITE BLOCK(Tokuyama Dental)、KZR-CAD HR(Yamakin)、KATANA Avencia (Kuraray Noritake Dental)]に対して1日後の被着面のサンドブラスト処理有無の影響も接着強さから検討した。その結果、象牙質に対する接着強さは、いずれのセメントも1日後の方が、硬化直後と比較して有意に高い値を示した(t-Test、p<0.05)。1日後のCAD/CAM冠用レジンブロックに対する接着強さは、4種の接着システム(Lava UltimateにScotchbond Universal Adhesive/RelyX Ultimateで接着させた場合、CerasmartにCeramic Primer II/G-Cem Cerasmartで接着させた場合、ESTELITE BLOCKにUNIVERSAL PRIMER/ESTECEMで接着させた場合、KZR-CAD HRにScotchbond Universal Adhesive/RelyX Ultimateで接着させた場合)にサンドブラスト処理することで有意に高い値を示した(t-Test、p<0.05)。しかし、それ以外の3種の接着システム(Shofu HC BlockにPorcelain Primer/Resicemで接着させた場合、Shofu HC BlockにResiglassで接着させた場合、KATANA AvenciaにClearfil Ceramic Primer/SA Luting Plusで接着させた場合)はサンドブラスト処理しても有意に高い値を示さなかった(t-Test、p>0.05)。(著者抄録)

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCI LTD  

Objective. The functional monomer 10-MDP has been considered as one of the best performing functional monomers for dental adhesives. Different adhesives containing 10-MDP are commercially available, among which many so-called 'universal' adhesives. We hypothesize that the quality of the functional monomer 10-MDP in terms of purity may affect bonding performance.
Methods. We therefore characterized three different 10-MDP versions (10-MDP_KN provided by Kuraray Noritake; 10-MDP_PCM provided by PCM; 10-MDP_DMI provided by DMI) using NMR, and analyzed their ability to form 10-MDP_Ca salts on dentin using XRD. The 'immediate' and 'aged' micro-tensile bond strength (mu TBS) to dentin of three experimental 10-MDP primers was measured. The resultant interfacial adhesive-dentin ultra-structure was characterized using TEM.
Results. NMR disclosed impurities and the presence of 10-MDP dimer in 10-MDP_PCM and 10-MDP_DMI. 10-MDP_PCM and 10-MDP_DMI appeared also sensitive to hydrolysis. 10-MDP_KN, on the contrary, contained less impurities and dimer, and did not undergo hydrolysis. XRD revealed more intense 10-MDP_Ca salt deposition on dentin induced by 10-MDP_KN. The adhesive based on the experimental 10-MDP_KN primer resulted in a significantly higher 'immediate' bond strength that remained stable upon aging; the mu TBS of the experimental 10-MDP_PCM and 10-MDP_DMI adhesives significantly dropped upon aging. TEM revealed thicker hybridization and more intense nano-layering for 10-MDP_KN.
Significance. It was concluded that primer impurities and the presence of 10-MDP dimer affected not only hybridization, but also reduced the formation of 10-MDP_Ca salts and nano-layering. 10-MDP in a high purity grade is essential to achieve durable bonding. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Academy of Dental Materials. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.dental.2015.09.019

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

Objective. High flexural properties are needed for fixed partial denture or implant prosthesis to resist susceptibility to failures caused by occlusal overload. The aim of this investigation was to clarify the effects of four different kinds of fibers on the flexural properties of fiber-reinforced composites. Materials and methods. Polyethylene fiber, glass fiber and two types of carbon fibers were used for reinforcement. Seven groups of specimens, 2 x 2 x 25 mm, were prepared (n = 10 per group). Four groups of resin composite specimens were reinforced with polyethylene, glass or one type of carbon fiber. The remaining three groups served as controls, with each group comprising one brand of resin composite without any fiber. After 24-h water storage in 37 degrees C distilled water, the flexural properties of each specimen were examined with static three-point flexural test at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Results. Compared to the control without any fiber, glass and carbon fibers significantly increased the flexural strength (p &lt; 0.05). On the contrary, the polyethylene fiber decreased the flexural strength (p &lt; 0.05). Among the fibers, carbon fiber exhibited higher flexural strength than glass fiber (p &lt; 0.05). Similar trends were observed for flexural modulus and fracture energy. However, there was no significant difference in fracture energy between carbon and glass fibers (p &gt; 0.05). Conclusion. Fibers could, therefore, improve the flexural properties of resin composite and carbon fibers in longitudinal form yielded the better effects for reinforcement.

DOI： 10.3109/00016357.2014.958875

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本接着歯学会  

接着性レジンセメントシステムRelyX Ultimate/Scotchbond Universal Adhesive(3M)の、5種CAD/CAM冠用レジンブロック(Lava Ultimate:3M、CeraSmart:ジーシー、松風HC Block:松風、KZR-CAD HR:山本貴金属地金、KATANA Avencia:クラレノリタケデンタル)に対する接着強さに及ぼすサンドブラストおよびコジェット・サンドブラスト処理の影響を検討した。その結果、サンドブラストあるいはコジェット・サンドブラスト処理することにより、無処理と比較して全てのブロックにおいて有意に接着強さは向上した。ただし、サンドブラスト処理が有効か、コジェット・サンドブラスト処理が有効かは、それぞれのCAD/CAM冠用レジンブロックによって異なることが示された。(著者抄録)

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCI LTD  

Objectives. Polymerization shrinkage developed in vertical and horizontal directions after light activation of light-curing composite restorative materials. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of vertical and horizontal polymerization shrinkage on: (a) dimensional changes of resin composites in tooth cavities; (b) shear bond strengths to enamel and dentin; and (c) marginal gap width in a non-reacting Teflon mold.
Methods. Vertical and horizontal polymerization shrinkage in tooth cavities were measured immediately (3 min) after light activation. With the same time lapse, shear bond strengths to enamel and dentin and marginal gap widths in Teflon mold were also measured.
Results. There was a significant correlation between vertical and horizontal polymerization shrinkage (r = 0.647, p = 0.043) in the tooth cavity. Composite materials which produced small vertical shrinkage also produced smaller horizontal shrinkage. Composite materials which produced small vertical shrinkage in the tooth cavity exhibited greater shear bond strengths to both enamel (r = -0.697, p = 0.025) and dentin (r = -0.752, p = 0.012). Composite materials which produced smaller horizontal shrinkage produced smaller marginal gap widths in the Teflon mold (r = 0.829, p = 0.003). No relationships were observed between horizontal shrinkage in the tooth cavity and shear bond strengths to both enamel and dentin (p &gt; 0.05).
Significance. During the early stage of setting (&lt;3 min) in tooth cavities, the vertical shrinkage of light-activated composite restorative materials was correlated with horizontal shrinkage. (C) 2014 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.dental.2014.02.018

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本接着歯学会  

コンポジットレジンシステム(以後CRSと表記)における初期硬化頃の歯質接着強さの推移を詳細に把握するため、光照射直後から24時間後までのエナメル質および象牙質に対する接着強さを測定した。材料は、市販の9種のCRS[QuiXX+Xeno IV(Dentsply/Caulk)、Filtek P-60+Adper Prompt L-Pop(3M ESPE)、Herculite XRV+OptiBond All-in-One(Kerr)、Tetric N-Ceram+AdheSE One VivaPen(Ivoclar Vivadent)、Solare P+G-Bond(GC)、BEAUTIFIL II+BeautiBond(Shofu)、Metafil AP+Brush & Bond(SunMedical)、Estelite P quick+Tokuyama Bond Force(Tokuyama Dental)、Clearfil Majesty Posterior+Clearfil tri-S Bond(Kuraray Noritake Dental)]を用いた。方法として、エナメル質および象牙質に対するせん断接着強さを、光照射直後、10分間、30分間、1時間、6時間、12時間および24時間37℃蒸留水中に浸漬後、測定した。その結果、エナメル質では、光照射直後の接着強さ(8.0-14.6 MPa)は、24時間後(13.6-21.8 MPa)の51-86%を示し、光照射直後と比較して、10分後では3種のCRSが、6時間後では3種のCRSにおいてそれぞれ有意に接着強さが向上した。象牙質では、光照射直後の接着強さ(7.8-13.3 MPa)は、24時間後(11.0-23.3 MPa)の54-73%を示し、光照射直後の接着強さと比較して、1時間後では1種のCRSが、6時間後では7種のCRSにおいてそれぞれ有意に接着強さが向上した。よって、CRSの歯質接着強さは、光照射直後からほぼ24時間後まで経時的に徐々に向上することが示された。(著者抄録)

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCI LTD  

Objectives. The functional monomer 10-methacryloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (10-MDP), recently used in more self-etch adhesives, chemically bonds to hydroxyapatite (HAp) and thus tooth tissue. Although the interfacial interaction of the phosphoric-acid functional group of 10-MDP with HAp-based substrates has well been documented, the effect of the long carbon-chain spacer of 10-MDP on the bonding effectiveness is far from understood.
Methods. We investigated three phosphoric-acid monomers, 2-methacryloyloxyethyl dihydrogen phosphate (2-MEP), 6-methacryloyloxyhexyl dihydrogen phosphate (6-MHP) and 10-MDP, that only differed for the length of the carbon chain, on their chemical interaction potential with HAp and dentin, this correlatively using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Commercial 6-MHP and 10-MDP containing adhesives were investigated as well.
Results. XRD revealed that on HAp only 10-MDP produced monomer-calcium salts in the form of 'nano-layering', while on dentin all monomers produced 'nano-layering', but with a varying intensity in the order of 10-MDP &gt; 6-MHP &gt; 2-MEP. TEM confirmed that 10-MDP formed the thickest hybrid and adhesive layer. XRD and TEM revealed 'nano-layering' for all commercial adhesives on dentin, though less intensively for the 6-MHP containing adhesive than for the 10-MDP ones.
Significance. It is concluded that not only the phosphoric-acid group but also the spacer group, and its length, affect the chemical interaction potential with HAp and dentin. In addition, the relatively strong 'etching'' effect of 10-MDP forms more stable monomer-Ca salts, or 'nano-layering', than the two shorter carbon-chain monomers tested, thereby explaining, at least in part, the better bond durability documented with 10-MDP containing adhesives. (c) 2013 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.dental.2013.05.006

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Objective: A theoretical model, based on fluid dynamics, was developed to measure impression pressure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of this theoretical model by comparing its theoretical analysis against actual pressure measurements conducted using an impression tray and edentulous oral mucosa analog embedded with pressure sensors. Methods: In the theoretical model, a hollow tube was mounted onto an impression tray by penetrating through the tray. When force was applied to the tray, pressure was produced which then caused the impression material to flow into the hollow tube. Length of impression material which flowed into tube was denoted as l. In the calculation formula for theoretical model, pressure impulse I was expressed as a function of impression flow length l. For actual pressure measurements, four electric pressure sensors were embedded in an experimental edentulous arch. To visually observe and measure length of impression material flow, four transparent silicon tubes were mounted vertically at different positions on tray. During tray seating, impression material flowed into tubes and pressure which caused material flow movement was measured by the embedded sensor at each tube's position. Results: Based on actual pressure measurements under one experimental condition, regression analysis of pressure data acquired from electric sensors yielded the formula, Y = 0.056X2 + 0.124X. Based on theoretical analysis using a particular viscosity value, the numerical formula yielded was Y = 0.057X2, which resembled that of the regression formula. Significance: Theoretical model presented in this paper augured well for clinical application as an easy and economical means to examine magnitude and distribution of impression pressure by measuring lengths of impression material flow in tubes fixed to impression tray. © 2013 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.dental.2013.02.005

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本接着歯学会  

5種の合着用レジン添加型グラスアイオノマーセメント[RMGICs:Fuji Luting EX、Fuji Luting S(ジーシー)、RelyX Luting Plus Automix、Vitremer Paste(スリーエム・エスペ)、ResiGlass Paste(松風)]の歯質接着性と曲げ特性を測定、レジンセメント[SA Luting(クラレノリタケ・デンタル)]と比較した。エナメル質と象牙質に対するせん断接着強さと曲げ強さと曲げ弾性率を、初期硬化、1時間水中浸漬後および1日間水中浸漬後測定した。1時間水中浸漬後のRMGICsとレジンセメントの歯質接着強さは、初期硬化より有意に高く、1日間水中浸漬後の歯質接着強さは1時間水中浸漬後より有意に高かった。曲げ特性に関しては類似の傾向を示したが、レジンセメントはRMGICsと比較して有意に高い値を示した。RMGICsのエナメル質と象牙質に対する接着強さと曲げ特性はそれぞれ有意な正の関係にあった。(著者抄録)

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL  

Background. After resection of maxillofacial tumors, severe functional problems related to mastication, deglutition, and speech are observed in addition to the changes in appearance and psychosocial functioning. Although speech outcome is recovered with prosthetic treatments, patients sometimes complain of continued dissatisfaction with their speech. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential dissatisfaction of patients with maxillectomy defects during speech.
Methods. Sixteen patients with maxillary obturator were compared with a matched control group. Functional improvement by the maxillofacial prosthesis was confirmed using a speech intelligibility test, a chewing function score, and visual analogue scale on subjective satisfaction. Cortisol and chromogranin A (CgA) were evaluated after prescribed speech tasks.
Results. CgA in patients with maxillectomy defects was significantly higher than that in the control group (p &lt; .05), even after the functional improvement by maxillofacial prosthesis.
Conclusion. It was revealed that patients with maxillectomy defects have significant psychological stresses during speech, even when their maxillofacial prosthesis resulted in successful functional improvement. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 33: 620-626, 2011

DOI： 10.1002/hed.21508

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MOSHER & LINDER, INC  

PURPOSE: To clarify the effects of the addition of silanized (S) and unsilanized (U) spherical silica filler to resin-modified glass-ionomer cement and of powder-liquid ratio on (1) the early marginal gap-width of restorations in both tooth cavities and Teflon molds, (2) the gap-formation of restorations in Class V cavities, and (3) the compressive strength of the cement. METHODS: Resin-modified glass-ionomer powder (Fuji II LC EM, GC) was modified by adding 5 and 10 wt% of powder respectively, of S and U, and then the powder-liquid ratio was increased up to 4.8. Human premolars, extracted for orthodontic reasons, were used for this study. Cylindrical cavities (1.5 mm deep, 3.5 mm in diameter; one cavity was prepared in each tooth in the coronal region and medial surface) were prepared in extracted human premolar teeth and restored with resin-modified glass-ionomer cements. Each restoration margin was inspected immediately after curing and polishing (as the immediate condition was the most severe), the maximum gap-width and the opposing width (if any) were determined microscopically (n = 10). An additional test was conducted in model Class V cavities. After finishing of restorations in model Class V cavities, each tooth was sectioned in a bucco-lingual direction through the center of the restoration, and the presence or absence of gaps along the cavity interface was evaluated (n = 10). Additionally, the maximum marginal gap-width and the opposing-width along margins of restorations in cylindrical Teflon molds were measured (n= 10). The compressive strengths of the restorative materials were determined immediately after light-activation (n = 10). RESULTS: Marginal gap (tooth cavity: 0.32 to 0.25-0.20%, P < 0.05; Teflon cavity: 0.94 to 0.6-0.8%, P < 0.05) and cavity adaptation (no gap in the Class V: 22 to 40-50%, P < 0.05) of the restorations improved with increasing powder-liquid ratio (3.0 to 4.4-4.8) and compressive strength increased (111 to 150-170 MPa, P < 0.05). Highly significant correlation coefficients were found for the relationships between powder-liquid ratio and (1) percentage of marginal gap width in the tooth cavity (r = -0.96, P = 0.002, n = 6), (2) gap-free tooth/cement interfaces (r = 0.90, P = 0.015, n = 6), (3) percentage of marginal gap widths in the Teflon mold (r = 0.98, P = 0.0004, n = 6) and (4) compressive strengths of the cements (r = 0.95, P = 0.004, n = 6).

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.2961/jlmn.2011.02.0014

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本接着歯学会  

試作合着用レジン添加型グラスアイオノマーセメント、ResiGlass Paste(ペーストタイプ、松風)の接着性や機械的性質を測定し、市販のFuji Luting S(ジーシー)やVitremer Paste(スリーエムエスペ)と比較検討した。硬化直後と1日間水中浸漬後の象牙質、ジルコニアおよびアルミナに対するせん断接着強さ、硬化直後、1日間水中浸漬後、サーマルサイクル(TC、5℃/55℃)10000回および40000回後の曲げ強さおよび曲げ弾性率を測定した。ResiGlass Pasteの3種の被着面(象牙質、ジルコニア、アルミナ)に対する接着強さは、Fuji Luting Sと比較して有意に低い値を示し、Vitremer Pasteと比較して有意差がなかった(象牙質を除く)。SI-R20707の曲げ強さは、Vitremer Pasteとは有意差がなく(TCを除く)、Fuji Luting Sと比較して高い値を示した(硬化直後を除く)。ResiGlass Pasteの曲げ弾性率は、Fuji Luting SやVitremer Pasteとは有意差がなかったが(TCを除く)、TC条件ではFuji Luting Sと比較して低い値を示した。(著者抄録)

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

Objective: Intensive mechanical stress and/or inflammation are known to induce alveolar bone resorption. This study investigated whether a distribution of mechanical stress would reduce residual ridge resorption or improve ischaemia.
Design: Thirty rats were divided into six experimental groups (n = 5). The control group received no intentional stimulation, but rats in the experimental groups wore denture stimulators made of acrylic resin or a soft lining material. The stimulator transmitted masticatory pressure to the rats&apos; palates for four weeks. The four types of soft lining materials investigated in this study dispersed the applied pressure, with compressive stress ranging from 20.8 to 90.8 kPa. Volumes of blood flow and bone resorption of denture foundations were measured every week for 4 weeks. Statistical evaluation of these results was performed using two-way ANOVA and Holm-Sidak test within 5% error limits.
Results: Non-viscoelastic material clearly induced bone resorption and ischaemia of denture foundations, while viscoelastic materials reduced these phenomena to different extents according to their viscoelastic properties. Ischaemia in the alveolar ridge preceded residual ridge resorption, because the amount of residual ridge resorption and blood flow rate showed a simple linear regression.
Conclusion: Animal model of this study suggested that a distribution or reduction of mechanical stress could improve blood flow and decrease alveolar ridge resorption. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2010.07.022

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCI LTD  

Objectives. The aims of this investigation were to investigate dual-cured luting-agents as to whether their bond strength, dimensional change and flexural modulus influence no interfacial-gap incidence parameters of composite inlay restorations during the early stages. The correlations of interest were between: (a) their shear bond strength to dentin, (b) their dimensional change on setting, (c) their flexural modulus, and (d) no interfacial-gap incidence with indirect restorations.
Methods. Seven dual-cured luting-agents, one self-adhesive resin cement, six resin cements and one resin-modified glass-ionomer for luting, were investigated with specimen subgroups (n = 10) for each property measured. The principal series of experiments were conducted in dentin cavities with interfacial polishing either immediately (3 min) after setting or after 1-day water-storage. After the finishing procedure, each tooth was sectioned in a buccolingual direction through the center of the restoration, and the presence or absence of interfacial-gaps was measured (and then summed for each cavity) at 14 points (each 0.5 mm apart) along the composite inlay restoration interface (n = 10 per group; total points measured = 140), and was expressed by percentage of measured total points. The shear bond strengths to dentin, setting shrinkage-strain and flexural modulus were measured. To estimate the dimensional change of luting-agents, the maximum marginal gap-width and the opposing-width that occurred with luting-gents in a Teflon mold were measured. Moduli were measured in 3-point bending.
Results. For all composite inlay restorations, polished immediately after setting, an incidence of summed no-gaps of 69-88% was observed. For specimens polished after 1 day, a significantly (p &lt; 0.05) decreased number of 91-96% summed no-gaps occurred. After 1-day storage, shear bond strengths to dentin and flexural modulus increased highly significantly (p &lt; 0.001) for many materials, whereas dimensional changes in the Teflon mold were non-significantly different (p &gt; 0.05). There was a highly significant correlation between no interfacial-gap incidence and shear bond strength (r = 0.702, p = 0.002, n = 16). As the dimensional change (shrinkage) within Teflon molds increased, the no interfacial-gap incidence of dentin/inlay interfaces with &apos;no-gaps&apos; decreased (r = -0.574, p = 0.02, n = 16). Flexural moduli significantly correlated with no interfacial-gap incidence in the composite inlay restorations (r = 0.695, p = 0.003, n = 16). For three classes of luting-agents during the early stage of setting(&lt;1 day), the shear bond strength to dentin, the dimensional change measured by marginal gaps in Teflon mold and flexural moduli correlated with no interfacial-gap incidence in the composite inlay restoration. (C) 2010 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.dental.2010.02.012

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本接着歯学会  

5種市販コンポジットレジン修復システムを用いて、咬合面円柱窩洞における辺縁ギャップ幅とコンポジットレジンの硬化収縮、あるいはエナメル質および象牙質に対する接着強さとの関係について検討した。ヒト大臼歯咬合面エナメル平面に形成した円柱窩洞(直径3.5mm、深さ1.5mm)を各システム付属の接着材により処理後、コンポジットレジンを充填した。光照射後直ちに表面を研磨し、エナメル窩縁における最大ギャップ幅を測定顕微鏡によって測定した。各コンポジットレジンの硬化収縮を測定するために、テフロンモールドの円柱孔(直径3.5mm、深さ1.5mm)にコンポジットレジンを充填した。光照射後直ちに窩縁部の最大ギャップ幅を同様に計測した。さらに、各修復システムのエナメル質および象牙質に対する初期せん断接着強さを光照射直後に測定した。エナメル窩縁における最大ギャップ幅が大きい修復システムではコンポジットレジンの硬化収縮も大きく、その両者には有意な正の相関関係が認められた(r=0.995、p<0.001)。ギャップ幅とエナメル質あるいは象牙質との接着強さには負の関係が存在したが、有意な相関関係は認められなかった(p>0.05)。(著者抄録)

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：岡山医学会  

症例1は41歳男で、右口腔癌(右頸部転移)T4N1M0、扁平上皮癌の診断で右全頸部郭清術および右上顎骨半側切除術を施行した。顎補綴義歯を装着していたが転倒により中側切歯脱臼および歯槽骨を骨折した。義歯を修理したが、鼻腔に空気が漏れるようになり、口腔と鼻腔、上顎洞への交通を閉鎖するため、血管柄付腓骨皮弁移植を行った。その後、皮弁の脂肪減量術とともに移植腓骨にステリオスインプラントを行った。腓骨皮弁移植後約5年よりインプラント周囲炎、腫脹さらに移植骨吸収をきたしたため、義歯の粘膜接触部縮小、離開させたうえ犬歯部のフィクスチャーを抜去した。また、義歯粘膜面と粘膜を離開するように修正し、口腔清掃を強化したところ、骨は再生され、骨の高さも回復傾向にある。症例2は27歳男で、エナメル上皮腫(叢状型)と診断し、左下顎骨区域切除術およびチタンプレートによる再建術、左腸骨の遊離移植を行ったが、左顎下部より排膿が持続したため壊死骨を摘出し、再度再建プレート固定を行った。患者が永久的な顎骨再建を希望したため、血管柄付腓骨皮弁移植を行い咬合再建のたためインプラントを施行した。骨量の少ない前方にオトガイ部より骨移植し、フィクチャーで固定した。術後5ヵ月に2次手術を行い、プロビジョナル、上部構造を装着した。その後、著明な骨吸収もなく、経過良好である。

DOI： 10.4044/joma.121.17

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：JAPANESE SOC DENTAL MATERIALS DEVICES  

The purpose of this study was to evaluate how ultrasonic cleaning of silica-coated zirconia surfaces would influence the latter's bond strength to resin luting material. Forty zirconia specimens were divided into four groups: one air abrasion group and three silica-coated groups. Silica-coated specimens were cleaned with distilled water using an ultrasonic cleaner after tribochemical silica coating and then divided into three groups according to cleaning durations: I minute, 5 minutes, or without cleaning. Following which, resin luting material was polymerized against the specimens. After storage in water for 24 hours, the specimens were subjected to shear bond strength test. Shear bond strength of silica-coated group without cleaning was significantly higher than the other three groups, but there were no statistically significant differences among the three latter groups. SEM images suggested visible differences among the treatment methods. With EDXS analysis, it was revealed that ultrasonic cleaning decreased the silica content on the treated surfaces. Therefore, results showed that ultrasonic cleaning of tribochemically silica-coated zirconia surfaces decreased the adhesion efficacy to resin luting material.

DOI： 10.4012/dmj.27.842

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：OPERATIVE DENTISTRY INC  

This in vitro study evaluated the effects of delayed versus immediate polishing to permit maturation of interfacial gap-formation around highly viscous conventional glass-ionomer cement (HV-GIC) in Class I restorations, together with determining the associated mechanical properties. Cavity preparations were made on the occlusal surfaces of premolars. Three HV-GICs (Fuji IX GP, GlasIonomer FX-II and Ketac Molar) and one conventional glass-ionomer cement (C-GIC, Fuji II, as a control) were studied, with specimen subgroups (n=10) for each property measured. After polishing, either immediately (six minutes) after setting or after 24 hours storage, the restored teeth were sectioned in a mesiodistal direction through the center of the model Class I restorations. The presence or absence of interfacial-gaps was measured at 1000x magnification at 14 points (each 0.5-mm apart) along the cavity restoration interface (n=10; total points measured per group=140). Marginal gaps were similarly measured in Teflon molds as swelling data, together with shear-bond-strength to enamel and dentin, flexural strength and moduli. For three HV-GICs and one C-GIC, significant differences (p &lt; 0.05) in gap-incidence were observed between polishing immediately and after one-day storage. In the former case, 80-100 gaps were found. In the latter case, only 9-21 gaps were observed. For all materials, their shear-bond-strengths, flexural strength and moduli increased significantly after 24-hour storage.

DOI： 10.2341/07-75

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Prosthodontic Society  

DOI： 10.2186/prp.7.117

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Language：English   Publisher：Japan Prosthodontic Society  

Denture wearers often claim an alteration of taste and oral senses. There are many sensory spots on the hard palate but not taste receptors, so a palatal appliance does not cover taste receptors. Thus, the causes of these claims are not fully understood. In this experiment, we examined the effects of an experimental palatal appliance on taste and form discrimination ability. We took maxillary impressions and made a palatal appliance of acrylic resin. The subjects were seven healthy women (aged 21 to 25). They were divided randomly into two groups and the following two experiments were performed. Experiment 1: we checked the taste threshold for four basic taste stimuli (sucrose, NaCl, acetic acid, and hydrochloric acid quinine) by means of the whole mouth test and filter paper-disk method. Experiment 2: we examined their form discrimination ability. For form discrimination ability, we prepared test blocks of four forms of different sizes. Volunteers were asked to put one of the blocks into their mouth, and to identify the form of the block. There was no significant difference in the taste threshold whether they were wearing a palatal appliance or not. In form discrimination ability, there was no significant difference between subjects with and without a palatal appliance. The insertion of a palatal appliance causes few, if any, changes in oral senses. This study suggests that the alteration of oral senses after wearing dentures may be due to mental factors, the contact of food and oral mucosa, and the flow, flavor, and temperature of food and so on.

DOI： 10.2186/prp.7.186

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Language：English   Publisher：Japan Prosthodontic Society  

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the area and weight of removable dentures could influence patients' satisfaction with their dentures. The weight and area (projected area on occlusal plane) of 37 maxillary removable resin-based dentures fabricated in Okayama University Hospital were measured. Full consent from all of the denture users examined in this study was obtained prior to the test. Examination of the visual analogue scale (VAS) for denture satisfaction (0-100%) was performed for 13 users of these dentures. Statistical correlation between the denture areas and the number of missing teeth, and between denture weights and the number of missing teeth was examined. Statistical correlation between the VAS satisfaction level for dentures and the area&frasl;number of missing teeth, and between the VAS satisfaction level for dentures and the weight&frasl;number of missing teeth was also examined. A positive correlation was observed between the area of the denture base and the number of missing teeth (r = 0.854, p<0.001). A positive correlation was also observed between denture weight and the number of missing teeth (r = 0.842, p<0.001). According to the increase of the number of missing teeth, the area and weight of dentures increased. Therefore, the statistical level was estimated by dividing area and weight by the number of missing teeth. Positive correlation was observed between the VAS satisfaction level and the area&frasl;number of missing teeth (r = 0.645, p=0.017); in contrast, no statistical correlation was observed between the VAS satisfaction level and the weight&frasl;number of missing teeth. A positive correlation was observed between patients' satisfaction and area of the denture base&frasl;number of missing teeth. Patients' satisfaction with removable maxillary dentures did not depend merely on decreasing the size of the denture base.

DOI： 10.2186/prp.7.174

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Language：English   Publisher：Japan Prosthodontic Society  

Severe speech difficulty is often caused after surgery for oral cancer. Prosthetic treatment with a removable obturator prosthesis is generally provided for such patients. To evaluate speech ability objectively, a speech intelligibility test has been used. In the previous report, the authors showed that measuring electrical resistance changes of skin caused by electrodermal response (galvanic skin response: GSR) during speech could be a useful method for assessing speech dissatisfaction of patients after oral cancer surgery; however, it is not clear that GSR can reflect the severity of speech disability. In the present study, the score obtained from evaluation methods for speech dissatisfaction using the GSR of maxillectomy patients was compared with speech intelligibility test and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores for speech satisfaction. A low correlation coefficient was observed between VAS improvement score and each of the two other scores (GSR improvement and speech intelligibility improvement scores). High correlation was observed between speech intelligibility improvement and GSR improvement scores. From these results, it is suggested that measuring electrical resistance change of skin during speech could reflect the severity of speech disability after oral cancer surgery.

DOI： 10.2186/prp.7.165

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS  

This paper describes a closed, hollow obturator with a nondetachable screw cap to seal the access hole that also allows cleaning of the inside of the bulb. A small screw cap was fabricated from a cobalt-chromium alloy. This screw was screwed to the access hole prepared at the top of the hollow obturator and when removed allows the inside of the obturator to be cleaned through the access hole. At the end of the screw, a preformed cobalt-chromium wire was attached that works as the safety retention mechanism of the screw. This ensures the screw in not aspirated or swallowed if it becomes unscrewed and falls from the prosthesis during wear in the patient's mouth. This device enables the patient to clean the inside of the closed obturator at home.

DOI： 10.1097/scs.0b013e3180f61169

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：JAPANESE SOC DENTAL MATERIALS DEVICES  

The aim of this study was to investigate how to achieve sufficient and stable adhesive strength between impression material and tray. Impression materials were molded between autopolymerizing resin columns, and tensile strength was measured as a function of these factors: tray storage time (1, 2, 4, 7, and 10 days), adhesive drying time (0, 1, 5, 10, and 15 minutes), and tray surface roughness (air abrasion, bur-produced roughness, and no treatment). Tensile bond strength was not affected by tray storage time throughout the entire evaluation period of 10 days. As for tray adhesive drying time, Reprosil and Exaimplant yielded extremely low values for drying times of 10 minutes or less (P &lt; 0.05), while Imprint 11 and Impregum were not influenced by drying time. Vinyl polysiloxane achieved the highest adhesive strength with bur-produced roughness, which was significantly higher than with air abrasion or no treatment (P &lt; 0.05), whereas polyether achieved the lowest value with bur-produced roughness (P &lt; 0.05). It was concluded that surface treatment of custom tray should be adapted to the type of impression material used to achieve optimum bond strength.

DOI： 10.4012/dmj.26.323

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：BLACKWELL PUBLISHING  

Objectives: This study investigated whether rotational strain affects osseointegration.
Material and Methods: A total of 135 male rats were divided into five groups: 2-w rotation, 4-w rotation, 8-w rotation, 12-w rotation and control. Two hundred and seventy implants were inserted in rat tibia. The control group received no strain, while the 2-w, 4-w, 8-w and 12-w rotation groups received rotational strain at 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after implant placement, respectively. Removal torque (N cm) was measured in vivo. Bone contact rate (%) was calculated histomorphologically. Immunostaining for osteonectin (ON), osteopontin (OPN) and osteocalcin (OCN) was performed. The removal torque and bone contact rate were analyzed using one-way analyses of variance and the Scheffe method.
Results: At 4 weeks, the torque was significantly higher in the 2-w rotation group (1.30 +/- 0.44 N cm) than in the control group (0.79 +/- 0.67 N cm). From 8 to 16 weeks, the strained groups showed no significant differences from the control group. From the bone contact rates, bone formation was larger in the 4-week rotation group (62.9 +/- 10.7%) than in the control group (42.1 +/- 17.9%) at 8 weeks. The 4-week rotation group showed higher bone contact rate (61.1 +/- 11.3%) compared with the other strained groups and maintained this higher value until 16 weeks, showing no significant difference from the control group (72 +/- 5.2%). At the implant-bone interface, OPN was widely distributed and OCN was detected at a low level; however, ON could not be observed in any group.
Conclusions: The bone contact rate changed when rotational strain was exerted at different periods after implant placement. However, the removal torque and distribution of extracellular matrix proteins were not adversely affected by the rotational strain.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2005.01243.x

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：BLACKWELL PUBLISHING  

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) on vertical bone regeneration of edentulous ridge. Bilateral upper first and second molars of 8-week-old Wistar rats were extracted and the ridges were allowed to heal for 3 weeks. Compressed poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) copolymer/gelatin sponge (PGS) was used as a carrier of rhBMP-2. PGS alone (control group) or PGS with 5 mu g rhBMP-2 (test group) was implanted at the top part of alveolar ridge. The sham group received no implantation. The rats were killed at 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after implantation and examined histologically and histomorphometrically. In the test group, significant bone augmentation was evident on the alveolar ridge throughout the experimental period. Histomorphometric analysis revealed greater tissue volume and height of alveolar bone in the test group compared with the control and sham groups (P &lt; 0.05) from 4 weeks onward and the augmented tissues (5 mm(3) in tissue volume and 1.5 mm in bone height) were maintained until 12 weeks. Osteoblast surface increased at 2 and 4 weeks and osteoid thickness reached a peak (25 mu m) at 2 weeks. Dynamic variables, which represented calcification, were higher in the test group than the control and sham groups at 4 and 8 weeks (P &lt; 0.05). These results suggest that use of rhBMP-2/PGS may achieve vertical bone augmentation, and stabilizes denture prosthesis or makes up for inadequate bone mass for implant prosthesis.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2005.01593.x

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：JAPANESE SOC DENTAL MATERIALS DEVICES  

Despite progress in the development of denture base resin and artificial tooth materials, dental clinics are still plagued with artificial teeth falling off the denture base - due to poor bond strength - after denture delivery. Against this background, this study sought to examine the effect and durability of an adhesive primer developed exclusively for heat-curing resin on the adhesive strength of heat-curing denture base acrylic resin to plastic artificial tooth. Test specimens wore divided into four groups according to the treatment method of the artificial tooth's test bonding surface: air abrasion, adhesive primer application, adhesive primer application after air abrasion, and pretreatment only (control). After heat curing of acrylic resin onto the bonding surface, shear test was performed for two storage periods: 24-hour versus 100-day water storage. From the results obtained, it was revealed that the evaluated adhesive primer was significantly effective in increasing adhesive strength between artificial tooth and acrylic resin, although specimens were stored in water for 100 days.

DOI： 10.4012/dmj.25.75

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：岡山歯学会  

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The purpose of this study was to examine if a modified direct relining method could result in excellent denture adaptation compared to a conventional method. Direct relining was done using heat-polymerized acrylic resin base on a maxillary cast; With two times of three seconds of cooling using dichloro-difluoro-methane coolant. Discrepancy between cast and intaglio surface at residual ridge and center of palate was measured at 12 minutes after mixing of resin (Time 0) and at 24 hours or seven days after water immersion (36 degrees C). At Time 0 (with three seconds of cooling), the discrepancy at ridge (0.39 +/- 0.27) and palate (0.66 +/- 0.31) was significantly lower compared to that of control (ridge = 0.93 +/- 0.51; palate = 1.14 +/- 0.13, P &lt; 0.05); and the same observations occurred at 24 hours and seven days too. On intaglio side (with three seconds of cooling), the peak temperature was 5 degrees C lower than that of control and it occurred at a delay of about 60 seconds. Based on the results of this study, we therefore suggested that this delayed and lowered temperature served to improve the adaptability of denture base.

DOI： 10.4012/dmj.24.311

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DOI： 10.1016/J.ICS.2004.11.026

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：JAPANESE SOC DENTAL MATERIALS DEVICES  

Plasma irradiation on surface of heat-cured acrylic resin prior to processing self-curing acrylic resin is likely to effectively increase the adhesive strength between these materials for short-term period. However, long-term reliability of adhesive strength between these materials has not been clarified yet. In the present study, these materials were stored in water for a long period (100 days), and the effect on their shear bond strength was investigated. Forty-four test specimens with flat bonding test surface were made with heat-cured acrylic resin. They were divided into four groups according to treatment procedures for bonding surface: plasma treatment, adhesive primer application, adhesive primer application after plasma treatment, and no treatment (for control). Self-curing acrylic resin was processed against all bonding surfaces. After storage in water for 100 days, shear bond strength values between heat-cured and self-cured acrylic resins were measured. Specimens in plasma treatment group exhibited higher shear bond strength value than those in control, although the difference was not significant.

DOI： 10.4012/dmj.23.545

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：JAPANESE SOC DENTAL MATERIALS DEVICES  

This study aims to investigate the preferred viscosity of irreversible hydrocolloid used in the preliminary impression for edentulism. Thirteen modalities of irreversible hydrocolloid were prepared by changing the W/P ratio. Discrimination test for the preferred viscosity was performed on 11 prosthodontists (10.4 +/- 5.3 years of prosthetic experience). The parameter of discrimination test (P%) was calculated as the ratio of the number of adequate tests to the total number of tests. The P% and apparent viscosity coefficient (etaa) values measured by rheometer demonstrated good correlation (Y = -35.8X(2)+ 118.4X-22.8, r=0.86, p&lt;0.01). Prosthodontists could judge the preferred viscosity based on their clinical experiences. On the preliminary impression for edentulism, the preferred viscosity demonstrated in vitro using a polyurethane maxilla model was 1.21 x 10(3) Pa.s.

DOI： 10.4012/dmj.23.395

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCI LTD  

Objectives. Plasma treatment leads to surface modification such as the improved wettability of dental materials. Studies have suggested that plasma treatment may bring about an improvement in the shear bond strength between cobalt-chromium alloy and self-curing acrylic resin.
Methods. Forty-eight cobalt-chromium alloy specimens were randomly divided into four groups (each of the groups consisted of 12 specimens); air abrasion, adhesive primer, adhesive primer after air abrasion, or after plasma irradiation. A self-curing acrylic resin, 2 mm thick and 3.6 mm in diameter, was processed on all, specimens before storage in distilled water at 37 degreesC for 24 h. Shear bond strength values were determined at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Data was statistically analyzed using Scheffe's test.
Results. Adhesive primer clearly increased the shear bond strength compared with air abrasion (p &lt; 0.05). The synergy of air abrasion and adhesive primer greatly increased the shear bond strength, showing a five-fold increase over air abrasion, or one and a half-fold over adhesive primer. A similar tendency in increase was observed in the adhesive primer after plasma treatment, but to a lower degree. Adhesive primer after plasma treatment showed half the shear bond strength of the treatment of adhesive primer after air abrasion (p &lt; 0.05). Moreover, adhesive primer after plasma treatment showed a lower shear bond strength than adhesive primer alone although the difference was not statistically significant.
Significance. Plasma treatment does not improve adhesion between cobalt-chromium alloy and self-curing acrylic resin. (C) 2004 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.dental.2003.04.001

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD  

Self-curing acrylic resin is generally used for the repair of a fractured denture base. However, re-fracture of the repaired denture base resin often occurs because of poor bonding strength between the base resin and self-curing repair resin. The effect of plasma treatment on the shear bond strength between heat cured acrylic resin and the self-cured acrylic was examined. It was revealed that plasma irradiation is effective in increasing the shear bond strength. Plasma irradiation does not cause environmental pollution, as it does not require chemicals. It is a useful method to increase adhesive strength between heat cured acrylic resin and self-curing acrylic resin.

DOI： 10.1046/j.1365-2842.2003.01198.x

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD  

The purpose of this study was to inspect visually, the dynamics of the impression flow at seating of the impression tray. The effects of the relief and the escape hole of the impression tray on the impression flow were also examined. Three types of the transparent impression tray (flat tray, relief tray and escape hole tray) were prepared. Transparent silicone polymer was put on the impression tray surface. Four drops of the dark blue silicone impression material was injected into the transparent silicone polymer on the impression tray. The impression tray was seated on the model of the denture-supporting mucosa. The movement of the four drops caused by the impression flow was visually recorded with the video camera and examined. The result for the flat tray showed that the impression material moved from inside to the outside. It was also shown that the speed of the moved impression material increased as the seating of the impression tray advanced. The results for the relief tray and the escape hole tray showed the effect of the relief and the escape hole prepared to the impression tray on the speed and the direction of the flow of the impression material.

DOI： 10.1046/j.1365-2842.2003.01056.x

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD  

To improve the quality of the complete denture prosthesis, the bucco-lingual position of the artificial posterior teeth must be determined with consideration of the shape of the maxillary and mandibular residual ridge and the relationship between them. The arrangement of posterior artificial teeth should be considered not only for the denture stability but also for the avoidance of high pressure on the supporting structures. A two-dimensional finite element method program to investigate the statics for the contour of the complete denture and the residual ridge was developed. With this program, the effect of the bucco-lingual position of the artificial posterior teeth under occlusal force on the denture supporting bone could be investigated.

DOI： 10.1046/j.1365-2842.2003.01110.x

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Severe speech difficulty is often caused after surgery of an oral cancer. Prosthetic treatment with a removable obturator prosthesis is generally provided for such patients. Although some speech ability is recovered with prosthetic treatment, patients sometimes complain of continued dissatisfaction with their speech. However, it is difficult to evaluate the dissatisfaction. Therefore, a new method for evaluation is desirable. In this study, such a new method using the galvanic skin response as the index for the dissatisfaction of the patient was developed, and its objectivity was investigated. Eleven patients with maxillary bone defects were selected. Prior to the evaluation, improvement of speech with the removable prosthesis was confirmed using the speech intelligibility test and the visual analogue scale. The electrical resistant value at pronunciation was measured with the measuring system composed with the apparatus (galvanic skin response (GSR) measuring apparatus), the personal computer program. The changes for the electrical resistant value after pronunciation were evaluated by calculating the decrease ratio at pronunciation [(the mean electrical resistance before pronunciation - the mean electrical resistance after pronunciation)/the mean electrical resistance before pronunciation]. This decrease ratio at pronunciation was defined as the index of the speech dissatisfaction of the subject. The mean values for the decrease ratio with prosthesis were significantly smaller than the values without prosthesis (P &lt; 0.05). From the results of this study, it is suggested that the measurement of the electrical resistance change of the skin during speech could be a new method for evaluating the speech dissatisfaction of the post-oral-cancer patient.

DOI： 10.1046/j.1365-2842.2003.01131.x

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD  

Background: Expression of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR) was counted on mucosal epithelium to detect whether the AgNOR count (the number of AgNOR per nucleus) is, for 20 weeks, affected by streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
Methods: Diabetic rats were applied non-denture wearing, non-pressure contact, continuous pressure (0.5, 1.5 or 3.4 kPa) and intermittent pressure (10.5, 33.0 or 81.7 kPa), respectively.
Results: In the non-denture wearing or the non-pressure contact group, AgNOR count was almost constant (ranging 1.86-1.92) without significant difference. Under continuous pressure, AgNOR count significantly decreased at earlier stage and finally recovered to the non-pressure contact group. A similar effect of continuous pressure appeared to manifest itself in intermittent pressure, but to a greater degree. Consequently, AgNOR count under intermittent pressure showed no recovery at 20-week stage.
Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus exerted, by itself, no influence on the cellular proliferative activity under continuous pressure, whereas the activity deteriorated under intermittent pressure.

DOI： 10.1034/j.1600-0714.2003.00066.x

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MOSBY, INC  

A procedure is described for the fabrication of a record base for an edentulous maxillary arch with severe undercuts in the labial aspect of the anterior residual ridge. The record base is fabricated from autopolymerizing resin without soft lining materials and without blockout of the labial undercut of the stone cast.

DOI： 10.1067/mpr.2002.120070

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD  

This Study examined the effect of masticatory pressure transmitted directly to the hard palate mucosa on the final stage of terminal differentiation of keratinizing system of rats with and without streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus. In the nondiabetic rats with masticatory pressure, the number of terminal-deoxynucleotidyl-transferase-mediated deoxyuridine-triphospate-biotin nick end labelling (TUNEL) positive cells tended to increase about twice as much as in the nondiabetic rats without pressure with and without denture. A similar tendency of increase was observed in the diabetic rats without pressure. The synergy of the mechanical pressure and diabetic condition for 2 weeks greatly accelerated the DNA fragmentation, showing 8-fold increase in TUNEL positive cells over the normal control, and caused exfoliation of the stratum corneum. A 4-week exposure of diabetics to the masticatory pressure induced laminar splitting in the midst of the spinosum. Some cells in the stratum granulosum exhibited a sign of DNA fragmentation when laminar splitting took place in the vital cell layer. Premature DNA fragmentation may disturb the adhesion between spinosum cells and prevent the maturation of stratum corneum. Increase in Bax protein-like immunoreactivity in these epithelial cells as revealed by immunocytochemistry may underlie the premature DNA fragmentation in the oral masticatory epithelium under pressure in diabetic patients.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD  

The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in the argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) counts in mucosal epithelium induced by continuous or intermittent compressive pressure exerted through experimental denture bases and to examine the relationships between the AgNOR count, histopathological changes and the intensity of the pressure under denture bases. Continuous or intermittent compressive pressure exerted through the denture bases was applied to the hard palate of the molar region in rats. A morphometric analysis of AgNORs was performed in denture-supporting tissue 3 days and 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 20 weeks after the denture insertion. From the results of this study, it was found that non-pressure contact of the denture bases with palatal tissues did not change the AgNOR count. The AgNOR count was decreased by continuous or intermittent compressive pressure, and then recovered to almost the same level as, with the non-pressure contact at 20 weeks following a decrease of the pressure. The AgNOR counts in the epithelium under the denture bases were revealed to be related to the histopathological changes in the denture-supporting tissues and the intensity of the pressure under the denture bases.

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The histopathological changes in denture-supporting tissues of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus rat were studied in relation to continuous mechanical pressure exerted through an experimental denture base. The experimental dentures were designed to load continuous mechanical pressures (3.4, 1.5 or 0.5 kPa) to the hard palate of the molar region of a rat. From the results of this study, the following conclusions were drawn: the streptozotocin-induced diabetic condition(1) tended to prolong the appearance period of a shortened epithelial ridge, and weakened the phenomenon, (2) reduced the appearance period and severity of the compression of epithelium, (3) delayed the time of manifestation of the proliferative change in the recovery process of the shortened epithelial ridge, and weakened the phenomenon, (4) prolonged the appearance period of the compressed lamina propria mucosae, and enhanced the phenomenon, (5) reduced the number of osteoclasts, (6) lowered the threshold for induction of the osteoclastic bone resorption to between 1.5 and 0.5 kPa, (7) inhibited the appearance of osteoblast which follows the disappearance of osteoclasts, (8) did not induce any inflammatory change, and (9) tended to enhance the longitudinal change of the continuous mechanical pressure. The histopathological changes in the denture-supporting tissues of the streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus rat related highly to the longitudinal change of the continuous mechanical pressure exerted through the denture base. From the results of this study, it was suggested that the streptozotocin-induced diabetic condition lowers the tolerance of the denture-supporting tissues to continuous mechanical pressure.

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Blackwell Publishing Ltd  

The effect of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus on histopathological changes in tissues bearing masticatory pressure exerted through an experimental denture base has been studied in animal specimens. Experimental dentures, which prescribed the masticatory pressure by the amount of subsidence of the denture base (100, 50 or 13 μm), were constructed for the hard palate of the molar regions of rats. It was revealed that streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus (1) weakened the intercellular junctions in the epithelium and gradually enhanced this state with time, (2) lessened the atrophic and proliferative reactions in the epithelial ridge and prolonged their appearance period, (3) enhanced the compression of lamina propria mucosae and prolonged the appearance period of this reaction, (4) enhanced the inflammatory change and extended its appearance period, (5) lowered the threshold for the inflammatory reaction induced by the masticatory pressure, (6) increased the number of osteoclasts and prolonged the period of their presence, (7) lowered the threshold for osteoclastic bone resorption induced by the masticatory pressure, (8) inhibited the appearance of osteoblasts following the disappearance of osteoclasts and (9) accelerated the decline rate of masticatory pressure exerted to the denture supporting tissues. Therefore, it can be concluded that the streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus in the animals tested deteriorated the tolerance of the denture supporting tissues to masticatory pressure. © 1999 Blackwell Science Ltd.

DOI： 10.1046/j.1365-2842.1999.00367.x

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一財)津山慈風会津山中央病院  

実験的に既知の細菌,Streptococcus sanguis ATCC10556,Streptococcus salivarius ATCC7073,Candida albicans SDAU5(Clinicalisolate),Pseudomonas aeruginosa CZTの4種を供試細菌として用い,BleachとLemon treeを消毒液として,無消毒,spray-wipe-spray,Immersion,Absorptionの4種類の消毒法について石膏模型の消毒実験を行った. 1)無消毒とC,albicans SDAU5のAbsorptionを除いて約10^5〜10^6の細菌数が完全に除去された. 2)Spray only,Spray-wipe,Spray-wipe-sprayの3種類の消毒法にモディファイして効果を判定したところ,Ps.aeruginosaを除く他の口腔常在菌3種は全ての方法で完全に細菌が除去できた. 3)Ps.aeruginosaはデタージェントとしてLemon treeを使用した場合Sprayのみでは10のCFUが残存し殆ど効果が見られなかったが,Spray-wipeでコントロールの1/10000と効果的であった. 4)Bleachを使用した場合,Spray-wipe及びSprayでも全ての菌を完全に除去した

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一財)津山慈風会津山中央病院  

金属床義歯とレジン床義歯の重量について比較検討した結果,コバルト・クロム合金製金属床義歯はレジン床義歯に比べ床面積は小さいものの,その重量が大きいことが示され,コバルト・クロム合金の使用は有床義歯の軽量化を図ることが不可能であることが明らかとなった

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入院患者で歯科を受診した患者の実態を把握する目的で,その処置内容及び治療回数について臨床的・統計的観察を行った.処置内容では歯牙疾患が最も多く33.8%,次いで欠損補綴31.5%,歯周疾患18.9%,その他15.8%であった.治療回数は5回迄が多く,受診者の約70%を占め,そのうち1回で終了した患者が大半近くを占めた

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Language：English   Publisher：AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Prosthodontic Society  

The purpose of the present study was to make a histometrical evaluation of bone fortmatiort uttderthe denture base caused by lack of self-cleaning as a result of coverage by the denture base, utilizing a doublelabeling technique with bone markers.The experimental denture base was designed to make contact with the molar region of the palate of therat and to transmit no occlusal force to the tissues under the denture base. The denture base was not removedthroughout the experimental period. This procedure caused lack of self-cleaning, and it also caused continuous pressure to palatal tissues under the denture base by the accumulation of exfoliative horny cells, whichinduced bone resorption and formation under the denture base.Five rats of each denture wearing group and control group were sacrificed every xveek during theobservation period of 10 weeks after the insertion of the experimental denture base. Palatal tissues xvereprestained with Villanueva bone stain, and then processed for undecalcified resin section for quantitative bonehistomorphometry. These specimens were analyzed using a two-dimensional graphic analy'zing system.The following results were obtained.1. One to three weeks after the insertion of the denture base, bone formation XN73S suppressed ordisappeared on the palatal surface of hard palate bone tissue under the denture base.2. A transient but significant increase of bone formation was o bserved following bone resorption on thepalatal surface of hard palate bone tissue under the denture base. And seven to ten weeks after the insertionof the denture base, bone formation was suppressed again.3 . On the nasal surface of hard palate bone tissue, increased bone formation was observed simultaneously with bone resorption on the palatal surface.

DOI： 10.2186/jjps.39.767

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Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/1996086713

Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Prosthodontic Society  

The purpose of the present study was to make a histometrical evaluation of bone resorptionunder the denture base caused by lack of self-cleaning as a result of coverage by the denture base.The experimental denture base was designed to make contact with the molar region of the palate of therat and to transmit no occlusal force to the tissues under the denture base. The denture base was not removedthroughout the experimental period. This procedure caused lack of self-cleaning, and it also caused continu-ous pressure to palatal tissues under the denture base by the accumulation of exfoliative horny cells, whichinduced bone resorption under the denture base.Five rats of each denture wearing group and control group were sacrificed every week during theobservation period of TO weeks after the insertion of the experimental denture base. Palatal tissues wereprestained with Villanueva bone stain, and then processed for undecalcified resin section for quantitative bonehistomorphometry. These specimens were analyzed using a two-dimensional graphic analyzing system.From the results of this study, it was revealed histometrically that bone resorption of palatal surface ofhard palate bone tissue initiated under the denture base caused by the lack of self-cleaning as a result ofcoverage by the denture base one week after, became most active two weeks after and ceased five weeks afterthe insertion of the experimental denture base. But on the nasal surface of hard palate bone tissue, boneresorption was not observed.

DOI： 10.2186/jjps.39.717

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Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/1996086712

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6種の合着用レジン添加型グラスアイオノマーセメント[RMGICs:RelyX Luting Plus AutomixとVitremer Paste(両者3M ESPE)、Fuji Luting EXとFuji Luting S(両者GC)、SI-R21202とResiGlass Paste(両者松風)]の合着材としての有用性を検討する一環として、歯質、ジルコニア(Lava、3M ESPE)、金合金(GC's Casting Gold Type III M.C.、GC)や金銀パラジウム合金(CastWell M.C.12%Gold、GC)に対するせん断接着強さおよび曲げ特性(強さと弾性率)を硬化直後、1時間水中浸漬後、1日間水中浸漬後およびサーマルサイクル10,000回負荷(TC 10k)後に測定した。その結果、1時間水中浸漬後のRMGICの様々な接着強さは、硬化直後より有意に高く、1日間水中浸漬後の歯質接着強さは1時間水中浸漬後より有意に高かった。TC 10k後では多くのRMGICがそれぞれの測定項目で、大半が有意に低下した。曲げ特性に関しても前述と類似の傾向を示した。(著者抄録)

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本歯科理工学会  

DOI： 10.14832/gsjsdmd.2010s.0.87.0

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症例の概要:上顎部分欠損に対する補綴治療が患者の歯質削除に対する強い抵抗感および審美的要求によって局部床義歯から固定性補綴装置に移行した症例である。考察:審美障害は局部床義歯あるいは固定性補綴装置の装着によって、程度の差はあるもののいずれも改善した。アンケート調査における摂取可能食品は、初診時、局部床義歯装着時、固定性補綴装置装着時の順に増加した。これは補綴装置の変更による咀嚼能力の改善とともに、種々の精神的要因による嗜好品の変化が影響したものであると推察された。3年経過した現在は歯間乳頭の消失に伴うブラックトライアングルの発現を認めるものの、歯周組織とともに安定した状態を維持している。結論:上顎部分欠損症例に対する治療が可撤性から固定性補綴装置へ移行したが、最終的には患者の要求を満足させることができた。(著者抄録)

DOI： 10.2186/ajps.1.203

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2009&ichushi_jid=J05334&link_issn=&doc_id=20090428160012&doc_link_id=%2Fdv5proso%2F2009%2F000102%2F012%2F0203-0206%26dl%3D0&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fdv5proso%2F2009%2F000102%2F012%2F0203-0206%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

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