Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

BACKGROUND: Fatigue is an important factor for muscle strengthening in rehabilitation medicine. Frequency analysis has been regarded as the gold standard for muscle fatigue assessment in surface electromyography (EMG). However, there are no experiments quantifying fatigue with grouped discharge (GD), which is one of the historical phenomena observed in patients having fatigue, by using high sampling rate recording of EMG. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of fatigue, which is induced by repeated posterior tongue lift movement (TLM), on the occurrence of GD peaks, thus, to provide possible basis as a parameter for future fatigue evaluation. METHODS: Nineteen healthy adults (9 men and 10 women) participated in this study. The muscle fatigue protocol consisted of repetitive posterior TLM and maximum voluntary contractions (MVC). Bilateral N-EMG (Neck surface EMG for measuring the muscle activity of the posterior tongue) was recorded. RESULTS: Subjective tongue fatigue at the end of the protocol was significantly higher than at beginning throughout the muscle fatigue protocol (p < .01). The frequency of occurrence of GD peaks was 0.9 ± 1.2 (per second) at the baseline in 33 of 38 subject sides, and significantly increased depending on fatigue progression (p < .01). CONCLUSION: It was shown that fatigue due to repetitive posterior tongue lifting resulted in significant increase in the frequency of occurrence of GD peaks. Especially, the nature of GD, showing very few occurrences at non-fatigue condition, might work as an advantageous property for its use in future absolute evaluation of fatigue phenomena.

DOI： 10.1111/joor.13258

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：岡山医学会  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

PURPOSE: To examine how particle loss affects the evaluation of masticatory ability using the image analysis method. METHODS: The subjects were divided into two groups:Y-group (healthy young adults: 10 male, 10 female; mean age 27.6 ± 1.9 years), and D-group (denture wearing older adults: 13 male, 9 female; mean age, 75.1 ± 5.3 years). Raw carrots, peanuts, and a combined test food from 5 daily food materials (mixed foods) were selected as test foods. Images of the boluses were captured and processed after the subjects freely masticated the test foods until the point of swallowing or completed half strokes of total chewing cycles. The median particle size (X50) was calculated from the data for each particle. We compared X50 calculated from all particles obtained from the masticatory bolus (as X50N) with the X50 of only selectively larger particles (as X50R). RESULTS: Significant correlations were observed between X50N and X50R (p < 0.01) determined in almost all masticatory conditions. In particular, for particle sizes of 2 mm or more, the correlation coefficient between X50N and X50R was notably strong (r > 0.75). CONCLUSION: The method of analyzing only larger particles makes it possible to evaluate masticatory ability without losing the characteristics of the original particle size distribution of the entire bolus. This finding can be applied for the evaluation of masticatory ability, especially among older adults who have difficulty retrieving the total amount of test food due to decreased activities of daily living.

DOI： 10.2186/jpr.JPR_D_21_00069

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

PURPOSE: To design an efficient tongue prosthesis with reproducibility and to objectively evaluate improvement in speech function. METHODS: A silicon anatomical artificial tongue (AT) and a flat surface artificial tongue system (FTS) were used in our study. Twenty healthy participants (10 males and 10 females, 26.3 ± 1.8 years) were fitted with a tongue movement suppression appliance (TSA) that fit the dental arch to simulate the glossectomy condition. TSA, TSA + FTS, and TSA + AT simulated the state of glossectomy patients without artificial tongue, with normal artificial tongue, and newly designed artificial tongue, respectively. Three speech intelligibility tests were performed for each of the following conditions: pronouncing 100 Japanese monosyllables, 40 Japanese words, and reading a short story. One-way ANOVA, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and Tukey-Kramer post-hoc test were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS: Significant differences were observed for 100 Japanese monosylla bles and 40 Japanese words between the TSA + FTS, TSA, and TSA + AT conditions (p ‹ 0.05). Regarding the speech intelligibility test for reading a short story, the TSA + FTS condition resulted in a significantly higher speech intelligibility than the TSA and TSA + AT conditions (p ‹ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A flat surface artificial tongue system contributed to the improvement in speech function. This structure can be easily used in cases where conventional artificial tongue are applicable, regardless of variation in the oral condition; thus, making it a widely applicable treatment option for glossectomy patients.

DOI： 10.2186/jpr.JPR_D_20_00230

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

AIM: The purpose of this pilot prospective cohort study was to investigate the effects of parafunctional masseter muscle activity on periodontitis progression among patients receiving supporting periodontal therapy (SPT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We collected data of patients treated at Okayama University Hospital from August 2014 to September 2018. The progression group was defined as patients with ≥2 teeth demonstrating a longitudinal loss of proximal attachment of ≥3 mm during the 3-year study period and/or at least one tooth extraction due to periodontitis progression. Surface electromyography of masseter muscles at baseline was continuously recorded while patients were awake and asleep. RESULTS: We analysed 48 patients (36 females) aged 66.8 ± 9.1 years (mean ± SD). The rate of parafunctional masseter muscle activity during waking hours and sleeping hours at baseline was 60.4% and 52.1%, respectively. Cox's proportional hazards regression model showed that the incidence of periodontitis progression was significantly associated with number of teeth present (p = 0.001) and parafunctional masseter muscle activity during waking hours (p = 0.041). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that parafunctional masseter muscle activity during waking hours is a risk factor for periodontitis progression among patients receiving SPT.

DOI： 10.1111/jcpe.13432

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

BACKGROUND: Masticatory movement occurs complicatedly and bilaterally. Although the tongue plays an important role in mastication, bilateral tongue function during mastication has not been clarified yet. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of food properties on posterior tongue activity and coordination of muscles bilaterally by electromyography (EMG). METHODS: Twenty healthy adults (10 males and 10 females; mean age 28 years; range: 22-33 years) participated in this study. Three test foods, gummy jelly (hard food), sponge cake (soft food requiring crushing), and mashed potatoes (soft food not requiring crushing), were used. Bilateral masseter N-EMG (surface electromyography for measuring the muscle activity of posterior tongue) and submental EMG were carried out while the participants chewed three test foods. The participants were instructed to masticate three test foods only on the right side and only on the left side unilaterally. RESULTS: In the case of gummy jelly, N-EMG activity on the mastication side was significantly larger than that on the non-mastication side (P < .01). Regarding temporal relationship between the masseter and N-EMG activity, in the case of gummy jelly, the percentage of cases where the N-EMG peak was observed during masseter muscle EMG bursts was significantly higher than those for sponge cake and mashed potatoes (P < .01). CONCLUSION: N-EMG activity on the mastication side was significantly larger than that on the non-mastication side in the mastication of hard foods. Tongue showed activity pattern changes and coordinated with the masseter muscle depending on food texture.

DOI： 10.1111/joor.13135

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the effect of removable denture prostheses on the comminution progress in elderly people. METHODS: Twenty-two denture wearers of Eichner's classification B and C (75.1±5.3 years old) and 20 young fully dentate subjects (27.6±1.9 years old) participated in the masticatory examination, which used a combined test food from 5 daily food materials. Full masticatory cycles lasting until subjects needed to swallow and the half number of the cycles were adopted as masticatory conditions. Digital images of food particles under wet conditions were obtained for each bolus, and particles were analyzed by calculating the homogeneity and particle size indices. RESULTS: The characteristic properties of the food particles were observed using a homogeneity index in the elderly denture group for half masticatory strokes. Their homogeneity index was significantly higher than that of the young dentate group. By contrast, no significant difference was observed in the indices for particles immediately before swallowing between two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The comminuted particle size before swallowing in healthy denture wearers was not significantly different from that in the natural dentate group. The comminution of the first-half process in denture wearers was typical and could be one possible focus for meal property specifications in future studies.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jpor.2019.08.001

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

During mastication, some portion of the food bolus is gradually transported to the oropharynx before deglutition, which is known as stage II transport (STII). Although the importance of STII in mastication and deglutition has been widely acknowledged, food particle properties that are transported into the oropharynx by STII have not yet been fully specified. To reveal the food particle properties that are transported into the oropharynx by STII and to assess the usefulness of new food bolus sampling methods for the evaluation of masticatory efficiency. Twenty-two healthy volunteers participated in this study. Four different bolus sampling conditions were adopted: (a) the whole food particles were expectorated when the subject was aware of the first deglutition, (b) the last bolus to be swallowed at the end of unrestrained food intake was expectorated (aftermost bolus sample), (3) the whole food particles were expectorated when the subject felt ready to swallow after swallow-inhibited mastication (swallow-inhibited sample), (4) the particles were regurgitated from the oropharynx after the first STII (stage II-transported sample). Food particles were analysed using the homogeneity index and particle size index. There was no significant difference between food particles in the aftermost bolus sample and swallow-inhibited sample. The particles in the stage II-transported sample showed significantly more homogeneous and smaller sizes than other sampling conditions (P < .05). The food particles transferred to the oropharynx in the stage II-transported sample were smaller than those broken down by natural mastication.

DOI： 10.1111/joor.12879

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本補綴歯科学会  

無歯顎患者の総数は一向に減少しておらず、無歯顎患者のQOLを向上させるためには補綴処置が必須である。マギル声明において下顎インプラントオーバーデンチャーの有効性が示されているが、上顎無歯顎のインプラント補綴に関しては未だ十分なエビデンスが存在しない。上顎無歯顎インプラント補綴を行うにあたり、インプラントの埋入本数、機能回復、患者の嗜好性、ライフステージから総合的に判断して補綴設計を決定する必要があるといえる。今回のディベートを踏まえた筆者の考えを披露したい。(著者抄録)

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We investigated the characteristics of grouped discharge (GD) waveforms obtained from long-term masseter electromyogram (EMG) recording in 6 female temporomandibular disorder (TMD) patients with myofascial pain and 6 healthy females. The EMG measurement was performed from the morning of the experiment day until the subject woke up the next day. We observed a significantly larger number of GD waveforms in the TMD group compared to the control group (p=0.002). Our results indicate that the existence of GD waveforms in masseter EMGs might be a predictor of future TMD with myofascial pain.

DOI： 10.18926/AMO/56938

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

BACKGROUND: Retraction of the posterior tongue facilitates bolus formation, food transfer and Stage II transport in chewing and swallowing. Surface electromyography of the neck region (N-EMG) enabled the evaluation of muscle function at the posterior tongue. Although previous studies showed that food hardness increased masticatory muscles EMG activity and volitional chewing altered swallowing, the effect of food properties and chewing condition on N-EMG activity has not yet been elucidated. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of food properties and chewing conditions on N-EMG. METHODS: Twelve healthy adults (six men and six women, mean age 28.1 ± 2.7) participated in this study. Three test foods were used: a cookie (solid food), crushed cookies adjusted using agar and water (semisolid food) and crushed cookies adjusted using thickening agent and water (soft food). Masseter and submental muscle EMG and N-EMG activity were recorded while chewing the three test foods. Participants were instructed to masticate the three test foods in three chewing conditions: (a) chewing freely, (b) chewing test foods with the same number of chewing cycles as when chewing solid food and (c) chewing with a maximum effort. RESULTS: Total N-EMG activity when chewing solid food was higher than that in the other two test foods regardless of the chewing condition. In soft food and semisolid food, the total N-EMG activity was increased by increasing the number of chewing cycles. CONCLUSION: The total N-EMG activity was increased while chewing hard food, which indicates the positive effect of chewing hard food on rehabilitation at the posterior tongue.

DOI： 10.1111/joor.12774

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

OBJECTIVES: To examine the impact of adding a third midline implant with stud attachment to a mandibular two-implant overdenture on patient-oriented outcomes. METHODS: In this pre-post design clinical trial, following the standard procedures, mandibular two-implant overdentures of 17 edentulous individuals (61.9 ± 6.6 years) were converted to three-implant overdentures by adding a stud attachment to an unloaded midline implant. Patient-oriented outcomes included patient expectations and satisfaction with implant overdenture as well as willingness to pay the cost of conversion. Data were collected at baseline and at the 6-week follow-up using visual analog and binary scales as well as open-ended questions. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, Spearman's correlation, Fisher exact test, Mann-Whitney U test, and the exact sign test. RESULTS: After connecting the third midline implant to the mandibular two-implant overdenture, there was a statistically significant decrease in the anteroposterior movement (p = 0.005) as evaluated by clinicians. Moreover, study participants reported an increase in perceived stability of the overdenture (95% CI; 0.68-1.00, p = 0.002) and in their ability to speak (95% CI; 0.63-1.00, p = 0.008). The addition of a third implant met the expectations of 94% of patients in regard to lower denture stability, 100% for retention, and 82.4% for comfort. The mandibular three-implant overdenture increased patient general satisfaction over a short period of time, but this improvement was not statistically significant. About 80% of patients would recommend this type of prosthesis to their peers but only 47% of them would agree to pay a large increase in the cost of treatment compared to a two-implant overdenture. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of a midline third implant to an existing mandibular two-implant overdenture resulted in several improved patient-reported outcomes.

DOI： 10.1111/clr.13408

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：岡山歯学会  

医療コミュニケーション学演習の概要を報告し、長所と短所について検討した。学修内容は大きく分けて、対人コミュニケーションの基礎、自分のコミュニケーションスタイルおよび傾聴法・質問法、初診時医療面接、患者対応・電話対応、医療安全、患者援助のコミュニケーションの六つから成り立っている。医療コミュニケーション学演習を履修した本学歯学部3年次生総計229名を対象にアンケート調査を実施した。学生が興味をもった学修内容として「初診時医療面接」が最も多く、次いで「対人コミュニケーションの基礎」、「患者対応・電話対応」の順であった。一方、興味をもたなかった学修内容として「患者援助のコミュニケーション」が最も多かった。また、演習の長所に関して「コミュニケーションを学ぶことができた」のカテゴリーに属する意見を述べた学生が多かった。

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本補綴歯科学会  

超高齢社会においては、義歯関連治療の特徴的なニーズがある。すなわち高齢化や障害のために義歯への適応力が低下した患者であるにも関わらず、義歯調整であれば処置の即効性と永続性が、新義歯作製であればすぐに適応してくれる義歯の作製が望まれる。このような場面での義歯関連治療はシンプルにかつ高いレベルで行われる必要がある。総義歯患者が比較的若かった過去の時代と比較すると、患者年齢層高齢化に起因する口腔周囲筋群の巧緻性低下と食介護を想定した総義歯治療の新たな概念が必要とされている。このような背景に適合した義歯概念と診断法を適切に組み合わせれば、超高齢者の総義歯治療は論理的かつ確実に効果をあげることができる。(著者抄録)

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本補綴歯科学会  

全部床義歯治療を成功させるうえで咬合採得の占める割合は非常に高く、なかでも水平的顎間関係の決定には客観的な指標が乏しく苦慮していると推察される。ゴシックアーチ描記装置は、下顎の限界運動を記録できる装置であり、水平的顎間関係の決定法の一つとして長い間用いられてきた。しかし、近年その利用数は減少しているように思われる。さらに米国の教科書ではゴシックアーチ描記法(以下、GoAとする)の記載がなくなり、徐々に教育されなくなっている。本論文では、1)GoAの有用性とその意義、2)GoAの問題点と注意点、3)咬合採得のゴールをどこに定めるか、について解説し、全部床義歯治療におけるGoAの必要性について改めて検討したい。(著者抄録)

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本補綴歯科学会  

日本における無歯顎患者の割合は年々減少しているが、一方で高齢人口は増加しており、結果的に無歯顎患者の総数は依然として多いと考える。長きにわたり、全部床義歯(以下、CD)は無歯顎患者の欠損補綴歯科治療の第一選択とされているが、2002年にマギル声明が発表されて以来、インプラントオーバーデンチャー(以下、IOD)が積極的に用いられるようになった。本稿では、まず始めに文献的レビューを基にCDと比較した際のIODの有効性について解説したい。また、IODを製作する上でのポイント、特にIODを成功させるための考え方、使用するインプラント体の本数、各種アタッチメントの使い分け、さらには製作手順についても解説したい。(著者抄録)

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2017&ichushi_jid=J05334&link_issn=&doc_id=20171027260005&doc_link_id=%2Fdv5proso%2F2017%2F000904%2F007%2F0304-0310%26dl%3D0&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fdv5proso%2F2017%2F000904%2F007%2F0304-0310%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本顎顔面補綴学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本顎顔面補綴学会  

PAP(舌接触補助床)は、嚥下障害ならびに構音障害の改善を目的に使用され、その効果が報告されている。一方、広範な舌切除を受けた頭頸部癌症例においては、PAPだけでは充分な効果が発揮されない場合があり、先行研究でKozakiらは、人工舌を製作するとともに上顎に平坦な舌接触面を付与したPAPを装着することで構音の改善が得られると報告している。このPAPは、弾力性のある材質で製作することによって、より良好な結果が得られる。そこで今回、弾力性のある材質を用いて上顎に平坦な舌接触面を付与したPAP(以下Soft PAP)の製作方法を以下の3種に分けて紹介した。1)基本型Soft PAP。2)歯列の保定を兼ねた二重構造型Soft PAP。3)後方開放型Soft PAP。

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Recently, the swallowing sound has been used to detect swallowing events non-invasively. A previous study, using an accelerometer, showed that the site over the lateral border of the trachea immediately inferior to the cricoid cartilage was the optimal site for detecting swallowing sounds. However, the optimal site for detection of the swallowing sound using a microphone remains undetermined. To validate the optimal site in the neck region for detecting swallowing sounds. Fourteen healthy subjects (mean age, 27·6 ± 2·2 years; seven male and seven female) participated in this study. Twenty condenser microphones were attached to 20 sites on the left neck surface to detect swallowing sounds. Participants were instructed to swallow five different stimuli three times as follows: Resting saliva, 1 and 5 mL of Japanese tea, and 1 and 5 mL of yoghurt. Mean relative peak intensity was used to indicate the magnitude of the swallowing sound. Sound spectrograms were used to illustrate differences in the properties of swallowing sounds. Mean relative peak intensity number was highest in sites at the inferior border of the mandible just above the sternocleidomastoid muscle (site 11) and sites over the lateral border of the trachea immediately inferior to the cricoid cartilage (site 8). Comparison of spectrograms showed a greater density distribution of higher frequency components at site 11 compared with site 8. These results indicate that the inferior border of the mandible just above the sternocleidomastoid muscle is the optimal site for the detection of swallowing sounds.

DOI： 10.1111/joor.12440

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本歯科医学教育学会  

本論文では臨床実習を終了した6年次生が、自身が1年次に受講したエスコート実習をどのように評価しているかを実習直後の評価と比較、検討した。1年次に実施された患者エスコート実習に対するアンケートは同一学生に2回実施された。1回目は1年次のエスコート実習直後に、そして2回目は5年経過後の臨床実習終了時に1年次に受講したエスコート実習を振り返り、アンケートに回答した。その両方に回答した82名を対象者とした。1回目と2回目の評価を比較、分析した結果、以下の結論を得た。臨床実習終了時のエスコート実習に対する評価は、1年次の実習直後の評価と比較して有意に低下した。エスコート実習直後にはエスコート実習を肯定的に評価していたが、臨床実習終了時にはその評価が否定的に変化した学生は、患者の視点の理解や医療人にふさわしいコミュニケーションの技能の理解の観点からその評価が低下していることが明らかになった。一方、エスコート実習直後と臨床実習終了時の両方においてエスコート実習を肯定的に評価した学生においては、医療人にふさわしいコミュニケーションの技能の理解の観点からエスコート実習が有意義であると評価していることが示された。以上より、学生はエスコート実習直後のほうが5年後の臨床実習終了時と比較してより肯定的にエスコート実習を評価をしていたが、一部の学生にとっては一定の価値のある実習であることが示唆された。(著者抄録)

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

OBJECTIVE: To provide 2-year clinical- and patient-oriented data with regard to mandibular overdenture assisted by 2 immediately loaded unsplinted implants. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this pre-post design, Phase-I clinical trial, 18 edentate individuals (62.4±7.7years) received a new set of complete denture. Then, following standard procedures, 3 threaded implants (OsseoSpeed TX™, Dentsply Implants, Mölndal, Sweden) were placed in the mandible in each patient, and locator abutments (Zest Anchors LLC, Escondido, U.S.A.) were inserted on the right and left side implants. The midline implant served as a control for within-patient comparison. The immediate loading was conducted within 24h of surgery. Data were collected at baseline (T0), 12 (T1) and 24 (T2) months after immediate loading. The clinical outcomes included implant survival rate, crestal bone level changes and implant stability. These criteria were assessed through clinical and radiographic examinations as well as resonance frequency analysis. Patient-centered outcomes included patient satisfaction and oral health-related quality of life measured using validated questionnaires. Brunner-Langer approach was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Implant survival rate for immediate loaded implants was 91.7% at 2-year follow-up. None of the unloaded implants failed. There was no statistically significant difference at baseline and follow-ups with regard to clinical outcomes between loaded and unloaded implants. Patient satisfaction and quality of life improved (p<0.0001) from baseline to 2-year follow-up. CONCLUSION: Immediate loading protocol did not negatively affect clinical outcomes, satisfaction and quality of life of patients wearing 2-unsplinted-implant mandibular overdenture for 2 years. This conclusion requires confirmation by randomized control trials. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Mandibular overdenture assisted by two immediately-loaded unsplinted implants is successful treatment based on 2-year clinical and patient-based outcomes.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jdent.2016.04.009

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Elevation of the posterior part of the tongue is important for normal deglutition and speech. The purpose of this study was to develop a new surface electromyography (EMG) method to non-invasively and objectively evaluate activity in the muscles that control lifting movement in the posterior tongue. Neck surface EMG (N-EMG) was recorded using differential surface electrodes placed on the neck, 1 cm posterior to the posterior border of the mylohyoid muscle on a line orthogonal to the lower border of the mandible. Experiment 1: Three healthy volunteers (three men, mean age 37·7 years) participated in an evaluation of detection method of the posterior tongue lifting up movement. EMG recordings from the masseter, temporalis and submental muscles and N-EMG revealed that i) N-EMG was not affected by masseter muscle EMG and ii) N-EMG activity was not observed during simple jaw opening and tongue protrusion, revealing the functional difference between submental surface EMG and N-EMG. Experiment 2: Seven healthy volunteers (six men and one woman, mean age 27·9 years) participated in a quantitative evaluation of muscle activity. Tongue-lifting tasks were perfor-med, exerting a prescribed force of 20, 50, 100 and 150 gf with visual feedback. For all subjects, a significant linear relationship was observed bet-ween the tongue-lifting force and N-EMG activity (P < 0·01). These findings indicate that N-EMG can be used to quantify the force of posterior tongue lifting and could be useful to evaluate the effect of tongue rehabilitation in future studies.

DOI： 10.1111/joor.12389

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The extent of heterogeneity regarding the efficacy of the mandibular 2-implant overdenture is still in question. The aim of this meta-analysis is to provide an update on the existing evidence from randomized controlled trials assessing the efficacy of the mandibular 2-implant overdenture in regard to patient-based outcomes. Electronic searches were carried out to September 2015 through MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the Cochrane Systematic Reviews. Only randomized controlled trials that compared conventional dentures with mandibular 2-implant overdentures were included. Patient-based outcomes were assessed, including patient satisfaction and oral health- and general health-related quality of life. Random effects models were used to pool the effect sizes of all included studies. Further stratified analyses and heterogeneity analyses were tested, as was publication bias. In addition to the 7 randomized controlled trials that were included in the previous meta-analysis, 4 new trials were identified and included in this update. A random effects model showed that, when compared with conventional dentures, mandibular 2-implant overdentures significantly improved patient satisfaction (pooled effect size = 0.87, z = 5.31, 95% confidence interval: 0.55 to 1.19, P < 0.0001, χ2 = 41.82, df = 8, P < 0.0001, I2 = 81%) and oral health-related quality of life (pooled effect size = -0.66, z = 2.72, 95% confidence interval: -1.13 to -0.18, P = 0.007, χ2 = 21.26, df = 4, P = 0.0003, I2 = 81%). The differences in participant recruitment and their pretreatment condition were important sources of heterogeneity among the studies. Only 1 study investigated the impact of mandibular implant overdentures on perceived general health, and it revealed no between-treatment differences. The 2-implant mandibular overdenture improves patient satisfaction and quality of life for the general edentate population. Health status, poor oral condition, and patient characteristics may effect patient-based outcomes and should be considered by clinicians in treatment planning. Knowledge Transfer Statement: This meta-analysis shows that mandibular 2-implant overdentures are significantly more satisfactory to the general edentate populations than new conventional dentures. The results also show that mandibular 2-implant overdentures provide significantly better oral health-related quality of life than do new conventional dentures. These results should be shared with edentate patients in planning their treatment.

DOI： 10.1177/2380084416630508

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The wave analysis of swallowing sounds has been receiving attention because the recording process is easy and non-invasive. However, up until now, an expert has been needed to visually examine the entire recorded wave to distinguish swallowing from other sounds. The purpose of this study was to establish a methodology to automatically distinguish the sound of swallowing from sound data recorded during a meal in the presence of everyday ambient sound. Seven healthy participants (mean age: 26·7 ± 1·3 years) participated in this study. A laryngeal microphone and a condenser microphone attached to the nostril were used for simultaneous recording. Recoding took place while participants were taking a meal and talking with a conversational partner. Participants were instructed to step on a foot pedal trigger switch when they swallowed, representing self-enumeration of swallowing, and also to achieve six additional noise-making tasks during the meal in a randomised manner. The automated analysis system correctly detected 342 out of the 352 self-enumerated swallowing events (sensitivity: 97·2%) and 479 out of the 503 semblable wave periods of swallowing (specificity: 95·2%). In this study, the automated detection system for swallowing sounds using a nostril microphone was able to detect the swallowing event with high sensitivity and specificity even under the conditions of daily life, thus showing potential utility in the diagnosis or screening of dysphagic patients in future studies.

DOI： 10.1111/joor.12264

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Velopharyngeal incompetence is known as a contributing factor to speech disorders. Suwaki et al. reported that nasal speaking valve (NSV) could improve dysarthria by regulating nasal emission utilising one-way valve. However, disease or condition which would be susceptible to treatment by NSV has not been clarified yet. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of NSV by questionnaire survey using ready-made NSV. Subjects were recruited through the internet bulletin, and NSV survey set was sent to the applicant. Sixty-six participants, who agreed to participate in this study, used NSV and mailed back the questionnaire which included self-evaluation and third-party evaluation of speech intelligibility. Statistical analysis revealed that the use of NSV resulted in significant speech intelligibility improvement in both self-evaluation and third-party evaluation (P < 0·01). Regarding the type of underlying disease of dysarthria, significant effect of NSV on self-evaluation of speech intelligibility could be observed in cerebrovascular disease and neurodegenerative disease (P < 0·01) and that on third-party evaluation in neurodegenerative disease (P < 0·01). Eighty-six percent of subjects showed improvement of speech intelligibility by shutting up nostrils by fingers, and the significant effect of NSV on both self-evaluation and third-party evaluation of speech intelligibility was observed (P < 0·001). From the results of this study, it was suggested that NSV would be effective in cerebrovascular disease and neurodegenerative disease, as well as in subjects whose speech intelligibility was improved by closing nostrils.

DOI： 10.1111/joor.12237

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AIMS: Although body posture in relation to the dental condition has been of great interest in the dental profession, rumination bias has been a substantial obstacle to achieving a reliable objective evaluation of the intrinsic body posture. The aim of this study was to establish a posture control protocol that would minimize the effect of bias. METHODOLOGY: Fifteen healthy male volunteers (23-33 years of age) participated in this study. The posture movement was recorded for 10 seconds by a three-dimensional motion capture system. The experiment was performed on four different days. RESULTS: The posture was most stable at 4-5 seconds after the start of the front bulb gaze (the mean coefficient of variation ranged from 0.1 to 44.1). The intraclass correlation coefficients for four days were 0.871-0.975 (P < or = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that the use of this measurement method helped in producing a reliable intrinsic standing posture where unbiased evaluation of the effect of any intervention on the body posture is researched.

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Because food texture is regarded as an important factor for smooth deglutition, identification of objective parameters that could provide a basis for food texture selection for elderly or dysphagic patients is of great importance. We aimed to develop an objective evaluation method of mastication using a mixed test food comprising foodstuffs, simulating daily dietary life. The particle size distribution (>2 mm in diameter) in a bolus was analysed using a digital image under dark-field illumination. Ten female participants (mean age ± s.d., 27·6 ± 2·6 years) masticated a mixed test food comprising prescribed amounts of rice, sausage, hard omelette, raw cabbage and raw cucumber with 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% of the number of their masticatory strokes. A single set of coefficient thresholds of 0·10 for the homogeneity index and 1·62 for the particle size index showed excellent discrimination of deficient masticatory conditions with high sensitivity (0·90) and specificity (0·77). Based on the results of this study, normal mastication was discriminated from deficient masticatory conditions using a large particle analysis of mixed foodstuffs, thus showing the possibility of future application of this method for objective decision-making regarding the properties of meals served to dysphagic patients.

DOI： 10.1111/joor.12133

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本老年歯科医学会  

本研究は、口腔関連適応能力が低下した患者に対する下顎総義歯、咬合・嚥下床の床縁の長さに関する臨床的指標を具体的数値として得るために、口唇、頬および舌運動時に動揺することのない基礎床の広さを計測し、その特徴を報告することを目的とした。対象は、平成22年1〜3月の間に岡山大学病院補綴(咬合・義歯)科を受診した無歯顎患者(男性4名、女性8名、平均年齢77.8±5.5歳)および医療法人柴田病院に入院している無歯顎患者(男性7名、女性9名、平均年齢85.8±6.9歳)の計28名とした。各被検者について、舌尖での切歯乳頭圧迫、大開口、ならびに唇尖らし運動の3つの運動時に下顎基礎床が口唇、頬粘膜あるいは舌によって押し上げられることがないようその辺縁を削除調整した後に、床縁の長さを計測した。計測は、下顎正中部、左右側の頬小帯部、および左右側の臼歯部(頬小帯とレトロモラーパッドとの中点)の計5ヶ所において、歯槽頂から唇頬側床縁までおよび歯槽頂から舌側床縁までの床縁長を計測した。義歯頬舌(唇舌)径は男性では正中部で8.4mm、頬小帯部で10.2mm、臼歯頬側部で13.7mmであり、女性では正中部で8.8mm、頬小帯部で11.0mm、臼歯頬側部で14.7mmであった。これらの値はいずれも男女間で有意差を認めず、平均値の差は最大でも1mm以下であり、男女間で類似した値をとることが示された。(著者抄録)

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The activity of the lateral pterygoid muscle has been regarded to be related to the pathological condition of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in the craniomandibular disorders. Because the lateral pterygoid muscle is a deep muscle, a needle electrode is necessary for EMG recordings. The purpose of this study was to establish a non-invasive method for the evaluation of muscle activity of the lateral pterygoid muscle using mechanomyogram (MMG). In three male subjects, surface electromyogram (EMG) in the left masseter muscle, left anterior and posterior belly of the temporal muscle, left anterior belly of the digastric muscle and needle EMG of the inferior head of the lateral pterygoid were recorded during mandibular movement tasks simultaneously with the MMG derived from a condenser microphone in the external ear canal. There were significant positive correlations between the needle EMG signal of the lateral pterygoid muscle and the MMG signal for the tasks of static jaw opened position of 30 mm of interincisal distance (p=0.000, R(2)=0.725), static jaw opened position of 40 mm of interincisal distance (p=0.000, R(2)=0.753), 5mm protruded mandibular position (p=0.000, R(2)=0.653), the most protruded mandibular position (p=0.000, R(2)=0803). On the contrary, for the task of maximal clenching, there was no significant correlation between the EMG signal of the lateral pterygoid muscle and the MMG signal. These results suggest that the activity of the lateral pterygoid muscle could be evaluated by the MMG signals recorded in the external ear canal, unless jaw closing major muscles show active contraction.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2011.09.026

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本補綴歯科学会  

症例の概要:患者は初診時45歳の女性で、上顎部分床義歯装着時の違和感を主訴に来院した。可撤性義歯による機能回復が困難であったためインプラントによる固定性補綴処置を行った。考察:上顎部分欠損に対して可撤性義歯でなくインプラントを応用した固定性補綴処置を行うことで主訴の改善が得られた。アンケート結果からも患者の要求を満たすことができたと考える。上部構造装着後3年半が経過したが、インプラント体周囲の炎症や上部構造体の破折など認められない。結論:部分床義歯に対して強い違和感を訴える患者に対してインプラント治療は有用である。(著者抄録)

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本歯科医学会  

顎関節症の治療に関しては現時点では充分なエビデンスが集積しているとは言い難く、診療に必要とされるガイドラインの作成や関連するエビデンス蓄積の必要性が高まっている。本プロジェクト研究は、1)現在顎関節症の治療に用いられているスタビライゼーション・スプリントのデザインならびに臨床介入術式についてのガイドラインを作成すること、2)補綴系顎関節症専門治療施設ならびに開業歯科医院を対象としてその治療実態に関する調査を行うこと、3)顎関節雑音に対するスタビライゼーション・スプリントの効果に関する文献的エビデンスを収集すること、の3点を目的とした。結果として、スタビライゼーション・スプリントのデザインならびに臨床介入術式についてはDelphi法変法を用いた合意形成を行い、介入手法ガイドライン(案)をまとめた。また、治療実態調査については、顎関節症外来14施設および開業歯科医院33施設を対象とした調査を行い、診療時間等に関する結果を得ることができた。また、スタビライゼーション・スプリントを用いた治療に関するエビデンス検索では、顎関節雑音の治療に有効であるとするエビデンスは現時点では得ることができなかった。(著者抄録)

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本顎関節学会  

目的:顎関節症患者に対する受診ごとの診療時間に関する報告はない。今回、大学病院顎関節症外来ならびに一般開業歯科医院を対象に顎関節症のスプリント治療に要する時間について調査を行い、その特性を明らかにすることを目的とした。方法:大学病院顎関節症外来14施設および一般開業歯科医院33施設にて2ヵ月間の調査を行った。スプリント治療を選択された顎関節症患者を対象に、スプリントの種類、各診療内容および要した時間を調査項目として施設間で比較検討した。結果:1回当たりの診療時間に関して、大学病院顎関節症外来受診患者(以下、大学群と略す)のほうが一般開業歯科医院受診患者(以下、開業医群と略す)に比べて有意に長かった。また、初診時の診療時間についても大学群のほうが開業医群に比べて長い時間を要した。しかし、スプリント装着および調整に要する時間について有意差は認められなかった。結論:顎関節症患者の1回当たりの診療に要する時間は両施設ともに比較的長時間であることがわかった。スプリント装着に30分以上要する割合は大学群においては44%であり、開業医群においては22%であった。スプリント調整に20分以上要する割合は、大学群においては48%であり、開業医群においては33%であった。(著者抄録)

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：岡山歯学会  

現在までの介入患者数を調べ、歯科に期待されている周術期医療のニーズを明らかにした。すなわち、プラークフリーの実施状況およびマウスプロテクターの作製状況を調べ、超急性期病院である大学病院における医科・歯科連携のニーズを明らかにした。5ヵ月間に、岡山大学病院周術期管理センターを受診した65例を対象とした。周術期管理センター(歯科部門)受診者数は62例、周術期管理センター本部受診者数65例の95.4%であった。プラークフリー受診者数は月毎に増加し、延べ66例となった。延べ人数となっているのは、複数回手術を受けた患者の場合、その都度プラークフリーを受けているためである。マウスプロテクターを必要とした患者は合計7例であり、その理由は、動揺歯の固定の他、高額私費補綴物の保護、充填物や歯質の破損の防止等、様々であった。

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Language：English   Publisher：Japan Prosthodontic Society  

Denture wearers often claim an alteration of taste and oral senses. There are many sensory spots on the hard palate but not taste receptors, so a palatal appliance does not cover taste receptors. Thus, the causes of these claims are not fully understood. In this experiment, we examined the effects of an experimental palatal appliance on taste and form discrimination ability. We took maxillary impressions and made a palatal appliance of acrylic resin. The subjects were seven healthy women (aged 21 to 25). They were divided randomly into two groups and the following two experiments were performed. Experiment 1: we checked the taste threshold for four basic taste stimuli (sucrose, NaCl, acetic acid, and hydrochloric acid quinine) by means of the whole mouth test and filter paper-disk method. Experiment 2: we examined their form discrimination ability. For form discrimination ability, we prepared test blocks of four forms of different sizes. Volunteers were asked to put one of the blocks into their mouth, and to identify the form of the block. There was no significant difference in the taste threshold whether they were wearing a palatal appliance or not. In form discrimination ability, there was no significant difference between subjects with and without a palatal appliance. The insertion of a palatal appliance causes few, if any, changes in oral senses. This study suggests that the alteration of oral senses after wearing dentures may be due to mental factors, the contact of food and oral mucosa, and the flow, flavor, and temperature of food and so on.

DOI： 10.2186/prp.7.186

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Language：English   Publisher：Japan Prosthodontic Society  

One of the prominent roles of the occlusion would be to support the force balance wobbling in stomatognathic system, thus pacing and minimizing the change of force distribution with age. Patient's demands on the prosthetic treatment have been becoming higher and more complicated during the past several decades. These demands include not only the precise restoration of the decayed tooth but also the treatment to provide stable and comfortable state of the stomatognathic system in the longer term. These demands would deeply be related to ; 1) How to finalize the information on temporary or treatment prosthesis, which has the resulted shape of the precise functional adjustment, on the final prosthesis, and 2) How to cope with the persistent complaints regarding tooth, tongue and other related sensations. In these aspects, patient's subjectivity and/or esthesis might need to be satisfied with the form and/or function of the resulted prosthesis. The clinical difficulties might be related to the following two points, which are 1) the accuracy of the reproduction procedure from the treatment prosthesis to the final one and 2) stability of the mandibular position or the condylar position which support the functional basis for the prosthesis. In order to cope with the complicated requirements, we have been using double-casting method for providing cast restorations. This is a method to produce a cast restoration in two functional parts. The first casting step consists of a base-crown which covers the abutment tooth and adjacent proximal contact point(s). The second step is the molding of the functionally required occlusal form onto the base-crown. The third step is the metal casting onto the base-crown replacing the molded portion. This method could be applied in various situations where we are forced to match the function and the form. The purpose of this paper is to provide a good orientation to the double-casting method and also to discuss the concept that might pace and minimize the change of force distribution in stomatognathic system.

DOI： 10.2186/prp.7.117

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Language：English   Publisher：Japan Prosthodontic Society  

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the area and weight of removable dentures could influence patients' satisfaction with their dentures. The weight and area (projected area on occlusal plane) of 37 maxillary removable resin-based dentures fabricated in Okayama University Hospital were measured. Full consent from all of the denture users examined in this study was obtained prior to the test. Examination of the visual analogue scale (VAS) for denture satisfaction (0-100%) was performed for 13 users of these dentures. Statistical correlation between the denture areas and the number of missing teeth, and between denture weights and the number of missing teeth was examined. Statistical correlation between the VAS satisfaction level for dentures and the area&frasl;number of missing teeth, and between the VAS satisfaction level for dentures and the weight&frasl;number of missing teeth was also examined. A positive correlation was observed between the area of the denture base and the number of missing teeth (r = 0.854, p<0.001). A positive correlation was also observed between denture weight and the number of missing teeth (r = 0.842, p<0.001). According to the increase of the number of missing teeth, the area and weight of dentures increased. Therefore, the statistical level was estimated by dividing area and weight by the number of missing teeth. Positive correlation was observed between the VAS satisfaction level and the area&frasl;number of missing teeth (r = 0.645, p=0.017); in contrast, no statistical correlation was observed between the VAS satisfaction level and the weight&frasl;number of missing teeth. A positive correlation was observed between patients' satisfaction and area of the denture base&frasl;number of missing teeth. Patients' satisfaction with removable maxillary dentures did not depend merely on decreasing the size of the denture base.

DOI： 10.2186/prp.7.174

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

ATP has been shown to excite neurons in various regions of the central nervous system. Whereas immunohistochemical studies show P2X receptors in the area postrema, the responsiveness of area postrema neurons to extracellular ATP has not been studied. To investigate the effects of purinoceptor activation on area postrema neuronal excitability, we performed whole-cell recordings from area postrema neurons in rat brain slices. Most area postrema neurons responded to ATP application, and most responses were excitatory. Voltage-clamp recordings showed three different types of response: (1) a postsynaptic or extrasynaptic excitatory response (inward currents; n=26/51 cells), (2) a presynaptic excitatory response (increased frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents with only a small direct postsynaptic current; n=24/51 cells, or (3) a postsynaptic inhibitory response (outward current; n=1/51). The excitatory responses were found in both of the two major electrophysiological cell classes, i.e. cells displaying I(h) and cells not displaying I(h), while the inhibitory responses were found in only cells not displaying I(h). Current-clamp recordings showed ATP-induced depolarization (n=13/15) or hyperpolarization (n=2/15) of membrane potential that modulated the frequency of action potentials. In the presence of CNQX, mEPSCs were abolished and bath-applied ATP did not generate mEPSCs, indicating that glutamate release was facilitated by the activation of presynaptically located ATP receptors. Our pharmacological results from studies with ATP, alphabetame-ATP, betame-ATP and PPADS indicate that the post- and/or extrasynaptic responses are most likely mediated by P2X(7) receptors and/or receptors composed of P2X(2) and P2X(5) subunits. We conclude that half of the presynaptic responses are most likely mediated by P2X(7) receptors and/or receptors composed of P2X(2) and P2X(5) subunits while the others also contain P2X(1) subunits. It is well known that P2X(7) subunit forms only homomultimeric P2X receptors. Finally, the present study suggests that purinoceptor activation may contribute to the control of several autonomic functions by area postrema neurons.

PubMed

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：岡山歯学会  

歯冠補綴物の試適時における2回鋳造法の有効性を明らかにするため,歯冠補綴物の作製が必要な部位に対して従来法と2回鋳造法の2通りの歯冠補綴物を同時に作製し,両補綴物に対する評価を行った.単冠またはブリッジによる歯冠補綴処置が必要な成人有歯顎者9例を対象とした.従来法では被験者全員が調整前の中心咬合位における歯冠補綴物の高さについて過高感を訴え,実際に咬合調整が必要であったのに対して,2回鋳造法では1例の被験者のみが中心咬合位における調整を必要としただけであった.2回鋳造法で作製した歯冠補綴物は基本的に咬合調整を必要としないことが証明された.2回鋳造法は術者の臨床経験に左右されにくい簡便かつ有効な方法であることが示唆された.ただし,2回鋳造法の問題点として,作製技術上の点から十分なクリアランスが必要となる

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Total pages：xviii, 213p   Language：Japanese

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Total pages：148p   Language：Japanese

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本補綴歯科学会  

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2020&ichushi_jid=J02994&link_issn=&doc_id=20210517470016&doc_link_id=10.7144%2Fsgf.26.122&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.7144%2Fsgf.26.122&type=J-STAGE&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00007_3.gif

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超高齢社会においては、義歯関連治療の特徴的なニーズがある。すなわち高齢化や障害のために義歯への適応力が低下した患者であるにも関わらず、義歯調整であれば処置の即効性と永続性が、新義歯作製であればすぐに適応してくれる義歯の作製が望まれる。このような場面での義歯関連治療はシンプルにかつ高いレベルで行われる必要がある。総義歯患者が比較的若かった過去の時代と比較すると、患者年齢層高齢化に起因する口腔周囲筋群の巧緻性低下と食介護を想定した総義歯治療の新たな概念が必要とされている。このような背景に適合した義歯概念と診断法を適切に組み合わせれば、超高齢者の総義歯治療は論理的かつ確実に効果をあげることができる。(著者抄録)

DOI： 10.2186/ajps.10.308

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J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本補綴歯科学会  

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目的:要介護高齢者、特に認知症や寝たきり高齢者の歯科治療現場において、作製した義歯の使用が困難である症例に遭遇することがある。本研究では、義歯作製の時期や義歯治療の内容を患者の認知症ならびに日常生活自立度との関連から検討することを目的とした。方法:1999年1〜4月の間に岡山県倉敷市の介護力強化型病院である柴田病院に入院していた無歯顎患者53名を対象として、入院前後の義歯使用状況、入院後の義歯治療内容、日常生活自立度、認知症の程度について調査した。結果:寝たきり者においては、入院前に義歯を作製し使用していたすべての人が入院後も義歯を使用していたのに対し、入院後に義歯を作製した人の使用率は65.6%であった。認知症例では、入院前に義歯を作製していた人の入院後の使用率は83.3%であり、入院時に義歯を持っておらず入院後に新製した人の使用率も同じであった。それに対し、入院後に不適合義歯を再製した人の使用率は22.2%であった。結論:本研究の結果から、寝たきりまたは認知症になる前に使える義歯を持っている人は、寝たきりまたは認知症になってからも義歯を使える人が多いことが示唆された。したがって、高齢者の有床義歯補綴においては、寝たきりになった後にも義歯形態が変化しない設計を可及的に選択することが望ましいと考えられた。(著者抄録)

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健常者10名(A群)及び夜間ブラキシズムを認める10名(B群)を対象に,strain-gaugeを応用した自作の低速荷重装置を設置した後,被験歯に対して口蓋側から経時的に微量増加する荷重を加え,歯根膜感覚閾値を測定した.その結果,B群はA群に比較して有意に高値であった.ブラキシストにおける閾値増加の原因に関しては,荷重に対する歯根膜機械的受容器の順応或いは中枢神経レベルにおける神経可塑性が考えられた

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Event date： 2017.8.26 - 2017.8.27

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

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Event date： 2017.6.14 - 2017.6.16

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

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Event date： 2016.7.1 - 2016.7.2

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

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Event date： 2016.6.18 - 2016.6.19

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Symposium, workshop panel (nominated)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：Japanese  

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Language：Japanese  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Symposium, workshop panel (nominated)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Symposium, workshop panel (public)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Symposium, workshop panel (nominated)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Symposium, workshop panel (nominated)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Symposium, workshop panel (public)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Symposium, workshop panel (public)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Symposium, workshop panel (nominated)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Type：Academic society, research group, etc. 

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