Authorship：Last author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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DOI： 10.1016/j.scs.2023.104991

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DOI： 10.3390/atmos14101566

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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DOI： 10.1051/e3sconf/202339603015

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to quantify the sleep disturbances caused by climate change using disability-adjusted life years (DALY). The revised sleep quality index for daily sleep (SQIDS2), a self-administered questionnaire for daily sleep quality, was developed to assess daily sleep disturbances. This questionnaire referenced and simplified the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). This study was conducted in Nagoya City in August 2011 and 2012. Sleep quality was measured using SQIDS2 and PSQI. A total of 574 participants in 2011 and 710 in 2012 responded to the survey. The sleep disturbance prevalence calculated from the SQIDS2 score was correlated with the daily minimum temperature (p = 0.0067). This score increased when the daily minimum temperature was above 24.8 °C. When correcting for the PSQI score, DALY loss due to heat-related sleep disturbances in Nagoya City (population: 2,266,851) was estimated to be 81.8 years in 2012. This value was comparable to the DALY loss due to heatstroke. Sleep disturbance due to climate change was quantified using the DALY based on the PSQI. Legislators must recognize the critical impact of the damage caused by sleep disturbances due to high temperatures at night. Additionally, a daily minimum temperature of 25 °C should be the starting point when establishing a goal or guideline for nighttime temperature.

DOI： 10.1007/s41105-022-00419-z

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Other Link： https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41105-022-00419-z/fulltext.html

Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.3130/aije.87.530

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

The purpose of this study is evaluating energy consumption and the indoor thermal environment of grocery stores, which using frozen and refrigerated display cases, by taking temperature distribution into consideration. In this report, store CFD models which can evaluate the indoor temperature distribution were adopted to study the influence, made by temperature or ventilation flux altering, on energy consumption of grocery stores. The results indicate that the mixture of indoor air, no matter affected by outside influx or space conditioner set temperature, contribute to the energy consumption of display cases and space conditioners.

DOI： 10.3130/aije.87.134

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MDPI AG  

Urban air temperature rises induced by the urban heat island (UHIE) effect or by global warming (GW) can be beneficial in winter but detrimental in summer. The SCIENCE-Outdoor model was used to simulate changes to sensible heat release and CO2 emissions from buildings yielded by four UHIE countermeasures and five GW countermeasures. This model can evaluate the thermal condition of building envelope surfaces, both inside and outside. The results showed that water-consuming UHIE countermeasures such as evaporative space cooling and roof water showering provided positive effects (decreasing sensible heat release and CO2 emissions related to space conditioning) in summer. Additionally, they had no negative (unwanted cooling) effects in winter since they can be turned off in the heating season. Roof greening can provide the greatest space- conditioning CO2 emissions reductions among four UHIE countermeasures, and it reduces the amount of heat release slightly in the heating season. Since the effect on reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by UHIE countermeasures is not very significant, it is desirable to introduce GW countermeasures in order to reduce CO2 emissions. The significance of this study is that it constructed the new simulation model SCIENCE-Outdoor and applied it to show the influence of countermeasures upon both heat release and CO2 emissions.

DOI： 10.3390/atmos12050572

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Authorship：Last author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Authorship：Last author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Authorship：Last author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Authorship：Last author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本建築学会  

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Authorship：Last author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本建築学会  

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Authorship：Last author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本建築学会  

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Authorship：Last author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本建築学会  

DOI： 10.3130/aije.85.615

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DOI： 10.1088/1755-1315/294/1/012081

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

This paper aims to comprehensively and quantitatively evaluate the impact of urban outdoor temperature change on human health in Osaka Prefecture. The evaluation time range was the 1970s as the base period, the 1990s, the 2010s. Urban temperature change had a negative impact on health from the early summer to the early autumn, while a positive impact from late autumn to spring. The influence of sleep disturbance and fatigue had a large impact. Although the disability weight and the disease period are small for these disease, these influences are indispensable to evaluate the entire of health over the urban area.

DOI： 10.3130/aije.84.205

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Authorship：Last author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本建築学会  

DOI： 10.3130/aije.83.1015

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Authorship：Last author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：土木学会  

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Authorship：Last author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

DOI： 10.3130/aije.83.781

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Authorship：Last author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Authorship：Last author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Society of Heating, Air-conditioning and Sanitary Engineers of Japan  

DOI： 10.18948/shase.43.250_11

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Authorship：Last author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers  

DOI： 10.2208/jscejer.74.II_245

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

We conducted a questionnaire survey on residents' living environment evaluation for typical betwixt mountainous areas. For future scenarios considering residents' consciousness, it was requested to enhance urban service functions and maintain neighborhood relationships. Based on these results, we built three scenarios for 2050, and estimated population and households for each. In the "Industrial Revitalization Scenario", the increase in multi-person households and young small number of households were remarkable.

DOI： 10.3130/aijt.23.931

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

In this research, we suggested the measures to promote introduction of rooftop type photovoltaic power generation system considering economic efficiency. In achieving the installation goal for renewable energy of Yokohama City by 2030, by proceeding with introduction preferentially from buildings with large power generation per cost, it is possible to reduce the number of installed buildings by 93%, the introduction cost by 10%, and increase the annual power generation by 4%.

DOI： 10.3130/aijt.23.925

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This study analyzes the relationship between people's values and other determinant factors behind energy-saving behaviors, with a critical view that capturing people's underlying values is needed to clarify energy-saving lifestyles, as values are an integral part of people's lifestyle and serve as guiding principles for their actions. This study holds an assumption, built around Schwartz's basic human value theory combined with Hirose's dual-process model for eco-friendly behavior, that more socially oriented values are related with factors which form energy-attitude, and therefore leading to a higher level of behavioral intention and actual behaviors taken, and vice versa. Answers to a questionnaire targeting the residents of an apartment in Yokohama were used as variables in the series of statistical analysis. The results of the analysis suggest that people's differing values are related with different levels of self-efficacy social responsibility cost-benefit cognition, and behavioral intention, but not with the level of actual behaviors taken. Self-transcendent values are especially important in fostering connections from people's behavioral intentions to actual actions.

DOI： 10.3130/aije.82.811

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER  

DOI： 10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.05.054

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We conducted this study to clarify the impact of regional climatic conditions on the energy consumption in the commercial sector, in Japan. For this research, we utilized the Database for the Energy Consumption of Commercial Buildings (DECC), which provided data on the individual buildings. The existing energy consumption pattern derived from the individual building data seems to have large variations depending on climatic conditions. Therefore, in this research, connections were made between the seasonal fluctuations in energy consumption as well as the seasonal temperature changes, in order to extract the components of variation due to temperature, and make a regional comparison. In addition, we prepared estimating equations for the energy consumption based on temperature. By applying the regional temperature data to these equations, the impact of temperature alone was extracted for comparison. The results showed that, for the types of buildings addressed in this research, even though there is a regionality to the ratio of increments during summer and winter with regard to heating and cooling, it is offset by summing them up. In this research, we were able to roughly determine the level of fluctuations in the energy consumption as an impact of temperature. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.05.054

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Around the betwixt mountainous areas in Japan, regional decline due to depopulation and aging has become serious. So, the regional redesign and economical promotion are required to maintain the quality of life and area. Therefore, in this research, we evaluate the CO2 emission reduction and the economic revitalization effect of low carbonization countermeasures by means of regional redesign and reestablishment of forestry for rural areas, in this paper, the amount of wood resources that can be used continuously for the future is evaluated by constructing "the dynamic prediction model for the regional wood resources" based on forest GIS data. By the prediction model, not only the amount of wood resources that can be sustainably utilized for the future, we can also evaluate forestry production activities to respond to the demand of wood resources.

DOI： 10.3130/aije.82.685

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This paper focused on the effects of outdoor temperature upon the fatigue due to temperature changing in the urban area. We conducted the questionnaire survey at Osaka Prefecture in 2010 through the winter from summer. As a result, a positive correlation to fatigue against outdoor temperature in summer and the negative one in winter were found. And the statistical significance were found in the score of DCF between the case of using air conditioner and not.

DOI： 10.3130/aijt.23.563

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1. Introduction: Even if it is difficult to take advantage of natural ventilation due to ambient conditions, it is beneficial to carry out designing which improves ventilation performances. Several design techniques aimed at promoting ventilation have been available, but have not gained in popularity because they often cause degradation and leak in the roof. In addition, in densely urban areas, it is difficult to predict the prevailing wind direction, and there are possibilities that a wind direction is changed due to rebuilding of the surrounding buildings. Furthermore, due to very narrow building intervals in the residential area of the urban areas, ensuring ventilation amount through the existing wall face-to-face is not easy. This paper focuses on the residential ventilation tower as a measure to address these problems. It aims to realize securing ventilation, which is often difficult through the existing wall window path, as a construction building frame without any use of electricity or moving parts. 2. Method: In order to quantitatively evaluate the performance of the ventilation tower, a calculation of ventilation tower size which demonstrates an equivalent airflow resistance value as through the existing wall face openings was carried out using a CFD. In the procedure, a virtual chamber to avoid effects of external wind and inlet conditions into the room was provided on all of the openings, then the flow rate count, α, in the ventilation tower inlet and each opening was calculated. The area of the ventilation tower entrance and ventilation tower opening area, which shows an equivalent ventilation resistance when using α, were calculated and set as Ventilation tower 1 (VT1) and Ventilation tower 2 (VT2) for evaluation in this study. 3. Result: The ventilation tower parts of VT1 and VT2 are attached to the roof of the house model, and wind tunnel experiments were carried out. The chamber pressure, the amount of ventilation and a rooftop velocity were measured. The results of the experiment confirmed that the route using the ventilation tower holds about 70% of the ventilation capacity of the existing wall face route without any dependency on the wall opening position and wind direction. 4. Conclusions: By creating a mesh for analysis which reproduced the housing model and comparing it with the obtained wind pressure coefficients and amount of ventilation in the experiment, the accuracy of CFD calculation was confirmed. Since the actual phenomena reproducibility of CFD with accuracy was confirmed, we went on to a case study with conditions with buildings in the surrounding area. No significant differences were noted in the case of assumed suburbs with 30% gross building coverage, whereas it was confirmed that the ventilation tower to function effectively in the densely built.

DOI： 10.3130/aije.82.43

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This paper focused on the effects of outdoor temperature upon the sleep disturbance due to temperature changing in the urban area. We conducted the questionnaire survey at Osaka Prefecture in 2010 through all four seasons. As a result, the positive correlation to sleep quality against outdoor temperature in only summer were found. And the statistical significance were found in the score of SQIDS between the case of using air conditioner and not.

DOI： 10.3130/aijt.22.1045

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Society of Hearting,Air-Conditioning and Sanitary Engineers of Japan  

In this study, in order to improve the accuracy of thermal load calculation in which the room air temperature is represented by the temperature at one point in a room, we focused on the convective heat transfer coefficients at the room's walls in thermal load calculations. Here, the convective heat transfer coefficients on each surface were investigated in detail for the LD (Living Dinning) room of a standard house model under the weather conditions in Osaka for three days in summer and winter via the use of the Low-Reynolds-number k-ε model that predicts heat transfer to the walls with good accuracy. As regards the application of the heat transfer coefficients on the floor, ceiling, and walls in natural room air temperature calculations of Macro Model, we confirmed that the application of about 1 to 2 W/(m^2・K) to every surface yields better agreement with the results of the room air temperature obtained with the Low-Reynolds-number k-ε model than with the use of the heat transfer coefficients of a simple formula based on experiments or with the use of ones obtained from the Low-Reynolds-number k-ε model.

DOI： 10.18948/shase.40.223_27

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE  

Background: It has been recognized that an increase in outdoor ambient temperatures has a negative impact on health, particularly fatigue and sleep quality; however, the relationship among fatigue, sleep quality, and air temperature has yet to be sufficiently elucidated.
Objectives: To examine whether fatigue and sleep quality in a healthy Japanese population were affected by rising air temperature at three time points in summer and to investigate the confounding factors for fatigue.
Methods: A total of 602 healthy volunteers in Osaka, Japan, participated in a survey that was conducted at the end of July, August, and September in 2010. The questionnaire consisted of four sections; demographic variables, accommodation status, fatigue, and sleep quality. We used the Chalder fatigue scale for assessment of fatigue, and the Japanese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) for assessment of sleep quality.
Results: The fatigue score was positively correlated with the sleep quality score in the total cohort. All the questionnaires at the three time points were completed by 162 participants. There were significant differences in fatigue scores among the surveys. We stratified the subjects into two groups of good and poor sleepers using a cutoff value of the PSQI. The good sleepers did not show differences in fatigue score regardless of the change in air temperature. However, the fatigue score of poor sleepers was greater at higher air temperatures. The use of air conditioners, accommodation type, and subject's age were confounding factors for fatigue.
Conclusions: High air temperatures in summer increased fatigue in healthy volunteers, especially those with poor sleep patterns, depending on the use of air conditioners, accommodation status, and subject's age. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.envres.2015.02.006

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This paper presents the actual Irving condition and energy consumption for household and daily routine moving in Inami Town. Wakayama Pref. as the target in typical betwixt mountainous through the questionnaire survey. Also the model households for the purpose of evaluating CO 2 reduction effect of low-carbon measures were constructed based on the information obtained from the survey. According to the questionnaire survey most of seniors around forestry area feel difficulty in daily life and half of them wish to migrate. Concerning theenergyconsumption,householdonlysemorsaroundforestry area consume more primary energy due to characteristics of tiaditonal farmhouse, non-electrified heating and soon. CO2 emissions per capita which was estimated based on the questionnaire survey, Inami Town compared with the Osaka City as the target in typical urban area, it become about 30% increase from household sector and about 5 times increase from daily routine moving sector. From the point of view of energy consumption and CO2 reductions, it will be affirmative determination that the elderly of betwixt mountainous regions to emigrate to population concentration district.

DOI： 10.3130/aije.80.1153

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This study aimed to establish a set of disability weights (DWs) for sleep problems and fatigue which could be applied in composite health outcome measures in order to quantify the burden of symptoms and economically evaluate the effects of increasing temperatures on a life cycle approach.
The conditions were evaluated by a two-step questionnaire study. In the first step, specialists determined the DW for each condition. The second step was identical to the first, except that the determinations were made by primary care physicians. Both groups of medical practitioners used an interpolation method consisting of a comprehensive set of 31 disease-specific DWs.
Mean DWs for sleep disturbance were 0.101 for environmental sleep disturbance, 0.069 for mild sleep disturbance, and 0.086 for moderate sleep disturbance. Mean DWs for chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) were 0.099 for a diagnosis of CFS, 0.164 for mild handicap, 0.281 for moderate handicap, and 0.459 for severe handicap. Mean DWs assigned by primary care physicians for sleep disturbance were 0.114 for environmental sleep disturbance, 0.140 for mild sleep disturbance, and 0.126 for severe sleep disturbance. Those for CFS were 0.154 for a diagnosis, 0.099 for mild handicap, 0.147 for moderate handicap, and 0.226 for severe handicap.
Using the present valuation protocol, it appeared feasible to establish the burden of symptoms as attributable to increasing temperatures. The results can be applied in composite health outcome measures for public health research, environmental research, and economic evaluations.

DOI： 10.1007/s11367-013-0551-y

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Society of Hearting,Air-Conditioning and Sanitary Engineers of Japan  

In this study, computational fluid dynamics code SCIENCE was modified to SCIENCE-Macro, in which the thermal load can be calculated, in order to improve the accuracy of thermal load calculation. In SCIENCE Macro, calculation of air flow is omitted and room air temperature is represented by temperature at one point in every room under the assumption that air temperature is uniform throughout the room. In this paper, the outline of SCIENCE-Macro is provided, and this code is compared with a thermal load calculation program for housing, called SMASH. As a result, it is found that the large difference in thermal load fluctuations is due to the difference in both of thermal conductivity calculation methods for walls. However, no significant differences are observed between the thermal load summations in these codes.

DOI： 10.18948/shase.37.183_67

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The ultimate aim for solution of global warming is to design net zero energy houses. In this study, considering house form and difference of household consitution we grasped the differences of air conditioning and lighting energy conumption reduction of various measures such as buliding specification, occupant behavior and machinery. Then considering the energy consumption of household appliance, hot water supply and kitchen and the photovoltaic power generation we evaluted attainability of net zero energy. As a result, it was shown that attainability of net zero energy is high in detached house, row house and low rise apartment house.

DOI： 10.3130/aije.76.665

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The objectives of this study are to develop the heat flux 〓〓uation system for mitigating urban thermal environment. In this paper, we examine the relationship between the reduction potentials of heat flux through various strategies for mitigating urban heat island and the target goal for mitigating urban thermal environment, in order to quantify the necessary heat flux reduction and inplementation level of each strategies in each area. First, we setted the target goal for mitigating urban thermal environment by means of recurring the past condition using the meso scale numerical analysis model, the necessary reduction level of calculated average TNDH was 10.7 degCh (population weighted value was 12.5 degCh) in the Osaka plain area. In addition, the quantity of necessary heat flux reduction was 11.5W/m^2 (population weighted value was 12.0W/m^2) at the time of reducing heat flux in the whole of Osaka plain area. On the other hand, under the regional distribution conditions of reducing heat flux, it showed that target goal could be achieved at the same reduction quantity. When various strategies for mitigating urban heat island are executed in implementation level of 100%, although the cities which achieve target goal exist, but also the cities which do not reach target goal exist was shown. Through the "Environmental Thermal Load Evaluation System" that proposed in this study, for example, local governments can set the concrete numerical target goal for reducing heat flux from cities, it can be evaluated the performance and potential of various strategies for mitigating urban heat island appropriately through the index "the Weighted Heat Flux Evaluation Method" which considers the air temperature influence of the changing heat flux, it became possible to evaluate the feasibility of the countermeasure in each local governments.

DOI： 10.18948/shase.34.153_1

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

In this study, we created a past thermal environment-related database around Kinki region and reproduced and evaluated past urban thermal environment. Comparing that calculation result with statistics, observed value or present situation calculation result established accuracy of reproduction. In addition, about land use and anthropogenic waste heat data as sources to affect urban thermal environment, we calculated with only one factor past to identify effective factor on temperature rise from past to present in an axis of time and space. Land use totally makes an impact, in urban areas, most affective sectors are transportation at daytime and residential and commercial at night.

DOI： 10.3130/aije.74.1163

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Society of Hearting,Air-Conditioning and Sanitary Engineers of Japan  

The objectives of this study are to develop the weighted heat flux evaluation method for various countermeasures against urban heat island taking into account differences in the thermal diffusion caused by generation time of heat flux and horizontal and vertical discharge positions of heat flux. Using two types of numerical simulation model, one is a three-dimensional meso-scale meteorological simulation model to evaluate the temperature influence caused by the change of heat flux discharge or generation and another is an one-dimensional meteorological simulation model to estimate the heat flux generated under a variety of building conditions. Then, this study shows two case studies (one is for an apartment house and another is for an office building) that apply the developed evaluation method for various strategies against urban heat island. As a result, the effect of heat flux reduction that was released from relatively high position and in the daytime (for example, high reflective roof) evaluates relatively low score. On the other hand, the effect of heat flux reduction that was released near the ground surface and in the nighttime (for example, anthropogenic heat release from the house) evaluates relatively high score. So it was shown that the weighted heat flux evaluation method evaluates a characteristic between the space-time of the heat flux adequately.

DOI： 10.18948/shase.34.147_17

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

An atmospheric dispersion model, where the inputs of meteorological field were calculated using a meteorological model, was used to reproduce the observed air pollution conditions for the typical fine day in summer period, especially the concentration of the photochemical oxidants. As well, the effects of an increase in the urban temperature and VOC emissions on the concentration of photochemical oxidants were also considered. The following conclusions were drawn.
The observed air pollution levels were well modeled by the atmospheric dispersion model using in this study, although modeled NO levels were slightly lower than the observed levels. All analysis of the temperature data showed that a 1 degrees C increase in temperature leads to a maximal photochemical oxidant concentration of 5.3 ppb, which is an increase of 11%. Additionally, the effect on the photochemical oxidant concentration due to an increase in the vegetation-derived VOCs was more than double the effect due to an increase in the photochemical reactions. It was found that the temperature and photochemical oxidant concentration were linearly related up to a temperature increase of 3 degrees C. When the temperature increases up to 3 degrees C, the concentration of photochemical oxidants increases by 19 ppb. An analysis of the effect of vegetation-derived VOCs on photochemical oxidant concentrations showed that, the concentration of photochemical oxidants was 30 ppb higher in the afternoon by the effect of vegetation-derived VOCs, so even in metropolitan areas with relatively little vegetation, vegetation-derived VOCs have a strong impact on photochemical oxidant concentrations. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.01.028

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Heat Island Institute International  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society of Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers  

This paper describes the numerical (CFD) analyses for thermal environment around the air-cooled outdoor units of air conditioning system installed on a roof of building to investigate the mechanism of Short-Circuit (SC) phenomenon. Especially, we focused on the effect of the condition of airflow around the air-cooled outdoor cooling units and the density of heat discharge. And then we developed the prediction formula to estimate the average or maximum rising inlet air temperature without CFD analyses and evaluated an effect of the decreasing inlet air temperature by applying various countermeasures. Based on these analyses, we proposed the method to estimate the required area for installing the air-cooled outdoor units and showed the possibility of decreasing the required area by applying various countermeasures.

DOI： 10.11322/tjsrae.26.81

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

In this study, we conducted the investigation into the surroundings of the meteorological observing stations (AMeDAS, Local or District Meteorologeical Observatory, Air Pollution Monitoring Network System) to evaluate concerning for what a observing station should be for monitoring urban thermal environment around Keihanshin district. As a result, we could grasp the detailed situation (land cover, barriers and so on) around the targeted obserivng stations and evaluated concerning the characteristics of each observing stations. And we made a knowledge database of these results temperature.

DOI： 10.3130/aijt.14.193

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE  

The standard biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions from 10 Japanese plant species (Quercus serrata, Quercus crispula, Fagus crenata, Quercus acutissima Carruthers, Quercus glauca, Quercus myrsinaefolia, Cryptomeria japonica, Chamaecyparis obtusa. Pinus densiflora, and rice [Oryza sativa]) were measured. These species were selected due to their abundance in the estimated domain (47,000 km(2)) of the Kinki region. BVOC emission experiments were conducted in a growth chamber where temperature and light intensity can be controlled. Temperature was set at the average summer temperature in Osaka and at 5 degrees C above average. Light intensity was set at 1000, 335, and 0 mu mol m(-2) s(-1) during day time. The amount of BVOC emission was high around noon due to the rise of ambient temperature. It was also found that the total emission rates and compositions of BVOC varied significantly among the plant species. Q. serrata, Q. crispula, F. crenata, Q. acutissima Carruthers, Q. glauca, and Q. myrsinaefolia emitted isoprene and showed emission dependence on light intensity and temperature. C. japonica, P. densiflora, C. obtusa, and O. sativa emitted monoterpenes and also showed emission dependence on temperature; however, only C. japonica and P. densiflora showed emission dependence on light intensity. Using BVOC emissions data from 10 plant species and forest data, BVOC emission potential maps were made. The emission of isoprene and monoterpenes from the Kinki region were estimated to be 596 and 54 ton h(-1), respectively. Seasonal and diurnal variations of BVOC emissions potential were also estimated. Of note, though the amount of monoterpenes from O. sativa is small, it contributes approximately 5% to the total monoterpene emissions due to the huge land area covered by paddy fields. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.envres.2007.09.009

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

In this paper, measurements and visualization of natural ventilation were performed in the building with a monitor roof in order to examine the effect on the indoor thermal environment and the ventilation property. As a result, it was suggested that a monitor roof was effective to improve the indoor thermal environment because it caused vertical ventilation driven by the difference of temperature between indoor and outdoor or between above and below and it brought increase of discharge rate and drop of indoor.

DOI： 10.3130/aijt.13.617

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society of Energy and Resources  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SOCIETY OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE, JAPAN  

Since water, energy and material balance is affected by the land-use, land use control is one of important issue for controlling atmospheric and water environment in the river basin . In this paper, synthesis model which integrates land-use transform scenario and atmospheric environment in the Yodo river basin is developed. In the first part, four kinds of land-use scenario for Yodo river basin in the year of 2035 are proposed: L1 scenario intend to concentration of population into two large cities, L2 scenario intend to concentration into five cities along Tokaido line, L3 scenario intend to concentration in five cities which consist of two large cities and three cities on the edge of Yodo river basin, and L4 scenario intend to returning of population into rural village. For each scenario, distribution of traffic volume and anthropogenic heat release is estimated . Using the land use condition and anthropogenic heat release, air temperature distribution in 2035 is simulated. Results of simulation show that the change of air temperature due to difference of land use scenario becomes about 1°C.

DOI： 10.11353/sesj1988.20.225

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.11353/sesj1988.20.215

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society of Energy and Resources  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

In this paper, the method we proposed before was progressed to consider effects of buildings on temperature, radiation and airflow. Moreover, by applying the method, the influence of temperature, radiation and airflow varied by buildings on cross ventilation and cooling energy consumption in a residential house was estimated. The results are as follows: (1) Under the influence of buildings, temperature would rise in daytime and fall in nighttime. (2) Buildings would shield solar radiation in daytime; they would reduce nocturnal radiation in nighttime. (3) In the case of considering buildings, when windows were open, indoor thermal environment would become worse due to weakened airflow velocity, while air change rate would be enough great to discharge inner heat into outside; when windows were close, infiltration rate would become so small as to cause temperature to rise and cooling heat loads to increase. (4) Cross ventilation duration would be increased by fall in temperature in daytime and by adding shading in evening, while it would be decreased by intensification of nocturnal radiation from night to morning. On the other hand, cooling energy consumption would be decreased by reduction of infiltration above all.

DOI： 10.3130/aije.72.103

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本建築学会  

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In this paper, we investigates to reproduce the current level of photochemical oxidants in the Kinki district. The effect of changes in temperature and VOCs emission rates on the concentration of photochemical oxidants was investigated. As a result, the analysis of the effects of an increase in temperature on the concentration of photochemical oxidants showed that the oxidant concentration increased by a maximum of 5.3ppb when the temperature increased by 1 degree Celsius. In addition, it was shown that an increase in vegetation-derived VOCs had twice the effect as the acceleration of photochemical reactions caused by increasing the temperature. Furthermore, it was suggested that vegetation-derived VOCs have a substantial influence on the oxidant concentration.

DOI： 10.3130/aije.72.89_1

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Society of Hearting,Air-Conditioning and Sanitary Engineers of Japan  

This study investigates from the current understanding of the short-circuit phenomenon and proposed countermeasures, to investigate the effects of the short-circuit phenomenon on energy consumption based on a measurement survey against existing buildings and a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis against virtual buildings with simple shapes. This paper reviews the current knowledge of the short-circuit phenomenon, reports the results of measurement survey against air-cooled air-conditioners with an outdoor unit, the quantitative evaluation of the effects of wind on the magnitude of the phenomenon, and the effects of the phenomenon on the energy consumption of air-conditioners. As a result of this study, the short-circuit phenomenon occurred in all the outdoor units and on average caused an increase in intake temperature of 3 degrees Celsius to 4 degrees Celsius in the daytime. It was assumed that the greatest effects on the range of intake temperatures were due to differences in wind and the location of the outdoor unit. The increase in intake temperature resulted in an increase of a little more than 3% on average in the power consumption of air-conditioning units during the measurement period. However, when unit-to-unit differences were examined, some units were subject to about a 15% increase in power consumption.

DOI： 10.18948/shase.32.118_19

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Society of Hearting,Air-Conditioning and Sanitary Engineers of Japan  

DOI： 10.18948/shase.31.117_11

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Center for Environmental Information Sciences  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society of Energy and Resources  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Society of Environmental Conservation Engineering  

DOI： 10.5956/jriet.35.485

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00282403636?from=CiNii

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：WIT PRESS  

VOCs emission experiments were conducted in a growth chamber in which temperature and luminous intensity can be controlled. Temperature was set at the typical summer temperature in Osaka and luminous intensity was set at 1000 (mu mol/m(2)/s) during daytime. The standard VOCs emissions from four representative Japanese plant species (Cryptomeria japonica, Chamaecyparis obtuse, Pinus densiflora and Quercus serrata) and rice plants were measured. The species distributions and their leaf biomass densities in the Kinki district were determined by the forest database and the use of a geophysical information system. Consequently, the detail emission distributions of isoprene and monoterpenes were estimated. Photochemical oxidant concentration was simulated by considering VOCs emissions from forests and paddy fields that changed with temperature and luminous intensity. The simulated results of NO, NO2 and O-3 reasonably agreed with the observed data at 12 monitoring locations. The numerical experiment of temperature increment by 1 degrees C that causes both the increment of VOCs and the promotion of photochemical reaction, could represent the recent increase of oxidant concentration by global wan-ning.

DOI： 10.2495/AIR06045

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Center for Environmental Information Sciences  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Institute of Life Cycle Assessment, Japan  

DOI： 10.3370/lca.1.144

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

In simulating heating and cooling loads of dwellings, influence of occupant indoor thermal environment control behavior on ON/OFF of air conditioner is an important parameter. We surveyed the usage of air conditioner in living rooms and bedrooms to study the relationship between thermal environment and the occurrance of air conditioner ON/OFF control. The results are as follow: (1) The average indoor temperature at the time of ON control is about 30.9℃. (2) It is supposed that occupants customarily switch on air conditioner in the morning and before night time even when it is slightly hot but within the endurance level, while they spare air conditioner during daytime and evening when the number of occupants decreases.(3) At night, occupants require high quality indoor thermal environment and switch on air conditioner customarily. (4) When the setting temperature of air conditioner is 1℃ higher, the indoor temperature at the time of ON control is observed to raise by about 1-2℃. (5) OFF control depends more on life schedule compared to thermal environment.

DOI： 10.3130/aije.70.83_1

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY PRESS  

Recently, some studies attempt to modelize control behavior for architectural heat transfer simulation. However, few of these studies consider cross ventilation. In this paper, we devised a control behavior model including cross ventilation. First, we performed surveys to study the relationship between indoor temperature and air conditioner On control. Then, the control behavior model applying the transition probability of air conditioner Off-to-On state based on the survey results was devised. Moreover, it was incorporated into the model we proposed before to estimate air conditioning energy consumption considering cross ventilation. Finally, the simulation results with our method were compared to those with the typical method. Consequently, our method estimated air conditioner operation time by about 20% less and cooling energy consumption by about 5% less compared to the typical method. This suggested that the typical method could overestimate air conditioner operation time and cooling energy consumption.

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japanese Society of Human-Environment System  

We surveyed the usage of air conditioner in living rooms and bedrooms to study the relationship between thermal environment and the occurrence of air conditioner On control. Then, a thermal environment control behavior model was developed with the survey results. Moreover, it was incorporated into the model we proposed before to estimate air conditioning energy consumption with the influence of cross ventilation. Finally, we studied the difference between the results calculated using typical method and our method. The results are as follow: (1) The average temperature at the time of On control in the morning and before bedtime is about 1.2℃ lower than that of daytime and evening during cooling season, while in the morning it is about 2.5℃ lower than that of daytime, evening and before bedtime during heating season. (2) The average temperature at the time of On control at night is about 1.0℃ lower than that in the morning and before bedtime and about 2.0℃ lower than that of daytime and evening during cooling season. (3) Our method estimates air conditioning duration to be about 20% less and air conditioning energy consumption to be about 8% less compared to typical method.

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

In this paper, the relation between utilization of air conditioner and indoor thermal environment was examined, and occupants' indoor thermal environment control behavior was modelized. Besides, a method to estimate indoor thermal environment and air conditioning energy consumption in a residential house with both natural ventilation and air conditioner was developed. By applying this method to a standard house model, the effects of natural ventilation on indoor thermal condition and air conditioning energy consumption in Osaka were grasped. The results are as follows: (1) When air conditioner was turned on, average indoor SET^* was about 19℃ in heating season and 27℃ in cooling season. Therefore, agreeable thermal environment in room without air conditioning is between 19℃ and 27℃ by SET^*. (2) It is clear that the method developed in this paper is able to estimate indoor thermal environment and air conditioning energy consumption with reasonable accuracy. (3) Utilization of fan enables air conditioning energy consumption at living room to be reduced by about 35 %.

DOI： 10.3130/aije.69.107_2

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

DOI： 10.3130/aijt.10.203

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

The energy flow that consists of inflow, conversion, consumption and discharge of energy is estimated for a central business district of Osaka City by summing up each building's energy flow. The estimated energy flow is evaluated from the viewpoint of environmental impacts such as heat island, global warming and local/global atmospheric environment. Changes of environmental impacts by various measures such as combined heat and power, energy saving of office equipments, insulation and river water source heat pump were also evaluated.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

In this report, effect of the anthropogenic waste heat upon urban thermal environment was described. (1) During night, the amount of anthropogenic waste heat is less than that during daytime, though the increase in temperature is about three times larger that during daytime. (2) Zones subject to temperature rise due to anthropogenic waste heat are clearly different in location between day and night. (3) Waste heat causes the delay of changing to land breeze especially in coastal zones. (4) Night waste heat significantly raises the air temperature, and its effect continues during the morning hours. (5) Night waste heat has a stronger effect in wider areas.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.67.97_3

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

In this paper, maps of regional climatic characteristic based on the results of some field measurements around hillside area were prepared. And then, guidelines for regional and architectural planning considered for the localized micrometeorological phenomena such as cold air drainage flow were drafted. As a result, it became possible to draw up regional and architectural plans aimed at improving thermal comfort and saving energy for residents. Particularly in regions with complicated geographical changes, in order to improve the reliability of the evaluation, it is essential to grasp regional characteristics by going through processes investigated in the present paper.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.67.93_5

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

A numerical model of cold air drainage flow over a finite-length slope was presented and characteristics of airflow and impacts of some parameters (volume of vegetation, shape of slope, anthropogenic waste heat and roughness parameter) were examined. Relating to the influence of land use, a slope covered with vegetation has a large capacity of generating cold air compared with a bare slope. When the cold air flowed out from the area covered with vegetation into the artificial area, roughness parameter has an impact to its velocity and anthropogenic waste heat to its temperature. As a result, the importance of preserving the green tract of land in a hilly area was pointed out.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.67.111_1

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

The energy flow which consists of inflow, conversion, consumption and discharge of energy is estimated for the region of Osaka Prefecture. To estimate energy flow in commercial and residential sector, we used not only the statistic but also our field survey results. We classified the phase of anthropogenic heat into sensible, latent and hot water discharge and examined the accuracy of the classification. The estimated energy flow is evaluated from the viewpoint of environmental impacts such as heat island, global warming and local/global atmospheric environment. Energy saving potential of heat cascading is also evaluated. In the final part of this paper, the impact of diffusion of DHC with cogeneration system in residential and commercial sector on total anthropogenic heat and emission is evaluated.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.67.99_3

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Doctoral thesis  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

Following acquaintance was obtained by field and questionnaire survey. (1) Most of the residents in a "hillside area" perceive the characteristic of atmospheric phenomena. (2) Concerned with energy consumotion for air-conditioning, consumption of "hillside area" is less than the neighboring city statistically. (3) In a "hillside area", resident's attitude of strength of wind has an impact on energy consumption for air-conditioning. (4) Energy consumption for air-conditioning can be reduced by ventilation. However, the condition of ventilation is strongly influenced by house configuration and it's surroundings, so it is important not only urban design but also architectural design.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.67.77_1

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

We obtained the following data of a structure generating cold air drainage flow. 1) A remarkable cold air drainage flow was observed all through the night in the area. 2) Wind velocity was less than 1.0m/s but the air temperature was apparently lower than the outskirts of the area. 3) The heat collectible area largely affects the strength of cold air drainage flow (temperature drop and wind velocity). 4) Role of vegetation cold heat source depends on the lay of the land in the upper area on a slope and the use of land. 5) Crowned vegetation may generate more cold air.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.66.85_2

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Center for Environmental Information Sciences  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the mechanism of air temperature distribution around complicated topographical hillside. We conducted a traversing field survey in model area (City of Kawanishi, Hyogo Pref.). The results are as follows. Air temperature distribution is affected by complicated topography in addition to land use. Therefore the subjective area has a wide range of temperature compared with a large-scale park in urban area. In the daytime, the characteristic factor that affects upon air temperature distribution is the difference in solar radiation by change of topographical element. In the nighttime, that is nocturnal cold air drainage.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.65.77_1

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

This paper investigated the possibility and the limitation of sounds to improve the nonspecific evaluation of the environment. Subjects evaluated the combined environment of eight kinds of sounds, two levels of temperature(19,24℃(SET*)) and two levels of illuminance(5,530lx) in a room on seven points bipolar scales of 23 adjectives by Semantic Differential Technique. Subjects were 21 male students. The result shows that a few kinds of sound stimuli can improve the uncomfortable evaluation in the 19℃-5lx condition. But the same stimuli were found not always to have the similar effect on the negative comfort resulting from the another thermal and lighting conditions.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.63.45_1

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

DOI： 10.24546/00044721

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japanese Society of Biometeorology  

DOI： 10.11227/seikisho1966.35.35

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japanese Society of Biometeorology  

DOI： 10.11227/seikisho1966.35.85

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DOI： 10.24546/00044740

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Master’s thesis  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

This study discussed the combined effect of sound, ambient temperature and illuminance on the evaluation of the environment in a room. Since there are many environmental factors in a room, the non-specific image of the combined environment was measured in this study. Subjects evaluated the combined environment of eight kinds of sounds, two levels of temperature (19, 24℃ (SET^*)) and two levels of illuminance (5,530(lx)) on seven-points bipolar scales of 23 adjectives by Semantic Differential Technique. Sutjects were 21 male students. The result of factor analysis was different from Izumi et al. (1983) which discussed the specific impression of sound. It was suggested that the difference between them is caused by the difference between non-specific and specific evaluation of sound. Since plural factors have significant effects on every evaluation, it was suggested that even in the case of the study on the specific evaluation, the other environmental factors should be recorded.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.61.55_3

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Total pages：211   Language：Japanese Book type：General book, introductory book for general audience

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (scientific journal)  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (national, other academic conference)   Publisher：The Society of Heating,Air-Conditioning&Sanitary Engineers of Japan  

DOI： 10.18948/shasetaikai.2016.9.0_77

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (national, other academic conference)   Publisher：一般社団法人日本建築学会  

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