記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：WILEY  

Objective There is no report that statistically evaluates the therapeutic reference (350-600 ng/ml) and adverse drug reaction (ADR) range (>1000 ng/ml) of clozapine (CLZ) recommended by the Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Neuropsychopharmakologie und Pharmakopsychiatrie (AGNP) consensus guidelines in an isolated and large sampling study.Methods We administered CLZ to 131 Japanese patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia in a multicenter cross-sectional study. Plasma CLZ concentrations were assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography using trough sampling. The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and severe dose-dependent ADR (sedation, myoclonus, and seizures) were analyzed statistically after adjusting for possible confounders.Results The daily CLZ dosage showed a moderately positive relationship with the plasma concentration (r = 0.49, p 0.001). Every 100 ng/ml increase in plasma CLZ concentration improved the total BPRS score 1.95% (95% CI: 0.89-3.01, p 0.001) and the odds ratio (OR) 1.38 (95% CI: 1.14-1.66, p = 0.001) for BPRS response. Compared with concentrations below 350 ng/ml CLZ, 350-600 ng/ml (11.12%; 95% CI: 2.52-19.72, p = 0.012) and 600-1000 ng/ml (11.05%; 95% CI: 2.40-19.71, p = 0.013) showed significant improvement in the total BPRS score. Dosages above 1000 ng/ml showed greater improvement (25.36%; 95% CI: 13.08-37.64, p 0.001) of the total BPRS score but more severe ADRs than dosages below 1000 ng/ml (OR: 31.72; 95% CI: 1.04-968.81, p = 0.048).Conclusion The AGNP therapeutic reference range (350-600 ng/ml) is useful, and a dose above 1000 ng/ml is potentially more effective but carries the risk of severe ADRs in the central nervous system.

DOI： 10.1111/acps.13264

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：WILEY  

OBJECTIVE: There is no report that statistically evaluates the therapeutic reference (350-600 ng/ml) and adverse drug reaction (ADR) range (>1000 ng/ml) of clozapine (CLZ) recommended by the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Neuropsychopharmakologie und Pharmakopsychiatrie (AGNP) consensus guidelines in an isolated and large sampling study. METHODS: We administered CLZ to 131 Japanese patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia in a multicenter cross-sectional study. Plasma CLZ concentrations were assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography using trough sampling. The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and severe dose-dependent ADR (sedation, myoclonus, and seizures) were analyzed statistically after adjusting for possible confounders. RESULTS: The daily CLZ dosage showed a moderately positive relationship with the plasma concentration (r = 0.49, p < 0.001). Every 100 ng/ml increase in plasma CLZ concentration improved the total BPRS score 1.95% (95% CI: 0.89-3.01, p < 0.001) and the odds ratio (OR) 1.38 (95% CI: 1.14-1.66, p = 0.001) for BPRS response. Compared with concentrations below 350 ng/ml CLZ, 350-600 ng/ml (11.12%; 95% CI: 2.52-19.72, p = 0.012) and 600-1000 ng/ml (11.05%; 95% CI: 2.40-19.71, p = 0.013) showed significant improvement in the total BPRS score. Dosages above 1000 ng/ml showed greater improvement (25.36%; 95% CI: 13.08-37.64, p < 0.001) of the total BPRS score but more severe ADRs than dosages below 1000 ng/ml (OR: 31.72; 95% CI: 1.04-968.81, p = 0.048). CONCLUSION: The AGNP therapeutic reference range (350-600 ng/ml) is useful, and a dose above 1000 ng/ml is potentially more effective but carries the risk of severe ADRs in the central nervous system.

DOI： 10.1111/acps.13264

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：JAPAN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASSOC  

DOI： 10.2188/jea.JE20200492

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Background Metastasis-associated in colon cancer 1 (MACC1) has been reported to be an independent indicator of poor prognoses in some kinds of cancer due to disease metastasis or recurrence. We investigated the correlation between MACC1 expression and the prognosis of glottic cancer. Methods Paraffin-embedded, early-stage (I or II) glottic cancer specimens (n = 52) were immunohistochemically analyzed to explore MACC1 expression. The clinical records associated with each case were also examined. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) was estimated using the Kaplan- Meier method, and between-group RFS differences were assessed using the log-rank test. The multivariate analyses were evaluated using the Cox's proportional-hazard model. Results Patients were treated with only radiotherapy (RT) (n = 37, including 18 with T1 disease and 19 with T2 disease), or with chemoradiotherapy (CRT) (n = 15, including 1 with T1 disease and 14 with T2 disease). Eleven patients demonstrated local recurrence and two patients experienced cervical lymph node recurrence. Tumor specimens were MACC1-positive in 9 of the 13 (69.2%) patients with local or neck recurrence, and 7 of the 11 (63.6%) patients with local recurrence. The RFS rate of patients who were treated with only RT was significantly lower than that of patients who were treated with CRT (P = 0.0243). The RFS rate was significantly lower in cases with MACC1 expression than in those without MACC1 expression (P = 0.0003). Multivariate analysis revealed that MACC1 expression was an independent risk factor of local recurrence (P = 0.0016). Conclusion MACC1 is an independent indicator of recurrence related to RFS in early-stage glottic cancer.

DOI： 10.1093/jjco/hyz206

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER  

Rationale Changing antipsychotics of patients with chronic schizophrenia involves several risks. Switching to aripiprazole is especially difficult. We investigated switching methods and related factors for successful switching patients with chronic schizophrenia to aripiprazole. Objectives This study was a multi-center historical cohort study and approved by the research ethics committee of Okayama University Hospital and Okayama Psychiatric Medical Center. We compared survival proportions of 178 chronic schizophrenia patients who continued aripiprazole monotherapy for 6 months after non-direct switching (add-on switching (n = 45), cross switching (n = 62)) or direct switching (n = 71). We adjusted possible confounders using a Cox proportional hazards model. Results Of patients with chronic schizophrenia, 56.7% (101/178) were switched to aripiprazole monotherapy, and 55.0% (98/178) showed improvement in symptoms as demonstrated by the Clinical Global Impression Severity score. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that non-direct switching had a higher survival proportion than direct switching (log-rank test, p = 0.012). Even after adjusting for several variables using a Cox proportional hazards model, add-on switching had a significantly lower hazard at 6 months than direct switching (hazard ratio 0.42, 95% confidence interval 0.21-0.82, P = 0.01). In cases of switching to aripiprazole for psychiatric symptoms, non-direct switching had a lower hazard than direct switching (hazard ratio 0.41, 95% confidence interval 0.21-0.81, P = 0.01) but was not significant for adverse reaction. When aripiprazole was switched from olanzapine, add-on switch showed the lowest hazard ratio for continuation (hazard ratio 0.29, 95% confidence interval 0.07-1.11, P = 0.07). Conclusions Flexibility in strategies when switching to aripiprazole may induce a better outcome for patients with chronic schizophrenia.

DOI： 10.1007/s00213-019-05352-7

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1007/s00213-019-05352-7

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.alit.2019.12.004

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

OBJECTIVES: Reading and writing skills are important for hearing-impaired children since these skills help them to develop their language skills, but the prevalence of reading/writing difficulties and its effects on language development aspects among them are unclear. In this study, we identified language development features and demographic factors of Japanese hearing-impaired children diagnosed as having reading/writing difficulties. METHODS: We analyzed data from a total of 546 sever-to-profound pre-school and elementary school hearing-impaired children for this study. Children with reading/writing difficulties (Group A) were defined as children obtaining low scores (-1.5 SD compared to others in the same grade) in the Screening Test of Reading and Writing for Japanese Primary School Children (STRAW), and we compared other language development features (communication ability, vocabulary, syntax and academic achievement) and demographic factors to those of hearing-impaired children with normal reading and writing skills (Group B). We assessed language development domains as outcomes using the Assessment of Language Development for Japanese Children (ALADJIN) package, and analyzed the results stratified by age groups (5-6, 7-8, 9-10, and 11-12 years) using multiple regression analyses. RESULTS: The prevalence of reading/writing difficulties was 20.1% among the participants. Almost all point estimates in each language development domain showed better odds ratios (OR) except Criterion Referenced Test -II (CRT-II) mathematics in 11- to 12-year-olds in fully-adjusted models. Among 9- to 10-year-olds, the ORs (95% confidence interval) for fair academic achievement measured by CRT-II were 2.60 (1.09-6.20) for Japanese and 3.02 (1.29-7.11) for mathematics in Group B, even after adjusting for possible confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS: Reading and writing are important for language development of hearing-impaired children, especially for academic achievement during the middle phase of elementary school. Screening for reading/writing difficulties is important for appropriate intervention and to prevent language and academic delays among hearing-impaired children.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijporl.2019.109619

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.07.137

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND: A growing body of evidence has demonstrated the associations between social capital and health. In residential or geographical areas, social capital has attracted attention for its protective effects against suicide. However, to this date, the relationship between social capital and suicidal ideation is not fully elaborated in the occupational setting. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the association between workplace social capital and suicidal ideation in the past year among employees in Japan. METHODS: A cross-sectional, web-based survey was conducted in February/March 2017 via an anonymous self-administered questionnaire distributed to workers in Tsukuba Science City, Japan. Binomial logistic regressions were used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for suicidal ideation in the past year, controlling for age group, marital status, educational attainment, and annual household income. The results were shown stratified by sex and occupation. RESULTS: In total, 7255 of 19,481 workers responded, out of which we could analyze 6325 responses (4030 men, 2295 women). The prevalence of suicidal ideation in the past year was 5.9% for men and 7.8% for women. Low workplace social capital was statistically significantly associated with suicidal ideation both for men (OR = 2.57, 95% CI = 1.72-3.83) and for women (OR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.15-2.66), compared with high workplace social capital after controlling for socioeconomic factors. CONCLUSION: Higher workplace social capital was associated with a reduced risk of suicidal ideation in the past year. Promoting workplace social capital could contribute to preventing suicide among employees in Japan.

DOI： 10.1186/s12889-019-7244-9

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.04.010

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.alit.2018.09.002

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：WILEY-BLACKWELL  

Background. The risk factors for thrombus formation in anastomotic vessels in free-flap head and neck reconstruction have been previously reported. However, the evidence is inconsistent.
Methods. In total, 773 patients who underwent free jejunal graft reconstruction after pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy for hypopharyngeal cancer were enrolled at 12 institutions in Japan from 1995 to 2006. Both the resection area and the applied reconstruction method were constrained to overcome the limitations of previous studies. After the exclusion of recurrent cases, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for thrombosis were calculated in a multivariate logistic regression analysis.
Results. Postoperative anastomotic thrombosis developed in 23 patients (3.0%). In the multivariate analysis, the OR for thrombosis per 100-mL increase in blood loss was 1.24 (95% CI = 1.02-1.51), even after controlling for other risk factors.
Conclusion. Our results show that the blood loss volume is an independent risk factor for thrombosis in free tissue grafts. (C) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

DOI： 10.1002/hed.24504

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：WILEY-BLACKWELL  

ObjectiveNovel countermeasures to increase healthcare expenditures should be explored in rapidly aging societies, including Japan. Social support is a resource for the older people that effectively reduces psychological distress, with or without specialized health service provision. This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine whether home visits by commissioned welfare volunteers (organizations of community residents assigned by national or local governments) are associated with a lower risk of psychological distress among the older people.
MethodsQuestionnaires were sent in August 2010 to all residents aged 65years in three municipalities (n=21,232) in Okayama Prefecture in Japan; 13,929 were returned (response rate=65.6%). The final sample size for the analysis was 11,312 participants. Home visits, psychological distress (Kessler Psychological Distress Scale: K6&gt;5), and severe psychological distress (K6&gt;13) were measured by the questionnaire. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for psychological distress, adjusting for age, gender, education, marital status, and qualification for long-term care insurance.
ResultsThe prevalence was 41.4% for psychological distress and 6.5% for severe psychological distress among all participants. Home visits were significantly associated with a lower risk of psychological distress after adjusting for the covariates (OR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.65-0.77). These associations were comparable for men and women. The association was clearer for severe psychological distress (OR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.43-0.61).
ConclusionsHome visits by commissioned welfare volunteers are significantly associated with a lower risk of psychological distress among older people. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

DOI： 10.1002/gps.4268

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0142629

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

Conclusion: It appears that patients with SCCHN should be recommended to take S-1 for more than 1 year and, if possible, more than 2 years, as adjuvant chemotherapy for SCCHN. Objectives: There is no established consensus on the duration of administration of S-1 as adjuvant chemotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). Since it might be difficult to undergo prospective randomized study to identify the optimal duration of the administration period of S-1 without a standard, the authors have undergone a retrospective clinical study to decide the tentative standard of therapeutic duration of S-1 as adjuvant chemotherapy for SCCHN. Methods: The clinical records of 89 patients with SCCHN who underwent adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1 were investigated. Results: The median duration of S-1 administration as adjuvant chemotherapy for SCCHN was 7 months (range = 0.1-58 months). Disease-free survivals (DFSs) were generally longer when S-1 administration periods were longer. After adjusting for prognostic factors, S-1 administration periods of 24 months or longer showed significantly lower hazard ratios (HRs) than 0-12 months.

DOI： 10.3109/00016489.2015.1049664

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：WILEY-BLACKWELL  

BackgroundFew studies have investigated the prognostic factors for nasal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma.
MethodsThis was a retrospective multicenter clinical study. The clinical records of 36 patients with nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma who had been first treated between 1996 and 2011 were collected from 12 hospitals.
ResultsHigh serum levels of C-reactive protein (1.0 mg/dL), lactate dehydrogenase (350 IU/L), and soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R; 600 U/mL) were associated with worse prognosis. A prognostic score was devised by totaling the number of these 3 predictors: 0 or 1 = score 0; and 2 or 3 = score 1. As for tumor invasion, local invasion beyond the nasal cavity was associated with poor prognosis, and a prognostic score was devised as: tumor restricted to nasal cavity, yes = score 0; no = score 1. A novel prognostic index (NPI) was established based on these scores from 0 to 2. Disease-specific survival rates at 5 years were: 90.0% for NPI = 0; 29.3% for NPI = 1; and 0.0% for NPI = 2.
ConclusionOur NPI is valid for anticipating prognosis of nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma. (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck36: 551-556, 2014

DOI： 10.1002/hed.23322

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER HEIDELBERG  

Aims Social support has consistently been reported to be effective in reducing suicidal ideation. This cross-sectional study was performed to determine whether home visits by commissioned welfare volunteers (i.e., organizations of community residents appointed by national or prefectural governments) are associated with a lower risk of suicidal ideation among the elderly.
Methods In August 2010, questionnaires were sent to all residents aged &gt;= 65 years in three municipalities (n = 21,232) in Okayama prefecture, Japan, and 13,929 returned the questionnaire (response rate: 65.6 %). We finally analyzed 11,218 subjects. Both home visits by commissioned welfare volunteers and suicidal ideation within the last 30 days were assessed in the questionnaire. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for suicidal ideation were calculated adjusting for age, sex, educational attainment, and marital status. We then additionally adjusted for instrumental and emotional support, separately.
Results The prevalence of suicidal ideation was 10.0 % and higher in women than in men (11.4 % vs. 8.0 %). Home visits were significantly associated with a lower risk of suicidal ideation after adjusting for instrumental and emotional support, respectively (OR: 0.60, 95 % CI: 0.53-0.69; OR: 0.67, 95 % CI: 0.59-0.78). In sex-stratified analysis, the association was clearer for women than for men: the corresponding ORs among women were 0.55 (95 % CI: 0.46-0.65) and 0.61 (95 % CI: 0.52-0.73), whereas they were 0.71 (95 % CI: 0.56-0.90) and 0.78 (95 % CI: 0.61-0.99) among men.
Conclusion Our findings suggest that home visits by commissioned welfare volunteers are significantly associated with lower suicidal ideation among the elderly, particularly in women.

DOI： 10.1007/s00127-013-0752-5

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE  

Background: A growing number of studies have sought to examine the health associations of workplace social capital; however, evidence of associations with overweight is sparse. We examined the association between individual perceptions of workplace social capital and overweight among Japanese male and female employees.
Methodology/Principal Findings: We conducted a cross-sectional survey among full-time employees at a company in Osaka prefecture in February 2012. We used an 8-item measure to assess overall and sub-dimensions of workplace social capital, divided into tertiles. Of 1050 employees, 849 responded, and 750 (624 men and 126 women) could be linked to annual health check-up data in the analysis. Binomial logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for overweight (body mass index: &gt;= 25 kg/m(2), calculated from measured weight and height) separately for men and women. The prevalence of overweight was 24.5% among men and 14.3% among women. Among men, low levels of bonding and linking social capital in the workplace were associated with a nearly 2-fold risk of overweight compared to high corresponding dimensions of social capital when adjusted for age, sleep hours, physiological distress, and lifestyle. In contrast, among women we found lower overall and linking social capital to be associated with lower odds for overweight even after covariate adjustment. Subsequently, we used multinomial logistic regression analyses to assess the relationships between a 1 standard deviation (SD) decrease in mean social capital and odds of underweight/overweight relative to normal weight. Among men, a 1-SD decrease in overall, bonding, and linking social capital was significantly associated with higher odds of overweight, but not with underweight. Among women, no significant associations were found for either overweight or underweight.
Conclusions/Significance: We found opposite gender relationships between perceived low linking workplace social capital and overweight among Japanese employees.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0088084

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：BIOMED CENTRAL LTD  

Background: To date, only a small amount of research on bonding/bridging social capital has separately examined their effects on health though they have been thought to have differential effects on health outcomes. By using a large population-based sample of elderly Japanese people, we sought to investigate the association between bonding and bridging social capital and self-rated health for men and women separately.
Methods: In August 2010, questionnaires were sent to all residents aged &gt;= 65 years in three municipalities in Okayama prefecture (n = 21232), and 13929 questionnaires were returned (response rate: 65.6%). Social capital was measured from survey responses to questions on participation in six different types of groups: a) the elderly club or sports/hobby/culture circle; b) alumni association; c) political campaign club; d) citizen's group or environmental preservation activity; e) community association; and f) religious organization. Participant perception of group homogeneity (gender, age, and previous occupation) was used to divide social capital into bonding or bridging. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for poor self-rated health were calculated.
Results: A total of 11146 subjects (4441 men and 6705 women) were available for the analysis. Among men, bonding and bridging social capital were inversely associated with poor self-rated health (high bonding social capital; OR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.31-0.99; high bridging social capital; OR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.48-0.81) after adjusting for age, educational attainment, smoking status, frequency of alcohol consumption, overweight, living arrangements, and type-D personality. The beneficial effect among women was more likely limited to bonding social capital (high bonding social capital; OR: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.12-1.00), and the association between bridging social capital and self-rated health was less clear (high bridging social capital; OR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.44-1.07).
Conclusions: Bonding/bridging social capital could have differential associations with self-rated health among the Japanese elderly depending on the individual's sex. Considering the lack of consensus on how to measure bonding and bridging social capital, however, we need to carefully assess the generalizability of our findings. Further research is warranted to identify health-relevant dimensions of social capital in different cultural or economic settings.

DOI： 10.1186/1471-2458-13-1189

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE  

Objective: To examine which contextual features of the workplace are associated with social capital.Methods: This is a cohort study of 43,167 employees in 3090 Finnish public sector workplaces who responded to a survey of individual workplace social capital in 2000-02 (response rate 68%). We used ecometrics approach to estimate social capital of work units. Features of the workplace were work unit's demographic and employment patterns and size, obtained from employers' administrative records. We used multilevel-multinomial logistic regression models to examine cross-sectionally whether these features were associated with social capital between individuals and work units. Fixed effects models were used for longitudinal analyses in a subsample of 12,108 individuals to examine the effects of changes in workplace characteristics on changes in social capital between 2000 and 2004.Results: After adjustment for individual characteristics, an increase in work unit size reduced the odds of high levels of individual workplace social capital (odds ratio 0.94, 95% confidence interval 0.91-0.98 per 30-person-year increase). A 20% increase in the proportion of manual and male employees reduced the odds of high levels of social capital by 8% and 23%, respectively. A 30% increase in temporary employees and a 20% increase in employee turnover were associated with 11% (95% confidence interval 1.04-1.17) and 24% (95% confidence interval 1.18-1.30) higher odds of having high levels of social capital respectively). Results from fixed effects models within individuals, adjusted for time-varying covariates, and from social capital of the work units yielded consistent results.Conclusions: These findings suggest that workplace social capital is contextually patterned. Workplace demographic and employment patterns as well as the size of the work unit are important in understanding variations in workplace social capital between individuals and workplaces.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0065846

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

Despite accumulating evidence of associations between social capital and health in public health research, a criticism of the field has been that researchers have exclusively focused on concepts of social cohesion to the exclusion of individual-level approaches. In the present study, we evaluated the association between social capital measured by the Resource Generator (an individual-level assessment of access to social capital) and self-rated health among Japanese population in a cross-sectional study. A postal survey of 4000 randomly selected residents in Okayama City (western Japan) was conducted in February 2009. We divided the overall scores from the Resource Generator Japan scale into quartiles. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for self-rated health were calculated separately by sex. Individuals with the highest quartile of scores had significantly lower odds of poor health compared to the lowest group after covariate adjustment among both men and women (men; OR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.24-0.86, women; OR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.25-0.79, respectively) and there were also significant dose-response relationships. In the sub-domains of Resource Generator Japan scale, a differential pattern was observed by sex. Women showed a clear dose response relationship with health across all four sub-scales (domestic resources, expert advice, personal skills, and problem solving resources). In contrast, only the domain of expert advice exhibited a strong association with men's health. Among both men and women individual-level social capital measured by the Resource Generator was related to reduced odds of poor health even after taking into account individual confounders. Although we cannot exclude reverse causation due to the cross-sectional design, our study adds to the accumulating evidence of the potential utility of the Resource Generator for evaluating the relationship between individual-level access to social capital and health. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.02.027

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：BIOMED CENTRAL LTD  

Background: Exposure to air pollution has been demonstrated to increase the risk of preterm birth and low birth weight (LBW). Although evidence has accumulated on characteristics associated with increased risk of air pollution-related health effects, most studies have been conducted in the adult population and evidence on reproductive outcomes is limited. We examined whether socio-economic position (SEP) and parental characteristics (parental behavior and co-morbidity) modified the relationship between air pollution and adverse birth outcomes. Methods: Data were extracted from a perinatal hospital database based in Shizuoka, Japan. We restricted the analysis to mothers who delivered live-born single births from January 1997 to December 2010 (n = 16,615). Each birth was assigned proximity to major roads. Multivariate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for the outcomes of preterm birth and term LBW. We stratified subjects by individual/area-level SEP and parental characteristics. We then measured interactions on the additive scale between the respective factors and exposure. Results: Lower SEP at both individual and area levels was asso

DOI： 10.1186/1476-069X-12-34

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：OKAYAMA UNIV MED SCHOOL  

The purpose of this study was to examine the association between shift work and diabetes mellitus by separating shift workers according to the intensity of their shift work (seasonal shift work and continuous shift work). Between May and October 2009, we collected data from annual health checkups and questionnaires at a manufacturing company in Shizuoka, Japan. Questionnaires were returned by 1,601 workers (response rate: 96.2%, men/women = 1,314/287). Diabetes mellitus was defined as hemoglobin Alc &gt;= 6.5% and fasting blood sugar &gt;= 126 mg/dl. After exclusions, which included all the women and clerical workers because they did not work in shifts, we analyzed 475 skilled male workers. After adjusting for age, smoking status, frequency of alcohol consumption, and cohabitation status, odds ratios for diabetes mellitus were 0.98 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.28-4.81) and 2.10 (95% CI: 0.77-5.71) among seasonal shift workers and continuous shift workers, respectively, compared with non-shift workers. In an age-stratified analysis (&lt; 45 years vs. &gt;= 45 years), the association between continuous shift work and diabetes mellitus was more pronounced among older participants. Compared with non-shift workers, the risk of diabetes mellitus was increased among continuous shift workers, whereas its effect is limited among seasonal shift workers.

DOI： 10.18926/AMO/49254

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

Large-scale food poisoning caused by methylmercury was identified in Minamata, Japan, in the 1950s (Minamata disease). Although the diagnostic criteria for the disease remain current, few studies have been carried out to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the criteria. From a 1971 population-based investigation, data from 2 villages were selected: Minamata (high-exposure area; n = 779) and Ariake (low-exposure area; n = 755). The authors examined the prevalence of neurologic signs characteristic of methylmercury poisoning and the validity of the criteria. A substantial number of residents in the exposed area exhibited neurologic signs even after excluding officially certified patients. Using paresthesia of the extremities as the gold standard of diagnosis, the criteria had a sensitivity of 66%. The current diagnostic criteria as well as the official certification system substantially underestimate the incidence of Minamata disease.

DOI： 10.1080/19338244.2011.627894

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.puhe.2012.12.011

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE  

Background: Multilevel analyses are ideally suited to assess the effects of ecological (higher level) and individual (lower level) exposure variables simultaneously. In applying such analyses to measures of ecologies in epidemiological studies, individual variables are usually aggregated into the higher level unit. Typically, the aggregated measure includes responses of every individual belonging to that group (i.e. it constitutes a self-included measure). More recently, researchers have developed an aggregate measure which excludes the response of the individual to whom the aggregate measure is linked (i.e. a self-excluded measure). In this study, we clarify the substantive and technical properties of these two measures when they are used as exposures in multilevel models.Methods: Although the differences between the two aggregated measures are mathematically subtle, distinguishing between them is important in terms of the specific scientific questions to be addressed. We then show how these measures can be used in two distinct types of multilevel models-self-included model and self-excluded model-and interpret the parameters in each model by imposing hypothetical interventions. The concept is tested on empirical data of workplace social capital and employees' systolic blood pressure.Results: Researchers assume group-level interventions when using a self-included model, and individual-level interventions when using a self-excluded model. Analytical re-parameterizations of these two models highlight their differences in parameter interpretation. Cluster-mean centered self-included models enable researchers to decompose the collective effect into its within-and between-group components. The benefit of cluster-mean centering procedure is further discussed in terms of hypothetical interventions.Conclusions: When investigating the potential roles of aggregated variables, researchers should carefully explore which type of model-self-included or self-excluded-is suitable for a given situation, particularly when group sizes are relatively small.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0051717

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS  

Objective: The association between workplace factors and the development of hypertension remains uncertain. We examined the risk of hypertension as a function of workplace social capital, that is, social cohesion, trust and reciprocity in the workplace.
Methods: A total of 11 777 male and 49 145 female employees free of chronic hypertension at baseline in 2000-2004 were followed up for incident hypertension until the end of 2005 (the Finnish Public Sector Study). We used survey responses from the participants and their coworkers in the same work unit to assess workplace social capital at baseline. Follow-up for incident hypertension was based on record linkage to national health registers (mean follow-up 3.5 years, 1424 incident hypertension cases).
Results: Male employees in work units characterized by low workplace social capital were 40-60% more likely to develop chronic hypertension compared to men in work units with high social capital [age-adjusted hazard ratio 1.57, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15-2.14 for self-assessed social capital and 1.41, 95% CI 1.01-1.97 for coworkers' assessment]. According to path analysis adjusted for covariates, the association between low self-reported social capital and hypertension was partially mediated by obesity (P for pathway = 0.02) and alcohol consumption (P = 0.03). For coworker-assessed social capital, the corresponding mediation pathways did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.055 and 0.22, respectively). No association between workplace social capital and hypertension was found for women.
Conclusion: These data suggest that low self-reported workplace social capital is associated with increased near-term risk of hypertension in men in part due to unhealthy lifestyle.

DOI： 10.1097/HJH.0b013e32835377ed

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：BIOMED CENTRAL LTD  

Background: The link between long working hours and health has been extensively studied for decades. Despite global concern regarding metabolic syndrome, however, no studies to date have solely evaluated the relationship between long working hours and that syndrome. We therefore examined the association between long working hours and metabolic syndrome in a cross-sectional study.
Methods: Between May and October 2009, we collected data from annual health checkups and questionnaires from employees at a manufacturing company in Shizuoka, Japan. Questionnaires were returned by 1,601 workers (response rate: 96.2%; 1,314 men, 287 women). After exclusions, including women because of a lack of overtime work, the analysis was performed for 933 men. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for metabolic syndrome. Further, we conducted a stratified analysis by age-group (&lt;40 years vs. &gt;= 40 years).
Results: Metabolic syndrome was identified in 110 workers (11.8%). We observed a positive association between working hours and metabolic syndrome after adjusting for age, occupation, shift work, smoking status, frequency of alcohol consumption, and cohabiting status. Compared with subjects who worked 7-8 h/day, multivariate ORs for metabolic syndrome were 1.66 (95% CI, 0.91-3.01), 1.48 (95% CI, 0.75-2.90), and 2.32 (95% CI, 1.04-5.16) for those working 8-9 h/day, 9-10 h/day, and &gt;10 h/day, respectively. Similar patterns were obtained when we excluded shift workers from the analysis. In age-stratified analysis, the corresponding ORs among workers aged &gt;= 40 years were 2.02 (95% CI, 1.04-3.90), 1.21 (95% CI, 0.53-2.77), and 3.14 (95% CI, 1.24-7.95). In contrast, no clear association was found among workers aged &lt;40 years.
Conclusions: The present study suggests that 10 h/day may be a trigger level of working hours for increased risk of metabolic syndrome among Japanese male workers.

DOI： 10.1186/1471-2458-12-395

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：JAPAN SOC OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：JAPAN SOC OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH  

Maternal Working Hours and Early Childhood Overweight in Japan: A Population-based Study: Toshiharu MITSUHASHI, et al. Department of Epidemiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Objectives: There has been a growing concern that maternal employment could have adverse or beneficial effects on children's health. Although recent studies demonstrated that maternal employment was associated with a higher risk of childhood overweight, the evidence remains sparse in Asian countries. We sought to examine the relationship between maternal working hours and early childhood overweight in a rural town in Okayama Prefecture. Methods: In February 2008, questionnaires were sent to parents of all preschool children aged &gt;= 3 yr in the town to assess maternal working status (working hours and form of employment), children's body mass index, and potential confounders. Childhood overweight was defined following the age and sex-specific criteria of the International Obesity Task Force. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for childhood overweight were estimated in a logistic regression. We used generalized estimating equations with an exchangeable correlation matrix, considering the correlation between siblings. Results: We analyzed 364 preschool children. Adjusting for each child's characteristics (age, sex), mother's characteristics (age, obesity, educational attainment, smoking status, and social participation), and family's characteristics (number of siblings), children whose mothers work &lt;8 h/day had a substantially lower risk for being overweight (OR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.93) compared with children of non-working mothers, whereas the relationship was less pronounced among children whose mothers work &gt;= 8 h/day (OR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.19, 2.68). We observed similar patterns in a stratified analysis by the form of maternal employment. Conclusion: Short maternal working hours are associated with a lower odds of early childhood overweight. (J Occup Health 2012; 54: 25-33)

DOI： 10.1539/joh.11-0100-OA

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1539/joh.11-0202-oa

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：WILEY-BLACKWELL  

Yorifuji T, Tanihara S, Inoue S, Takao S, Kawachi I. The role of medicine in the decline of post-War infant mortality in Japan. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 2011; 25: 601-608.
The infant mortality rate (IMR) in Japan declined dramatically in the immediate post-War period (1947-60) in Japan. We compared the time trends in Growth Domestic Product (GDP) in Japan against declines in IMR. We then conducted a prefecture-level ecological analysis of the rate of decline in IMR and post-neonatal mortality from 1947 to 1960, focusing on variations in medical resources and public health strategies. IMR in Japan started to decline after World War II, even before the era of rapid economic growth and the introduction of a universal health insurance system in the 1960s. The mortality rates per 1000 infants in 2009 were 2.38 for IMR, 1.17 for neonatal mortality and 1.21 for post-neonatal mortality. The rate of decline in IMR and preventable IMR (PIMR) during the post-War period was strongly correlated with prefectural variations in medical resources (per capita physicians, nurses, and proportion of in-hospital births). The correlation coefficients comparing the number of physicians in 1955 with the declines in IMR and PIMR from 1947 to 1960 were 0.46 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.19, 0.66] and 0.39 [95% CI 0.11, 0.61], respectively. By contrast, indicators of public health strategies were not associated with IMR decline. The IMR in Japan has been decreasing and seems to be entering a new era characterised by lower neonatal compared with post-neonatal mortality. Furthermore, the post-War history of Japan illustrates that improvement in infant mortality is attributable to the influence of medical care, even in the absence of rapid economic development.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2011.01216.x

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE  

Background: While hypertension is a common and treatable health problem, adherence to antihypertensive medication remains a challenge. This study examines the hypothesis that workplace social capital may influence adherence to antihypertensive medication among hypertensive employees.
Methodology/Principal Findings: We linked survey responses to nationwide pharmacy records for a cohort of 3515 hypertensive employees (mean age 53.9 years, 76% women) who required continuous antihypertensive drug therapy (the Finnish Public Sector study). A standard scale was used to measure workplace social capital from co-workers&apos; assessments and self-reports in 2000-2004. Non-adherence to antihypertensive medication was determined based on the number of days-not-treated at the year following the survey using comprehensive prescription records. Negative binomial regression models were conducted adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics, duration of hypertension, behaviour-related risk factors, and co-morbid conditions. The overall rate of days-not-treated was 20.7 per person-year (78% had no days-not-treated). Higher age, obesity, and presence of somatic co-morbidities were all associated with better adherence, but this was not the case for co-worker-assessed or self-reported workplace social capital. The rate of days-not-treated was 19.7 per person-year in the bottom fourth of co-worker-assessed workplace social capital, compared to 20.4 in the top fourth. The corresponding rate ratio from the fully-adjusted model was 0.95 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.58-1.56). In a subgroup of 907 new users of antihypertensive medication this rate ratio was 0.98 (95% CI 0.42-2.29).
Conclusions/Significance: We found no consistent evidence to support the hypothesized effect of workplace social capital on adherence to drug therapy among employees with chronic hypertension.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0024732

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

Evidence linking air pollution with adverse cardiopulmonary outcomes is accumulating. However, few studies have been conducted to evaluate whether vehicle emission control improves public health. We thus evaluated the effect of a diesel emission control law on mortality rates in 23 wards of Tokyo metropolitan area, Japan. We obtained daily counts of mortality and concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter less than 2.5 mu m in diameter (PM2.5) from April 2003 to December 2008. Time-series and interrupted time-series analysis were employed to analyze the data in two periods: prior to the introduction of tighter restrictions (April 2003 to March 2006) and after the enforcement (April 2006 to December 2008). Concentrations of air pollutants gradually decreased during the study period: from 36.3 ppb (NO2) and 22.8 mu g/m(3) (PM2.5) to 32.1 ppb and 20.3 mu g/m(3), respectively. Air pollutants were positively associated with circulatory and pulmonary disease mortality, especially cerebrovascular disease. Each same-day PM2.5 increase of 10 mu g/m(3) was associated with a 1.3% increase in cerebrovascular mortality rate (95% confidence interval: 0.2-2.4). Rate ratios were attenuated after the enforcement in most of the outcomes, probably due to reduced toxicity of the pollutants. In the crude interrupted time-series analysis, reductions of standardized mortality rates after the enforcement were the greatest in high traffic areas. Even after adjustment of longer-time trend, mortality rate from cerebrovascular disease was reduced by 8.50% (p<.001) with dose-response relationship. However, the declines in other cause-specific mortality became equivocal. This natural experiment in Tokyo suggests that emission controls improved air quality. Although suggestive, further data are needed to conclusively demonstrate an impact on mortality rates. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.06.002

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：B M J PUBLISHING GROUP  

Background The slow progress of tobacco control policy in Japan reflects the tension among the interests of the Finance Ministry (which remains the majority shareholder of Japan Tobacco, Inc), the Health Ministry, tobacco growers and consumers.
Methods We sought to examine regional disparities in compliance with national tobacco control legislation (the 2003 Health Promotion Law). Specifically, we sought to examine whether prefecture-level compliance with legislation was correlated with decreases in smoking prevalence, and decreases in lung cancer mortality rates. We also examined whether prefectural involvement in growing tobacco was associated with lower compliance with the law.
Results From 2001 to 2007, higher prefectural compliance with tobacco control laws was associated with decreased prevalence of smoking. Decreased tobacco consumption was in turn associated with declining lung cancer mortality. Prefectures involved in growing tobacco exhibited lower levels of compliance with national tobacco control laws. The same prefectures also exhibited the worst improvement in smoking prevalence.
Conclusions This study in Japan suggests that tobacco control policies are being unevenly implemented across prefectures, and that measures to counteract the influence of local tobacco culture are required to reduce the disparities in regional tobacco control outcomes in that country.

DOI： 10.1136/tc.2010.041442

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC  

Objectives. We examined the association between workplace social capital and all-cause mortality in a large occupational cohort from Finland.
Methods. We linked responses of 28043 participants to surveys in 2000 to 2002 and in 2004 to national mortality registers through 2009. We used repeated measurements of self- and coworker-assessed social capital. We carried out Cox proportional hazard and fixed-effects logistic regressions.
Results. During the 5-year follow-up, 196 employees died. A 1-unit increase in the mean of repeat measurements of self-assessed workplace social capital (range 1-5) was associated with a 19% decrease in the risk of all-cause mortality (age- and gender-adjusted hazard ratio [HR]=0.81; 95% confidence interval [CI) =0.66, 0.99). The corresponding point estimate for the mean of coworker-assessed social capital was similar, although the association was less precisely estimated (age- and gender-adjusted HR=0.77; 95% CI=0.50, 1.20). In fixed-effects analysis, a 1-unit increase in self-assessed social capital across the 2 time points was associated with a lower mortality risk (odds ratio=0.81; 95% CI=0.55, 1.19).
Conclusions. Workplace social capital appears to be associated with lowered mortality in the working-aged population. (Am J Public Health. 2011;101: 1742-1748. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300166)

DOI： 10.2105/AJPH.2011.300166

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

Introduction: It is well-known that prenatal or postnatal exposure to methylmercury can produce neurological signs in adults and children, exemplified by a case of large-scale poisoning in Minamata, Japan, in the 1950s. However, evidence regarding whether pre- or postnatal exposure to methylmercury causes psychiatric symptoms (e.g., impairment of intelligence and mood and behavioral dysfunction) is still limited-excluding cases of fetal Minamata disease patients.
Methods: We evaluated the effects of pre- or postnatal exposure to methylmercury on psychiatric symptoms using data derived from a 1971 population-based survey in Minamata and neighboring communities. We adopted residential areas as an exposure indicator and psychiatric symptoms as the outcome. Then, we estimated the adjusted prevalence odds ratio (POR) and confidence interval (Cl) of psychiatric symptoms in relation to residential area.
Results: There were 904 participants in Minamata (high exposure area), 1700 in Goshonoura (middle exposure area), and 913 in Ariake (low exposure area). Compared to the Ariake area, participants in the Minamata area manifested psychiatric symptoms more frequently: PORs for impairment of intelligence and mood and behavioral dysfunction were 5.2 (95% Cl: 3.7-7.3) and 4.4 (95% Cl: 2.9-6.7), respectively. Furthermore, participants with psychiatric symptoms in the Minamata area more frequently had neurological signs. Peaks in prevalence of psychiatric symptoms occurred around age 20 and in older age adults in the area. These findings did not change when we excluded those who had been officially certified as Minamata disease patients by that time.
Conclusions: The present study suggests a relationship between pre- or postnatal exposure to methylmercury and psychiatric symptoms among the general population in Minamata even after excluding officially certified patients. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.envint.2011.03.008

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS  

Background: Preterm births cause a large public-health burden, and air pollution is considered to be a potential risk factor. We evaluated the association between proximity to major roads (as an index for air pollution) and preterm births, classified by gestational age and specific clinical manifestations.Methods: Data on parental information and birth outcomes were extracted from the database maintained by the perinatal hospital in Shizuoka, Japan. We restricted the analysis to mothers who delivered liveborn single births from 1997 to 2008 (n = 14,226). Using the geocoded residential information, each birth was classified on its proximity to major roads. We estimated the multivariate-adjusted odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association of proximity to major roads with preterm births, using logistic regression.Results: We found positive associations between proximity to major roads and preterm births at all gestational ages. Living within 200 m increased the risk of births before 37 weeks by 1.5 times (95% CI = 1.2-1.8), birth before 32 weeks by 1.6 times (1.1-2.4), and births before 28 weeks by 1.8 times (1.0-3.2). Proximity specifically increased the risk of preterm births with preterm premature rupture of the membranes and with pregnancy hypertension.Conclusions: This study demonstrates that exposure to traffic-related air pollution increases even the risk of preterm births of less than 30 weeks' gestational age and proposes a possible mechanism.

DOI： 10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181fe759f

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.18926/AMO/45268

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.envres.2009.10.011

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DOI： 10.1186/1471-2458-10-489

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DOI： 10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.01.014

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DOI： 10.1016/j.annepidem.2009.06.003

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DOI： 10.1016/j.ypmed.2009.06.016

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：OKAYAMA UNIV MED SCHOOL  

To investigate the effect of exclusive breastfeeding on the likelihood of Japanese preschool children being overweight, population-based cross-sectional survey data from M town in Japan were used. Using the population registry of this town, all 616 preschool children were identified, and a self-administered questionnaire was sent to their parents. The exposure variable of interest was exclusive breastfeeding from. birth to 6 months, and the outcome variable of interest was the children being overweight at preschool age. Statistical analyses used included logistic regression and sensitivity analyses. In the final analyses, we included 448 preschool children. Although all point estimates indicated a protective effect, logistic regression analyses showed no significant reduction in being overweight due to exclusive breastfeeding in the unadjusted model (odds ratio (OR)= 0.70, 95% confidence intervals: 0.30-1.64), the model adjusted for birth weight (OR = 0.70, 95% CI: 030-1.63), the model adjusted for child lifestyle (OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.30-1.67), or the model adjusted for parental factors (OR=0.46, 95% CI: 0.15-1.37). In sensitivity analyses, point estimates were not significant, but a protective effect was observed. In conclusion, our results suggest that breastfeeding might have a protective effect on Japanese preschool children against being overweight, although statistical significance was not observed due to the limitation of the statistical power of the findings.

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1097/EDE.0b013e318190e73f

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1097/01.ede.0000340088.39958.8b

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

In order to know utilization, needs, and related factors for e-learning and its application to education and training in occupational safety and health (OSH) among enterprises in Japan, a questionnaire survey was conducted of enterprises randomly selected from those with 1,000 or more employees and those with 999 or less (500 for each). Data from 134 (56 and 78, respectively) enterprises were analyzed (response rate, 13%). Among total enterprises, 19% had introduced and 16% planned to introduce e-learning. However, only 7% of larger enterprises and less than 3% of smaller enterprises used e-learning for education and training in OSH. On the other hand, 80-90% of enterprises responded positively to considering the use of e-learning for education and training on various OSH topics for various users. Highly rated merits of e-learning were "can use whenever", "can use anywhere"; and its highly rated obstacles were "cost", "individual PC not available", "insufficient information on efficacy". However, the merit "can monitor training" was significantly associated with the use/plan of e-learning. "Good contents not available" was more frequent among enterprises which used/planned e-learning. The study indicated a greater need for e-learning based OSH education and training, despite a currently low rate of its use. Improvement of e-learning platforms and contents, reduction of cost, and improvement of e-learning infrastructure at work may be needed to facilitate the use of e-learning in OSH.

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本産業衛生学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本産業衛生学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本産業衛生学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本産業衛生学会  

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総ページ数：viii, 455p   記述言語：日本語

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総ページ数：x, 349 p.   記述言語：英語

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総ページ数：175p  

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総ページ数：217p   記述言語：日本語

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総ページ数：ix, 195p   記述言語：日本語

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(株)保健文化社  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(株)保健文化社  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(株)保健文化社  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(株)保健文化社  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(株)保健文化社  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(株)保健文化社  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(株)保健文化社  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本精神神経学会  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本産業衛生学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本産業衛生学会  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本産業衛生学会  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本産業衛生学会  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本産業衛生学会  

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Taylor and Francis Ltd  

Objective: To clarify how the pure-tone threshold (PTT) on the PTA predicts speech perception (SP) in elderly Japanese persons. Methods: Data on PTT and SP were cross-sectionally analyzed in Japanese persons (656 ears in 353 patients, aged ≥65 years). Correlations of SP and average PTT in all tested frequencies were evaluated by Pearson’s correlation coefficient and simple linear regression. After adjusting for sex, laterality of ears, and age, the relationship of average and frequency-specific PTT with impaired SP ≤50% was estimated by logistic regression models. Results: SP correlated well (r = −0.699) with the average PTT of all tested frequencies. On the other hand, the correlation between patient age and SP was weak, especially among ≤85-year-old persons (r = −0.092). Linear regression showed that the average PTT corresponding to SP of 50% was 76.4 dB nHL. Odds ratios for impaired SP were highest for PTT at 2000 Hz. Odds ratios were higher for middle (500, 1000, 2000 Hz) and high frequencies (4000, 8000 Hz) than low frequencies (125, 250 Hz). Conclusion: The PTT on the pure-tone audiogram (PTA) is a good predictor of SP by speech audiometry among older persons, which could provide clinically important information for hearing aid fitting and cochlear implantation.

DOI： 10.1080/00016489.2017.1378435

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：WILEY  

Background: Most studies that examined risk factors for wound complications after head and neck reconstruction analyzed various complications collectively. Moreover, they included a wide variety of resection areas and reconstruction materials. To overcome these limitations, both the resection area and reconstruction method were constrained in the present study.
Methods: Patients who underwent free jejunal graft reconstruction after pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy for hypopharyngeal cancer were enrolled. The outcomes of interest were abscesses, fistulas, and cervical skin flap necrosis.
Results: Abscesses, fistulas, and cervical skin flap necrosis developed in 19.3%, 11.3%, and 8.2% of 773 patients, respectively. A significant relationship was found between use of an open drain and abscess formation and between a longer operation time and cervical skin flap necrosis.
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that use of an open drain, cardiovascular disease, and a longer operation time are significant risk factors for abscess formation, fistula formation, and cervical skin flap necrosis, respectively.

DOI： 10.1002/hed.24874

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本産業衛生学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本産業衛生学会  

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC  

Objective: Social capital, the collective resources of groups including perceptions of trust and reciprocity, is recognized as an important contributor to suicide. We examined the association of individual-and community-level social capital with suicidal ideation after adjusting for social support among older adults living in the community. Methods: In August 2010 we sent questionnaires to all residents aged 65 years and older living in 3 rural municipalities (N = 21,232) in Okayama Prefecture, Japan; 13,919 questionnaires were returned (response rate: 65.6%). The final analysis included 10,094 participants. The outcome variable was suicidal ideation. Exposure variables were individual-level mistrust and lack of reciprocity (level 1), and the aggregated responses of these variables from 35 communities in the municipalities (level 2). Covariates included age, sex, educational attainment, marital status, the number of cohabitants, years of residence, self-rated socioeconomic status, disability, social support, and psychological distress. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was performed to obtain odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: After adjusting for social support and psychological distress, we found that mistrust and lack of reciprocity were only associated with suicidal ideation at the individual level. Stratified analysis showed that among subjects with psychological distress, mistrust was associated with suicidal ideation at individual (OR: 1.88; 95% CI: 1.42-2.51) and community levels (OR: 1.98; 95% CI: 1.02-3.81). Conclusions: Our findings show that individual-and community-level social capital is a possible protective factor for suicidal ideation, particularly for people with psychological distress.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jagp.2016.10.014

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：KARGER  

Objective: We aimed to determine the distribution of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the development of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and to elucidate the role of TAMs in the progression of tongue SCC. Methods: The expression of the macrophage markers nitric oxide synthase, Retnla, and mannose receptor 1 in the development of tongue SCC was longitudinally observed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Additionally, an immunohistochemical study using an anti-mannose receptor (MR) antibody was performed. Results: The numbers of both of M1 and M2 macrophages in the tongues of mice treated with 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) were significantly lower compared with those of normal tongues. The cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor did not prevent cancer progression and did not affect the total number of macrophages in the tongues of 4NQO-treated mice. In the immunohistochemical studies, MR staining was observed in lymphangio-endothelium in the subepithelial area of the tongues. The staining intensity of the MR was significantly stronger in the 4NQO-treated mice compared with that in control mice and 4NQO-treated mice treated with the COX-2 inhibitor. Conclusion: TAMs may not contribute to the development of 4NQO-induced tongue SCC. MR expression is associated with the progression of 4NQO-induced tongue SCC. (C) 2017 S. Karger AG, Basel

DOI： 10.1159/000477301

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掲載種別：速報，短報，研究ノート等（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.3950/jibiinkoka.120.772

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCI LTD  

Objective: Since most patients with peritonsillar abscess (PTA) can be successfully treated with surgical drainage and empirical antibiotic therapy, routine bacteriologic studies for all patients with PTA may be unnecessary. This study tried to evaluate which patients with PTA should certainly undergo bacteriologic studies.
Methods: Hundred consecutive patients with PTA were treated and underwent culture tests of purulent contents obtained by surgical drainage between April 2008 and December 2013.
Results: In 62 of the 100 patients, 71 pathogenic bacteria were identified; 61 (86%) were Gram-positive cocci (GPC), 8 (11%) were Gram-negative rods (GNR), and 6 (8%) were anaerobes. Normal flora were isolated in 27 patients, and culture results were negative in 11 patients. Although not significant, primary (without prior antibiotic therapy) case (odds ratio (OR) = 2.19; 95% CI, 0.95-5.05) and laryngeal edema (OR = 2.04; 95% CI, 0.82-5.03) showed a tendency of associations with detection of pathogenic bacteria. After taking into account interactions between smoking habit and laryngeal edema, the covariate-adjusted OR for non-smokers with laryngeal edema was significant and showed a strong relationship (OR = 7.43; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-52.73) compared to non-smokers without laryngeal edema.
Conclusion: Although empirical antibiotic therapy was effective for most of the PTA patients, bacteriologic studies might be indispensable for the patients with laryngeal edema considering the failure of the first treatments. Particularly, the culture tests may be useful for non-smokers with laryngeal edema. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.anl.2016.01.009

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER  

The objective of this study was to observe the distribution of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the development of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and to determine the role of Tregs in the progression of tongue SCC. A mouse model of 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO)-induced-tongue SCC was established. The expression of Forkhead box P3 (Foxp3), interleukin 10, transforming growth factor-beta, chemokine CC motif ligands 17, 20, and CC chemokine receptor 4 was determined using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Foxp3 expression was also analyzed using immunohistochemistry. The results were compared with those of control mice and of 4NQO-treated mice treated with a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. Well to moderately differentiated tongue SCC was induced in all of the experimental mice. The amount of Tregs of the experimental mice was over 10 times as much as control mice at the early stage of tumor progression. COX-2 inhibitor did not prevent the progression of tongue SCC and did not reduce the total amount of Tregs. Tregs function at the early stage of the development of tongue SCC, and it may be effective to suppress Tregs at the early stage of tumor progression for the treatment and/or prevention of tongue SCC.

DOI： 10.1007/s00262-016-1902-x

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP  

Many patients with schizophrenia have poor clinical and social outcomes. Some risk alleles closely related to the onset of schizophrenia have been reported to be associated with their clinical phenotypes, but the direct relationship between genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia and clinical/social outcomes of schizophrenia, as evaluated by both practical clinical scales and 'real-world' function, has not been investigated. We evaluated the clinical and social outcomes of 455 Japanese patients with schizophrenia by severity of illness according to the Clinical Global Impression-Severity Scale (CGI-S) and social outcomes by social adjustment/maladjustment at 5 years after the first visit. We examined whether 46 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) selected from a Japanese genome-wide association study of susceptibility to schizophrenia were associated with clinical and social outcomes. We also investigated the polygenic risk scores of 46 SNPs. Allele-wise association analysis detected three SNPs, including rs2623659 in the CUB and Sushi multiple domains-1 (CSMD1) gene, associated with severity of illness at end point. The severity of illness at end point was associated with treatment response, but not with the severity of illness at baseline. Three SNPs, including rs2294424 in the C6orf105 gene, were associated with social outcomes. Point estimates of odds ratios showed positive relationships between polygenic risk scores and clinical/social outcomes; however, the results were not statistically significant. Because these results are exploratory, we need to replicate them with a larger sample in a future study.

DOI： 10.1038/jhg.2015.153

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本産業衛生学会  

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER HEIDELBERG  

DOI： 10.1007/s00127-014-0967-0

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：WILEY  

BACKGROUND: In industrializing countries, occupational safety and health have been affected by globalization. However, a lack of reliable data prevents evaluation of this situation. Therefore, we examined industrial distributions and risks of severe occupational injuries among workers in Thailand, which is one of the few industrializing countries that compiles nationwide data. METHODS: Data on workers who made claims for occupational injuries from 2007 to 2009 were extracted from the Workmen's Compensation Fund records in Thailand. Among 501,334 claimants, we evaluated the industrial distributions of severe occupational injuries (i.e., permanent disability and death). We then examined the associations between industry and those injuries, using proportionate ratios (PRs) between each industrial category and the overall distribution of occupational injuries. RESULTS: The number of workers in manufacturing making claims for severe occupational injuries was the largest among all industrial categories (319,114/501,334 injuries), although the total number of occupational injuries recently declined. Additionally, workers in manufacturing experienced severe occupational injuries more often compared with the overall distribution of occupational injuries. The PRs (95% confidence interval) for manufacturing were 1.17 (1.14-1.20) in men and 1.33 (1.27-1.38) in women. After adjusting for individual characteristics, the results did not substantially change. CONCLUSIONS: Manufacturing seems to have the largest burden of occupational injuries in industrializing countries like Thailand.

DOI： 10.1539/joh.13-0085-FS

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DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0077918

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DOI： 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301311

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本産業衛生学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本産業衛生学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本産業衛生学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(株)保健文化社  

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DOI： 10.1136/jech.2010.115592

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DOI： 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2011.00642.x

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(株)保健文化社  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本産業衛生学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本産業衛生学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本産業衛生学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本産業衛生学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本産業衛生学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本産業衛生学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本産業衛生学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本産業衛生学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本産業衛生学会  

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記述言語：英語  

DOI： 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.12.033

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記述言語：英語  

DOI： 10.1136/oem.2008.045542

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記述言語：英語  

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0012135

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本公衆衛生学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本公衆衛生学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本産業衛生学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本産業衛生学会  

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：PALGRAVE MACMILLAN LTD  

We present the history of Minamata disease in a chronological order from the public health point of view. Because the appropriate public health response - to investigate and control the outbreak - as set out in the Food Sanitation Act was not conducted, no one knew how many became ill following the outbreak. Exposure could not be stopped. In our discussion, we offer two reasons as to why the Japanese public health agencies did not apply the Act: social circumstances in the 1950s and 1960s that placed emphasis on industrial development, and the Japanese medical community's lack of knowledge about the Act. The history of Minamata disease shows us the consequences when public health responses are not implemented. Minamata disease should be an invaluable lesson for future public health responses.

DOI： 10.1057/jphp.2008.30

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DOI： 10.1136/jech.2008.082453

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：書評論文，書評，文献紹介等   出版者・発行元：OKAYAMA UNIV MED SCHOOL  

We discuss the concept of social capital, which has received much attention recently. Social capital is important for the following 2 key reasons: (1) a highly democratic polity and a strong economic performance that attaches great importance to the public good can be achieved on the basis of high social capital; and (2) social capital can effect health status in the human population, and widening of income inequality harms human health through the erosion of social capital. In addition, there are 3 political implications of social capital for Japanese society: (1) social capital has implications for the political decision of whether Japanese society should adopt a "medium burden for medium welfare" or a "low burden for small welfare" model together with the concept of social overhead capital; (2) reciprocity, which is one of the primary components of social capital, is similar to the philosophy underlying the health care system of Japan; (3) Japanese society needs to change from a society that emphasizes the relationships between its members to a society that is open to outsiders and has sufficient opportunities.

DOI： 10.18926/AMO/30971

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本公衆衛生学会  

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記述言語：英語  

DOI： 10.1097/EDE.0b013e31815c09d2

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：JAPAN SOC OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH  

Supervisors at work play a large role in stress management at the workplace. Providing supervisors with necessary information and useful skills might be one effective approach that will lead to stress reduction. However, very few studies have investigated the effect of supervisor education by using a rigorous study design. In a randomized controlled trial, we tried to clarify how an education program for stress reduction influences supervisor knowledge, attitudes, and behavior concerning stress management. The subjects were 46 supervisors of an old, established sake brewery manufacturer of 301 employees. The supervisors were assigned to either the intervention group (24 supervisors) or the control group (22 supervisors). We conducted a single-session education program that included the guidelines for worker mental health promotion to the intervention group. The education program was composed of a basic education lecture and active listening training. The effects of this program on supervisor knowledge, attitudes, and behavior were measured using an original, self-administered questionnaire. The intervention effect was tested by examining an interaction effect between groups and time (before education, three and six months after education). The education favorably affected supervisor knowledge (F=7.92; p=.001). As for behavior, the intervention effect was marginally statistically significant (F=2.51; p=.088). For the attitude score, however, there were no beneficial effects. In conclusion, the provision of necessary information and useful skills to supervisors seems to improve supervisor knowledge and behavior regarding stress management at the workplace for at least six months.

DOI： 10.1539/joh.49.190

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記述言語：英語  

DOI： 10.1539/joh.49.81

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DOI： 10.18918/jshms.18.2_29

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記述言語：英語  

As job stress is now one of the biggest health-related problems in the workplace, several education programs for supervisors have been conducted to reduce job stress. We conducted a supervisor-based randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effects of an education program on their subordinates' psychological distress and job performance. The subjects were 301 employees (46 supervisors and 255 subordinates) in a Japanese sake brewery. First, we randomly allocated supervisors to the education group (24 supervisors) and the waiting-list group (22 supervisors). Then, for the allocated supervisors we introduced a single-session, 60-min education program according to the guidelines for employee mental health promotion along with training that provided consulting skills combined with role-playing exercises. We conducted pre- and post-intervention (after 3 months) surveys for all subordinates to examine psychological distress and job performance. We defined the intervention group as those subordinates whose immediate supervisors received the education, and the control group was defined as those subordinates whose supervisors did not. To evaluate the effects, we employed a repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Overall, the intervention effects (time x group) were not significant for psychological distress or job performance among both male (p=0.456 and 0.252) and female (p=0.714 and 0.106) subordinates. However, young male subordinates engaged in white-collar occupations showed significant intervention effects for psychological distress (p=0.012) and job performance (p=0.029). In conclusion, our study indicated a possible beneficial effect of supervisor education on the psychological distress and job performance of subordinates. This effect may vary according to specific groups.

DOI： 10.1539/joh.48.494

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本産業衛生学会  

わが国の企業におけるeラーニングとこれによる労働安全衛生教育の利用状況、ニーズおよびその促進・阻害要因を明らかにするために、従業員1,000人以上と同999人以下の企業それぞれから500社を抽出し、質問票による調査を実施し、有効回答した合計134社(回答率13%、企業規模それぞれ56社、78社)のデータを分析した。全体で19%の企業がeラーニングを導入済み、さらに16%の企業が導入を検討中であった。しかしeラーニングによる労働安全衛生教育の実施は従業員1,000人以上の企業でも7%、999人以下の企業では3%未満と低かった。一方eラーニングによる労働安全衛生教育についてはどの対象者、コンテンツでも8〜9割の企業が受講させることを考えると回答していた。eラーニングの利点としては「いつでも受講できる」、「どこからでも受講できる」が、導入の問題点としては「コスト」、「パソコンが1人に1台ずつない」、「学習効果が不明確」であった。しかしeラーニングの導入済みあるいは検討中には、「受講状況が把握できる」が有意な関連を示した。「優良なコンテンツが得られない」という問題点は、eラーニング導入済み・検討中の企業に多かった。eラーニングによる労働安全衛生教育はまだ導入している企業は少ないが、そのニーズは高い。eラーニングおよびこれによる労働安全衛生教育の推進のために、eラーニングのシステムおよびコンテンツの改善、導入コストの低減、企業のeラーニング導入インフラの改善が必要と考えた。(著者抄録)

DOI： 10.1539/sangyoeisei.48.183

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：速報，短報，研究ノート等（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：JAPAN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASSOC  

DOI： 10.2188/jea.16.90

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：JAPAN SOC OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH  

Using workplaces as a unit for randomization, a randomized controlled trial was conducted to determine the effects of web-based supervisor training on the subject of worksite mental health on job stressors, supervisor support and psychological distress among subordinate workers. A total of eight workplaces of a sales and service company were randomly assigned to either training workplaces or non-training workplaces. Supervisors (n=23) at the training workplaces participated in web-based self-learning training on worksite mental health; supervisors (n=23) at the nontraining workplaces did not. A total of 81 subordinate workers under the trained supervisors (the intervention group) and 108 subordinate workers under the nontrained supervisors (the control group) completed the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire (BJSQ) at baseline and at a three-month follow-up. No significant intervention effect was observed for any scale of the BJSQ measuring job stressors, supervisor or coworker support, or psychological distress among subordinate workers (p &gt; 0.05). The item score of work autonomy changed very little in the intervention group, while it decreased in the control group during the follow-up period, yielding a significant intervention effect (p=0.02). The item score for a friendly atmosphere in the workplace increased in the intervention group, while the score remained stable in the control group, yielding a significant intervention effect (p=0.02). While the present study failed to show any clear effect of the webbased training of supervisors on reduction of job stressors, it may be useful for maintaining worker autonomy and improving the friendliness of the worksite atmosphere.

DOI： 10.1539/joh.48.28

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本産業ストレス学会  

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE  

Background. A randomized controlled trial was conducted to determine the effects of web-based supervisor training on worksite mental health on supervisor support and psychological distress among subordinate workers.
Methods. Section chiefs in a computer engineering company were randomly assigned to either a training group (n = 9) or a non-training group (n = 7). The section chiefs in the training group participated in web-based self-learning training on worksite mental health. A total of 92 subordinate workers under the trained section chiefs (the intervention group) and 84 subordinate workers under the untrained section chiefs (the control group) completed a questionnaire at baseline and a 3-month follow-up.
Results. The score of supervisor support greatly decreased in the control group during the follow-up period, and the score changed very little in the intervention group, with a significant intervention effect (P = 0.032). This pattern was more pronounced for one particular item dealing with the extent to which a supervisor listens to personal problems of subordinate workers (the intervention effect, P = 0.012). No intervention effect was observed for the score measuring co-worker support, psychological distress, or other job stressors among subordinate workers (P &gt; 0.05).
Conclusions. It is suggested that the web-based training of supervisors on worksite mental health is useful in improving, or at least maintaining, supervisor support among subordinate workers. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ypmed.2005.01.001

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：JAPAN SOC OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH  

Single-session supervisory education was developed in conjunction with the Japanese national guidelines for the promotion of employee mental health. Totally 267 voluntary supervisors in a prefectural office were presented with comprehensive information on the role they had to fulfill to promote mental health in the workplace. Totally 864 office employees (53%) were evaluated to determine whether education had had an effect on their psychological distress and job performance. The findings from the departments in which more than one-third of the supervisors had attended education were compared to those from the departments in which no more than one-third of the supervisors had attended education. Three months after the education, the levels of psychological distress and, to a lesser extent, self-reported job performance improved among employees in the departments in which at least one-third of the supervisors attended the education compared to those from departments with lower attendance rates of the supervisors. For the psychological outcome, the positive educational effect was supported by statistically significant interaction terms between time and department category with adjustment for the confounders. Favorable changes were noted among supervisors who received the education in knowledge, attitude, and behavior regarding mental health practices. The behavioral changes were related to decreasing workplace problems and referral of employees to the liaison off ice and associated medical institutions. Despite several limitations, the findings suggest that providing supervisors with appropriate information has a positive effect on employee psychological well-being.

DOI： 10.1539/joh.47.226

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人日本産業衛生学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人日本産業衛生学会  

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：OKAYAMA UNIV MED SCHOOL  

On February 13, 2002, a public health center in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan, was notified that many individuals living at the Japan Maritime Self-Defence Force base had symptoms resembling those of food poisoning. Self-administered questionnaires requesting information regarding meal consumption and symptoms were distributed to all 281 members at the base. A case of the illness was defined as a member who had had watery or mucousy stool, or loose stool with abdominal cramps, more than twice a day after consuming dinner on February 12. Control of the illness was defined as a member with no symptoms. The dinner on February 12 was significantly associated with the illness (Mantel-Haenszel odds ratio: 3.59, 95% confidence interval: 1.06-12.20). A case-control study showed that, among the food supplied at dinner on February 12, the braised chop suey was significantly associated with the illness (odds ratio: 12.30, 95% confidence interval: 1.90-521.00). The braised chop suey had been stored in a chafing dish. An environmental investigation indicated that Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) in the chafing dish proliferated under an inappropriate heat-retention temperature, and the contaminated braised chop suey could have caused the food poisoning. This study demonstrated that the recommended heat-retention temperature (over 65 degreesC) should be confirmed thoroughly.

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記述言語：日本語  

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記述言語：日本語  

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記述言語：英語  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本産業衛生学会  

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

We examined the distribution of physical activity among different occupations in Japan. A questionnaire was sent to full-time employees at nine companies in Japan between 1996 and 1998, with an average response rate of 85.2%. Data from 20,654 respondents (17,637 male and 3017 female) were analyzed. We classified the occupations into eight groups according to the International Standard Classification of Occupations (1988). Daily energy expenditure, weekly physical activity, and monthly leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) were measured using a physical activity questionnaire and some additional questions. In males, LTPA was significantly different among occupations, with clerks having greater physical activity than managers and blue-collar workers (P&lt;0.001). The pattern was similar even after adjusting for education, age, and working hours. In females, the difference among occupations was not clear. The distribution of LTPA among occupations exhibits a "barrel-shape" in Japan. It was higher for intermediate class occupations such as clerks, which was in agreement with a lower coronary heart disease mortality observed in intermediate class occupations among Japanese male employees. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/S0277-9536(03)00134-5

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記述言語：日本語  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語  

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記述言語：日本語  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人日本産業衛生学会  

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J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語  

CiNii Article

CiNii Books

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