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Background Liver fibrosis is an important medical issue increasing over time in developed countries. Aims/objectives This study aimed to investigate whether liver fibrosis, as indicated by routine blood test parameters, influences the risk and severity of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL). Material and methods Sixty-six patients with ISSNHL and 198 patients with benign parotid gland tumors (BPTs) (controls) were enrolled. Indices for liver fibrosis (Liver Fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4 index) and aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI)) were calculated from the blood laboratory data. The pure tone average (PTA) was calculated as the mean of hearing levels at the six frequencies at the onset of ISSNHL. Severe hearing loss was defined as PTA≥60 decibels Hearing Level (dB HL). Results In risk evaluation, the FIB-4 index did not differ significantly between ISSNHL patients and controls. Regarding the severity of ISSNHL, the FIB-4 index was significantly higher in ISSNHL patients with severe hearing loss than in those with PTA<60 dB HL (P<0.05) on univariate comparison. After adjusting for age, sex, and indices of inflammation, both the FIB-4 index and APRI showed a significant association with severe hearing loss (odds ratio (OR): 5.9, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3-25.7, and OR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.1-4.7). Conclusions and significance Higher liver fibrosis indices (FIB-4 index and APRI), derived from routine blood laboratory data, are associated with a more severe phenotype of ISSNHL.

DOI： 10.7759/cureus.89864

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BACKGROUND: Advances in new drugs have been associated with improvements in the prognoses of individuals with stage IV renal carcinoma. We aimed to retrospectively evaluate the prognostic improvement of stage IV renal cancer over time using the Okayama Cancer Registry database, which is included in the National Cancer Registry (NCR) of Japan. METHODS: Patients identified in the database with stage IV renal cancer were included. Survival prognosis was analyzed by three periods according to significant advancements in novel therapeutic agents: early (up to March 2008), mid (April 2008-July 2016), and late (August 2016 onward). Overall survival (OS) was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox proportional hazards models. Stratified Cox models were used to account for proportional hazards violations. Subgroup analyses included stratification by surgery status and disease extent (T4 vs. M1). RESULTS: In total, 1,182 patients were included in the study. The OS outcomes significantly improved across each period [early: reference; mid: hazard ratio (HR) =0.68, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.59-0.78; late: HR =0.54, 95% CI: 0.41-0.69]. Subgroup analyses revealed that patients who had undergone initial surgery showed improved prognosis (early: reference; mid: HR =0.44, 95% CI: 0.29-0.69; late: HR =0.30, 95% CI: 0.16-0.56), whereas those receiving no initial surgery did not (early: no case available; mid: reference; late: HR =0.99, 95% CI: 0.64-1.53). Stratified Cox analysis identified age ≥70 years (HR =1.69, 95% CI: 1.47-1.95) and M1 disease (HR =2.95, 95% CI: 2.47-3.52) as independent predictors of worse survival. Significant improvement over time was observed among patients with T4 disease (early: reference; mid: HR =0.59, 95% CI: 0.42-0.82; late: HR =0.47, 95% CI: 0.27-0.81), patients, whereas no improvement was seen in those with M1 disease. CONCLUSIONS: Prognosis of patients with stage IV renal cancer has improved over time, particularly among patients with locally advanced disease and those who undergo surgery. Therefore, therapeutic advances may have greater real-world impact on patients with resectable disease than on those with metastatic disease.

DOI： 10.21037/tau-2025-163

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Background  The challenges to workers' mental health in rapidly changing modern work environments have highlighted the crucial role of workplace social capital (WSC). However, a comprehensive examination of how its structural dimensions (bonding, bridging, linking) relate to depressive symptoms, particularly among Japanese workers and within specific occupational settings such as research institutions, is insufficient. While previous studies have explored WSC, few have rigorously differentiated these three dimensions and their independent associations with mental health outcomes, especially in the Japanese context, where unique work culture dynamics may play a role. Objective This study aimed to cross-sectionally evaluate the association between each structural dimension of WSC (bonding, bridging, linking) and depressive symptoms among workers in research institutions and related organizations in Japan. Methods  A cross-sectional web-based survey (Tsukuba Salutogenic Occupational Cohort Study: T-SOCS) was conducted in 2022, targeting 21,875 workers in institutions located in Tsukuba Science City. A total of 3861 responses were received (response rate: 17.7%), and data from 3145 valid responses with complete data were analyzed. WSC was assessed using the Japanese version of an eight-item scale to calculate the bonding, bridging, and linking scores. Depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Japanese version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), with a score ≥ 5 defined as "having depressive symptoms." Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between each WSC dimension and depressive symptoms, adjusting for personal attributes (biological sex, age, marital status, and caregiving/child presence) and occupational characteristics (employment type, job type, managerial position, and flextime availability). Results  Of the participants, 47.2% were identified as having depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥ 5). After adjustment for personal and occupational factors, higher bonding WSC scores were significantly associated with lower odds of having depressive symptoms (odds ratio (OR) = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.81-0.97; p = 0.01). Similarly, higher bridging WSC scores were significantly associated with lower odds of having depressive symptoms (OR = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.81-0.99; p = 0.03). In contrast, linking WSC score showed no significant association with depressive symptoms (OR = 0.95; 95% CI: 0.89-1.01; p = 0.11). Being female, providing care, and working in administrative roles were also associated with increased odds of depressive symptoms. Conclusion In this sample of Japanese research institution workers, higher levels of horizontal WSC (bonding and bridging) were associated with fewer depressive symptoms, whereas vertical WSC (linking) was not. These findings underscore the importance of fostering horizontal SC for workers' mental health. However, the study's cross-sectional design, low response rate, and specific population limit the generalizability of our findings and preclude causal inference. Future research should employ longitudinal designs to establish causality, expand to diverse occupational groups, and explore the cultural nuances and potential mediating factors that could inform more targeted interventions.

DOI： 10.7759/cureus.85945

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Editorial Committee of Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Infectious Dis  

Evidence regarding the types of masks that are effective in preventing infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is limited. We identified the mask types that were effective against SARS-CoV-2 infection in a cluster setting in Japan. Data from a cluster of employees with coronavirus disease 2019 at a manufacturing company in mid-August 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 87 employees who reported the type of mask worn were included. The types of masks were dichotomized into non-woven masks or other types of masks, such as cloth or urethane masks. The association between mask type and SARS-CoV-2 infection was determined using logistic regression analysis after adjusting for potential confounders. Participants who wore non-woven masks were less likely to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 (9.7%) than those who wore other types of masks (26.7%). After adjusting for potential confounders, wearing a non-woven mask was significantly associated with a reduced risk of infection compared to wearing other types of masks (odds ratio, 0.10; 95% confidence interval, 0.01-0.80). Non-woven masks were more effective in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection in a cluster setting than other types of masks, such as cloth or urethane masks.

DOI： 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2023.059

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INTRODUCTION: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is characterized by esophageal mucosal injury due to the reflux of gastroduodenal contents. Typical symptoms include heartburn and acid regurgitation. In addition, gastroesophageal reflux (GER) can influence conditions such as otitis media, rhinitis, and asthma. This study aimed to examine the association between dinner-to-bed time and GER-related diseases, such as otitis media, allergic rhinitis, and asthma. METHODS: This was a longitudinal cohort study using secondary data. Data were collected from a large-scale birth cohort study conducted in Japan including babies born in 2001 and 2010. Dinner-to-bed time was categorized as "longer dinner-to-bed time" (>120 minutes), "shorter dinner-to-bed time" (≤120 minutes or less), and "irregular dinner-to-bed time." Modified Poisson regression with robust variance was used to estimate risk ratios (RRs). RESULTS: A total of 60,392 children were included in this study. Children with shorter dinner-to-bed time had a higher risk of asthma (adjusted RR (aRR) = 1.10; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03-1.18) than those with longer dinner-to-bed time. However, no significant association was observed between shorter dinner-to-bed time and otitis media or allergic rhinitis. Furthermore, supplementary analyses revealed that the risk of asthma was significantly higher in children born in 2001 (aRR = 1.13; 95% CI, 1.04-1.22). CONCLUSION: This study showed that dinner-to-bed time within 120 minutes after dinner increases the risk of developing asthma. This underscores the importance of considering lifestyle modifications, as certain pediatric asthma cases may be influenced by behaviors that promote GER.

DOI： 10.7759/cureus.77709

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Epidemiological Association  

BACKGROUND: Despite Japan's universal health insurance system, health disparities have increased since the 1990s. However, the impact of area deprivation on various aspects of child health remains understudied. METHODS: This population-based cohort study followed 38,554 children born in Japan (May 10-24, 2010) from birth to age 5.5 years. Using an outcome-wide approach, Bayesian three-level logistic regression models (individuals in municipalities within eight major regions) assessed associations between municipality-level Area Deprivation Index (ADI) at birth and multiple preschool health outcomes (hospitalizations for all causes; respiratory infections; gastrointestinal diseases; Kawasaki disease; medical visits for asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, food allergy, injury, intussusception; prevalence of overweight/obesity), adjusting for individual-level factors. RESULTS: Higher ADI was associated with increased risk of all-cause hospitalization (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] per 1-standard-deviation increase in ADI, 1.04; 95% credible interval [CrI], 1.01-1.07), respiratory infections (aOR, 1.08; 95% CrI, 1.04-1.13), gastrointestinal diseases (aOR, 1.11; 95% CrI, 1.03-1.20), asthma (aOR, 1.10; 95% CrI, 1.01-1.19). Overweight/obesity at age 5.5 years also increased with higher ADI (aOR, 1.11; 95% CrI, 1.06-1.16). Higher ADI was inversely associated with Kawasaki disease (aOR, 0.86; 95% CrI, 0.77-0.96), though not robust in sensitivity analysis. Geographic clustering was observed for all outcomes, particularly at municipality level. CONCLUSION: We found persistent municipal-level health inequalities across various childhood health outcomes in Japan, despite its universal health insurance system. These findings suggest that policymakers should address health inequalities through comprehensive strategies targeting broader social determinants beyond health care access.

DOI： 10.2188/jea.je20240426

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AIM: The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of abnormal blood pressure on the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in a large cohort of older Japanese people aged ≥65 years. METHODS: This cohort study enrolled 54 760 participants from Okayama City aged ≥65 years who underwent basic health checkups from April 2006 to March 2008. Based on blood pressure, the participants were divided into six categories, from C1 (lowest) to C6 (highest). To assess the association of blood pressure with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, we used survival analysis to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause mortality and subdistribution HRs (SHRs) for cardiovascular mortality on C3. We then repeated the analyses based on age groups (65-74 years, 75-84 years, and ≥85 years). RESULTS: The fully adjusted HRs for all-cause mortality, which included all individual potential confounders, were 1.11 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04-1.19) for C5 and 1.23 (95% CI: 1.09-1.38) for C6, respectively. The fully adjusted SHRs for cardiovascular mortality were 1.11 (95% CI: 1.01-1.21) for C4, 1.19 (95% CI: 1.05-1.34) for C5, and 1.36 (95% CI: 1.09-1.70) for C6. In the age-stratification, an increased risk of hypotension was observed with older age. The HR for C1 was 1.28 (95% CI: 1.16-1.41) for ≥85 years. CONCLUSIONS: Hypertension increased the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among those aged 65-74 and 75-84 years, but not among those aged ≥85 years. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; ••: ••-••.

DOI： 10.1111/ggi.15046

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Wiley  

Abstract

Aim

This study investigated the association between outdoor play habits during preschool and school‐age obesity.

Methods

We conducted a longitudinal cohort study of all children born in Japan during 2 weeks in January and July 2001. We defined outdoor play habits at age 2.5 years (third survey) as exposure, while parent‐reported height and weight at age 7 years (seventh survey) were defined as overweight and obesity status using the WHO reference. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for associations between preschool outdoor play habits and school‐age obesity, adjusting for parental and child factors.

Results

Of 53 575 children born, 42 812 had data on outdoor play habits at age 2.5 years, with 91% (38 970) having such habits. At age 7 years, 31 743/42 812 (74%) children had height and weight data, with 3249/31 743 (10%) classified as overweight or obesity (BMI SD score ≥1.0). Outdoor play habits were negatively associated with obesity (adjusted OR 0.85, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.74–0.97).

Conclusion

Outdoor play habits in early preschool years are associated with a reduced risk of school‐age obesity. Parents and caregivers may consider encouraging their children to outdoor play habits at an early age to help prevent obesity later in life.

DOI： 10.1111/apa.17441

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Kawasaki disease (KD) is a pediatric disease of unknown etiology that commonly affects infants in East Asia. Infants born small for gestational age (SGA) have weaker immune systems and are more susceptible to infection. Using data from a nationwide Japanese birth cohort study conducted in 2010 (n=34,579), we investigated whether SGA increases the risk of KD. SGA was defined as birth weight below the 10th percentile for gestational age. The outcome was hospitalization for KD between 6 and 30 months of age. The association between SGA and hospitalization for KD, adjusted for child and maternal factors, was examined using logistic regression. Of the 231 children hospitalized for KD, 9.5% were SGA. Further statistical analysis showed that SGA did not increase the odds ratio (OR) of hospitalization for KD (adjusted OR 1.12, 95% confidence interval 0.71-1.75). This result was not changed with stratification by early daycare attendance and preterm status. Reasons for the lack of association may include the multifactorial pathogenesis of KD; in addition, the types of infections to which SGA infants are predisposed may differ from those triggering KD. Overall, our large nationwide study found no association between SGA and KD.

DOI： 10.18926/AMO/67656

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

BACKGROUND: Despite the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants and waning immunity after initial vaccination, data on antibody kinetics following booster doses, particularly those adapted to Omicron subvariants like XBB.1.5, remain limited. This study assesses the kinetics of anti-spike protein receptor-binding domain (S-RBD) IgG antibody titers post-booster vaccination in a Japanese population during the Omicron variant epidemic. METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted in Bizen City, Japan, from November 2023 to January 2024. Participants included residents and workers aged ≥18 years, with at least three COVID-19 vaccinations. Antibody levels were measured from venous blood samples. The study analyzed 424 participants and 821 antibody measurements, adjusting for variables such as age, sex, underlying conditions, and prior infection status. Mixed-effects models were employed to describe the kinetics of log-transformed S-RBD antibody titers. RESULTS: The study found that S-RBD antibody titers declined over time but increased with the number of booster vaccinations, particularly those adapted to Omicron and its subvariant XBB.1.5 (Pfizer-BioNTech Omicron-compatible: 0.156, 95%CI -0.032 to 0.344; Pfizer-BioNTech XBB-compatible: 0.226; 95%CI -0.051 to 0.504; Moderna Omicron-compatible: 0.279, 95%CI 0.012 to 0.546; and Moderna XBB-compatible: 0.338, 95%CI -0.052 to 0.728). Previously infected individuals maintained higher antibody titers, which declined more gradually compared to uninfected individuals (coefficient for interaction with time 0.006; 95%CI 0.001 to 0.011). Sensitivity analyses using Generalized Estimating Equations and interval-censored random intercept model confirmed the robustness of these findings. CONCLUSIONS: The study provides specific data on antibody kinetics post-booster vaccination, including the XBB.1.5-adapted vaccine, in a highly vaccinated Japanese population. The results highlight the importance of considering individual demographics and prior infection history in optimizing vaccination strategies.

DOI： 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126156

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DOI： 10.31662/jmaj.2024-0009

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BACKGROUND: Otitis media (OM) is a prevalent respiratory disease in children and poses significant public health challenges due to its impact on child health and economic burdens. However, there have no nationwide epidemiological studies conducted in Japan. This study investigates the epidemiological trends of OM in Japan, taking into account the impact of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) introduction. METHOD: This study was retrospective cohort study using secondary data on the nationwide longitudinal birth cohort. This survey followed two cohorts born in 2001 (pre-PCV era) and 2010 (post-PCV era) until the age of 9. Every year, parents were surveyed about their children's health status, including occurrences of OM. The annual period prevalence and cumulative incidence of OM were assessed in this study, and the two cohorts were compared using a modified Poisson regression model adjusted environmental factors with the 2001 cohort as reference. RESULT: The study included 47,015 children from the 2001 cohort and 38,554 from the 2010 cohort. Peak annual period prevalence of OM varied by era. Cumulative incidence was 13.8 % for the 2001 cohort and 18.5 % for the 2010 cohort by 1.5 years of age and 28.9 % and 33.3 %, respectively, by 3.5 years of age. In particular, from the fourth survey onward, covering ages 2.5-3.5 years, a shift was observed from an increased risk to a decreased risk of OM. CONCLUSION: This nationwide longitudinal study emphasizes variations in OM epidemiology across Japan over time, with changes potentially influenced by the introduction of PCV7. In this study, due to the absence of individual PCV7 vaccination data, the effect of PCV7 was estimated based on the vaccination rate at the population level. The results suggest a notable decrease in the incidence of OM in later years, aligning with the increased uptake of PCV7.

DOI： 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.05.020

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OBJECTIVE: Presenteeism occurs when employees attend work despite experiencing problems and ill-health that require sick leave. This study examined whether presenteeism worsened following COVID-19 infection. METHODS: We used the DeSC, a large health insurance claims database. Participants were 9,241 individuals who responded to questionnaires at baseline (June 2020) and 6 months later, had been continuously insured for at least 6 months prior to baseline, and reported being employed. Propensity score matching was performed. Adjusted multiple logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of worsening presenteeism from baseline according to COVID-19 infection compared with non-infection. RESULTS: Conditional logistic regression analysis showed that the adjusted OR for presenteeism in the COVID-19 infected group was 1.555 (95% CI, 1.086-2.225). CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that COVID-19 infection affected worsening of presenteeism.

DOI： 10.1097/JOM.0000000000003128

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BACKGROUND: Understanding the association between the immune response and the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has implications for forthcoming prevention strategies. We evaluated the association between antibody titers and the risk of infection for the general population during the Omicron-dominant phase. METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study of residents or people affiliated with institutions in Bizen City, which included 1,899 participants. We measured the titers of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 repeatedly every 2 months from June 2022 to March 2023. Infection status was obtained from self-reported questionnaires and the official registry. We estimated risk ratios (RRs) for infection within 2 months of the date of each antibody measurement with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) based on antibody titer categories and spline functions. RESULTS: Compared with the <2,500 arbitrary unit (AU)/mL category, the 2,500-5,000, 5,000-10,000, and ≥10,000 AU/mL categories had adjusted RRs (95% CI) of 0.81 (0.61-1.08), 0.51 (0.36-0.72), and 0.41 (0.31-0.54), respectively. The spline function showed a non-linear relationship between antibody titer and risk. CONCLUSIONS: Higher antibody titers were associated with a lower risk. We demonstrate the usefulness of measuring an antibody titers to determine the appropriate timing for future vaccination.

DOI： 10.1093/infdis/jiae207

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

Abstract

Global concern over COVID-19 vaccine distribution disparities highlights the need for strategic booster shots. We explored longitudinal antibody responses post-booster during the Omicron wave in a Japanese cohort, emphasizing prior infection and booster doses. This prospective cohort study included 1763 participants aged 18 years and older with at least three vaccine doses (7376 datapoints). Antibody levels were measured every 2 months. We modeled temporal declines in antibody levels after COVID-19 vaccine boosters according to prior infection status and booster doses using a Bayesian linear mixed-effects interval-censored model, considering age, sex, underlying conditions, and lifestyle. Prior infection enhanced post-booster immunity (posterior median 0.346, 95% credible interval [CrI] 0.335–0.355), maintaining antibody levels (posterior median 0.021; 95% CrI 0.019–0.023) over 1 year, in contrast to uninfected individuals whose levels had waned by 8 months post-vaccination. Each additional booster was correlated with higher baseline antibody levels and slower declines, comparing after the third dose. Female sex, older age, immunosuppressive status, and smoking history were associated with lower baseline post-vaccination antibodies, but not associated with decline rates except for older age in the main model. Prior infection status and tailored, efficient, personalized booster strategies are crucial, considering sex, age, health conditions, and lifestyle.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-024-55245-9

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Other Link： https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-55245-9

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DOI： 10.3390/ijerph21020217

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.ajic.2024.02.006

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The tyrosine kinase inhibitor lenvatinib has been confirmed as an effective treatment option for patients with unresectable thyroid carcinoma. We conducted a retrospective analysis of the significance of the effect of continued lenvatinib treatment for the longest duration possible at a reasonable daily dose and with a minimum discontinuation period in 42 patients with unresectable thyroid carcinoma treated with lenvatinib between 2015 and 2020. A Cox proportional hazard model-based analysis revealed that the overall survival of the patients treated with a <8 mg/day mean dose of lenvatinib was significantly better than that of the patients treated with 8-24 mg/day (hazard ratio [HR] 0.38 for 1.14-4.54 mg/day, and HR 0.01 for 4.56-7.97 mg/day) adjusted for various factors (e.g., sex, age, drug interruption period). The cumulative dose of lenvatinib administered tended to be higher in the patients treated with low doses (< 8 mg/day) than in the patients treated with relatively high doses (8-24 mg/day). Considering its adverse events, the continuation of lenvatinib treatment with an adequate daily dose and drug interruption may help prolong the survival of patients with unresectable thyroid carcinoma.

DOI： 10.18926/AMO/66672

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：National Center for Global Health and Medicine (JST)  

We examined the association between antibody titer levels and risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in the general Japanese population, including a total of 1,972 participants between June and September 2022. Specifically, we ascertained participantsIgG antibody titers targeting the spike protein and infection status, and subsequently examined the association between antibody titer categories (< 2,500, 2,500-5,000, 5,000-10,000 and > 10,000 AU/mL) and COVID-19 infection to estimate risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). Compared to the lowest category, the adjusted RR for participants with antibody titers ≥ 10,000 AU/mL was 0.38 (95% CI: 0.20-0.71). The observed non-linear relationship between the titers and the risk of infection showed that the risk decreased as the participant's antibody titer increased, but the slope became milder when the antibody titer reached approximately 10,000 AU/mL. These findings may contribute to the use of an individual's antibody titer to consider appropriate timing of vaccination.

DOI： 10.35772/ghmo.2023.01018

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BACKGROUND: In recent years, there has been a diversification of working styles. The concept of workers' well-being is no longer limited to material wealth, such as how satisfied they are with their wages. Psychological enrichment, encompassing factors like motivation and interpersonal relationships, is also important. This study was established to develop a scale to evaluate the well-being of workers, named the Abundance Index for Workers (AIW). This new concept proposed by the authors comprehensively considers both job-related resources and personal and societal resources. METHODS: This study was carried out as part of the Tsukuba Salutogenic Occupational Cohort Study (T-SOCS). We utilized data from a survey targeting workers affiliated with institutions under the Tsukuba Science City Network, examining aspects of their daily life, work, and mental health. The deviation scores for each survey item were averaged to calculate an overall score. The correlations of the comprehensive score with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) index for depression and the Single-item Presenteeism Question (SPQ) index for presenteeism were analyzed to determine criterion-related validity. RESULTS: The number of participants analyzed was 2,745. Factor analysis categorized the data into three factors: workplace mental health, societal resources, and lifestyle habits. Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.688. There were correlations of -0.363 (p < 0.001) between the total score and SPQ, and -0.558 (p < 0.001) between the total score and PHQ-9, suggesting a degree of criterion-related validity. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we designed a test battery that assesses workers' well-being based on job-related resources and the richness of societal resources. The internal consistency of this battery was not as high as expected due to the broad scope of well-being. Although it is difficult to evaluate workers' well-being on a single scale, we believe that the AIW functions well as a test battery by combining scales with different attributes, which enables well-being to be captured from as many different perspectives as possible. This tool is designed to assist individuals in evaluating their own well-being and recognizing factors that can enhance it. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Not applicable; this study is not an intervention trial.

DOI： 10.1265/ehpm.23-00372

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This study investigated the association between housing type and clinical remission of infantile-onset allergic rhinitis (AR) in 53,575 children born in 2001 in Japan. Infantile-onset AR was defined as the presence of AR symptoms reported between ages 1.5 and 4.5 years, and remission was assessed between ages 10 and 12. The type of housing was categorized into detached houses and multi-unit residential buildings with 1-2, 3-5, or ≥6 floors. Among the 4,352 infantile-onset AR, 42.9% experienced remission. Notably, living in multi-unit residential buildings, particularly those with 1-2 and ≥6 floors, was positively associated with AR remission.

DOI： 10.1016/j.pedhc.2023.11.011

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This paper presents the results of a series of surveys conducted from July 2021 to March 2023 to investigate the post-vaccination adverse reactions to the mRNA-1273 (Moderna) vaccine among faculty, staff, and students at Okayama University. These studies complement the official surveys conducted by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) and provide a more representative picture of adverse reactions in the general population including large numbers of healthy young people. Pain, swelling, redness at the injection site, fever, headache, and malaise were the main adverse reactions reported. The proportion of adverse reactions was generally higher after the second vaccination and decreased with each additional vaccination. No statistically significant differences in the adverse reactions were found for males and females and those with/without a history of allergy, but a lower proportion of fever was observed in older participants and those with underlying medical conditions. We also evaluated the association between adverse reactions and antibody titers after the third vaccination and found no significant differences in antibody levels one month after vaccination. This series of studies highlights the importance of conducting surveys in diverse populations to provide a more representative picture of post-vaccination adverse reactions during a pandemic.

DOI： 10.18926/AMO/66148

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：OKAYAMA UNIV MED SCHOOL  

Many studies have shown an association between long-term exposure to particulate matter having an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5) and diabetes mellitus (DM), but few studies have focused on Asian subjects. We thus examined the association between long-term exposure to PM2.5 and DM prevalence in Okayama City, Japan. We included 76,591 participants who had received basic health checkups in 2006 and 2007. We assigned the census-level modeled PM2.5 data from 2006 and 2007 to each participant and defined DM using treatment status and the blood testing. PM2.5 was associated with DM prevalence, and the prevalence ratio (95% confidence interval) was 1.10 (1.00-1.20) following each interquartile range increase (2.1 μg/m3) in PM2.5. This finding is consistent with previous results and suggests that long-term exposure to PM2.5 is associated with an increased prevalence of DM in Okayama City, Japan, where the PM2.5 level is lower than in other cities in Asian countries.

DOI： 10.18926/AMO/66152

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INTRODUCTION: In Japan, approximately 97 million individuals have received their primary two doses of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine at the end of 2022. In this study, we aim to examine the effectiveness of the primary vaccines and compare its efficacy to booster vaccine shots in terms of preventing COVID-19 exacerbations during the Omicron-predominant period in Japan. METHODS: For this analysis, we have collected all the confirmed COVID-19-positive cases from different medical institutions in Okayama City and have also utilized the information from the public Vaccination Record System. Taking the number of vaccinations into consideration, we then conducted a population-based study to assess the effectiveness of the two primary vaccine doses in preventing COVID-19 exacerbations during the Omicron waves. Our primary and secondary outcomes were COVID-19 exacerbations with respiratory failure (i.e., oxygen saturation on room air ≤ 93%, requiring supplemental oxygen), intensive care unit admission and/or mechanical ventilator requirement, or death, in accordance with the Japanese COVID-19 guidelines, and pneumonia during the course of COVID-19 infection, respectively. RESULTS: In total, 95,329 COVID-19-positive individuals, aged 5 years and above, were included in this analysis (study period from January 1 to September 10, 2022). As per our findings, the effectiveness of the primary two doses against COVID-19 exacerbations compared with those who had never been vaccinated was 55.5% (95% confidential interval [CI]: 32.6-71.7), whereas it was higher after the third dose (76.9%; 95% CI: 66.7-84.0) and the fourth dose (75.7%; 95% CI: 58.8-85.7). Effectiveness was sustained for ≥ 5 months after the third vaccination, and preventive effectiveness was observed in individuals aged ≥ 65 years. CONCLUSIONS: As per the results of this study, we can conclude that the efficacy of the primary two doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine can be further strengthened in terms of preventing COVID-19 exacerbations by administering third and fourth booster vaccine shots. The additional bivalent vaccine is anticipated to further increase its efficacy against the Omicron strain, suggesting that individuals who have not received their booster shots yet should consider getting them to prevent COVID-19 exacerbations.

DOI： 10.31662/jmaj.2023-0019

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.31662/jmaj.2023-0019.

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DOI： 10.18926/AMO/65970.

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DOI： 10.18926/AMO/65971.

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DOI： 10.1245/s10434-023-14005-1

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This study examined whether participation in an art project was associated with higher social capital (SC). We conducted a questionnaire survey from November 2021 to March 2022 among residents aged 20 years or older of Naoshima, an island in Kagawa Prefecture, Japan. Before the survey, the Setouchi Triennale had been held on Naoshima four times, starting in 2010. We calculated propensity scores for Triennale participation and performed propensity score matching. We then compared cognitive and structural SC by Triennale participation and found significant differences, respectively. We adopted a conditional ordered logistic regression analysis with propensity score matching for cognitive or structural SC, and found adjusted odd ratios of 2.913 (95%CI, 1.846-4.596) for cognitive SC and 4.535 (95%CI, 2.839-7.244) for structural SC. Our findings suggest that Triennale participation enhanced the cognitive aspect of SC while also building structural SC.

DOI： 10.18926/AMO/65966

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BACKGROUND: Primary lung tumors are sometimes resected when either pleural dissemination (PD) or malignant pleural effusion (MPE) exists. This study clarified the prognostic factors for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with either PD and MPE, or both, detected during or after surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We examined patients with NSCLC from a multicenter database who had either PD, MPE, or both, detected during or after surgery between 2005 and 2015. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using the Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for potential confounding factors. RESULTS: Among 9463 registered patients, PD, MPE, or both, were found in 114 patients with NSCLC during or after surgery. Primary tumor resection and exploratory thoracotomy were performed in 65 and 49 patients, respectively. In univariate analysis, adenocarcinoma, clinically undetected lymph node metastasis (c-N0 or unknown), EGFR mutation, and combination of chemotherapy or tyrosine kinase inhibitors after surgery were better prognostic factors for overall survival (OS), whereas in the multivariate analysis, adenocarcinoma, clinically undetected lymph node metastasis, and EGFR mutation were favorable independent prognostic factors in OS. Additionally, limited to patients with EGFR mutation, patients with primary lung tumor resection showed a significantly better 5-year OS than those with exploratory thoracotomy (86.4 vs. 44.8%; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Our findings show that surgical resection of primary tumors could improve the prognosis of patients with PD, MPE, or both, detected during or after surgery when the tumors harbor an EGFR mutation.

DOI： 10.1245/s10434-023-13791-y

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Epidemiological Association  

DOI： 10.2188/jea.je20230034

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OBJECTIVE: To clarify whether age impacts the development of endolymphatic hydrops (ELH) in neurotologic patients. Documentation of ELH in living patients on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows analysis of patient age and formation of ELH, which is impossible by means of postmortem temporal bone pathology. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case review. SETTING: Tertiary referral center. PATIENTS: Fifty patients (100 ears) with top 3 diagnoses of definite Menière's disease, delayed ELH, or probable Menière's disease. INTERVENTIONS: Endolymph MRI after intravenous gadolinium injection and pure-tone audiometry. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cochlear and vestibular ELH confirmed by MRI. RESULTS: The prevalences of ears showing both cochlear and vestibular ELH were similar among age groups <30 years (30%), 30-59 years (25.9%), and ≥60 years (34.4%; p > 0.05; χ2 test). Using logistic regression modeling, mean hearing level at the six frequencies was positively associated with a higher risk of cochlear ELH (odds ratio, 1.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-1.5 per 10-dB increment). In the same regression model, age did not impact the outcome of cochlear ELH (odds ratio, 1.0; 95%confidence interval, 0.7-1.4 per 10-year increment). Age did not differ among ears with no ELH (mean ± standard deviation age, 48.6 ± 14.4 yr), ears with only cochlear ELH (59.3 ± 10.7 yr), ears with only vestibular ELH (50.4 ± 16.9 yr), or ears with both cochlear and vestibular ELH (51.5 ± 18.4 yr; p > 0.05, analysis of variance). CONCLUSION: Chronological age was not associated with the formation of ELH. Aging per se may not be associated with the development of ELH in neurotologic patients.

DOI： 10.1097/MAO.0000000000003945

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.jiac.2023.08.004

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Language：English   Publisher：Okayama University Medical School  

DOI： 10.18926/amo/65749

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No epidemiological studies have examined the health effects of daily bathing in radon hot springs. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the associations between radon hot spring bathing and health conditions. The target population was 5,250 adults ≥ 20 years old in the town of Misasa, Japan. We collected information about the participants' bathing habits and alleviation of a variety of disease symptoms, and their self-rated health (SRH). Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. In both the adjusted and unadjusted models of hypertension, significant associations between the > 1×/week hot spring bathing and the alleviation of hypertension symptoms were observed compared to the group whose hot spring bathing was <1×/week: adjusted model, OR 5.40 (95%CI: 1.98-14.74); unadjusted model, 3.67 (1.50-8.99) and for gastroenteritis: adjusted model, 9.18 (1.15-72.96); unadjusted model, 7.62 (1.59-36.49). Compared to the no-bathing group, higher SRH was significantly associated with both bathing < 1×/week: unadjusted model, 2.27 (1.53-3.37) and > 1×/week: adjusted model, 1.91 (1.15-3.19). These findings suggest that bathing in radon hot springs is associated with higher SRH and the alleviation of hypertension and gastroenteritis.

DOI： 10.18926/AMO/65749

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

DOI： 10.1007/s00213-023-06407-6

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Other Link： https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00213-023-06407-6/fulltext.html

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

DOI： 10.1007/s00431-023-05062-5

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Other Link： https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00431-023-05062-5/fulltext.html

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BACKGROUND: Surgical resection of esophageal cancer is frequently performed to achieve a complete cure. However, the postoperative recurrence rate is 36.8-42.5%, leading to poor prognosis. Radiation therapy has been used to treat recurrences; solitary recurrence has been proposed as a prognostic factor for radiation therapy, though its significance is unclear. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography is a highly accurate diagnostic modality for esophageal cancer. This retrospective study aimed to analyze the outcomes of solitary postoperative recurrences of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma diagnosed with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and treated with definitive radiation therapy. METHODS: We examined 27 patients who underwent definitive radiation therapy for single or multiple postoperative recurrences of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma between May 2015 and April 2021. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography was performed within 3 months before the commencement of radiation therapy. Kaplan-Meier, univariate, and multivariate analyses were performed to examine the overall survival and identify potential prognostic factors. RESULTS: The 1-, 2-, and 3-year overall survival rates were 85.2%, 62.6%, and 47.3%, respectively, and solitary recurrence was the only significant factor associated with overall survival (P = 0.003). The 1-, 2-, and 3-year overall survival rates in patients with solitary recurrence were 91.7%, 80.2%, and 80.2%, respectively, and in patients with multiple recurrences they were 80.0%, 50.3%, and 25.1%, respectively. Multivariate analysis also showed solitary recurrence as a significant factor for overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: When diagnosed with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography, solitary recurrence appears to have a more favorable prognosis than multiple recurrences.

DOI： 10.1007/s10388-023-01000-4

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Introduction: The association between complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use and other health-related behaviors is an important issue. A previous study reported that complementary medicine use is related to greater use of cancer screening, whereas alternative medicine use is related to lower use of cancer screening. Given the sparse evidence from Japan, we aimed to examine the association of CAM use with cancer screening and medical checkups. We used a repeated cross-sectional survey of a nationally representative sample of Japanese people and conducted age-period-cohort analysis. Methods: The study population was 68,217 of 83,827 individuals observed from 2001 to 2013 who received cancer screening. CAM users were defined as individuals who received acupuncture, moxibustion, anma/massage/shiatsu, or judo therapy for their most worrisome symptom. The outcomes of interest were receiving stomach, lung, colorectal, uterine, and breast cancer screenings and medical checkups. Using crossclassified multilevel logistic regression models, we estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% credible intervals (CIs) for cancer screening and medical checkups. Results: For CAM users of complementary medicine, the adjusted ORs for stomach, lung, and colorectal cancer screening were 1.40 (95% CI: 1.35-1.44), 1.37 (95% CI: 1.34-1.40), and 1.52 (95% CI: 1.49-1.54), respectively. We found similar results for uterine and breast cancer screening, and medical checkups. Conclusions: Irrespective of whether they use CAM, CAM users in Japan tend to receive a variety of cancer screenings and medical checkups.

DOI： 10.1089/jicm.2023.0077

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Wiley  

DOI： 10.1111/apa.16551

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BACKGROUND: Frailty is associated with the incidence of disability in older people, but few studies investigated differences in the association of frailty with mild and severe disability by Japanese long-term care insurance certification. This study investigated the association of frailty with the incidence of mild and severe disability separately. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study for 3 years. The participants were community-dwelling people aged ≥ 65 in Okayama City. We assessed frailty status using the Kihon Checklist and defined outcomes as mild and severe disability in long-term care insurance certifications. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association of frailty with the incidence of mild and severe disability. RESULTS: A total of 36043 participants were analyzed. For mild disability, the odds ratios (ORs) comparing frail to robust and prefrail to robust were 3.85 (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.36-4.42) and 1.82 (95% CI 1.58-2.10). Similarly, the corresponding ORs for severe disability were 4.35 (95% CI 3.55-5.34) and 1.78 (95% CI 1.43-2.21). In the age-stratified analysis, in mild disability, the pre-old group (aged 65-74) with frail showed a higher association than the old group (aged ≥ 75) with frail. In severe disability, the old group with frail showed a higher association than the pre-old group with frail. CONCLUSION: The results showed that both prefrail and frail were associated with the incidence of mild and severe disability, and there were different patterns of association between the pre-old/old age groups.

DOI： 10.4235/agmr.22.0097

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BACKGROUND: In aging societies, there is an increasing focus on the concept of frailty. However, there is no consistent means to assess this concept. We assessed frailty using the Kihon Checklist (KCL), which is widely used in Japan, and examined the association between frailty and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in Japan, the most aged society in the world. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study, and we analyzed 43,312 participants aged ≥ 65 years who were enrolled in basic health checkups in Okayama City, Japan. We defined the frailty status of the participants using the KCL. To assess the association of frailty status with all-cause and cause-specific mortality, we used cause-specific Cox proportional hazard models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs), adjusting for individual potential confounders. Mean follow-up time was 9.3 years. RESULTS: The fully adjusted HR for all-cause mortality was 1.34 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.27-1.41) for the prefrail group and 2.22 (95% CI: 2.11-2.33) for the frail group. A similar pattern was observed for cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, and cancer mortality. Younger people (65-74 years) and women tended to have higher effect estimates than older people (≥ 75 years) and men. CONCLUSION: Prefrailty and frailty can increase the risk of both all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Our study suggests that to support frail patients, it could be effective to focus on the prevention and management of cardiovascular and respiratory disease, and that the KCL may be useful as a method of screening for frailty.

DOI： 10.1016/j.archger.2022.104906

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Epidemiological Association  

DOI： 10.2188/jea.je20220210

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Mary Ann Liebert Inc  

Introduction: It is recommended that users of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) also seek conventional medical care to prevent the loss of access to appropriate medical care. However, the status of such use is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the time trends in the proportion of CAM users who also receive conventional medical care for the same symptoms. Methods: This is a repeated cross-sectional study. Of data for 753,978 respondents to the Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions, which was conducted seven times between 1995 and 2013, data from 17,707 individuals who used acupuncture, moxibustion, anma-massage-shiatsu, or judo therapy were analyzed. Cross-classified multilevel logistic regression models with individuals as level 1 and survey year and cohort as level 2 were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% credible intervals (CIs) for combined use of CAM and conventional medical care. Age was entered as an individual-level variable. The period effect after 2003 was entered as a survey year-level variable because the number of eligible persons providing CAM treatments has increased since 2003. Results: Among the 17,707 CAM users, 11,567 (65.3%) were women. When age was entered as an explanatory variable, the results showed that both older men and women tended to receive conventional medical care (women, OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.03-1.04; men, OR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.02-1.04). Additional examination of the possible period effect after 2003 showed a positive (although nonsignificant) association (women, OR: 1.36, 95% CI: 0.89-1.99; men, OR: 1.37, 95% CI: 0.94-1.91). Conclusions: As patient age increased, patients combined CAM use with conventional medicine. The findings also suggested that the combined use of CAM and conventional medicine has increased since 2003.

DOI： 10.1089/jicm.2022.0631

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Other Link： https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/pdf/10.1089/jicm.2022.0631

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.jiac.2022.07.002

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.schres.2022.08.024

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本リハビリテーション医学会  

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DOI： 10.18926/AMO/64038

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DOI： 10.1016/j.jiac.2022.09.012

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DOI： 10.18926/AMO/63893

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DOI： 10.18926/AMO/63903

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本アルコール・アディクション医学会  

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DOI： 10.1007/s00520-022-07010-9

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DOI： 10.1016/j.jocn.2022.03.018

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：National Center for Global Health and Medicine (JST)  

To investigate adverse reactions and attitudes toward the vaccine during the first month after mRNA- 1273 vaccination in a larger sample including younger men and women in Japan, we distributed a 1-month post-vaccination questionnaire using a Google form to 8,566 people who received a second dose of mRNA-1273 at Okayama University. The response rate was about 40.2% (3,447 responses), the sex ratio was about the same, and 73.3 % (2,528 respondents) were students in their twenties or younger. Poisson regression with robust variance was performed to calculate the prevalence ratio of each symptom by different attributes. The most common adverse reactions after the second vaccine dose were local pain (80.4%), fever (85.1%), malaise (82.0%), headache (64.0%), and chills (57.4%). Approximately 99% of respondents reported that their adverse reactions resolved within 1 week. Over 80% of respondents were satisfied with their vaccination (87.2%), expressed interest in receiving the third vaccination (83.3%), and would recommend vaccination to their loved ones (80.2%). However, among them, 22.0% (757 respondents) would recommend and 28.4% (980 respondents) also stated that they would consider the type of vaccine in these decisions.

DOI： 10.35772/ghm.2021.01125

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DOI： 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109365

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Language：English   Publisher：Japan Epidemiological Association  

DOI： 10.2188/jea.je20210487

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DOI： 10.1007/s00213-022-06099-4

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Healthcare providers are at risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 via droplets, respiratory secretions, and contact with contaminated surfaces. Personal protective equipment (PPE) is necessary for primary reliable prevention to treat patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, PPE shortages have had a significant impact on every medical facility, and outpatient clinics are especially vulnerable to shortages of medical supplies. During the first stage of the pandemic, efforts were made to reduce the use of medical supplies. Guidance and strategies were proposed to ration the use of PPE, including reusing it. However, reuse (wash) of isolation gowns has not been practically promoted despite these suggestions. Further, reusable products may have advantages for economic and ecologic reasons. We developed an adult universally sized, long-sleeved, 100% polyester, reusable/washable gown with liquid barrier protection. The isolation gown can be worn repeatedly through washing and subsequent disinfection, and it can withstand washing in 80°C hot water for 10 min and/or immersion in 0.05%-0.1% sodium hypochlorite for 30 min and then dried. This new gown's liquid barrier performance is at Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation level 1, even after 20 repeated uses with low cost. The choice of barrier level for gowns should be made based on the risk of contamination. However, the healthcare setting for COVID-19 patients varies greatly with not fully elucidated transmissibility. The newly made reusable isolation gown can be one option for treating COVID-19 patients especially in low-risk settings with economical advantage. Further, preparedness for reuse may have critical implications in extreme shortage. Reconsideration should be focused on reusable gowns with liquid barrier performance and their appropriate use.

DOI： 10.31662/jmaj.2021-0075

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DOI： 10.1111/ped.15354

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DOI： 10.1080/00016489.2022.2047222

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DOI： 10.1007/s00213-021-06036-x

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DOI： 10.2188/jea.JE20210066

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DOI： 10.1177/0003489420987972

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DOI： 10.1007/s00270-021-02876-4

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DOI： 10.1111/acps.13264

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DOI： 10.1111/acps.13264

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DOI： 10.1007/s00795-020-00261-7

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DOI： 10.1007/s00795-020-00270-6

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DOI： 10.2188/jea.JE20200492

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DOI： 10.1016/j.alit.2019.12.004

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DOI： 10.1093/jjco/hyz206

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DOI： 10.1007/s00213-019-05352-7

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DOI： 10.1007/s00213-019-05352-7

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DOI： 10.1016/j.ijporl.2019.109619

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DOI： 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.07.137

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DOI： 10.1186/s12889-019-7244-9

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DOI： 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.04.010

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DOI： 10.1016/j.alit.2018.09.002

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DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0144683

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DOI： 10.1002/gps.4268

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PURPOSE: The objectives of this study were to prospectively delineate the efficacy and safety of zoledronic acid for treating bone metastases (BM) from differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), and to evaluate the relationships between levels of bone metabolic markers and occurrence of skeletal-related events (SREs). METHODS: This was a prospective, single-arm, single-center study. Nineteen patients with BM from DTC were assigned to receive zoledronic acid therapy every 4-5 weeks. Imaging studies for sites of BM were conducted every 6 months, and levels of bone metabolic markers, including serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP) and urinary N-telopeptide of type I collagen (NTx), were assessed every 3 months. To evaluate the efficacy of zoledronic acid use, data of SREs were compared with those of 16 historical controls. RESULTS: SREs developed in eight patients (42 %), but metastatic spinal cord compression (MSCC) appeared in only one patient. Pain scores were ameliorated in five patients, but aggravated in six patients. Ten patients had stable disease, six showed progressive disease, and none showed partial or complete response during the observation period. Decreases in levels of bone metabolic markers were observed in ten patients for BAP and 15 for NTx. However, no significant correlations were identified between changes in bone metabolic marker levels and development of SREs. CONCLUSIONS: Zoledronic acid may offer a mainstay of multidisciplinary treatment for patients with BM for the purpose of reducing SREs. Levels of serum BAP and urinary NTx do not appear reliable as indicators of amelioration of BM symptoms.

DOI： 10.1245/s10434-015-4497-0

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DOI： 10.3109/00016489.2015.1049664

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DOI： 10.1017/S0022215114001819

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DOI： 10.1002/hed.23322

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DOI： 10.1007/s00127-013-0752-5

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DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0088084

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DOI： 10.1186/1471-2458-13-1189

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DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0065846

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DOI： 10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.02.027

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DOI： 10.1186/1476-069X-12-34

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DOI： 10.18926/AMO/49254

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DOI： 10.1080/19338244.2011.627894

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DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0051717

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DOI： 10.1097/HJH.0b013e32835377ed

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DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0051717

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DOI： 10.1186/1471-2458-12-395

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DOI： 10.1539/joh.11-0202-OA

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DOI： 10.1539/joh.11-0100-OA

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DOI： 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2011.01216.x

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DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0024732

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DOI： 10.2105/AJPH.2011.300166

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DOI： 10.1016/j.envres.2011.02.005

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DOI： 10.18926/AMO/45268

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DOI： 10.1186/1471-2458-10-489

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DOI： 10.1097/EDE.0b013e318190e73f

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DOI： 10.1097/01.ede.0000340088.39958.8b

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In order to know utilization, needs, and related factors for e-learning and its application to education and training in occupational safety and health (OSH) among enterprises in Japan, a questionnaire survey was conducted of enterprises randomly selected from those with 1,000 or more employees and those with 999 or less (500 for each). Data from 134 (56 and 78, respectively) enterprises were analyzed (response rate, 13%). Among total enterprises, 19% had introduced and 16% planned to introduce e-learning. However, only 7% of larger enterprises and less than 3% of smaller enterprises used e-learning for education and training in OSH. On the other hand, 80-90% of enterprises responded positively to considering the use of e-learning for education and training on various OSH topics for various users. Highly rated merits of e-learning were "can use whenever", "can use anywhere"; and its highly rated obstacles were "cost", "individual PC not available", "insufficient information on efficacy". However, the merit "can monitor training" was significantly associated with the use/plan of e-learning. "Good contents not available" was more frequent among enterprises which used/planned e-learning. The study indicated a greater need for e-learning based OSH education and training, despite a currently low rate of its use. Improvement of e-learning platforms and contents, reduction of cost, and improvement of e-learning infrastructure at work may be needed to facilitate the use of e-learning in OSH.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本産業衛生学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：公益社団法人 日本産業衛生学会  

DOI： 10.1539/sangyoeisei.KJ00003947921

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/default/link?pub_year=2025&ichushi_jid=J00175&link_issn=&doc_id=20250421210003&doc_link_id=10.4044%2Fjoma.137.20&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.4044%2Fjoma.137.20&type=J-STAGE&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00007_3.gif

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：岡山医学会  

2020年2月1日から2022年3月31日までに岡山市保健所にCOVID-19の発生届があった患者31037名を対象とし、流行期別に第3波～第6波に分け、症状、重症度、死亡割合などについて分析した。結果、症状のうち発熱の割合は各流行期とも約55%前後であった。デルタ株が流行した第5波では、それまでの流行期に比べて発熱や全身倦怠感、関節・筋肉痛、頭痛などの症状が強く、下痢などの消化器症状が比較的多くみられた。オミクロン株が流行した第6波では咽頭痛が50%と多かった。嗅覚・味覚障害は第3波では約7%で、その後は1～3%と低下傾向にあった。各流行期における中等症II以上の割合を年齢層別にみると、第4波までは60～70代で30%以上、80代以上で40%以上と高かったが、その後は低下傾向にあった。60～70代の死亡割合は第3波が最も高く2.1%で、その後は低下傾向にあった。80代以上の死亡割合は、第3・4波に12%前後と高く、第5波に2.3%と低下し、第6波に4.2%とやや上昇していた。

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/default/link?pub_year=2022&ichushi_jid=J00175&link_issn=&doc_id=20221208190003&doc_link_id=10.4044%2Fjoma.134.160&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.4044%2Fjoma.134.160&type=J-STAGE&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00007_2.gif

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Okayama Medical Association  

Coronavirus disease 2019 has spread worldwide and has yet to be contained. The Japanese government has taken measures against the occurrence of clusters. However, there has little evaluation of the occurrence of the clusters and their changes. Therefore, we investigated the occurrence of the clusters in medical institutions and elderly care facilities in Okayama Prefecture.<br>
We compared the characteristics of the clusters that occurred in each of the wave between October 21, 2020, and September 30, 2021, by using the data published that interval. As a case study, we also evaluated the characteristics of positive patients at a medical institution over where a cluster occurred in case the fourth wave.<br>
The overall number of cluster outbreaks decreased with the spread of vaccination. In the fourth wave, there was a period in which the vaccination of staff members at medical institutions became widespread, while patients or facility users were unvaccinated, resulting in a longer convergence period and an increase in the number of positive cases among patients relative to the number of staff members.<br>
The impact of the spread of vaccination and the duration of immunity acquired after vaccination on the occurrence of clusters should be closely monitored in the future.

DOI： 10.4044/joma.134.86

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：岡山医学会  

県内で2020年10月～2021年9月に発生したクラスターのうち、医療機関と高齢者施設で発生したものを対象とし、発生時期別に第3波(2020年10月～2021年3月)、第4波(2021年4月～6月)、第5波(2021年7月～9月)に分け、各波の「発生件数」「クラスター発端」「収束までの期間」などについて比較検討した。結果、第3波と第4波では医療機関・高齢者施設とも陽性者数の増加に伴いクラスター発生件数が増加しているのに対して、第5波では陽性者数は増加しているもののクラスター発生件数は医療機関・高齢者施設とも減少していた。クラスター発端については、第3波の医療機関クラスターでは職員発端が多く、高齢者施設では利用者発端が多かった。第4波では医療機関・高齢者施設とも患者・利用発端が多かった。医療機関のクラスターでは第3波に比べて第4波で収束までの期間が長い傾向にあった。2021年5月に総社市の医療機関で発生したクラスターの1事例を提示した。

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/default/link?pub_year=2022&ichushi_jid=J00175&link_issn=&doc_id=20220808080003&doc_link_id=10.4044%2Fjoma.134.86&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.4044%2Fjoma.134.86&type=J-STAGE&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00007_2.gif

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DOI： 10.4044/joma.134.35

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本労働安全衛生コンサルタント会  

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DOI： 10.1080/00016489.2017.1378435

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DOI： 10.1002/hed.24874

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DOI： 10.1016/j.jagp.2016.10.014

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DOI： 10.1159/000477301

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Rapid communication, short report, research note, etc. (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Society of Japan, Inc.  

DOI： 10.3950/jibiinkoka.120.772

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DOI： 10.1016/j.anl.2016.01.009

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DOI： 10.1007/s00262-016-1902-x

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DOI： 10.1038/jhg.2015.153

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2016307506

DOI： 10.11477/mf.1664200184

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2015213357

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DOI： 10.1007/s00127-014-0967-0

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DOI： 10.11477/mf.1664102419

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Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2014195754

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DOI： 10.1539/joh.13-0085-FS

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DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0077918

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Language：English   Publisher：Springer New York  

DOI： 10.1007/978-1-4614-7464-7

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DOI： 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301311

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DOI： 10.1136/jech.2010.115592

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OBJECTIVES: A few studies have revealed the impact of neighborhood social capital on oral health among young people. We sought to examine the associations of social capital in three settings (families, neighborhoods, and schools) with self-rated oral health among a sample of college students in Japan. METHODS: Cross-sectional survey of 967 students in Okayama University, aged 18 and 19 years, was carried out. Logistic regression was used to examine the associations of poor self-rated oral health with perceptions of social capital, adjusting for self-perceived household income category and oral health behaviors. RESULTS: The prevalence of subjects with poor self-rated oral health was 22%. Adjusted for gender, self-perceived household income category, dental fear, toothbrush frequency, and dental floss use, poor self-rated oral health was significantly associated with lower level of neighborhood trust [odds ratio (OR) 2.22; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.40-3.54] and lower level of vertical trust in school (OR 1.71; 95% CI: 1.05-2.80). Low informal social control was unexpectedly associated with better oral health (OR 0.54; 95% CI: 0.34-0.85). CONCLUSIONS: The association of social capital with self-rated oral health is not uniform. Higher trust is associated with better oral health, whereas higher informal control in the community is associated with worse oral health.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2011.00642.x

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DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0012135

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DOI： 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.12.033

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DOI： 10.1136/oem.2008.045542

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DOI： 10.1057/jphp.2008.30

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DOI： 10.1136/jech.2008.082453

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Language：English   Publishing type：Book review, literature introduction, etc.  

DOI： 10.18926/AMO/30971

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Language：English   Publisher：The Japanese Society of Health and Medical Sociology  

Income inequality has been implicated as a determinant of population health. Empirical evidence suggests that higher levels of income inequality are associated with worse health outcomes in the population. The pathways linking income inequality to population health remain to be established. However, recent findings from economics provide some clues concerning the mechanisms by which the distribution of income may influence health status. According to one theory, higher levels of income inequality may increase the frequency of invidious social comparisons and heighten the sense of relative deprivation. Recent empirical studies suggest that higher degrees of relative deprivation, as quantified by the Yitzhaki Index, is associated with increased risks of morbidity, mortality, and stress-related health behaviors. A separate theory suggests that increased income inequality erodes the sense of trust and cooperation, and reduces the ability of societies to undertake collective action, such as financing social goods. Recent evidence from experimental economics, using game theory, appears to corroborate this theory. Empirical studies in Japan so far have failed to demonstrate an association between income distribution and population health. On the other hand, it may be too early to conclude that income inequality does not matter for the health of Japanese because of the continuing increases in income inequality between geographic areas of the country, as well as other trends such growing educational inequalities, and the widening disparity in working conditions between full-time workers and part-time, temporary, and contingent workers.

DOI： 10.18918/jshms.18.2_29

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DOI： 10.1097/EDE.0b013e31815c09d2

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DOI： 10.1539/joh.49.190

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DOI： 10.1539/joh.49.81

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Other Link： https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-17790385/

Language：English  

DOI： 10.1539/joh.48.494

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