記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Silicon (Si) uptake is generally beneficial for plants that need protection from insect herbivores. In pursue of mechanisms involved in Si-mediated defense, we comprehensively explored the impact of Si on several defensive and metabolic traits in rice exposed to simulated and real herbivory of Mythimna loreyi Duponchel larvae. Hydroponic experiments showed that Si-deprived rice supplemented with Si 72 h prior to insect infestation were similarly resistant to larvae as plants continuously grown in Si-containing media. Both Si and herbivory altered primary metabolism in rice, including the levels of several sugars, amino acids, and organic acids. While the accumulation of sugars was generally positively correlated with Si presence, multiple amino acids showed a negative correlation trend with Si supplementation. The levels of secondary metabolites, including isopentylamine, p-coumaroylputrescine and feruloylputrescine, were typically higher in the leaves of Si-supplemented plants exposed to herbivory stress compared to Si-deprived plants. In addition, simulated herbivory treatment in Si-supplemented plants induced more volatile emissions relative to Si-deprived plants, which was consistent with the increased transcripts of key genes involved in volatile biosynthesis. In ecological interactions, Si alone did not affect the oviposition choice of M. loreyi but gravid females showed a significant preference for simulated herbivory-treated/Si-deprived compared to Si-supplemented plants. Our data suggest that apart from mechanical defense, Si may affect rice metabolism in multiple ways that might enhance/modulate defense responses of rice under herbivory stress.

DOI： 10.3389/fpls.2024.1399562

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1007/s10725-023-01009-w

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Informa UK Limited  

DOI： 10.1080/15592324.2023.2243064

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Crops experience herbivory by arthropods and microbial infections. In the interaction between plants and chewing herbivores, lepidopteran larval oral secretions (OS) and plant-derived damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) trigger plant defense responses. However, the mechanisms underlying anti-herbivore defense, especially in monocots, have not been elucidated. The receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase Broad-Spectrum Resistance 1 (BSR1) of Oryza sativa L. (rice) mediates cytoplasmic defense signaling in response to microbial pathogens and enhances disease resistance when overexpressed. Here, we investigated whether BSR1 contributes to anti-herbivore defense responses. BSR1 knockout suppressed rice responses triggered by OS from the chewing herbivore Mythimna loreyi Duponchel (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and peptidic DAMPs OsPeps, including the activation of genes required for biosynthesis of diterpenoid phytoalexins (DPs). BSR1-overexpressing rice plants exhibited hyperactivation of DP accumulation and ethylene signaling after treatment with simulated herbivory and acquired enhanced resistance to larval feeding. As the biological significance of herbivory-induced accumulation of rice DPs remains unexplained, their physiological activities in M. loreyi were analyzed. The addition of momilactone B, a rice DP, to the artificial diet suppressed the growth of M. loreyi larvae. Altogether, this study revealed that BSR1 and herbivory-induced rice DPs are involved in the defense against chewing insects, in addition to pathogens.

DOI： 10.3390/ijms241210395

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1007/s11103-021-01186-0

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担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1007/s11103-021-01217-w

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その他リンク： https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11103-021-01217-w/fulltext.html

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1111/jipb.13204

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1111/nph.17444

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その他リンク： https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/nph.17444

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1111/pce.14126

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.3389/fpls.2021.688565

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1080/17429145.2021.2006334

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1093/jxb/eraa341

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Phosphatidic acid plays an important role in plant immune responses against phytopathogenic bacteria in Nicotiana benthamiana. Here we focused on phosphoinositide dependent protein kinases (PDKs) as a candidate required for phosphatidic acid signaling. Based on Arabidopsis PDK sequences, we identified four putative PDK orthologs in N. benthamiana genome. To address the role of PDKs in plant defense responses, we created all four NbPDKs-silenced plants by virus-induced gene silencing. the NbPDKs-silenced plants showed a moderately reduced growth phenotype. Induction of hypersensitive cell death was compromised in the NbPDKs-silenced plants challenged with Ralstonia solanacearum. The hypersensitive cell death induced by bacterial effectors was also reduced in the NbPDKs-silenced plants. the NbPDKs-silenced plants showed decreased production of salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine, as well as hydrogen peroxide after inoculation with R. solanacearum. These results suggest that NbPDKs might have an important role in the regulation of the hypersensitive cell death via plant hormone signaling and oxidative burst.

DOI： 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.20.0511b

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Wiley  

DOI： 10.1111/pce.13775

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その他リンク： https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/pce.13775

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Many pathogenic fungi exploit stomata as invasion routes, causing destructive diseases of major cereal crops. Intensive interaction is expected to occur between guard cells and fungi. In the present study, we took advantage of well-conserved molecules derived from the fungal cell wall, chitin oligosaccharide (CTOS), and chitosan oligosaccharide (CSOS) to study how guard cells respond to fungal invasion. In Arabidopsis, CTOS induced stomatal closure through a signaling mediated by its receptor CERK1, Ca2+, and a major S-type anion channel, SLAC1. CSOS, which is converted from CTOS by chitin deacetylases from invading fungi, did not induce stomatal closure, suggesting that this conversion is a fungal strategy to evade stomatal closure. At higher concentrations, CSOS but not CTOS induced guard cell death in a manner dependent on Ca2+ but not CERK1. These results suggest that stomatal immunity against fungal invasion comprises not only CTOS-induced stomatal closure but also CSOS-induced guard cell death.

DOI： 10.1073/pnas.1922319117

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Phospholipid signaling plays an important role in plant immune responses against phytopathogenic bacteria in Nicotiana benthamiana. Here, we isolated two phospholipase C2 (PLC2) orthologs in the N. benthamiana genome, designated as PLC2-1 and 2-2. Both NbPLC2-1 and NbPLC2-2 were expressed in most tissues and were induced by infiltration with bacteria and flg22. NbPLC2-1 and NbPLC2-2 (NbPLC2s) double-silenced plants showed a moderately reduced growth phenotype. The induction of the hypersensitive response was not affected, but bacterial growth and the appearance of bacterial wilt were accelerated in NbPLC2s-silenced plants when they were challenged with a virulent strain of Ralstonia solanacearum that was compatible with N. benthamiana. NbPLC2s-silenced plants showed reduced expression levels of NbPR-4, a marker gene for jasmonic acid signaling, and decreased jasmonic acid and jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine contents after inoculation with R. solanacearum. The induction of pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI) marker genes was reduced in NbPLC2s-silenced plants after infiltration with R. solanacearum or Pseudomonas fluorescens. Accordingly, the resistance induced by flg22 was compromised in NbPLC2s-silenced plants. In addition, the expression of flg22-induced PTI marker genes, the oxidative burst, stomatal closure, and callose deposition were all reduced in the silenced plants. Thus, NbPLC2s might have important roles in pre- and post-invasive defenses, namely in the induction of PTI.

DOI： 10.1093/jxb/eraa233

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語  

Lysin motif (LysM) is a carbohydrate-binding modules found in all kingdoms. LysM binds to N-acetylglucosamine-containing molecules such as peptidoglycan, chitin, Nod factor, and Myc factor and is found in peptidoglycan hydrolases, chitinases, and plant pathogen effectors and plant receptor/co-receptor for defense and symbiosis signaling. This chapter describes the synthesis of a nonradioactive chitin ligand, biotinylated chitin octasaccharide, (GlcNAc)8-Bio, and its application for the detection and characterization of chitin-binding LysM receptor CEBiP in the microsomal membrane fraction of rice suspension-cultured cells by affinity labeling. We also describe the purification of CEBiP from the plasma membrane of the rice cells by affinity chromatography with the synthesized (GlcNAc)8-APEA-CH-Sepharose as an affinity matrix.

DOI： 10.1007/978-1-0716-0430-4_39

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1080/15592324.2019.1655335

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Feeding of sucking insects, such as the rice brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens; BPH), causes only limited mechanical damage on plants that is otherwise essential for injury-triggered defense responses against herbivores. In pursuit of complementary BPH elicitors perceived by plants, we examined the potential effects of BPH honeydew secretions on the BPH monocot host, rice (Oryza sativa). We found that BPH honeydew strongly elicits direct and putative indirect defenses in rice, namely accumulation of phytoalexins in the leaves, and release of volatile organic compounds from the leaves that serve to attract natural enemies of herbivores, respectively. We then examined the elicitor active components in the honeydew and found that bacteria in the secretions are responsible for the activation of plant defense. Corroborating the importance of honeydew-associated microbiota for induced plant resistance, BPHs partially devoid of their microbiota via prolonged antibiotics ingestion induced significantly less defense in rice relative to antibiotic-free insects applied to similar groups of plants. Our data suggest that rice plants may additionally perceive herbivores via their honeydew-associated microbes, allowing them to discriminate between incompatible herbivores-that do not produce honeydew-and those that are compatible and therefore dangerous.

DOI： 10.1093/jxb/erz041

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Plant defense against herbivores is modulated by herbivore-associated molecular patterns (HAMPs) from oral secretions (OS) and/or saliva of insects. Furthermore, feeding wounds initiate plant self-damage responses modulated by danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) such as immune defense-promoting plant elicitor peptides (Peps). While temporal and spatial co-existence of both patterns during herbivory implies a possibility of their close interaction, the molecular mechanisms remain undetermined. Here we report that exogenous application of rice (Oryza sativa) peptides (OsPeps) can elicit multiple defense responses in rice cell cultures. Specific activation of OsPROPEP3 gene transcripts in rice leaves by wounding and OS treatments further suggests a possible involvement of the OsPep3 peptide in rice-herbivore interactions. Correspondingly, we found that simultaneous application of OsPep3 and Mythimna loreyi OS significantly amplifies an array of defense responses in rice cells, including mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, and generation of defense-related hormones and metabolites. The induction of OsPROPEP3/4 by OsPep3 points to a positive auto-feedback loop in OsPep signaling which may contribute to additional enhancement of defense signal(s). Finally, the overexpression of the OsPep receptor OsPEPR1 increases the sensitivity of rice plants not only to the cognate OsPeps but also to OS signals. Our findings collectively suggest that HAMP-DAMP signal integration provides a critical step in the amplification of defense signaling in plants.

DOI： 10.1111/tpj.13883

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Elsevier GmbH  

DOI： 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.07.016

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記述言語：英語  

Plants synthesize variable mixtures of herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) as part of their evolutionary conserved defense. To elucidate the impact of chewing herbivores with different level of adaptation on HIPV profiles in rice, we measured HIPVs released from rice seedlings challenged by either the generalist herbivore Mythimna loreyi (MYL) or the specialist Parnara guttata (PAG). Both herbivores markedly elicited the emission of HIPVs, mainly on the second and third days after attack compared to control plants. In addition, side-by-side HIPV comparisons using MYL and PAG caterpillars revealed that generalist feeding induced comparably more HIPVs relative to specialist, particularly on day two as highlighted by multivariate analysis (PLS-DA) of emitted HIPVs, and further confirmed in mimicked herbivory experiments. Here, mechanically wounded plants treated with water (WW) released more VOCs than untreated controls, and on top of this, oral secretions (OS) from both herbivores showed differential effects on volatile emissions from the wounded plants. Similar to actual herbivory, MYL OS promoted higher amounts of HIPVs relative to PAG OS, thus supporting disparate induction of rice indirect defenses in response to generalist and specialist herbivores, which could be due to the differential composition of their OS. (196 words).

DOI： 10.1007/s10886-017-0882-4

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1111/jipb.12480

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1111/nph.13994

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1038/srep32537

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1111/pce.12640

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.16.0503a

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語  

DOI： 10.1016/j.pbi.2015.05.032

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1093/femsle/fnv048

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1111/tpj.12535

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.4161/psb.25345

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1093/pcp/pcs113

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1105/tpc.111.092957

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記述言語：英語  

The chitin elicitor-binding protein (CEBiP) from rice was the first plant lysin motif (LysM) protein for which the biological and biochemical function had been established. It belongs to a plant-specific family of extracellular LysM proteins (LYMs) for which we analyzed the phylogeny. LYMs are present in vascular plants only, where an early gene duplication event might have resulted in two types which were retained in present day genomes. LYMs consist of a signal peptide, three consecutive LysMs, separated by cysteine pairs, and a C-terminal region without any known signature, whose length allows the distinction between the two types, and which may be followed by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor motif. We analyzed a representative of each type, MtLYM1 and MtLYM2, from Medicago truncatula at the biochemical level and with respect to their expression patterns and observed some similarities but also marked differences. MtLYM1 and MtLYM2 proved to be very different with regard to abundance and apparent molecular mass on SDS-PAGE. Both undergo several post-translational modifications, including N-glycosylation and the addition of a GPI anchor, which would position the proteins at the outer face of the plasma membrane. Only MtLYM2, but not MtLYM1, showed specific binding to biotinylated N-acetylchitooctaose in a manner similar to CEBiP, which belongs to the same type. We postulate that LYM2-type proteins likely function in the perception of chitin-related molecules, whereas possible functions of LYM1-type proteins remain to be elucidated.

DOI： 10.1016/j.plaphy.2011.04.004

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1126/science.1190859

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記述言語：英語  

DOI： 10.1093/glycob/cwp201

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語  

The plant genome encodes a wide range of receptor-like proteins but the function of most of these proteins is unknown. We propose the use of affinity cross-linking of biotinylated ligands for a ligand-based survey of the corresponding receptor molecules. Biotinylated ligands not only enable the analysis of receptor-ligand interactions without the use of radioactive compounds but also the isolation and identification of receptor molecules by a simple affinity trapping method. We successfully applied this method for the characterization, isolation and identification of the chitin elicitor binding protein (CEBiP). A biocytin hydrazide conjugate of N-acetylchitooctaose (GN8-Bio) was synthesized and used for the detection of CEBiP in the plasma or microsomal membrane preparations from rice and carrot cells. Binding characteristics of CEBiP analyzed by inhibition studies were in good agreement with the previous results obtained with the use of a radiolabeled ligand. The biotin-tagged CEBiP could be purified by avidin affinity chromatography and identified by LC-MALDI-MS/MS after tryptic digestion. We also used this method to detect OsFLS2, a rice receptor-like kinase for the perception of the peptide elicitor flg22, in membrane preparations from rice cells overexpressing OsFLS2. This work demonstrates the applicability of this method to the purification and identification of plant receptor proteins.

DOI： 10.1093/pcp/pcp185

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Phospholipase D (PLD) plays an important role in plants, including responses to abiotic as well as biotic stresses. A survey of the rice (Oryza sativa) genome database indicated the presence of 17 PLD genes in the genome, among which OsPLDalpha1, OsPLDalpha5, and OsPLDbeta1 were highly expressed in most tissues studied. To examine the physiological function of PLD in rice, we made knockdown plants for each PLD isoform by introducing gene-specific RNA interference constructs. One of them, OsPLDbeta1-knockdown plants, showed the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in the absence of pathogen infection. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and DNA microarray analyses revealed that the knockdown of OsPLDbeta1 resulted in the up-/down-regulation of more than 1,400 genes, including the induction of defense-related genes such as pathogenesis-related protein genes and WRKY/ERF family transcription factor genes. Hypersensitive response-like cell death and phytoalexin production were also observed at a later phase of growth in the OsPLDbeta1-knockdown plants. These results indicated that the OsPLDbeta1-knockdown plants spontaneously activated the defense responses in the absence of pathogen infection. Furthermore, the OsPLDbeta1-knockdown plants exhibited increased resistance to the infection of major pathogens of rice, Pyricularia grisea and Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae. These results suggested that OsPLDbeta1 functions as a negative regulator of defense responses and disease resistance in rice.

DOI： 10.1104/pp.108.131979

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1099/mic.0.2008/019612-0

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1073/pnas.0705147104

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担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1093/pcp/pcm115

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1128/AEM.02612-06

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.12.009

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2006.05249.x

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.plantsci.2004.05.018

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語  

Stress-induced cell-lytic activity was found in tobacco BY-2 cells treated with various stresses. Among 14 stresses, an elicitor fraction isolated from Alternaria alternata showed the highest inducing activity. Cell-lytic activity increased for 72 h even in the control sample, treated with distilled water, and several isozymes of beta-1,3-glucanases and chitinases were found to be involved in it. In contrast, cell-lytic activity in BY-2 cells treated with a fungal elicitor reached a higher level after 60 h. The principal enzymes specifically involved in this stress-induced portion are speculated to be basic beta-1,3-glucanases. A class I beta-1,3-glucanase gene (glu1) was found to be the specific gene for the stress-induced cell-lytic activity. Its expression became observable at 24 h, and the intensity reached a maximum at about 60-72 h. The glu1 was thus assigned as a late gene. Its role in the stress response is discussed in conjunction with earlier genes such as chitinases.

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担当区分：筆頭著者   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.21.155

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担当区分：筆頭著者  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry  

DOI： 10.1271/kagakutoseibutsu.50.52

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その他リンク： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00387176671?from=CiNii

担当区分：筆頭著者  

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