Updated on 2024/02/02

写真a

 
HARADA Taro
 
Organization
Faculty of Education Associate Professor
Position
Associate Professor
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Degree

  • 博士(生命科学) ( 東北大学 )

Research Interests

  • low-oxygen stress

  • aquatic plant

  • plant physiology

  • sucrose metabolism

  • schwertmannite

  • ethylene

  • carnation

  • postharvest physiology

  • ornamental flower

  • horticulture

  • ESD

  • 生物教育

Research Areas

  • Environmental Science/Agriculture Science / Horticultural science

  • Life Science / Plant molecular biology and physiology

  • Humanities & Social Sciences / Education on school subjects and primary/secondary education

Professional Memberships

  • 日本植物学会

    2022.5

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  • 園芸学会中四国支部会

    2022.3

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  • 日本生物教育学会

    2020.4

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  • JAPANESE SOCIETY OF AGRICULTURAL, BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERS AND SCIENTISTS

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  • THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE

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  • THE JAPANESE SOCIETY OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS

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Committee Memberships

  • 園芸学会   The Horticulture Journal編集委員  

    2020.4 - 2023.3   

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    Committee type:Academic society

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Papers

  • Low-Oxygen Responses of Cut Carnation Flowers Associated with Modified Atmosphere Packaging Invited Reviewed

    Misaki Nakayama, Nao Harada, Ai Murai, Sayaka Ueyama, Taro Harada

    Plants   12 ( 14 )   2738 - 2738   2023.7

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    Authorship:Corresponding author   Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:MDPI AG  

    Gaseous factors affect post-harvest physiological processes in horticultural crops, including ornamental flowers. However, the molecular responses of cut flowers to the low-oxygen conditions associated with modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) have not yet been elucidated. Here, we show that storage of cut carnation flowers in a sealed polypropylene bag decreased the oxygen concentration in the bag to 3–5% and slowed flower opening. The vase life of carnation flowers after storage for seven days under MAP conditions was comparable to that without storage and was improved by the application of a commercial-quality preservative. The adenylate energy charge (AEC) was maintained at high levels in petals from florets stored under MAP conditions. This was accompanied by the upregulation of four hypoxia-related genes, among which the HYPOXIA-RESPONSIVE ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR and PHYTOGLOBIN genes (DcERF19 and DcPGB1) were newly identified. These results suggest that hypoxia-responsive genes contribute to the maintenance of the energy status in carnation flowers stored under MAP conditions, making this gas-controlling technique potentially effective for maintaining cut flower quality without cooling.

    DOI: 10.3390/plants12142738

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  • Successive Induction of Invertase Isoforms During Flower Development in Eustoma Reviewed

    Taro Harada, Yu Eguchi, Yuma Inada, Keiichi Onishi, Kota Hishikawa

    The Horticulture Journal   90 ( 3 )   334 - 340   2021.7

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    Authorship:Lead author, Corresponding author   Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Japanese Society for Horticultural Science  

    DOI: 10.2503/hortj.utd-265

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  • Development of an SSR marker-based genetic linkage map and identification of a QTL associated with flowering time in Eustoma Reviewed

    Kyoko Kawakatsu, Masafumi Yagi, Taro Harada, Hiroyasu Yamaguchi, Takeshi Itoh, Masahiko Kumagai, Ryutaro Itoh, Hisataka Numa, Yuichi Katayose, Hiroyuki Kanamori, Kanako Kurita, Naoko Fukuta

    Breeding Science   71 ( 3 )   344 - 353   2021.7

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Japanese Society of Breeding  

    DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.20100

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  • Comprehensive analysis of sucrolytic enzyme gene families in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) Reviewed

    Taro Harada, Itsuku Horiguchi, Sayaka Ueyama, Ai Murai, Chie Tsuzuki

    Phytochemistry   185   112607 - 112607   2021.5

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    Authorship:Lead author, Corresponding author   Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Elsevier BV  

    DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112607

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  • An Interdisciplinary Approach for ESD-oriented Understanding of Natural Environmental Systems through Collaboration between Meteorology and Botany: Practical Trials in University Classes

    Taro Harada, Kuranoshin Kato

    Bulletin of Center for Teacher Education and Development, Okayama University   11   149 - 163   2021.3

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    Authorship:Lead author, Corresponding author   Language:Japanese   Publishing type:Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)  

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  • Anoxia tolerance of the rhizomes of three Japanese Iris species with different habitat Reviewed

    Haruna Itogawa, Taro Harada

    Aquatic Botany   167   103276 - 103276   2020.10

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    Authorship:Corresponding author   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Elsevier BV  

    DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2020.103276

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  • Thermal Control Suitable for Increasing Petals in Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn Reviewed

    Kyoko Kawakatsu, Taro Harada, Ayuko Ushio, Mitsuru Dozono, Naoko Fukuta

    HORTICULTURE JOURNAL   87 ( 3 )   395 - 405   2018.7

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:JAPAN SOC HORTICULTURAL SCI  

    The number of petals in a flower is one of the most important appearance qualities of ornamental flowers. In Eustoma, the number of petals fluctuates significantly and little is known about how it is controlled. We investigated the cultivating conditions that affect the number of petals in double flowers and tried to develop a technique for growing splendid corolla. High temperature in the reproductive phase reduces the number of petals. The transient treatment of high temperature just prior to the petal initiation stage is sufficient to control such a reduction. The measurement of flower bud growth showed that one week of temperature treatment is necessary to control the number of petals in a flower. The integration of our results demonstrated that both daytime and nighttime temperatures affected the number of petals and that the number of petals was clearly correlated with average daily temperature within the range of 20 degrees C < x < 25 degrees C. This phenomenon applies to various cultivars in Eustoma grandiflorum. We propose the greenhouse conditions necessary to achieve both high quality flowers and reduced energy consumption by considering the temperature and stages of flower development.

    DOI: 10.2503/hortj.OKD-138

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  • Effects of Neutralized Schwertmannite from the Disused Yanahara Mine as a New Agricultural Material for Reducing the Transfer of Radiocesium from Soil to Crops Reviewed

    Teruhiko Ishikawa, Taro Harada, Fumio Akahori, Yasumasa Sakurai

    JARQ-JAPAN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH QUARTERLY   50 ( 3 )   235 - 240   2016.7

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:JAPAN INT RESEARCH CENTER AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES  

    Following the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, agricultural fields in Fukushima Prefecture were subject to severe radioactive contamination. Given the fact that radiocesium is readily transferred along the food chain and potentially poses a radiation risk to humans, effective methods of lowering the transfer of radioactivity from soil to crops are needed. We examined the effect of neutralized schwertmannite (NS) produced in the disused Yanahara mine as a new agricultural material for reducing radiocesium uptake by crops. The application of NS to soil at 1% or 5% showed inhibitory effects on radiocesium accumulation in the harvests of four upland crops (sweet potato, radish, turnip, and Chinese cabbage) and rice. Substantial amounts of radiocesium were detected in brown rice and hulls following cultivation in soil with recommended levels of exchangeable potassium (&gt; 200 mg kg(-1)). Decreased levels of radiocesium were observed in both tissues following the application of 5% NS, suggesting additional effects of NS application in potassium-rich soil. Our results indicated the efficacy of NS application and suggest its practical use in minimizing the radioactivity in crops cultivated in radiocesium-contaminated soil.

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  • Effects of Long-Day Treatment Using Fluorescent Lamps and Supplemental Lighting Using White LEDs on the Yield of Cut Rose Flowers Reviewed

    Taro Harada, Tomoyuki Komagata

    JARQ-JAPAN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH QUARTERLY   48 ( 4 )   443 - 448   2014.10

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    Authorship:Lead author, Corresponding author   Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:JAPAN INT RESEARCH CENTER AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES  

    During arching cultivation of roses in autumn and winter, long-day treatment using fluorescent lamps placed above the base of the plants slightly increased the number of cut flowers and also tended to increase the cut flower length in the first year. To further investigate these effects, the light condition of assimilation shoots was modified by supplemental lighting using white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) placed above the assimilation shoots. Supplemental lighting at two different levels of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), 100 and 250 mu mol m(-2) s(-1), increased the number of cut flowers from the middle portion of the assimilation shoots, and the total number and weight of cut flowers according to the light intensity. Irradiation at 250 mu mol m(-2) s(-1) PPFD also increased the number of cut flowers over 80 cm long and the length, weight and stem diameter of cut flowers over 60 cm long. Long-day treatment using fluorescent lamps did not affect the number of cut flowers in the second year. These results indicate that long-day treatment using fluorescent lamps can effectively increase the yield of cut rose flowers in some years, while supplemental lighting using white LEDs for assimilation shoots is a method of increasing it more strongly.

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  • Sequence Analysis of the Genome of Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) Reviewed

    Masafumi Yagi, Shunichi Kosugi, Hideki Hirakawa, Akemi Ohmiya, Koji Tanase, Taro Harada, Kyutaro Kishimoto, Masayoshi Nakayama, Kazuo Ichimura, Takashi Onozaki, Hiroyasu Yamaguchi, Nobuhiro Sasaki, Taira Miyahara, Yuzo Nishizaki, Yoshihiro Ozeki, Noriko Nakamura, Takamasa Suzuki, Yoshikazu Tanaka, Shusei Sato, Kenta Shirasawa, Sachiko Isobe, Yoshinori Miyamura, Akiko Watanabe, Shinobu Nakayama, Yoshie Kishida, Mitsuyo Kohara, Satoshi Tabata

    DNA RESEARCH   21 ( 3 )   231 - 241   2014.6

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:OXFORD UNIV PRESS  

    The whole-genome sequence of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) cv. 'Francesco' was determined using a combination of different new-generation multiplex sequencing platforms. The total length of the non-redundant sequences was 568 887 315 bp, consisting of 45 088 scaffolds, which covered 91% of the 622 Mb carnation genome estimated by k-mer analysis. The N50 values of contigs and scaffolds were 16 644 bp and 60 737 bp, respectively, and the longest scaffold was 1 287 144 bp. The average GC content of the contig sequences was 36%. A total of 1050, 13, 92 and 143 genes for tRNAs, rRNAs, snoRNA and miRNA, respectively, were identified in the assembled genomic sequences. For protein-encoding genes, 43 266 complete and partial gene structures excluding those in transposable elements were deduced. Gene coverage was similar to 98%, as deduced from the coverage of the core eukaryotic genes. Intensive characterization of the assigned carnation genes and comparison with those of other plant species revealed characteristic features of the carnation genome. The results of this study will serve as a valuable resource for fundamental and applied research of carnation, especially for breeding new carnation varieties.

    DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dst053

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  • Role of ABA in Triggering Ethylene Production in the Gynoecium of Senescing Carnation Flowers: Changes in ABA Content and Expression of Genes for ABA Biosynthesis and Action Reviewed

    Yoshihiro Nomura, Taro Harada, Shigeto Morita, Satoshi Kubota, Masaji Koshioka, Hiroyasu Yamaguchi, Koji Tanase, Masafumi Yagi, Takashi Onozaki, Shigeru Satoh

    JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE   82 ( 3 )   242 - 254   2013.7

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:JAPAN SOC HORTICULTURAL SCI  

    In senescing carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) flowers, ethylene production begins in the gynoecium, and the resulting ethylene acts on petals, inducing autocatalytic ethylene production. We investigated the role of abscisic acid (ABA) in ethylene production in the gynoecium of flowers. First, cDNAs of major genes involved in ABA biosynthesis and signaling were cloned from carnation flower tissues. Then, changes in ABA content and gene expression of ABA biosynthesis and signaling in the ovary were examined using three cultivars, 'Light Pink Barbara (LPB)' and 'Excerea', whose cut flowers produce ethylene during senescence and have an ordinary vase-life of about one week, and 'Miracle Rouge', whose cut flowers produce no detectable ethylene during senescence and have a vase-life of about three weeks. ABA content in the ovary was 530-710 pmol.g(-1) fresh weight (FW) from Os 2 (early opening stage) to Os 6 (end of opening stage) in 'LPB', and at 200-380 pmol.g(-1) FW in 'Excerea' at the same stages; but 930 pmol.g(-1) FW at Ss 1 (early senescence stage). The ABA content remained at 70-160 pmol.g(-1) FW in 'Miracle Rouge'. The changes in ABA content were in parallel with the transcript levels of DcNCED1 (carnation gene for 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase). DcPYR1 (ABA receptor gene) transcript was 0.004-0.007 relative expression level (r.e.l.) in 'LPB' ovary at Os 1-Os 3, and 0.028 r.e.l. at Ss 1 (beginning of senescence stage). In 'Excerea' ovary,DcPYR1 transcript was 0.025-0.037 r.e.l. during flower opening and higher at Ss 1. By contrast, DcPYR1 transcript remained at 0.002-0.006 r.e.l. in 'Miracle Rouge' ovary during flower opening and senescence. The transcripts of DcACS1, the key gene for ethylene biosynthesis, were detected at Ss 1 in 'LPB', and at Ss 2 in 'Excerea', but not in 'Miracle Rouge' throughout flower opening and senescence stages. These findings suggest that ABA plays a causal role in inducing the expression of the DcACS1 gene in the gynoecium, leading to ethylene biosynthesis, and that both the ABA content and DcPYR1 expression must be above putative threshold levels for ABA to exert its action.

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  • Cloning and Expression of cDNAs for Biosynthesis of Very-long-chain Fatty Acids, the Precursors for Cuticular Wax Formation, in Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) Petals Reviewed

    Masaya Kawarada, Yoshihiro Nomura, Taro Harada, Shigeto Morita, Takehiro Masumura, Hiroyasu Yamaguchi, Koji Tanase, Masafumi Yagi, Takashi Onozaki, Shigeru Satoh

    JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE   82 ( 2 )   161 - 169   2013.4

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:JAPAN SOC HORTICULTURAL SCI  

    The cuticle, composed of cutin and associated waxes, probably acts as a barrier against water evaporation from the epidermal surface of flower petals. Cuticle formation begins with the biosynthesis of very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs), catalyzed by a fatty acid elongase complex in epidermal cells. In the present study, cDNAs were cloned and analyzed for three enzymes (DcKCR1,DcHCD1, and DcECR1). Combined with the previously obtained cDNA for DcKCS1, the present study completes the identification of cDNAs for the fatty acid elongase complex in 'Light Pink Barbara' carnation for the first time. DcKCS1 transcripts were accumulated at flower opening stage (Os) 2 through Os 6 (full opening stage) with slight changes, but decreased markedly at senescence stage (Ss) 2 and Ss 4. Also, transcripts for DcKCR1, DcHCD1, and DcECR1 were present in considerable amounts during flower opening stages from Os 2 to Os 6. These findings suggested that the expressions of four genes are active during flower opening stage, which is concomitant with the expansion growth in petals requiring rapid formation of a waxy cuticle. Cut flowers of 'Miracle Rouge' carnation have an extremely long vase-life of about three weeks. The cuticle layer on the epidermal cells of 'Miracle Rouge' petals was thinner than that of 'Light Pink Barbara' petals, and 'Miracle Rouge' flowers had a depressed expression of DcKCS1,DcKCR1, and DcHCD1 in petals. These findings suggested that the prolonged vase-life of 'Miracle Rouge' flowers is not related to cuticle formation.

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  • Cloning, Characterization and Expression of Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) Ubiquitin Genes and Their Use as a Normalization Standard for Gene Expression Analysis in Senescing Petals Reviewed

    Yoshihiro Nomura, Shigeto Morita, Taro Harada, Shigeru Satoh

    JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE   81 ( 4 )   357 - 365   2012.10

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:JAPAN SOC HORTICULTURAL SCI  

    We cloned seven cDNAs coding for ubiquitin (polyubiquitin) (DcUbq1-7) from car-tuition petals: DcUbq1, 2, 3 encoded polyubiquitins consisting of five ubiquitin monomers; DcUbq4, three monomers and DcUbq5, 6, 7, a monomer. The 3'-UTR nucleotide sequences were separated into three groups; two were specific to DcUbq1 and DcUbq2, respectively, and the third was almost always common to other genes (DcUbq3-7). The transcript levels of DcUbq1 and DcUbq2 in petals fluctuated during flower opening, whereas those of DcUbq3-7 remained unchanged except for an increase in the last stage. On the other hand, during flower senescence, the transcript levels of DcUbq1 and DcUbq2 increased at later stages, and those of DcUbq3-7 remained almost constant during the process. Based on these findings, we suggest an association of ubiquitin gene expression with petal growth during flower opening and petal wilting during the senescence of carnation flowers through the degradation of specific proteins by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Furthermore, we showed the successful use of DcUby3-7 transcripts as a normalizing standard in the determination of transcript levels of a target gene in senescing carnation petals, where massive degradation of RNA, such as actin mRNA and rRNA, usually occurs, causing inaccuracy in the estimation of transcript levels of interest.

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  • Early Flowering and Increased Expression of a FLOWERING LOCUS T-like Gene in Chrysanthemum Transformed with a Mutated Ethylene Receptor Gene mDG-ERS1(etr1-4) Reviewed

    Shigeto Morita, Yuino Murakoshi, Ai Hojo, Keiko Chisaka, Taro Harada, Shigeru Satoh

    JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOLOGY   55 ( 5 )   398 - 405   2012.10

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:SPRINGER HEIDELBERG  

    Ethylene has an inhibitory effect on flowering in a short-day (SD) plant chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.). In this study, we used a hexaploid chrysanthemum 'Sei-Marine' and found that its transgenic lines transformed with a mutated ethylene receptor gene mDG-ERS1(etr1-4), which conferred reduced ethylene sensitivity (J. Plant Biol. 51: 424-427, 2008), opened flowers earlier than the non-transformed control. We examined whether the accelerated flower induction in the transformant occurred through the enhanced expression of chrysanthemum genes homologous to FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), a floral inducer gene in Arabidopsis. We cloned three cDNAs for FT homologs (CmFTL1, CmFTL2, and CmFTL3) from 'Sei-Marine'. CmFTL2 putatively encodes a non-functional gene product due to a frame shift caused by a 2 bp-deletion in the coding region. RT-PCR analysis revealed differential expression patterns of CmFTL genes in the transgenic and control lines, suggesting that these genes might be under the control of ethylene. CmFTL1/2 mRNA level was lower in a SD condition than a long-day (LD) condition. CmFTL3 mRNA accumulated abundantly under SD condition as compared with LD condition in the transgenic line. These results suggest the association of increased expression of CmFTL3 gene with the accelerated flowering in the transgenic line with reduced ethylene sensitivity.

    DOI: 10.1007/s12374-012-0109-8

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  • Possible Origin of Two Variants of a Carnation 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate Synthase Gene, DcACS1a and DcACS1b, as Suggested by Intron Structure in Homologous Genes in Dianthus Species Reviewed

    Shigeru Satoh, Na Meng, Taro Harada, Yoshihiro Nomura, Masaya Kawarada, Shigeto Morita

    JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE   80 ( 4 )   443 - 451   2011.10

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:JAPAN SOC HORTICULTURAL SCI  

    The intron structures of two variants of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACS) genes (DcACS1a and DcACS1b) in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) and genes homologous to them (ACS1 homologous genes) in other 110 Dianthus species (16 strains in total) were studied by comparing the sizes of the PCR amplificates and nucleotide sequence of the introns. All 16 sequenced homologous ACS1 genes, including DcACS1 genes themselves, had five exons and four introns. The exons had similar nucleotide sequences and consequently similar deduced amino-acid sequences.. The sizes of three introns (intron-1, -2, -3) were variable among the homologous genes, whereas that of the fourth intron (intron-4) was almost identical. The variation in introns was probably caused by the insertion (and deletion) of nucleotide fragments of given lengths. Interestingly, the 3'-UTR of DcACS1a was different from that of DcACS1b, and the latter was similar to other 14 ACS1 homologous genes. Moreover, the length of Thr repeat in the C-terminal region was long in DcACS1a protein but short in DcACS1b protein, and the latter resembled ACS1 homologous proteins in other Dianthus species. The present findings suggest that (1) the variation in intron structure between two variants of carnation DcACS1 is reminiscent of the variation that occurred universally in Dianthus species, (2) DcACS1a is probably a gene intrinsic to carnation, and (3) DcACS1b was acquired from another, as yet unknown, Dianthus species, in the course of breeding modern carnal ion cultivars.

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  • Cloning and Characterization of a cDNA Encoding Sucrose Synthase Associated with Flower Opening through Early Senescence in Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) Reviewed

    Shigeto Morita, Yuka Torii, Taro Harada, Masaya Kawarada, Reiko Onodera, Shigeru Satoh

    JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE   80 ( 3 )   358 - 364   2011.7

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:JAPAN SOC HORTICULTURAL SCI  

    Flower opening in carnations (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) is the result of the enlargement of petal cells, which requires sugar metabolism. A cDNA encoding sucrose synthase (DcSUS1) was isolated from carnation petals as a candidate gene acting in the initial step of sugar metabolism in petal cells. DcSUS1 transcripts were detected abundantly in floral tissues of flowering carnation plants; the transcripts accumulated most in the petals and style followed by the ovary, whereas only small accumulation were found in stems, leaves, and calyces. Moreover, nearly constant accumulation of DcSUS1 transcripts was found in the petals during flower opening, fully open, and early senescence periods, whereas decreasing accumulation was detected in petals when senescence progressed. These findings suggested the involvement of DcSUS1 expression in petal cell growth during the opening of carnation flowers.

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  • Analysis of genomic DNA of DcACS1, a 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase gene, expressed in senescing petals of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) and its orthologous genes in D. superbus var. longicalycinus Reviewed

    Taro Harada, Yuino Murakoshi, Yuka Torii, Koji Tanase, Takashi Onozaki, Shigeto Morita, Takehiro Masumura, Shigeru Satoh

    PLANT CELL REPORTS   30 ( 4 )   519 - 527   2011.4

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    Authorship:Lead author   Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:SPRINGER  

    Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) flowers exhibit climacteric ethylene production followed by petal wilting, a senescence symptom. DcACS1, which encodes 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACS), is a gene involved in this phenomenon. We determined the genomic DNA structure of DcACS1 by genomic PCR. In the genome of &apos;Light Pink Barbara&apos;, we found two distinct nucleotide sequences: one corresponding to the gene previously shown as DcACS1, designated here as DcACS1a, and the other novel one designated as DcACS1b. It was revealed that both DcACS1a and DcACS1b have five exons and four introns. These two genes had almost identical nucleotide sequences in exons, but not in some introns and 3&apos;-UTR. Analysis of transcript accumulation revealed that DcACS1b is expressed in senescing petals as well as DcACS1a. Genomic PCR analysis of 32 carnation cultivars showed that most cultivars have only DcACS1a and some have both DcACS1a and DcACS1b. Moreover, we found two DcACS1 orthologous genes with different nucleotide sequences from D. superbus var. longicalycinus, and designated them as DsuACS1a and DsuACS1b. Petals of D. superbus var. longicalycinus produced ethylene in response to exogenous ethylene, accompanying accumulation of DsuACS1 transcripts. These data suggest that climacteric ethylene production in flowers was genetically established before the cultivation of carnation.

    DOI: 10.1007/s00299-010-0962-1

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  • Cloning, characterization, and expression of xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase and expansin genes associated with petal growth and development during carnation flower opening Reviewed

    Taro Harada, Yuka Torii, Shigeto Morita, Reiko Onodera, Yoshinao Hara, Ryusuke Yokoyama, Kazuhiko Nishitani, Shigeru Satoh

    JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY   62 ( 2 )   815 - 823   2011.1

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    Authorship:Lead author   Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:OXFORD UNIV PRESS  

    Growth of petal cells is a basis for expansion and morphogenesis (outward bending) of petals during opening of carnation flowers (Dianthus caryophyllus L.). Petal growth progressed through elongation in the early stage, expansion with outward bending in the middle stage, and expansion of the whole area in the late stage of flower opening. In the present study, four cDNAs encoding xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH) (DcXTH1-DcXTH4) and three cDNAs encoding expansin (DcEXPA1-DcEXPA3) were cloned from petals of opening carnation flowers and characterized. Real-time reverse transcription-PCR analyses showed that transcript levels of XTH and expansin genes accumulated differently in floral and vegetative tissues of carnation plants with opening flowers, indicating regulated expression of these genes. DcXTH2 and DcXTH3 transcripts were detected in large quantities in petals as compared with other tissues. DcEXPA1 and DcEXPA2 transcripts were markedly accumulated in petals of opening flowers. The action of XTH in growing petal tissues was confirmed by in situ staining of xyloglucan endotransglucosylase (XET) activity using a rhodamine-labelled xyloglucan nonasaccharide as a substrate. Based on the present findings, it is suggested that two XTH genes (DcXTH2 and DcXTH3) and two expansin genes (DcEXPA1 and DcEXPA2) are associated with petal growth and development during carnation flower opening.

    DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erq319

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  • Biological implications of the occurrence of 32 members of the XTH (xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase) family of proteins in the bryophyte Physcomitrella patens Reviewed

    Ryusuke Yokoyama, Yohei Uwagaki, Hiroki Sasaki, Taro Harada, Yuji Hiwatashi, Mitsuyasu Hasebe, Kazuhiko Nishitani

    PLANT JOURNAL   64 ( 4 )   645 - 656   2010.11

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:WILEY-BLACKWELL  

    P&gt;This comprehensive overview of the xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH) family of genes and proteins in bryophytes, based on research using genomic resources that are newly available for the moss Physcomitrella patens, provides new insights into plant evolution. In angiosperms, the XTH genes are found in large multi-gene families, probably reflecting the diverse roles of individual XTHs in various cell types. As there are fewer cell types in P. patens than in angiosperms such as Arabidopsis and rice, it is tempting to deduce that there are fewer XTH family genes in bryophytes. However, the present study unexpectedly identified as many as 32 genes that potentially encode XTH family proteins in the genome of P. patens, constituting a fairly large multi-gene family that is comparable in size with those of Arabidopsis and rice. In situ localization of xyloglucan endotransglucosylase activity in this moss indicates that some P. patens XTH proteins exhibit biochemical functions similar to those found in angiosperms, and that their expression profiles are tissue-dependent. However, comparison of structural features of families of XTH genes between P. patens and angiosperms demonstrated the existence of several bryophyte-specific XTH genes with distinct structural and functional features that are not found in angiosperms. These bryophyte-specific XTH genes might have evolved to meet morphological and functional needs specific to the bryophyte. These findings raise interesting questions about the biological implications of the XTH family of proteins in non-seed plants.

    DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2010.04351.x

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  • Differential expression of genes identified by suppression subtractive hybridization in petals of opening carnation flowers Reviewed

    Taro Harada, Yuka Torii, Shigeto Morita, Takehiro Masumura, Shigeru Satoh

    JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY   61 ( 9 )   2345 - 2354   2010.5

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    Flower opening is an event accompanied by morphological changes in petals which include elongation, expansion, and outward-curving. Petal cell growth is a fundamental process that underlies such phenomena, but its molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. Suppression subtractive hybridization was performed between petals during the early elongation period (stage 1) and during the opening period (stage 5) in carnation flowers and a pair of subtraction libraries abundant in differentially expressed genes was constructed at each stage. 393 cDNA clones picked up by differential screening out of 1728 clones were sequenced and 235 different cDNA fragments were identified, among which 211 did not match any known nucleotide sequence of carnation genes in the databases. BLASTX search of nucleotide sequences revealed that putative functions of the translational products can be classified into several categories including transcription, signalling, cell wall modification, lipid metabolism, and transport. Open reading frames of 15 selected genes were successfully determined by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). Time-course analysis of these genes by real-time RT-PCR showed that transcript levels of several genes correlatively fluctuate in petals of opening carnation flowers, suggesting an association with the morphological changes by elongation or curving. Based on the results, it is suggested that the growth of carnation petals is controlled by co-ordinated gene expression during the progress of flower opening. In addition, the possible roles of some key genes in the initiation of cell growth, the construction of the cell wall and cuticle, and transport across membranes were discussed.

    DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erq064

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  • Anoxia-enhanced expression of genes isolated by suppression subtractive hybridization from pondweed (Potamogeton distinctus A. Benn.) turions Reviewed

    Taro Harada, Shigeru Satoh, Toshihito Yoshioka, Kimiharu Ishizawa

    PLANTA   226 ( 4 )   1041 - 1052   2007.9

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    Pondweed (Potamogeton distinctus A. Benn.), a monocot aquatic plant species, has turions, which are overwintering buds forming underground as an asexual reproductive organ. Turions not only survive for more than one month but also elongate under strict anoxia, maintaining high-energy charge by activation of fermentation. We cloned 82 cDNA fragments of genes, that are up-regulated during anoxic growth of pondweed turions, by suppression subtractive hybridization. The transcript levels of 44 genes were confirmed to be higher under anoxia than those in air by both Northern blot analysis and a semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. A homology search for their nucleotide sequences revealed that some of them are highly homologous to known sequences of genes from other plants. They included alcohol dehydrogenase, pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), vacuolar H+-translocating pyrophosphatase and a plasma membrane intrinsic protein. Time courses of transcript accumulation of some genes under anoxia were different from those in air. The activity of PDC increased under anoxic conditions but the activities of GAPDH and pyrophosphatase remained constant after anoxic treatment. Anoxically up-regulated genes are possibly involved in physiological events to control energy production, pH regulation and cell growth under anoxia. These results suggest that transcriptional regulation of these genes serves as an essential part of survival and growth of pondweed turions under anoxia.

    DOI: 10.1007/s00425-007-0537-8

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  • Mechanisms of anoxia-tolerance in pondweed (Potamogeton distinctus A. Benn.) turions

    Taro Harada

    Tohoku University   2007.3

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  • Expression of sucrose synthase genes involved in enhanced elongation of pondweed (Potamogeton distinctus) turions under anoxia Reviewed

    T Harada, S Satoh, T Yoshioka, K Ishizawa

    ANNALS OF BOTANY   96 ( 4 )   683 - 692   2005.9

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    Background and Aims Overwintering buds (turions) of the monocot aquatic pondweed species (Potamogeton distinctus) are highly tolerant to anoxic stress. Sucrose metabolism accompanied by enhanced activity of sucrose synthase (SuSy) operates actively during anaerobic elongation of pondweed turions. The aim of this study is to isolate SuSy genes from the turions and to investigate their transcriptional changes in response to anoxia and other stimuli.
    Methods SuSy genes were isolated from pondweed turions by PCR methods and transcript levels of SuSy genes were examined in response to anoxia, sugars and plant hormones. In addition, the effects of anoxia on SuSy activity were examined both in the soluble fraction and in the microsomal fraction.
    Key Results cDNAs of two SuSy genes (PdSUS1 and PdSUS2) were cloned from pondweed turions. The levels of PdSUS1 transcripts increased under anoxia but did not with sugar treatments. Anoxia-stimulated elongation of turions was further enhanced by 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and suppressed by treatments with sorbitol, 2-deoxyglucose (2-dGlc) and abscisic acid (ABA). The levels of PdSUS1 transcripts were increased by 2,4-D and decreased by sorbitol under anoxia. The levels of PdSUS2 transcripts were not significantly affected by anoxia and any other treatments. SuSy activity of turions under anoxia was enhanced in the soluble fraction, but not in the microsomal fraction.
    Conclusions Up-regulation of PdSUS1 transcription under anoxia may not be attributed to sugar starvation under anoxia. A positive correlation between stem elongation and the level of PdSUS1 transcripts was observed in turions treated with anoxic conditions, 2,4-D and sorbitol. The increase in SuSy activity in the cytosol may contribute to sugar metabolism and sustain stem elongation under anoxia.

    DOI: 10.1093/aob/mci220

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  • Anaerobic responses and initial growth in overwintering organs for vegetative reproduction of weeds in paddy fields Reviewed

    Taro Harada, Ryuto Ookawara, Toshihito Yoshioka, Shigeru Satoh, Kimiharu Ishizawa

    Tohoku Weed Journal   5 ( 5 )   29 - 35   2005.8

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  • Starch degradation and sucrose metabolism during anaerobic growth of pondweed (Potamogeton distinctus A. Benn.) turions Reviewed

    Taro Harada, Kimiharu Ishizawa

    Plant and Soil   253 ( 1 )   125 - 135   2003.1

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    DOI: 10.1023/A:1024585015697

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  • Growth and metabolism of pondweed (Potamogeton distinctus A. Benn.) turions surviving in anaerobic environments Reviewed

    Tatsuhisa Sato, Taro Harada, Kenichi Satoh, Kimiharu Ishizawa

    Tohoku Weed Journal   2 ( 2 )   24 - 33   2002.9

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  • Stimulation of glycolysis in anaerobic elongation of pondweed (Potamogeton distinctus) turions Reviewed

    T Sato, T Harada, K Ishizawa

    JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY   53 ( 376 )   1847 - 1856   2002.9

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    Stem segments prepared from pondweed (Potamo geton distinctus A. Benn.) turions (overwintering buds) elongate in anaerobic conditions, whereas there is almost no elongation in air. The anaerobic elongation was accompanied by a decrease in dry weights of stem segments, mainly due to consumption of storage starch in the amyloplasts of stem cells. On the other hand, total contents of amino acids increased in stem segments, in which contents of alanine, valine, leucine, and isoleucine increased, but contents of asparatic acid decreased. Moreover, contents of lactate in stem tissues increased at an early stage of anaerobic incubation. In tracer experiments with C-14-glucose, C-14 incorporation into stem tissues in anoxia was only half of that in normoxia. However, conversion of C-14 to ethanol occurred exclusively in anoxia. C-14-labelled metabolites were analysed by two-dimensional cellulose thin-layer chromatography. C-14 incorporation into sucrose and alanine was significantly increased in anoxia. The activity of alanine aminotransferase was enhanced by anoxia, suggesting that pyruvate is a precursor of alanine synthesis. The results suggest that pondweed turions produce energy necessary for anaerobic elongation by activating conversion of storage starch in the amyloplasts to ethanol, alanine and lactate.

    DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erf036

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Books

  • 教育科学を考える

    小川, 容子, 松多, 信尚, 清田, 哲男( Role: Joint author ,  岡大PBL実践の現在 PBLのマネジメント)

    岡山大学出版会  2023.3  ( ISBN:9784904228777

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    Total pages:369p   Language:Japanese

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  • 植物細胞壁

    西谷和彦, 梅澤俊明( Role: Contributor ,  7.1.8 XET活性の可視化)

    講談社サイエンティフィク  2013.3 

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MISC

  • 八重咲きトルコギキョウの花弁数を増加させる温度制御技術

    川勝恭子, 原田太郎, 牛尾亜由子, 道園美弦, 福田直子

    農研機構野菜花き研究部門成果情報(Web)   2018   2018

  • 特集/宮城県の震災復興と施設園芸・植物工場 「白色LEDを用いた補光によりバラの収穫本数が増加」 Invited

    原田太郎

    施設と園芸   161   25   2013.4

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    Authorship:Lead author   Language:Japanese   Publishing type:Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (trade magazine, newspaper, online media)  

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Presentations

  • Identification of AP2 gene family and expression analysis of a PET gene involved in double flower formation in carnation

    Shota Kawaura, Ayuki Tsujimura, Taro Harada

    The 4th Asian Horticultural Congress (AHC2023)  2023.8.30 

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    Event date: 2023.8.28 - 2023.8.31

    Language:English   Presentation type:Poster presentation  

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  • Introduction to botany experiments for science education

    Taro Harada, Khalifatulloh Fiel’ardh

    Core-to-Core Programme Second Joint Seminar, Bridging Ideas Between Asia and Europe for Promoting Education for Sustainable Development in Higher Education  2023.3.14 

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    Event date: 2023.3.13 - 2023.3.17

    Language:English   Presentation type:Symposium, workshop panel (nominated)  

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  • Effects of application of neutralized precipitate from disused Yanahara mine on growth of petunia and Eustoma

    Harada, T, M. Takeda, M. Asagoe, T. Goto, H. Inaya, F. Akahori, S. Kumon, T. Ishikawa

    2022.10 

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    Event date: 2022.10.1

    Language:Japanese   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

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  • Effects of modified atmosphere packaging on opening and senescence of carnation cut flowers

    Maeda, C, N. Harada, M. Nakayama, A. Murai, T. Harada

    2022.10 

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    Event date: 2022.10.1

    Language:Japanese   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

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  • Nurseries of plant biodiversity and the seeds for sustainability in a seminatural environment in Okayama

    Taro Harada

    Core-to-Core Programme Joint Seminar 2022 Bridging Ideas between Asia and Europe for Promoting Education for Sustainable Development in Higher Education  2022.9 

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    Event date: 2022.9.14 - 2022.9.17

    Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

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  • Genome-wide analysis of genes related to postharvest physiology in carnation

    Taro Harada, Ryota Ichikawa, Sayaka Ueyama, Itsuku Horiguchi

    The 3rd Asian Horticultural Congress  2020.12 

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    Event date: 2020.12.15 - 2020.12.17

    Language:English   Presentation type:Poster presentation  

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  • Potential of floriculture as a bridge between plant science and education for sustainable development

    Ryota Ichikawa, Ai Murai, Korehito Arashiro, Minami Iwamuro, Misaki Nakayama, Kaori Tamura, Yuri Moritoki, Taro Harada

    2019 Global Conference on Teacher Education for Education for Sustainable Development  2019.11 

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    Event date: 2019.11.22 - 2019.11.25

    Language:English   Presentation type:Poster presentation  

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  • Enhancement in anoxia tolerance of tobacco BY-2 cells overexpressed a sucrose synthase gene (PdSUS1) of pondweed (Tolerant to anoxia)

    Taro Harada, Ryusuke Yokoyama, Kazuhiko Nishitani, Kimiharu Ishizawa

    PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY  2007  OXFORD UNIV PRESS

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    Event date: 2007

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  • Induction of sucrose synthase and its roles during anaerobic growth in pondweed turions

    T Harada, S Satoh, T Yoshioka, K Ishizawa

    PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY  2004  OXFORD UNIV PRESS

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    Event date: 2004

    Language:English  

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  • A role of sucrose metabolism during anaerobic growth of pondweed (Potamogeton distinctus A. Benn)

    T Harada, K Ishizawa

    PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY  2003  OXFORD UNIV PRESS

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    Event date: 2003

    Language:English  

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  • カーネーションのエチレン依存性花弁老化に関与するエチレン応答因子遺伝子の同定

    市川涼太, 原田太郎

    園芸学会令和元年度秋季大会  2019.9 

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  • カーネーションのグループVIIエチレン応答因子遺伝子のガス環境応答性

    原田太郎, 植山沙也香, 市川涼太

    園芸学会平成31年度春季大会  2019.3 

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  • カーネーションのスクロース分解酵素遺伝子ファミリーの網羅的解析

    原田太郎, 堀口慈, 植山沙也香, 都築知恵

    園芸学会平成30年度春季大会  2018.3 

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  • トルコギキョウSSRマーカー開発と早晩性に関するQTL探索

    川勝恭子, 八木雅史, 原田太郎, 伊藤剛, 熊谷真彦, 伊藤龍太郎, 沼寿隆, 片寄裕一, 金森裕之, 栗田加奈子, 福田直子

    園芸学会平成29年度秋季大会  2017.9 

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  • Development of SSR markers and QTL analysis for flowering time in Eustoma International conference

    Kawakatsu Kyoko, Yagi Masafumi, Harada Taro, Itoh Tsuyoshi, Kumagai Masahiko, Itoh Ryutaro, Numa Hisataka, Katayose Yuichi, Kanamori Hiroyuki, Kurita Kanako, Fukuta Naoko

    4th International Symposium on Molecular Markers in Horticulture  2017.3 

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  • 柵原休鉱山由来中和シュベルトマナイト施用による農作物への放射性セシウム移行抑制

    原田太郎, 石川彰彦, 赤堀文雄, 櫻井康祐

    日本生物環境工学会2016年大会  2016.9 

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  • トルコギキョウ花弁数に対する昼夜温の影響

    川勝恭子, 原田太郎, 牛尾亜由子, 福田直子

    園芸学会平成28年度春季大会  2016.3 

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  • 温度および灌水条件が栄養成長期におけるトルコギキョウの糖含量およびインベルターゼ活性に及ぼす影響

    原田太郎, 牛尾亜由子, 福田直子

    園芸学会平成26年度春季大会  2014.3 

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  • カーネーションのゲノム解読

    八木雅史, 小杉俊一, 平川英樹, 大宮あけみ, 棚瀬幸司, 原田太郎, 岸本久太郎, 中山真義, 市村一雄, 小野崎隆, 山口博康, 佐々木伸大, 宮原平, 西崎雄三

    園芸学会平成26年度春季大会  2014.3 

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  • 高効率白色LEDによる補光がバラ・トルコギキョウの生育・切り花品質に及ぼす影響

    原田太郎, 駒形智幸

    園芸学会平成25年度春季大会  2013.3 

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Industrial property rights

  • 重金属の固定化方法および植物への重金属移行抑制方法

    赤堀文雄, 石川彰彦, 原田太郎

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    Application no:特願2016-182635  Date applied:2016.9.20

    Patent/Registration no:特許第6716407号  Date registered:2020.6.12 

    Rights holder:DOWAホールディングス株式会社,国立大学法人岡山大学

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Awards

  • Presentation Award

    2023.7   Effects of modified atmosphere packaging on opening and senescence of carnation cut flowers

    Chiho Maeda, Nao Harada, Misaki Nakayama, Ai Murai, Taro Harada

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  • Travel Award for Early-Career Researcher

    2004.9   International Society for Plant Anaerobiosis  

    原田太郎

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Research Projects

  • Mechanisms of petal formation explored by functional differentiation of AP2 genes in carnation

    Grant number:22K05631  2022.04 - 2025.03

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

    原田 太郎

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    Grant amount:\4030000 ( Direct expense: \3100000 、 Indirect expense:\930000 )

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  • Formation of Center of Excellence to Promote Teacher Education for ESD: Toward Achieving SDGs

    2021.04 - 2025.03

    日本学術振興会  研究拠点形成事業ーA. 先端拠点形成型ー 

    Hiroki Fujii

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  • SDGs達成に向けたESDの教師教育の機関包括型アプローチの指標開発

    2021.04 - 2023.03

    日本学術振興会  二国間交流事業共同研究・セミナー 

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  • Postgenomic study on postharvest physiology of carnation opened up by ethylene response factors

    Grant number:19K06034  2019.04 - 2022.03

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

    HARADA Taro

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    Authorship:Principal investigator 

    Grant amount:\4290000 ( Direct expense: \3300000 、 Indirect expense:\990000 )

    In this study, the ethylene response factor (ERF) gene family in carnation was analyzed with the whole genome information. First, the ERF members that show responses to ethylene were identified by gene expression analyses. Second, involvement of an ethylene response element (ERE) in the ethylene induction of DcERF4 was investigated by promoter assays. Third, based on the knowledge that ERF is an important factor in oxygen sensing mechanism in plant, experimental systems for modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) of carnation florets were established, and differentially expressed genes (DEG) during ethylene-dependent petal senescence and during preservation of florets under MAP were analyzed and compared by RNA-Seq.

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  • 柵原休鉱山の中和澱物が植物に与える影響調査と産業資材への展開可能性研究

    2017.04 - 2024.03

    DOWAホールディングス株式会社  共同研究

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  • 柵原休鉱山の中和澱物が植物に与える影響調査とそのメカニズムの解明

    2016.04 - 2017.03

    DOWAホールディングス株式会社  共同研究

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  • 花きの生育・開花におけるスクロース代謝関連遺伝子の環境応答性と機能の解析

    2014.04 - 2017.03

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業 若手研究(B) 

    原田太郎

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  • レーザーキャプチャーマイクロダイセクションを用いた花弁内組織別遺伝子発現解析

    2010.04 - 2012.03

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業 若手研究(B) 

    原田太郎

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  • Special Studies in Educational Science(Plant Sciences A): Seminar (2022academic year) 1st-4th semester  - その他

  • Special Studies in Educational Science(Plant Sciences B): Seminar (2022academic year) 1st-4th semester  - その他

  • Special Studies in Educational Science(Plant Sciences IIA) (2022academic year) Third semester  - 火5,火6

  • Special Studies in Educational Science(Plant Sciences IIB) (2022academic year) Fourth semester  - 火5,火6

  • Project Research in Educational Science (2022academic year) 1st-4th semester  - その他

  • Botany (1) (2022academic year) 1st semester  - 金1,金2

  • Botany (2) (2022academic year) Second semester  - 金1,金2

  • Plant Biology Laboratory (2022academic year) special  - その他

  • Substance, Life, Earth and Environmental Sciences (2022academic year) Fourth semester  - その他

  • Biology in Basic Sciences (2022academic year) 1st semester  - 月7,月8

  • Basic Science(Biology) (2022academic year) 1st semester  - 月7,月8

  • Biology Laboratory B (2022academic year) 1st semester  - 火5,火6,火7,火8

  • Basic Biology B (2022academic year) Fourth semester  - 金1,金2

  • Secondary Education Science Content Construction Ⅱ (2021academic year) Second semester  - 火1~2

  • Secondary Education Science Content Construction Ⅳ (2021academic year) 3rd and 4th semester  - その他

  • Applied Biology B (2021academic year) 1st-4th semester  - その他

  • Botany Ⅰ (2021academic year) 1st semester  - 金1,金2

  • Botany Ⅱ (2021academic year) Second semester  - 金1,金2

  • Plant Biology Laboratory (2021academic year) 1st-4th semester  - その他

  • Biology Laboratory B (2021academic year) 1st semester  - 火5,火6,火7,火8

  • An Introduction to Biology B (2021academic year) Fourth semester  - 金1,金2

  • Studies in Biological Contents for Secondary Science Education B (2021academic year) Second semester  - 木7,木8

  • Biological-Content Based Development for Secondaly Science Education B (2021academic year) 3rd and 4th semester  - その他

  • Primary Education Science Content Construction (2021academic year) 3rd and 4th semester  - その他

  • Content Studies in Science for Elementary Education A (2021academic year) Third semester  - 火3,火4

  • Primary Education Science Content Teaching (2021academic year) Third semester  - 火3,火4

  • applied BiologyB (2021academic year) special  - その他

  • Seminar in Teaching Profession Practice (Elementary school) (2021academic year) 1st-4th semester  - 水7,水8

  • Special Studies in Educational Science(Plant Sciences A): Seminar (2021academic year) 1st-4th semester  - その他

  • Special Studies in Educational Science(Plant Sciences B): Seminar (2021academic year) 1st-4th semester  - その他

  • Special Studies in Educational Science(Plant Sciences IA) (2021academic year) Third semester  - 火5,火6

  • Special Studies in Educational Science(Plant Sciences IB) (2021academic year) Fourth semester  - 火5,火6

  • Project Research in Educational Science (2021academic year) 1st-4th semester  - その他

  • Botany (1) (2021academic year) 1st semester  - 金1,金2

  • Botany (2) (2021academic year) Second semester  - 金1,金2

  • Plant Biology Laboratory (2021academic year) special  - その他

  • Climate and Plants (An Interdisciplinary Study on Natural Environment System) (2021academic year) Second semester  - 火7~8

  • Biology in Basic Sciences (2021academic year) 1st semester  - 月7,月8

  • Basic Science(Biology) (2021academic year) 1st semester  - 月7,月8

  • Biology Laboratory B (2021academic year) 1st semester  - 火5,火6,火7,火8

  • Basic Biology B (2021academic year) Fourth semester  - 金1,金2

  • Field Challenge A (2020academic year) special  - その他

  • Field Challenge A (2020academic year) special  - その他

  • Field Challenge A (2020academic year) 1st-4th semester  - その他

  • Secondary Education Science Content Construction Ⅱ (2020academic year) Second semester  - 火1,火2

  • Applied Biology B (2020academic year) special  - その他

  • Botany Ⅰ (2020academic year) 1st semester  - 金1,金2

  • Botany Ⅱ (2020academic year) Second semester  - 金1,金2

  • Biology Laboratory B (2020academic year) 1st semester  - 火5,火6,火7,火8

  • An Introduction to Biology B (2020academic year) Fourth semester  - 金1,金2

  • Studies in Biological Contents for Secondary Science Education B (2020academic year) Second semester  - 木7,木8

  • Biological-Content Based Development for Secondaly Science Education B (2020academic year) 3rd and 4th semester  - その他

  • Content Studies in Science for Elementary Education A (2020academic year) Third semester  - 火3,火4

  • Primary Education Science Content Teaching (2020academic year) Third semester  - 火3,火4

  • Approaches to Education (2020academic year) 1st semester  - 火1,火2

  • applied BiologyB (2020academic year) special  - その他

  • Seminar in Teaching Profession Practice (Elementary school) (2020academic year) 1st-4th semester  - 水7,水8

  • Special Studies in Educational Science(Plant Sciences A): Seminar (2020academic year) 1st-4th semester  - その他

  • Special Studies in Educational Science(Plant Sciences B): Seminar (2020academic year) 1st-4th semester  - その他

  • Special Studies in Educational Science(Plant Sciences IIA) (2020academic year) Third semester  - 火5~6

  • Special Studies in Educational Science(Plant Sciences IIB) (2020academic year) Fourth semester  - 火5~6

  • Project Research in Educational Science (2020academic year) 1st-4th semester  - その他

  • Botany (1) (2020academic year) 1st semester  - 金1,金2

  • Botany (2) (2020academic year) Second semester  - 金1,金2

  • Plant Biology Laboratory (2020academic year) special  - その他

  • Climate and Plants (An Interdisciplinary Study on Natural Environment System) (2020academic year) Second semester  - 火7,火8

  • Biology in Basic Sciences (2020academic year) 1st semester  - 月7,月8

  • Basic Science(Biology) (2020academic year) 1st semester  - 月7,月8

  • Biology Laboratory (2020academic year) 1st and 2nd semester  - 火5,火6,火7,火8

  • Biology Laboratory B (2020academic year) 1st semester  - 火5,火6,火7,火8

  • Basic Biology B (2020academic year) Fourth semester  - 金1,金2

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