Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

The major active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3), is known for its wide bioactivity in periodontal tissues. Although the exact mechanisms underlying its protective action against periodontitis remain unclear, recent studies have shown that 1,25D3 regulates autophagy. Autophagy is vital for intracellular pathogen invasion control, inflammation regulation, and bone metabolic balance in periodontal tissue homeostasis, and its regulation could be an interesting pathway for future periodontal studies. Since vitamin D deficiency is a worldwide health problem, its role as a potential regulator of autophagy provides new insights into periodontal diseases. Based on this premise, this narrative literature review aimed to investigate the possible connection between 1,25D3 and autophagy in periodontitis. A comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed using the following keywords (e.g., vitamin D, autophagy, periodontitis, pathogens, epithelial cells, immunity, inflammation, and bone loss). In this review, the latest studies on the protective action of 1,25D3 against periodontitis and the regulation of autophagy by 1,25D3 are summarized, and the potential role of 1,25D3-activated autophagy in the pathogenesis of periodontitis is analyzed. 1,25D3 can exert a protective effect against periodontitis through different signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of periodontitis, and at least part of this regulatory effect is achieved through the activation of the autophagic response. This review will help clarify the relationship between 1,25D3 and autophagy in the homeostasis of periodontal tissues and provide perspectives for researchers to optimize prevention and treatment strategies in the future.

DOI： 10.1186/s12903-023-02802-9

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

The failure of endodontic treatment is directly associated with microbial infection in the root canal or periapical areas. An endodontic sealer that is both bactericidal and biocompatible is essential for the success of root canal treatments. This is one of the vital issues yet to be solved in clinical dental practice. This in vitro study assessed the effectiveness of graphene oxide (GO) composites GO-CaF2 and GO-Ag-CaF2 as endodontic sealer materials. Dentin slices were coated with either the GO-based composites or commonly used root canal sealers (non-eugenol zinc oxide sealer). The coated slices were treated in 0.9% NaCl, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and simulated body fluid (SBF) at 37˚C for 24 hours to compare their sealing effect on the dentin surface. In addition, the radiopacity of these composites was examined to assess whether they complied with the requirements of a sealer for good radiographic visualization. Scanning electron microscopy showed the significant sealing capability of the composites as coating materials. Radiographic images confirmed their radiopacity. Mineral deposition indicated their bioactivity, especially of GO-Ag-CaF2, and thus it is potential for regenerative application. They were both previously shown to be bactericidal to oral microbes and cytocompatible with host cells. With such a unique assemblage of critical properties, these GO-based composites show promise as endodontic sealers for protection against reinfection in root canal treatment and enhanced success in endodontic treatment overall.

DOI： 10.18926/AMO/64122

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

This case report highlights the importance of using a dental operating microscope (DOM) and ultrasonic endodontic tips (UETs) to locate all root canals in the lower first premolar. A 53-year-old woman presented to our clinic with pain in the lower right first premolar. After a detailed search using a DOM and UETs, three root canals were found, prepared with rotary HyFlex endodontic files, and obturated using the lateral condensation technique. At the five-year follow-up after treatment, the tooth was completely restored and fulfilling its function, with no signs or symptoms of any post-treatment flare-up.

DOI： 10.18926/AMO/62778

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

This in vitro study assessed the efficacy of functionalized graphene oxide (f-GO) nanocomposites on the decalcification of dentin, because dental caries of the root surface is becoming one of the new problems in aged society. Hydroxyapatite plates (HAP) and dentin slices were coated with f-GO nanocomposites by comparing them to silver diamine fluoride as a positive control, then treated with decalcification solutions such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and citrate at 37°C for 24 h. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed significant protection of the surface morphology of HAP and dentin. On the other hand, a cariogenic Streptococcus mutans growth was inhibited by f-GO nanocomposites. In addition, cytotoxicity of them to epithelial cells was much less than that of povidone-iodine, which is commonly used for oral disinfectant. We synthesized 5 different f-GO nanocomposites such as GO-silver (Ag), GO-Ag-calcium fluoride (CaF2), GO-CaF2, GO-zinc, and GO-tricalcium phosphate (Ca3(PO4)2). They were standardized by evaluating under SEM, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), and Raman spectra after being synthesized in an aseptic technique. The abilities of GO-Ag, GO-Ag-CaF2, and GO-CaF2 nanocomposites were most preventive for decalcification. In addition, GO-Ag and GO-Ag-CaF2 almost completely inhibited S. mutans growth. However, they did not exhibit cytotoxicity to epithelial cells except at the highest concentration (0.1 w/v%) of GO-Ag and GO-Ag-CaF2. Furthermore, these f-GO nanocomposites exhibited less or no discoloration of dentin, although commonly used silver diamine fluoride causes discoloration of dentin to black. Thus, these f-GO nanocomposites are useful to protect dental caries on the tooth root that becomes a social problem in aged society.

DOI： 10.1177/0022034519894583

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Dental caries is a type of oral microbiome dysbiosis and biofilm infection that affects oral and systemic conditions. For healthy life expectancy, natural bacteriostatic products are ideal for daily and lifetime use as anti-oral infection agents. This study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of abietic acid, a diterpene derived from pine rosin, on the in vitro growth of cariogenic bacterial species, Streptococcus mutans. The effective minimum inhibitory concentration of abietic acid was determined through observation of S. mutans growth, acidification, and biofilm formation. The inhibitory effects of abietic acid on the bacterial membrane were investigated through the use of in situ viability analysis and scanning electron microscopic analysis. Cytotoxicity of abietic acid was also examined in the context of several human cell lines using tetrazolium reduction assay. Abietic acid was found to inhibit key bacterial growth hallmarks such as colony forming ability, adenosine triphosphate activity (both planktonic and biofilm), acid production, and biofilm formation. Abietic acid was identified as bacteriostatic, and this compound caused minimal damage to the bacterial membrane. This action was different from that of povidone-iodine or cetylpyridinium chloride. Additionally, abietic acid was significantly less cytotoxic compared to povidone-iodine, and it exerted lower toxicity towards epithelial cells and fibroblasts compared to that against monocytic cells. These data suggest that abietic acid may prove useful as an antibacterial and antibiofilm agent for controlling S. mutans infection.

DOI： 10.1007/s10266-019-00456-0

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J-GLOBAL

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J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(NPO)日本歯周病学会  

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J-GLOBAL

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J-GLOBAL

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