MISC - MONDEN Akito

第三者データを用いたソフトウェアバグ予測の確信度の推定に向けて

北内 亮太, 稲吉 弘樹, 西浦 生成, 門田 暁人

ソフトウェア工学の基礎31, ソフトウェア工学の基礎ワークショップFOSE2024   213 - 214   2024.11

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Javaプログラムの解析による習熟度の測定に向けて

奈良井 洸希, Ratthicha Parinthip, 稲吉 弘樹, Pattara Leelaprute

ソフトウェア工学の基礎31, ソフトウェア工学の基礎ワークショップFOSE2024   215 - 216   2024.11

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Kotlinにおけるサイクロマティック数計測ツールの開発

清水端 康佑, 稲吉 弘樹, 門田 暁人

ソフトウェア工学の基礎31, ソフトウェア工学の基礎ワークショップFOSE2024   211 - 212   2024.11

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戦略的計画タスクにおける経験が視線に与える影響の分析

濱地 省吾, Zeynep Yücel, 門田 暁人

情報処理学会研究報告，ユビキタスコンピューティングシステム（UBI）   2024-UBI-84 ( 17 )   1 - 8   2024.11

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Androidアプリが自動的に収集するデータの暗号化ラベルの実態調査

桜庭 侑星, 稲吉 弘樹, 齋藤 彰一, 門田 暁人

コンピュータセキュリティシンポジウム2024論文集   441 - 448   2024.10

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データセーフティセクションに対応したテイントソースの自動識別に向けて

稲吉 弘樹, 齋藤 彰一, 門田 暁人

コンピュータセキュリティシンポジウム2024論文集   433 - 440   2024.10

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ソフトウェアバグデータを対象とした例外ルール導出の試み

青柳 宏, 稲吉 弘樹, 門田 暁人

ソフトウェアエンジニアリングシンポジウム2024論文集   271 - 277   2024.9

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近代以前に西洋で日本をイメージして作られた音楽作品の分析

河瀬 友佑, 稲吉 弘樹, 門田 暁人, 光平 有希

情報処理学会研究報告，音楽情報科学研究会   2024-MUS-141 ( 13 )   1 - 6   2024.8

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小規模JavaScriptプロジェクトにおけるclass構文の使用実態の調査 Reviewed

三澤 秀斗, 西浦 生成, 笹倉 万里子, 門田 暁人

ソフトウェア工学の基礎30, ソフトウェア工学の基礎ワークショップFOSE2023   105 - 110   2023.11

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情報システムの要求仕様書におけるあいまい語句の定量的分析

中道 徹, 西浦 生成, 門田 暁人

ソフトウェア工学の基礎ワークショップFOSE2023, ポスター発表   ( P15 )   2023.11

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BERTによるセキュリティバグの判別の試み Reviewed

横山 大貴, 西浦 生成, 門田 暁人

ソフトウェア工学の基礎30, ソフトウェア工学の基礎ワークショップFOSE2023   197 - 198   2023.11

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テストケース作成におけるChatGPT利用の効果 Reviewed

起塚 亮, 西浦 生成, 門田 暁人

ソフトウェア工学の基礎30, ソフトウェア工学の基礎ワークショップFOSE2023   195 - 196   2023.11

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高齢者の認知機能維持のためのコンピュータゲームの選定に向けて Reviewed

河瀬 友佑, 西浦 生成, 門田 暁人

ソフトウェア工学の基礎30, ソフトウェア工学の基礎ワークショップFOSE2023   193 - 194   2023.11

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ChatGPTをSE役とした対話による要求獲得の試み Reviewed

西窪 修広, 西浦 生成, 笹倉 万里子, 門田 暁人

ソフトウェア工学の基礎30, ソフトウェア工学の基礎ワークショップFOSE2023   147 - 152   2023.11

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提案依頼書におけるセキュリティ要件の分析 Reviewed

村越 竜介, 西浦 生成, 笹倉 万里子, 門田 暁人

ソフトウェアエンジニアリングシンポジウム2023 (SES2023)   2023.8

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考古学データベースに保存する画像データの加工を行うシステムの開発

富田 洸, 笹倉 万里子, 門田 暁人

情報処理学会第85回全国大会   ( 6ZK-01 )   2023.3

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グローバーのアルゴリズムを題材とした学習支援システムの開発

安永 翔斗, 門田 暁人, 笹倉 万里子

情報処理学会第85回全国大会   ( 4ZF-03 )   2023.3

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プログラミング教育における高校教員の支援方法の評価

長尾 輝人, 笹倉 万里子, 門田 暁人

情報処理学会研究報告, コンピュータと教育   2023-CE-169 ( 15 )   1 - 8   2023.3

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バーチャルリアリティ授業視聴システムの改良

谷口 謙太, 笹倉 万里子, 門田 暁人

情報処理学会研究報告, コンピュータと教育   2023-CE-169 ( 6 )   1 - 8   2023.3

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スマホゲームにおける課金誘導方法の調査研究 Reviewed

麻生直希, 西浦 生成, 笹倉 万里子, 門田 暁人

ソフトウェア工学の基礎29, ソフトウェア工学の基礎ワークショップFOSE2022   241 - 242   2022.11

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キーストロークとマウス操作に基づくプログラミング能力の分析 Reviewed

松本和樹, 西浦生成, 笹倉万里子, 門田暁人

ソフトウェア工学の基礎29, ソフトウェア工学の基礎ワークショップFOSE2022   165 - 170   2022.11

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提案依頼書におけるセキュリティ要件の実態調査 Reviewed

村越 竜介, 西浦 生成, 笹倉 万里子, 門田 暁人

ソフトウェア工学の基礎29, ソフトウェア工学の基礎ワークショップFOSE2022   229 - 230   2022.11

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育成の観点を取り入れたプロジェクト管理ゲーム Reviewed

山形 宥太, 西浦 生成, 笹倉 万里子, 門田 暁人

ソフトウェア工学の基礎29, ソフトウェア工学の基礎ワークショップFOSE2022   205 - 206   2022.11

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Fault-proneモジュール予測における第三者データに基づいた外れ値除去 Reviewed

西浦生成, 門田暁人

ソフトウェア工学の基礎29, ソフトウェア工学の基礎ワークショップFOSE2022   153 - 158   2022.11

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ソフトウェア開発者の信頼度の評価に向けて Reviewed

池田 海斗, 西浦 生成, 笹倉 万里子, 門田 暁人

ソフトウェア工学の基礎29, ソフトウェア工学の基礎ワークショップFOSE2022   215 - 216   2022.10

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データ断片からのソフトウェア開発データ復元の実験評価

西脇将樹, 門田暁人, 笹倉万里子, 西浦生成

信学技報   121 ( 416 )   60 - 65   2022.3

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ソフトウェアテストの途中結果を用いたバグ予測

廣瀬椋一, 門田暁人, 角田雅照, 笹倉万里子, 西浦生成

信学技報   121 ( 416 )   19 - 24   2022.3

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From Academia to Software Development: Publication Citations in Source Code Comments

Akira Inokuchi, Yusuf Sulistyo Nugroho, Fumiaki Konishi, Hideaki Hata, Akito Monden, Kenichi Matsumoto

2019.10

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Publishing type：Internal/External technical report, pre-print, etc.  

Academic publications have been evaluated with the impact on research<br />
communities based on the number of citations. On the other hand, the impact of<br />
academic publications on industry has been rarely studied. This paper<br />
investigates how academic publications contribute to software development by<br />
analyzing publication citations in source code comments in open source software<br />
repositories. We propose an automated approach of detecting academic<br />
publications based on Named Entity Recognition, and achieve 0.90 in $F_1$ as<br />
detection accuracy. We conduct a large-scale study of publication citations<br />
with 319,438,977 comments collected from active 25,925 repositories written in<br />
seven programming languages. Our findings indicate that academic publications<br />
can be knowledge sources of software development, and there can be potential<br />
issues of obsoleting knowledge.

arXiv

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Estimation of affect scores accounting for user responsiveness

NGUYEN Hoang, KOYAMA Serina, YUCEL Zeynep, MONDEN Akito, SASAKURA Mariko

日本ロボット学会学術講演会予稿集(CD-ROM)   36th   ROMBUNNO.1I2‐01   2018.9

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Impact of the Distribution Parameter of Data Sampling Approaches on Software Defect Prediction Models

Kwabena Ebo Bennin, Jacky Keung, Akito Monden

Proceedings - Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference, APSEC   2017-   630 - 635   2018.3

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Language：English   Publisher：IEEE Computer Society  

Sampling methods are known to impact defect prediction performance. These sampling methods have configurable parameters that can significantly affect the prediction performance. It is however, impractical to assess the effect of all the possible different settings in the parameter space for all the several existing sampling methods. A constant and easy to tweak parameter present in all sampling methods is the distribution of the defective and non-defective modules in the dataset known as Pfp (% of fault-prone modules). In this paper, we investigate and assess the performance of defect prediction models where the Pfp parameter of sampling methods are tweaked. An empirical experiment and assessment of seven sampling methods on five prediction models over 20 releases of 10 static metric projects indicate that (1) Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristics Curve (AUC) performance is not improved after tweaking the Pfp parameter, (2) pf (false alarms) performance degrades as the Pfp is increased. (3) a stable predictor is difficult to achieve across different Pfp rates. Hence, we conclude that the Pfp parameter setting can have a large impact on the performance (except AUC) of defect prediction models. We thus recommend researchers experiment with the Pfp parameter of the sampling method since the distribution of training datasets vary.

DOI： 10.1109/APSEC.2017.76

Scopus

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An Attempt to Bug Report Classification using N-Gram IDF

2018   34 - 35   2018.1

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Language：Japanese  

CiNii Article

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MAHAKIL: Diversity based oversampling approach to alleviate the class imbalance issue in software defect prediction

Kwabena Ebo Bennin, Jacky Keung, Passakorn Phannachitta, Akito Monden, Solomon Mensah

Proc. 40th International Conference on Software Engineering, Journal First Paper   699 - 699   2018

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Predictability Classification for Software Effort Estimation

Naoki Kinoshita, Akito Monden, Masateru Tsunoda, Zeynep Yucel

2018 IEEE/ACIS 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIG DATA, CLOUD COMPUTING, DATA SCIENCE & ENGINEERING (BCD 2018)   43 - 48   2018

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Language：English   Publisher：IEEE  

In this paper, focusing on the problem that estimation accuracy of software development effort greatly varies among software projects, we propose a predictability classification method for software projects before conducting effort estimation. In the proposed method, given a project to be estimated, we first evaluate whether the effort can be accurately estimated or not by identifying the project as "predictable" or "unpredictable". In case of predictable projects, we conduct the effort estimation. Otherwise, estimation is avoided. As a result of an experiment to assess the effectiveness of the proposed method using six industry datasets, (i) the mean square residual and residual variance are shown to be suitable measures for recognition of predictability; and (ii) the average absolute error is significantly reduced in five datasets, by avoiding the estimation when a project belongs to the unpredictable class, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed method. By using the proposed method, practitioners become aware of cases when they can rely on the estimation and when they cannot.

DOI： 10.1109/BCD2018.2018.00015

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Extended Association Rule Mining with Correlation Functions

Hidekazu Saito, Akito Monden, Zeynep Yucel

2018 IEEE/ACIS 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIG DATA, CLOUD COMPUTING, DATA SCIENCE & ENGINEERING (BCD 2018)   79 - 84   2018

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Language：English   Publisher：IEEE  

This paper proposes extended association rule mining that can deal with correlation functions. The extended association rule is expressed in the form of: A double right arrow Correl(X; Y) where Correl(X; Y) is a correlation function with two variables X and Y. By this extension, data analysts can discover the condition A that lead to low (or high) correlation between two given variables from a large dataset. In order to show the efficacy of the proposed method, a case study is performed on an industry dataset of software developments, assuming the scenario of discovering a condition, where software development effort is predictable (or unpredictable) from the size of the project, i.e. there exists a significantly high (or low) correlation between size and effort. Since such a condition cannot be obtained by conventional association rule mining, we confirm the efficiency of the proposed extended association rule mining.

DOI： 10.1109/BCD2018.2018.00020

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Should duration and team size be used for effort estimation?

Takeshi Kakimoto, Masateru Tsunoda, Akito Monden

Studies in Computational Intelligence   721   91 - 105   2018

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Language：English   Publisher：Springer Verlag  

Project management activities such as scheduling and project progress management are important to avoid project failure. As a basis of project management, effort estimation plays a fundamental role. To estimate software development effort by mathematical models, variables which are fixed before the estimation are used as independent variables. Some studies used team size and project duration as independent variables. Although they are sometimes fixed because of the limitation of human resources or business schedule, they may change by the end of the project. For instance, when delivery is delayed, actual duration and estimated duration is different. So, although using team size and project duration may enhance estimation accuracy, the error may also lower the accuracy. To help practitioners to select independent variables, we analyzed whether team size and duration should be used or not, when we consider the error included in the team size and the duration. In the experiment, we assumed that duration and team size include errors when effort is estimated. To analyze influence of the errors, we add n% errors to duration and team size. As a result, using duration as an independent variable was not very effective in many cases. In contrast, using maximum team size as an independent variable was effective when the error rate is equal or less than 50%.

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-319-62048-0_7

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Evaluating algorithmic thinking ability of primary schoolchildren who learn computer programming

Hidekuni Tsukamoto, Yasumasa Oomori, Hideo Nagumo, Yasuhiro Takemura, Akito Monden, Ken ichi Matsumoto

Proceedings - Frontiers in Education Conference, FIE   2017-October   1 - 8   2017.12

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© 2017 IEEE. In this research, a tool for evaluating algorithmic thinking ability of the primary schoolchildren was developed. This tool is based on the three categories of operations used to construct algorithms, namely, sequential operations, conditional branching operations, and iterative operations. Each question in the tool checks to see if the examinee understands the concept of one of the three categories. The tool was developed to evaluate the educational effect of programming education for middle to upper grade (third to sixth grade) primary schoolchildren. Since both Visual Programming Language (VPL) and Textual Programming Language (TPL) could be used, it was required that the tool could be used by both the group of children who use VPLs and the group of children who use TPLs. To make it possible, no programming language appeared in the questions in the tool. The teaching materials for the programming education were also developed in such a way that the three basic concepts of algorithm, namely, sequential processing, conditional branching, and repetitive processing, were clearly taught. The target VPL in this research was Scratch. The evaluation tool was conducted in a weekend class of programming education for primary schoolchildren, and the algorithmic thinking ability of the schoolchildren was analyzed.

DOI： 10.1109/FIE.2017.8190609

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The Significant Effects of Data Sampling Approaches on Software Defect Prioritization and Classification

Kwabena Ebo Bennin, Jacky Keung, Akito Monden, Passakorn Phannachitta, Solomon Mensah

International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement   2017-   364 - 373   2017.12

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Context: Recent studies have shown that performance of defect prediction models can be affected when data sampling approaches are applied to imbalanced training data for building defect prediction models. However, the magnitude (degree and power) of the effect of these sampling methods on the classification and prioritization performances of defect prediction models is still unknown. Goal: To investigate the statistical and practical significance of using resampled data for constructing defect prediction models. Method: We examine the practical effects of six data sampling methods on performances of five defect prediction models. The prediction performances of the models trained on default datasets (no sampling method) are compared with that of the models trained on resampled datasets (application of sampling methods). To decide whether the performance changes are significant or not, robust statistical tests are performed and effect sizes computed. Twenty releases of ten open source projects extracted from the PROMISE repository are considered and evaluated using the AUC, pd, pf and G-mean performance measures. Results: There are statistical significant differences and practical effects on the classification performance (pd, pf and G-mean) between models trained on resampled datasets and those trained on the default datasets. However, sampling methods have no statistical and practical effects on defect prioritization performance (AUC) with small or no effect values obtained from the models trained on the resampled datasets. Conclusions: Existing sampling methods can properly set the threshold between buggy and clean samples, while they cannot improve the prediction of defect-proneness itself. Sampling methods are highly recommended for defect classification purposes when all faulty modules are to be considered for testing.

DOI： 10.1109/ESEM.2017.50

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Calibration of distributed multimodal sensor networks using cross‐correlation of arrival processes

SUPITAYAKUL Parisa, YUCEL Zeynep, ZANLUNGO Francesco, MONDEN Akito, LEELAPRUTE Pattara

日本ロボット学会学術講演会予稿集(CD-ROM)   35th   ROMBUNNO.1C3‐05   2017.9

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J-GLOBAL

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Analyzing Unreasonable Demands in Request For Proposals of Software Development

116 ( 426 )   95 - 100   2017.1

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Language：Japanese  

CiNii Article

CiNii Books

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Experimental Evaluation of Cross-Project Bug Prediction

116 ( 426 )   101 - 106   2017.1

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CiNii Article

CiNii Books

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Analyzing Required Software Engineering Skills in Software Job Ads

116 ( 426 )   89 - 94   2017.1

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CiNii Article

CiNii Books

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COCOMO IIをベースとした工数見積りモデルの研究

大岩 佐和子, 押野 智樹, 門田 暁人, 松本 健一

プロジェクトマネジメント学会誌   19 ( 4 )   53 - 58   2017

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：プロジェクトマネジメント学会  

CiNii Article

CiNii Books

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An Attempt to Statement-level Software Bug Prediction

Fukutani, K, Monden, A, Yucel, Z, Hata, H

Proceedings of Fundamentals of Software Engineering, FOSE 2017   2017

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Software Reuse Detection Focusing on Strings in Binary Code

116 ( 277 )   79 - 84   2016.10

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CiNii Article

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Software Bug Analysis Based on Archetypal Analysis

瀧本恵介, 門田暁人, 尾上紗野, 畑秀明, 亀井靖高

電子情報通信学会技術研究報告   116 ( 277(SS2016 18-35) )   91‐96   2016.10

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J-GLOBAL

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Software Reuse Detection Using Binary Program Compression

上村康輔, 門田暁人, 畑秀明, 松本健一

電子情報通信学会技術研究報告   116 ( 277(SS2016 18-35) )   85‐90   2016.10

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Unsupervised Bug Report Categorization Using Clustering and Labeling Algorithm

Nachai Limsettho, Hideaki Hata, Akito Monden, Kenichi Matsumoto

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING AND KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING   26 ( 7 )   1027 - 1053   2016.9

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Language：English   Publisher：WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD  

Bug reports are one of the most crucial information sources for software engineering offering answers to many questions. Yet, getting these answers is not always easy; the information in bug reports is often implicit and some processes are required to extract the meaning of these reports. Most research in this area employ a supervised learning approach to classify bug reports so that required types of reports could be identified. However, this approach often requires an immense amount of time and effort, the resources that already too scarce in many projects.We aim to develop an automated framework that can categorize bug reports, according to their grammatical structure without the need for labeled data.Our framework categorizes bug reports according to their text similarity using topic modeling and a clustering algorithm. Each group of bug reports are labeled with our new clustering labeling algorithm specifically made for clusters in the topic space. Our framework is highly customizable with a modular approach and options to incorporate available background knowledge to improve its performance, while our cluster labeling approach make use of natural language process (NLP) chunking to create the representative labels.Our experiment results demonstrate that the performance of our unsupervised framework is comparable to a supervised learning one. We also show that our labeling process is capable of labeling each cluster with phrases that are representative for that cluster's characteristics.Our framework can be used to automatically categorize the incoming bug reports without any prior knowledge, as an automated labeling suggestion system or as a tool for obtaining knowledge about the structure of the bug report repository.

DOI： 10.1142/S0218194016500352

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Investigating and Projecting Population Structures in Open Source Software Projects: A Case Study of Projects in GitHub

Saya Onoue, Hideaki Hata, Akito Monden, Kenichi Matsumoto

IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION AND SYSTEMS   E99D ( 5 )   1304 - 1315   2016.5

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Language：English   Publisher：IEICE-INST ELECTRONICS INFORMATION COMMUNICATIONS ENG  

GitHub is a developers' social networking service that hosts a great number of open source software (OSS) projects. Although some of the hosted projects are growing and have many developers, most projects are organized by a few developers and face difficulties in terms of sustainability. OSS projects depend mainly on volunteer developers, and attracting and retaining these volunteers are major concerns of the project stakeholders. To investigate the population structures of OSS development communities in detail and conduct software analytics to obtain actionable information, we apply a demographic approach. Demography is the scientific study of population and seeks to identify the levels and trends in the size and components of a population. This paper presents a case study, investigating the characteristics of the population structures of OSS projects on GitHub, and shows population projections generated with the well-known cohort component method. We found that there are four types of population structures in OSS development communities in terms of experiences and contributions. In addition, we projected the future population accurately using a cohort component population projection method. This method predicts a population of the next period using a survival rate calculated from past population. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that applied demography to the field of OSS research. Our approach addressing OSS-related problems based on demography will bring new insights, since studying population is novel in OSS research. Understanding current and future structures of OSS projects can help practitioners to monitor a project, gain awareness of what is happening, manage risks, and evaluate past decisions.

DOI： 10.1587/transinf.2015EDP7363

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LSA-X: Exploiting Productivity Factors in Linear Size Adaptation for Analogy-Based Software Effort Estimation

Passakorn Phannachitta, Akito Monden, Jacky Keung, Kenichi Matsumoto

IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION AND SYSTEMS   E99D ( 1 )   151 - 162   2016.1

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Language：English   Publisher：IEICE-INST ELECTRONICS INFORMATION COMMUNICATIONS ENG  

Analogy-based software effort estimation has gained a considerable amount of attention in current research and practice. Its excellent estimation accuracy relies on its solution adaptation stage, where an effort estimate is produced from similar past projects. This study proposes a solution adaptation technique named LSA-X that introduces an approach to exploit the potential of productivity factors, i.e., project variables with a high correlation with software productivity, in the solution adaptation stage. The LSA-X technique tailors the exploitation of the productivity factors with a procedure based on the Linear Size Adaptation (LSA) technique. The results, based on 19 datasets show that in circumstances where a dataset exhibits a high correlation coefficient between productivity and a related factor (r = 0.30), the proposed LSA-X technique statistically outperformed (95% confidence) the other 8 commonly used techniques compared in this study. In other circumstances, our results suggest using any linear adaptation technique based on software size to compensate for the limitations of the LSA-X technique.

DOI： 10.1587/transinf.2015EDP7237

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Filter-INC: Handling Effort-Inconsistency in Software Effort Estimation Datasets

Passakorn Phannachitta, Jacky Keung, Kwabena Ebo Bennin, Akito Monden, Kenichi Matsumoto

2016 23RD ASIA-PACIFIC SOFTWARE ENGINEERING CONFERENCE (APSEC 2016)   185 - 192   2016

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Language：English   Publisher：IEEE  

Effort-inconsistency is a situation where historical software project data used for software effort estimation (SEE) are contaminated by many project cases with similar characteristics but are completed with significantly different amount of effort. Using these data for SEE generally produces inaccurate results; however, an effective technique for its handling is yet made to be available. This study approaches the problem differently from common solutions, where available techniques typically attempt to remove every project case they have detected as outliers. Instead, we hypothesize that data inconsistency is caused by only a few deviant project cases and any attempt to remove those other cases will result in reduced accuracy, largely due to loss of useful information and data diversity. Filter-INC (short for Filtering technique for handling effort-INConsistency in SEE datasets) implements the hypothesis to decide whether a project case being detected by any existing technique should be subject to removal. The evaluation is carried out by comparing the performance of 2 filtering techniques between before and after having Filter-INC applied. The results produced from 8 real-world datasets together with 3 machine-learning models, and evaluated by 4 performance measures show a significant accuracy improvement at the confident interval of 95%. Based on the results, we recommend our proposed hypothesis as an important instrument to design a data preprocessing technique for handling effort-inconsistency in SEE datasets, definitely an important step forward in preprocessing data for a more accurate SEE model.

DOI： 10.1109/APSEC.2016.48

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Task purpose estimation in software development based on automatic measurement data and machine learning

Ohashi, R., Matsumoto, K., Uwano, H., Monden, A., Araki, K., Yamada, K.

Computer Software   33 ( 2 )   139 - 150   2016

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DOI： 10.11309/jssst.33.2_139

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自動計測データと機械学習に基づくソフトウェア開発の作業目的の推定

大橋亮太, 上野秀剛, 門田暁人, 荒木健史, 山田欣吾, 松本健一

コンピュータソフトウェア   33 ( 2 )   139 - 150   2016

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DOI： 10.11309/jssst.33.2_139

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Measuring difficulty of program comprehension based on brain activation

Takao Nakagawa, Ysutaka Kamei, Hidetake Uwano, Akito Monden, Naoyasu Ubayashi, Kenichi Matsumoto

Computer Software   33 ( 2 )   78 - 89   2016

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This paper extends our previous study (letter paper), which quantifies the difficulty of program comprehension based on brain activation measured by NIRS (Near Infra-Red Spectroscopy) during source code reading. We performed controlled experiments with 20 subjects. 3 of 20 subjects could not complete the measurement. We found that: (1) 16 of 17 shows strong brain activation during reading of obfuscated program (binomial test, p < 0:01) and (2) subjective evaluation of difficulty is correlated with brain activation (Spearman's correlation coefficient=0.46, p < 0:01).

DOI： 10.11309/jssst.33.2_78

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脳活動に基づくプログラム理解の困難さ測定

中川尊雄, 亀井靖高, 上野秀剛, 門田暁人, 鵜林尚靖, 松本健一

コンピュータソフトウェア   33 ( 2 )   78 - 89   2016

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DOI： 10.11309/jssst.33.2_78

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Investigating the Effects of Balanced Training and Testing Datasets on Effort-Aware Fault Prediction Models

Kwabena Ebo Bennin, Jacky Keung, Akito Monden, Yasutaka Kamei, Naoyasu Ubayashi

PROCEEDINGS 2016 IEEE 40TH ANNUAL COMPUTER SOFTWARE AND APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE WORKSHOPS, VOL 1   154 - 163   2016

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To prioritize software quality assurance efforts, fault prediction models have been proposed to distinguish faulty modules from clean modules. The performances of such models are often biased due to the skewness or class imbalance of the datasets considered. To improve the prediction performance of these models, sampling techniques have been employed to rebalance the distribution of fault-prone and non-fault-prone modules. The effect of these techniques have been evaluated in terms of accuracy/geometric mean/F1-measure in previous studies; however, these measures do not consider the effort needed to fix faults. To empirically investigate the effect of sampling techniques on the performance of software fault prediction models in a more realistic setting, this study employs Norm(Popt), an effort-aware measure that considers the testing effort. We performed two sets of experiments aimed at (1) assessing the effects of sampling techniques on effort-aware models and finding the appropriate class distribution for training datasets (2) investigating the role of balanced training and testing datasets on performance of predictive models. Of the four sampling techniques applied, the over-sampling techniques outperformed the under-sampling techniques with Random Over-sampling performing best with respect to the Norm(Popt) evaluation measure. Also, performance of all the prediction models improved when sampling techniques were applied between the rates of (20-30)% on the training datasets implying that a strictly balanced dataset (50% faulty modules and 50% clean modules) does not result in the best performance for effort-aware models. Our results also indicate that performances of effort-aware models are significantly dependent on the proportions of the two types of the classes in the testing dataset. Models trained on moderately balanced datasets are more likely to withstand fluctuations in performance as the class distribution in the testing data varies.

DOI： 10.1109/COMPSAC.2016.144

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Identifying Recurring Association Rules in Software Defect Prediction

Takashi Watanabe, Akito Monden, Yasutaka Kamei, Shuji Morisaki

2016 IEEE/ACIS 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER AND INFORMATION SCIENCE (ICIS)   861 - 866   2016

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Association rule mining discovers patterns of co-occurrences of attributes as association rules in a data set. The derived association rules are expected to be recurrent, that is, the patterns recur in future in other data sets. This paper defines the recurrence of a rule, and aims to find a criteria to distinguish between high recurrent rules and low recurrent ones using a data set for software defect prediction. An experiment with the Eclipse Mylyn defect data set showed that rules of lower than 30 transactions showed low recurrence. We also found that the lower bound of transactions to select high recurrence rules is dependent on the required precision of defect prediction.

DOI： 10.1109/ICIS.2016.7550867

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A Fuzzy Hashing Technique for Large Scale Software Birthmarks

Takehiro Tsuzaki, Teruaki Yamamoto, Haruaki Tamada, Akito Monden

2016 IEEE/ACIS 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER AND INFORMATION SCIENCE (ICIS)   867 - 872   2016

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Language：English   Publisher：IEEE COMPUTER SOC  

Software birthmarks have been proposed as a method for enabling the detection of programs that may have been stolen by measuring the similarity between the two programs. A birthmark is created from each program by extracting its native characteristics. The birthmarks of the programs can then be compared. However, because the extracted birthmarks contain a large amount of information, a large amount of time is needed when using them to compare large programs. This paper describes our work to reduce this comparison time. Achieving faster comparisons will enable the evaluation of large programs and simplify the use of birthmarks. Specifically, our method creates hashes from conventional birthmark information using fuzzy hashing, and then measures the similarity of the programs using the obtained hash values. Using the proposed method, we achieved a major speed increase over the conventional birthmark method with distinction rates of over 90%. On the other hand, because preservation performance decreased substantially, the similarity threshold value needed to be lowered when using the proposed method.

DOI： 10.1109/ICIS.2016.7550868

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Analysis of Information System Operation Cost Based on Working Time and Unit Cost

Masateru Tsunoda, Kenichi Matsumoto, Akito Monden, Sawako Ohiwa, Tomoki Oshino

2016 IEEE/ACIS 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER AND INFORMATION SCIENCE (ICIS)   837 - 842   2016

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Recently, information system operation becomes more important because of increasing size of information system and outsourcing the system operation. However, it is not easy for customers to judge the validity of the system operation cost. To provide information which helps the judgment, we analyzed factors which affect system operation cost. Working time of system operation service provider has the strong relationship to the cost. So, if customers know the working time, they estimate the cost properly. However, it is difficult for customers to know the working time generally. So, we assumed that customers estimate unit cost and working time, to speculate total operation cost roughly. To help the estimation, we analyzed factors affected working time and unit cost. The analysis results show that working time is settled based on the software size and the number of users, and the unit cost of the engineers increases when network range of the system is wide.

DOI： 10.1109/ICIS.2016.7550863

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Influence of Outliers on Analogy Based Software Development Effort Estimation

Kenichi Ono, Akito Monden, Masateru Tsunoda, Kenichi Matsumoto

2016 IEEE/ACIS 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER AND INFORMATION SCIENCE (ICIS)   849 - 854   2016

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In a software development project, project management is indispensable, and effort estimation is one of the important factors on the management. To improve estimation accuracy, outliers are often removed from dataset used for estimation. However, the influence of the outliers to the estimation accuracy is not clear. In this study, we added outliers to dataset experimentally, to analyze the influence. In the analysis, we changed the percentage of outliers, the extent of outliers, variable including outliers, and location of outliers on the dataset. After that, effort was estimated using the dataset. In the experiment, the influence of outliers was not very large, when they were included in the software size metric, the percentage of outliers was 10%, and the extent of outliers was 100%.

DOI： 10.1109/ICIS.2016.7550865

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ソフトウェアテストにおける静的解析ツールの段階的適用による不具合修正工数の更なる低減 ―民生用音響・映像機器向け組み込みソフトウェア開発へのQACの段階的適用とその実証評価―

鶴田雅明, 大平雅雄, 門田暁人, 松本健一

情報社会学会誌   11 ( 1 )   5 - 16   2016

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Empirical Evaluation of Cross-Release Effort-Aware Defect Prediction Models

Kwabena Ebo Bennin, Koji Toda, Yasutaka Kamei, Jacky Keung, Akito Monden, Naoyasu Ubayashi

2016 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOFTWARE QUALITY, RELIABILITY AND SECURITY (QRS 2016)   214 - 221   2016

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To prioritize quality assurance efforts, various fault prediction models have been proposed. However, the best performing fault prediction model is unknown due to three major drawbacks: (1) comparison of few fault prediction models considering small number of data sets, (2) use of evaluation measures that ignore testing efforts and (3) use of n-fold cross validation instead of the more practical cross-release validation. To address these concerns, we conducted cross-release evaluation of 11 fault density prediction models using data sets collected from 2 releases of 25 open source software projects with an effort-aware performance measure known as Norm(P-opt). Our result shows that, whilst M5 and K* had the best performances; they were greatly influenced by the percentage of faulty modules present and size of data set. Using Norm(P-opt) produced an overall average performance of more than 50% across all the selected models clearly indicating the importance of considering testing efforts in building fault-prone prediction models.

DOI： 10.1109/QRS.2016.33

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Textual vs. Visual Programming Languages in Programming Education for Primary Schoolchildren

Hidekuni Tsukamoto, Yasuhiro Takemura, Yasumasa Oomori, Isamu Ikeda, Hideo Nagumo, Akito Monden, Ken-ichi Matsumoto

2016 IEEE FRONTIERS IN EDUCATION CONFERENCE (FIE)   1 - 7   2016

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The purpose of this research is to compare textual programming languages and visual programming languages from the aspect of motivation. As a textual programming language, Processing programming language was used, and as visual programming languages, Scratch, a derivation of Scratch, Teaching materials offered by code.org, and LEGO Mindstorms EV3 were used. Teaching materials using the textual programming language, and those using the visual programming languages were developed separately. A trial experiment of programming education with the textual programming language was conducted to a cohort of seven primary schoolchildren. Trial experiments with the visual programming languages were conducted twice. In each of them, a cohort of eight primary schoolchildren participated. The motivation of the children was assessed using the questionnaire based on the ARCS (Attention, Relevance, Confidence, and Satisfaction) motivation model. The results with the visual programming languages suggested that the motivation scores of the children increased as the class progressed when visual programming languages were used. On the other hand, the results with Processing suggested that the variance of Satisfaction factor increased as the class progressed when textual programming languages were used, which further suggested that the Satisfaction scores of the children spread as the class progressed when textual programming languages were used.

DOI： 10.1109/FIE.2016.7757571

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Erratum: Investigating and Projecting Population Structures in Open Source Software Projects: A Case Study of Projects in GitHub [IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems Vol.E99.D (2016) , No.5 pp.1304-1315]

ONOUE Saya, HATA Hideaki, MONDEN Akito, MATSUMOTO Kenichi

IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems   99 ( 7 )   1961 - 1961   2016

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Language：English   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

DOI： 10.1587/transinf.2016EDe0002

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Pinpointing and hiding surprising fragments in an obfuscated program

Yuichiro Kanzaki, Clark Thomborson, Akito Monden, Christian Collberg

ACM International Conference Proceeding Series   08-   8:1-8:9   2015.12

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Language：English   Publisher：Association for Computing Machinery  

In this paper, we propose a pinpoint-hide defense method, which aims to improve the stealth of obfuscated code. In the pinpointing process, we scan the obfuscated code in a few small code fragment level and identify all surprising fragments, that is, very unusual fragments which may draw the attention of an attacker to the obfuscated code. In the hiding process, we transform the pinpointed surprising fragments into unsurprising ones while preserving semantics. The obfuscated code transformed by our method consists only by unsurprising code fragments, therefore is more difficult for attackers to be distinguished from unobfuscated code than the original. In the case study, we apply our pinpoint-hide method to some programs transformed by well-known obfuscation techniques. The result shows our method can pinpoint surprising fragments such as dummy code that does not fit in the context of the program, and instructions used in a complicated arithmetic expression. We also confirm that instruction camouflage can make the pinpointed surprising fragments unsurprising ones, and that it runs correctly.

DOI： 10.1145/2843859.2843862

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Extracting Typical Projects in a Software Project Data Set

川下正宏, 門田暁人, 畑秀明

情報処理学会研究報告(Web)   2015 ( SE-190 )   VOL.2015‐SE‐190,NO.8 (WEB ONLY)   2015.12

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プログラミング初学者のためのソースコード再利用支援

藤原新, 畑秀明, 門田暁人, 松本健一

情報処理学会研究報告(Web)   2015 ( SE-190 )   VOL.2015‐SE‐190,NO.16 (WEB ONLY)   2015.12

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Reducing the cost of debugging through progressive use of static code analysis tools

Masaaki Tsuruta, Akito Monden, Kenichi Matsumoto

Proc. International Conference on Project Management (ProMAC2015)   2015

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Predicting faults after unit testing using design phase metrics in embedded software development

Masateru Tsunoda, Akito Monden, Kenichi Matsumoto

11 ( 2 )   16 - 23   2015

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Bug Report Recommendation for Code Inspection

Shin Fujiwara, Hideaki Hata, Akito Monden, Kenichi Matsumoto

2015 IEEE 1ST INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON SOFTWARE ANALYTICS (SWAN)   9 - 12   2015

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Language：English   Publisher：IEEE  

Large software projects such as Mozilla Firefox and Eclipse own more than ten thousand bug reports that have been reported but left unresolved. To utilize such a great amount of unresolved bug reports and accelerate bug detection and removal, we propose to a way recommend programmers a bug report that is likely to contain failure descriptions related to a source file being inspected. We employ the vector space model (VSM) to make a relevancy ranking of bug reports to a given source file. The result of an experiment using data of three open source software projects showed that the accuracies of recommendations ranged from 21.74% to 60.05% in terms of the percentage of recommendations that contained relevant bug reports in a top 10 recommended list.

DOI： 10.1109/SWAN.2015.7070481

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Programming Education for Primary Schoolchildren Using a Textual Programming Language

Hidekuni Tsukamoto, Yasuhiro Takemura, Hideo Nagumo, Isamu Ikeda, Akito Monden, Ken-ichi Matsumoto

FRONTIERS IN EDUCATION CONFERENCE (FIE), 2015   1008 - 1014   2015

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Language：English   Publisher：IEEE  

In this research, a Textual Programming Language (TPL) is used in programming education for primary schoolchildren because of the following reasons: (1) it is more practical to use the programming languages similar to the ones used for developing real applications, (2) typing statements could be easier for primary schoolchildren than generally thought, (3) there exist programming environments such as Processing that are easy to use and produce very attractive graphical outcomes. Teaching material for programming education with Processing was developed. In this teaching material, cartoons were used to explain difficult concepts. The learners who use this teaching material were supposed to draw some computational figures with chosen colors. Trial experiments of programming education using this teaching material was conducted to a cohort of seven primary schoolchildren (six 4th grade and one 5th grade children) in two consecutive weekend classes (one hour each). Since the authors' aim of this programming education was to create a sense of fun and excitement in the children and inculcate a desire to engage with computing, the motivation of the children was assessed using the questionnaire based on the ARCS (Attention, Relevance, Confidence, and Satisfaction) motivation model. The results were encouraging and suggested that TPLs could be used in programming education for primary schoolchildren.

DOI： 10.1109/FIE.2015.7344187

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著作権守る電子透かし

門田暁人

読売新聞奈良版 寄稿連載「ドキ★ワク先端科学」   2015

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Case consistency: A necessary data quality property for software engineering data sets

Passakorn Phannachitta, Akito Monden, Jacky Keung, Kenichi Matsumoto

Proc. 19th International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering (EASE2015)   19:1-19:10   2015

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DOI： 10.1145/2745802.2745820

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Code Artificiality: A Metric for the Code Stealth Based on an N-gram Model

Yuichiro Kanzaki, Akito Monden, Christian Collberg

2015 IEEE/ACM 1ST INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON SOFTWARE PROTECTION (SPRO)   31 - 37   2015

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Language：English   Publisher：IEEE  

This paper proposes a method for evaluating the artificiality of protected code by means of an N-gram model. The proposed artificiality metric helps us measure the stealth of the protected code, that is, the degree to which protected code can be distinguished from unprotected code. In a case study, we use the proposed method to evaluate the artificiality of programs that are transformed by well-known obfuscation techniques. The results show that static obfuscating transformations (e.g., control flow flattening) have little effect on artificiality. However, dynamic obfuscating transformations (e.g., code encryption), or a technique that inserts junk code fragments into the program, tend to increase the artificiality, which may have a significant impact on the stealth of the code.

DOI： 10.1109/SPRO.2015.14

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Benchmarking Software Maintenance Based on Working Time

Masateru Tsunoda, Akito Monden, Kenichi Matsumoto, Sawako Ohiwa, Tomoki Oshino

3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLIED COMPUTING AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (ACIT 2015) 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE AND INTELLIGENCE (CSI 2015)   20 - 27   2015

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Language：English   Publisher：IEEE  

Software maintenance is an important activity on the software lifecycle. Software maintenance does not mean only removing faults found after software release. Software needs extensions or modifications of its functions due to changes in a business environment, and software maintenance also indicates them. In this research, we try to establish a benchmark of work efficiency for software maintenance. To establish the benchmark, factors affecting work efficiency should be clarified, using a dataset collected from various organizations (cross-company dataset). We used dataset includes 134 data points collected by Economic Research Association in 2012, and analyzed factors affected work efficiency of software maintenance. We defined the work efficiency as number of modified modules divided by working time. The main contribution of our research is illustrating factors affecting work efficiency, based on the analysis using cross-company dataset and working time. Also, we showed work efficiency, classified the factor. It can be used to benchmark an organization. We empirically illustrated that using Java and restriction of development tool affect to work efficiency.

DOI： 10.1109/ACIT-CSI.2015.13

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Predicting Faults After Unit Testing Using Design Phase Metrics in Embedded Software Development

SEC journal   11 ( 2 )   16 - 23   2015

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Quantifying the Evolution of Open Source Software Focusing on Code Clone and Used Libraries

若林洸太, 門田暁人, 伊原彰紀, 玉田春昭

情報処理学会研究報告(Web)   2015 ( SE-190 )   2015

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Scaling up analogy-based software effort estimation: A Comparison of multiple hadoop implementation schemes

Passakorn Phannachitta, Jacky Keung, Akito Monden, Kenichi Matsumoto

International Workshop on Innovative Software Development Methodologies and Practices, InnoSWDev 2014 - Proceedings   65 - 72   2014.11

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Language：English   Publisher：Association for Computing Machinery, Inc  

Analogy-based estimation (ABE) is one of the most time consuming and compute intensive method in software de- velopment effort estimation. Optimizing ABE has been a dilemma because simplifying the procedure can reduce the estimation performance, while increasing the procedure com- plexity with more sophisticated theory may sacrifice an ad- vantage of the unlimited scalability for a large data input. Motivated by an emergence of cloud computing technology in software applications, in this study we present 3 different implementation schemes based on Hadoop MapReduce to optimize the ABE process across multiple computing in- stances in the cloud-computing environment. We experimentally compared the 3 MapReduce implementation schemes in contrast with our previously proposed GPGPU approach (named ABE-CUDA) over 8 high-performance Amazon EC2 instances. Results present that the Hadoop solution can pro- vide more computational resources that can extend the scalability of the ABE process. We recommend adoption of 2 different Hadoop implementations (Hadoop streaming and RHadoop) for accelerating the computation specifically for compute-intensive software engineering related tasks.

DOI： 10.1145/2666581.2666582

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作業時間と単価に基づくシステム運用費用の分析

角田雅照, 門田暁人, 松本健一, 大岩佐和子, 押野智樹

研究報告ソフトウェア工学（SE）   2014 ( 12 )   1 - 7   2014.11

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：一般社団法人情報処理学会  

近年，情報システムの規模の増大や，システム運用の外部委託の進展に伴い，システム運用に関する注目が高まっている．システム運用費用が妥当であるかどうかは，システム運用の委託側企業にとって判断が難しい．本稿では，委託側企業がシステム運用費用の妥当性判断の参考となるような情報の提供を目指し，システム運用費用に影響を与える要因の分析を行った．受託側の作業時間と運用費用は非常に関連が強いため，受託側作業時間を把握することができれば，標準的な運用費用を推定することができる．ただし，受託側作業時間を委託側企業が把握することは一般に容易ではない．そこで本稿では，作業時間と技術者の単価から簡易的に価格を推定することを前提とし，作業時間と単価に影響する要因を個別に分析した．その結果，作業時間はプログラム本数と最大利用者数から決まることや，ネットワーク範囲が狭い場合，単価が低くなる傾向があることがわかった．

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自主研究 システム運用費用に影響を与える要因の分析

角田 雅照, 門田 暁人, 松本 健一

経済調査研究レビュー   ( 15 )   55 - 64   2014.9

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故障モジュール中の欠陥メソッド特定

畑 秀明, 門田 暁人, 松本 健一

ソフトウェアエンジニアリングシンポジウム2014論文集   2014 ( 2014 )   131 - 136   2014.8

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作業時間に基づくソフトウェア保守ベンチマーキングの試み (ソフトウェアサイエンス)

角田 雅照, 門田 暁人, 松本 健一, 大岩 佐和子, 押野 智樹

電子情報通信学会技術研究報告 = IEICE technical report : 信学技報   114 ( 127 )   17 - 23   2014.7

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：一般社団法人電子情報通信学会  

近年,受託開発ソフトウェアは新規の開発が頭打ちの状況に対して,開発済みのソフトウェア資産が増えることに伴い保守の比率が高まり,保守の重要性が高まっている.このため,保守単独で契約を結ぶ場合もある.保守とは,単にソフトウェア出荷後に発見された欠陥を除去することだけを指すのではない.ソフトウェアは利用されているうちに,ビジネス環境の変化により,機能の拡張,修正が必要となる.保守とはそれらの修正も含んだ概念である.本研究では,ソフトウェア保守における作業効率のベンチマークを確立することを試みる.ベンチマークを確立するためには,複数の組織から収集されたプロジェクトのデータ,すなわち企業横断的データを用いて,作業効率に影響する特性を明らかにする必要がある.本研究では,企業横断的データとして,一般財団法人経済調査会によって平成24年度に収集された134件の事例を用い,作業効率に影響する要因を分析した.作業効率は修正実施プログラム本数÷作業時間数と定義した.分析では,ベンチマーキングのために,箱ひげ図により各特性の作業効率の分布を示すとともに,開発言語がJavaであるかどうか,ツールの制約が強いかどうかが作業効率に影響することを示した.

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作業時間に基づくソフトウェア保守ベンチマーキングの試み

角田雅照, 門田暁人, 松本健一, 大岩佐和子, 押野智樹

研究報告ソフトウェア工学（SE）   2014 ( 3 )   1 - 7   2014.7

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近年，受託開発ソフトウェアは新規の開発が頭打ちの状況に対して，開発済みのソフトウェア資産が増えることに伴い保守の比率が高まり，保守の重要性が高まっている．このため，保守単独で契約を結ぶ場合もある．保守とは，単にソフトウェア出荷後に発見された欠陥を除去することだけを指すのではない．ソフトウェアは利用されているうちに，ビジネス環境の変化により，機能の拡張，修正が必要となる．保守とはそれらの修正も含んだ概念である．本研究では，ソフトウェア保守における作業効率のベンチマークを確立することを試みる．ベンチマークを確立するためには，複数の組織から収集されたプロジェクトのデータ，すなわち企業横断的データを用いて，作業効率に影響する特性を明らかにする必要がある．本研究では，企業横断的データとして，一般財団法人経済調査会によって平成 24 年度に収集された 134 件の事例を用い，作業効率に影響する要因を分析した．作業効率は修正実施プログラム本数 ÷ 作業時間数と定義した．分析では，ベンチマーキングのために，箱ひげ図により各特性の作業効率の分布を示すとともに，開発言語が Java であるかどうか，ツールの制約が強いかどうかが作業効率に影響することを示した．

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作業履歴中の主要な作業に着目した作業目的予測

大橋亮太, 上野秀剛, 門田暁人

研究報告ソフトウェア工学（SE）   2014 ( 22 )   1 - 8   2014.3

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本稿はソフトウェア開発者の能力向上・プロセス改善手法である PSP における作業履歴の記録と作業目的に基づいた履歴の分析を支援するために，作業者の作業履歴から作業目的を予測する手法を提案する．提案手法は作業目的が頻繁に変化しないという仮説の元，予測対象となる作業 (Task) の前後に行われた作業の特性から作業目的 (Aim) を推定する．連続する Task のうち，打鍵数やクリック数が多い Task をその Aim における主要 Task とし，特性として使用する．RandomForest による予測モデルを構築し実験した結果，提案手法は時系列情報を用いない場合に比べ，高い精度で作業を予測できた．特に，前後の作業を多く見るほど予測精度の向上が見られた．

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Characterizing Defects Found in Code Review

2014   95 - 96   2014.1

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Prediction of the Change of Learners' Motivation in Programming Education for Non-Computing Majors

Hidekuni Tsukamoto, Yasuhiro Takemura, Hideo Nagumo, Akito Monden, Ken-ichi Matsumoto

2014 IEEE FRONTIERS IN EDUCATION CONFERENCE (FIE)   1 - 7   2014

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In the past, the authors had been analyzing motivation of the learners in programming education using the ARCS assessment metric. This metric had been used in the application experiment in 13 programming courses, and about 1,700 sets of data was collected. From these data, the learners' model, characteristics of the change of motivation, and ways of improving teaching materials had been clarified. However, these study results were obtained after the terms, when the programming courses were over, and thus did not contribute much to the ongoing programming education. For this reason, in this research, the methods for predicting the change of learners' motivation were studied so that the learners who may need support could be identified. The idea came from the experiment the authors conducted, in which the motivation of learners was analyzed by plotting the motivation scores of each factor in the ARCS model as a 3D graph. As a result, a decreasing tendency of motivation was observed when the distribution of the plot widened. After studying the tendency in detail, it was thought to be due to the influence of the variance of sub-level category scores. In the proposed method, the motivation of each learner is assessed in each lesson using the ARCS assessment metric. If variance of the motivation scores of a learner in a lesson is above a certain threshold value AND if mean of the scores has not decreased from the previous lesson, then the learner is identified as a candidate of learner who needs support at that lesson. In the application experiment, a programming course with 9 lessons was offered and 9 learners attended all the 9 lessons. In the experiment, 7 cases had been identified as the candidates of learners who need support, and out of those 7 cases, a decrease of motivation to less than average was observed in 5 cases.

DOI： 10.1109/FIE.2014.7044221

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Evaluation of request for proposal (RFP) focusing on non-functional requirements

Yasuhiro Saito, Akito Monden, Kenichi Matsumoto

SEC journal   10 ( 3 )   30 - 37   2014

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コードの「不自然さ」に基づくソフトウェア保護機構のステルシネス評価

神﨑 雄一郎, 尾上 栄浩, 門田 暁人

情報処理学会論文誌   55 ( 2 )   1005 - 1015   2014

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Software Effort Estimation Models Incorporating Expert Judgment

55 ( 2 )   994 - 1004   2014

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Simulation of effort allocation strategies in software testing using bug module prediction

Daisuke Nakano, Akito Monden, Yasutaka Kamei, Kenichi Matsumoto

Computer Software   31 ( 2 )   118 - 128   2014

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To date, various techniques for predicting fault-prone modules have been proposed; however, test strategies, which assign a certain amount of test effort to each module, have been rarely studied. This paper proposes a simulation model of software testing that can evaluate various test strategies. The simulation model estimates the number of discoverable faults with respect to the given test resources, the test strategy, complexity metrics of a set of modules to be tested, and the fault prediction results. Based on a case study of simulation applying fault prediction to two open source software (Eclipse and Mylyn), we show the relationship between the available test effort and the effective test strategy.

DOI： 10.11309/jssst.31.2_118

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Industry Questions About Open Source Software in Business: Research Directions and Potential Answers

Akinori Ihara, Akito Monden, Ken-ichi Matsumoto

2014 6TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON EMPIRICAL SOFTWARE ENGINEERING IN PRACTICE (IWESEP 2014)   55 - 59   2014

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As open source software (OSS) has become an integral part of today's software businesses, many software companies rely on OSS to develop their customer solutions and products. On the other hand, they face various concerns in using OSS, such as technical support, quality, security and licensing issues. This paper focuses on OSS-related FAQ in industry, and tries to answer them or to provide research directions based on lessons learned from recent mining OSS repository researches.

DOI： 10.1109/IWESEP.2014.12

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Automatic Unsupervised Bug Report Categorization

Nachai Limsettho, Hideaki Hata, Akito Monden, Kenichi Matsumoto

2014 6TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON EMPIRICAL SOFTWARE ENGINEERING IN PRACTICE (IWESEP 2014)   7 - 12   2014

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Background: Information in bug reports is implicit and therefore difficult to comprehend. To extract its meaning, some processes are required. Categorizing bug reports is a technique that can help in this regard. It can be used to help in the bug reports management or to understand the underlying structure of the desired project. However, most researches in this area are focusing on a supervised learning approach that still requires a lot of human afford to prepare a training data. Aims: Our aim is to develop an automated framework than can categorize bug reports, according to their hidden characteristics and structures, without the needed for training data. Method: We solve this problem using clustering, unsupervised learning approach. It can automatically group bug reports together based on their textual similarity. We also propose a novel method to label each group with meaningful and representative names. Results: Experiment results show that our framework can achieve performance comparable to the supervised learning approaches. We also show that our labeling process can label each cluster with representative names according to its characteristic. Conclusion: Our framework could be used as an automated categorization system that can be applied without prior knowledge or as an automated labeling suggestion system.

DOI： 10.1109/IWESEP.2014.8

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バグモジュール予測を用いたテスト工数割り当て戦略のシミュレーション

中野 大輔, 門田 暁人, 亀井 靖高, 松本 健一

コンピュータ ソフトウェア   31 ( 2 )   118 - 128   2014

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Quantifying Programmers' Mental Workload during Program Comprehension Based on Cerebral Blood Flow Measurement: A Controlled Experiment

Takao Nakagawa, Yasutaka Kamei, Hidetake Uwano, Akito Monden, Kenichi Matsumoto, Daniel M. German

36TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING (ICSE COMPANION 2014)   448 - 451   2014

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Program comprehension is a fundamental activity in software development that cannot be easily measured, as it is performed inside the human brain. Using a wearable Near Infra-red Spectroscopy (NIRS) device to measure cerebral blood flow, this paper tries to answer the question: Can the measurement of brain blood-flow quantify programmers' mental workload during program comprehension activities? We performed a controlled experiment with 10 subjects; 8 of them showed high cerebral blood flow while understanding strongly obfuscated programs (requiring high mental workload). This suggests the possibility of using NIRS to measure the mental workload of a person during software development activities.

DOI： 10.1145/2591062.2591098

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On measuring the difficulty of program comprehension based on cerebral blood flow

Takao Nakagawa, Yasutaka Kamei, Hidetake Uwano, Akito Monden, Kenichi Matsumoto

Computer Software   31 ( 3 )   270 - 276   2014

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In this research, we aim to quantify the difficulty of program comprehension during source code reading. We use Near Infra-Red Spectroscopy(NIRS) to measure the activation of brain. As a result of an experiment with 10 subjects, 8 of them showed a strong activation in the brain during reading of strongly obfuscated programs that are extremely difficult to comprehend. We also normalized the data for each participant and aggregated them for statistical testing. As a result of t-test, significant difference (p < 0.001) was seen in the mean of the brain blood flow between obfuscated and non-obfuscated programs.

DOI： 10.11309/jssst.31.3_270

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On Measuring the Difficulty of Program Comprehension based on Cerebral Blood Flow

NAKAGAWA Takao, KAMEI Yasutaka, UWANO Hidetake, MONDEN Akito, MATSUMOTO Ken-ichi

Computer Software   31 ( 3 )   270 - 276   2014

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In this research, we aim to quantify the difficulty of program comprehension during source code reading. We use Near Infra-Red Spectroscopy(NIRS) to measure the activation of brain. As a result of an experiment with 10 subjects, 8 of them showed a strong activation in the brain during reading of strongly obfuscated programs that are extremely difficult to comprehend. We also normalized the data for each participant and aggregated them for statistical testing. As a result of t-test, significant difference (p < 0.001) was seen in the mean of the brain blood flow between obfuscated and non-obfuscated programs.

DOI： 10.11309/jssst.31.3_270

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Evaluation of Request For Proposal (RFP) Focusing on Non-Functional Requirements

SEC journal   10 ( 3 )   30 - 37   2014

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Assessing the Cost Effectiveness of Fault Prediction in Acceptance Testing

Akito Monden, Takuma Hayashi, Shoji Shinoda, Kumiko Shirai, Junichi Yoshida, Mike Barker, Kenichi Matsumoto

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING   39 ( 10 )   1345 - 1357   2013.10

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Until now, various techniques for predicting fault-prone modules have been proposed and evaluated in terms of their prediction performance; however, their actual contribution to business objectives such as quality improvement and cost reduction has rarely been assessed. This paper proposes using a simulation model of software testing to assess the cost effectiveness of test effort allocation strategies based on fault prediction results. The simulation model estimates the number of discoverable faults with respect to the given test resources, the resource allocation strategy, a set of modules to be tested, and the fault prediction results. In a case study applying fault prediction of a small system to acceptance testing in the telecommunication industry, results from our simulation model showed that the best strategy was to let the test effort be proportional to "the number of expected faults in a module x log(module size)." By using this strategy with our best fault prediction model, the test effort could be reduced by 25 percent while still detecting as many faults as were normally discovered in testing, although the company required about 6 percent of the test effort for metrics collection, data cleansing, and modeling. The simulation results also indicate that the lower bound of acceptable prediction accuracy is around 0.78 in terms of an effort-aware measure, Norm(P-opt). The results indicate that reduction of the test effort can be achieved by fault prediction only if the appropriate test strategy is employed with high enough fault prediction accuracy. Based on these preliminary results, we expect further research to assess their general validity with larger systems.

DOI： 10.1109/TSE.2013.21

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学習データの時間的変化に伴う欠陥モジュール予測モデルの評価

内垣聖史, 伊原彰紀, 門田暁人, 松本健一

ソフトウェアエンジニアリングシンポジウム2013論文集   2013   1 - 2   2013.9

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自主研究 ソフトウェア保守改善に向けたデータ分析

角田 雅照, 門田 暁人, 松本 健一

経済調査研究レビュー   ( 13 )   100 - 110   2013.9

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開発要員数とその誤差を考慮した工数見積もり方法

角田雅照, 門田暁人, 松本健一

研究報告ソフトウェア工学（SE）   2013 ( 7 )   1 - 6   2013.7

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数学的モデルに基づく工数見積もりでは，開発するソフトウェアの規模と生産性要因を説明変数として工数を見積もる．いくつかの先行研究では，開発要員数が工数見積もりモデルの説明変数として用いられている．要員数はプロジェクトの生産性との関連が強いことが指摘されており，要員数を説明変数として用いることにより，モデルの見積もり精度向上が期待できる．ただし，工数見積もり時における要員数は見積もり値であり，実績の要員数との誤差が生じることにより見積もり精度が低下する可能性がある．そこで本稿では要員数を用いた新たな見積もり方法を提案する．提案方法では，要員数が過去プロジェクト平均と比較して非常に小さいと見積もられた場合，要員数が小さいことを前提とするモデルを用いる．逆に，要員数が非常に大きいと見積もられた場合，要員数が大きいことを前提とするモデルを用いる．これらに当てはまらない場合，要員数を説明変数に含まないモデルを用いて工数を見積もる．評価実験において，要員数の誤差を実験的に変化させ，提案方法の見積もり精度を評価した．その結果，提案方法は要員数の誤差に対してロバストであり，特に要員数の誤差が不明な場合や誤差が大きい場合に有効に働くことがわかった．

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OSS開発におけるコミッターによる協調作業の一考察

林宏徳, 伊原彰紀, 門田暁人, 松本健一

研究報告セキュリティ心理学とトラスト（SPT）   2013 ( 6 )   1 - 4   2013.5

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昨今，ソフトウェア開発のコスト削減を目的として，商用ソフトウェアの一部にオープンソースソフトウェア (OSS) を利用する企業が増加している．OSS 導入時には，対象プロジェクトのリリース後における保守体制を理解することが重要であり，OSS 開発の不具合修正プロセスを分析する研究が進んでいる．不具合修正プロセス中のコミッターによるレビュー作業は，ソフトウェアをリリースする直前の作業であり，ソフトウェアの品質に最も影響を与える．したがって，コミッターの不十分なレビュー作業は開発の手戻り （再修正） を引き起こし作業効率の低下に繋がる．そこで本稿はコミッターのレビュー作業による OSS 品質への影響について考察する．

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Evaluation of RFPs Based on Machine Learning

2013 ( 5 )   1 - 7   2013.3

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Module Classification and Selection for Software Fault Prediction

MORI Makoto, MONDEN Akito, KAMEI Yasutaka, MATSUMOTO Ken-ichi

Technical report of IEICE. KBSE   112 ( 419 )   59 - 64   2013.1

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To prioritize testing effort, it is important to predict fault-prone modules that are likely to contain a fault To build a better fault-prone module prediction model, This paper proposes two methods (module classifica-tion and module selection) to produce a fit dataset (for model building) that has smulai aspects to the prediction target dataset so that resultant model may have a good prediction performance when it is applied to the target dataset By using Eclipse dataset, we experimentally evaluate the proposed methods.

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Industry Application of Research Findings from Mining Software Repositories

2013   21 - 22   2013.1

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Mining Software Repositories

MONDEN Akito, IHARA Akinori, MATSUMOTO Kenichi

Computer Software   30 ( 2 )   52 - 65   2013

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The Mining Software Repositories (MSR) is an attractive research field that has tons of research topics. It is great fun for a researcher to mine new research goals from software repositories. The MSR field has been grown up with OSS communities, as researchers have mined repositories of various open source software (OSS) projects until now. In this paper we introduce fun of the MSR field as well as its typical research topics, example of mining and future directions.

DOI： 10.11309/jssst.30.2_52

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An instruction folding method to prevent reverse engineering in java platform

Tetsuya Ohdo, Haruaki Tamada, Yuichiro Kanzaki, Akito Monden

SNPD 2013 - 14th ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking and Parallel/Distributed Computing   517 - 522   2013

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To improve tamper resistance of programs against illegal modification, this paper proposes instruction folding applicable to Java platform. In the proposed method, at first, similar methods are selected in a Java program. Next, these methods are merged into one method and diffs among these methods are stored in the program. Then, at runtime, when one of the merged methods is executed, diffs are restored by self-modification, which is realized by the Java instrumentation mechanism. The proposed method is resilient against tampering of folded method. Even if an adversary modifies the folded method, the program goes crash because the method is repeatedly modified at runtime. © 2013 IEEE.

DOI： 10.1109/SNPD.2013.31

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11種類のfault密度予測モデルの実証的評価

小林 寛武, 戸田 航史, 亀井 靖高, 門田 暁人, 峯 恒憲, 鵜林 尚靖

電子情報通信学会論文誌D   J96-D ( 8 )   1892 - 1902   2013

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Evaluation of Software Obfuscation Based on the Randomness of Instructions.

Ami Futamura, Akito Monden, Haruaki Tamada, Yuichiro Kanzaki, Masahide Nakamura, Kenichi Matsumoto

Computer Software   30 ( 3 )   18 - 24   2013

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This paper quantifies the difficulty of program analysis based on the information theory. The basic idea is to consider that a program is ultimately obfuscated if instructions appear at random
that is, (1) all instructions has an equal frequency of appearance, and (2) there is no pattern observed in the instruction sequence. We quantified (1) based on the entropy and (2) based on the Kolmogorov complexity. We evaluated the feasibility of our proposal through a case study. © 2013, Japan Society for Software Science and Technology. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.11309/jssst.30.3_18

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Hybrid Effort Estimation based on Multivariate Liner Regression and Analogy based Estimation

TODA Koji, TSUNODA Masateru, MONDEN Akito, MATSUMOTO Kenichi

Computer Software   30 ( 2 )   227 - 233   2013

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We propose a hybrid effort estimation method based on the multivariate liner regression analysis and the analogy based estimation method (ABE). First, our method calculates the unreliability index of ABE on an estimation target project. Next, our method selects log-log regression estimation when the value of the index is low. Otherwise our method selects ABE estimation or combined estimation (the average of ABE and log-log regression estimation). In the experiment, we compared estimation accuracies of our method with conventional methods, and the results showed that the median of Balanced Relative Error (estimation accuracy index) was improved from 47.2% to 39.7%, when the variance of similar projects' effort was used as the reliability index.

DOI： 10.11309/jssst.30.2_227

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Why is collaboration needed in OSS projects? A case study of eclipse project

Hironori Hayashi, Akinori Ihara, Akito Monden, Ken-Ichi Matsumoto

2013 5th International Workshop on Social Software Engineering, SSE 2013 - Proceedings   17 - 20   2013

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In open source software development, the collaboration among developers is the key to improve software quality. In particular, to fix a bug related to various parts of a system, developers need collaboration because each developer usually has very limited knowledge about a large software system. This paper aims to clarify how narrow (or how wide) is each developer's knowledge area in the Eclipse project, and how often do developers need to collaborate with each other. As a result of analysis, we found that 50 % of committers take care of just one or two modules, which indicates the necessity of collaboration when a bug-fix affects multiple modules. In addition, we also found the significant relationship between committers' collaborations and the re-opened bugs. We conclude that a committer should be aware the risk of re-opened bugs caused by the collaboration. Copyright 2013 ACM.

DOI： 10.1145/2501535.2501539

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The Effects of Teaching Material Remediation with ARCS-Strategies for Programming Education

Hidekuni Tsukamoto, Yasubiro Takemura, Hideo Nagumo, Akito Monden, Ken-ichi Matsumoto

2013 IEEE FRONTIERS IN EDUCATION CONFERENCE   717 - 723   2013

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Language：English   Publisher：IEEE  

In this paper, a method for improving the teaching materials of programming education is introduced, and the evaluation of the effects of using the strategy is presented. By using this method, the teachers of programming education will be able to assess and improve their teaching materials irrespective of their knowledge and experience of their teaching materials already used. In this method, the teaching materials were improved based on the statistical analysis of the motivation of students. Specifically, the motivation of students was measured for each lower category of ARCS motivation model with the authors' original questionnaire. The lower category in a particular lesson that showed a statistically significant decrease from the previous lesson was identified, and the improvement strategies for the lower category were selected from the list of motivation strategies in the ARCS model. The teaching materials of programming education were then improved based on the strategy. In this research, five lower categories of particular lessons in a programming course were identified, and the teaching materials were improved. The improved teaching materials were used in the following programming course, and the effects of the improvements were seen in three lower categories out of the identified five lower categories.

DOI： 10.1109/FIE.2013.6684920

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ARCS動機づけ方略と統計的検定に基づくプログラミング教材の改善とその評価

塚本英邦, 南雲秀雄, 門田暁人, 松本健一

日本産業技術教育学会誌   55 ( 4 )   307 - 315   2013

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Patch Reviewer Recommendation in OSS Projects

John Boaz Lee, Akinori Ihara, Akito Monden, Ken-ichi Matsumoto

2013 20TH ASIA-PACIFIC SOFTWARE ENGINEERING CONFERENCE (APSEC 2013), VOL 2   2   1 - 6   2013

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In an Open Source Software (OSS) project, many developers contribute by submitting source code patches. To maintain the quality of the code, certain experienced developers review each patch before it can be applied or committed. Ideally, within a short amount of time after its submission, a patch is assigned to a reviewer and reviewed. In the real world, however, many large and active OSS projects evolve at a rapid pace and the core developers can get swamped with a large number of patches to review. Furthermore, since these core members may not always be available or may choose to leave the project, it can be challenging, at times, to find a good reviewer for a patch. In this paper, we propose a graph-based method to automatically recommend the most suitable reviewers for a patch. To evaluate our method, we conducted experiments to predict the developers who will apply new changes to the source code in the Eclipse project. Our method achieved an average recall of 0.84 for top-5 predictions and a recall of 0.94 for top-10 predictions.

DOI： 10.1109/APSEC.2013.103

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Improving Analogy-based Software Cost Estimation through Probabilistic-based Similarity Measures

Passakorn Phannachitta, Jacky Keung, Akito Monden, Ken-Ichi Matsumoto

2013 20TH ASIA-PACIFIC SOFTWARE ENGINEERING CONFERENCE (APSEC 2013), VOL 1   541 - 546   2013

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The performance of software cost estimation based on analogy reasoning depends upon the measures that specifying the similarity between software projects. This paper empirically investigates the use of probabilistic-based distance functions to improve the similarity measurement. The probabilistic-based distance functions are considerably more robust, because they collect the implicit correlation between the occurrences of project feature attributes. This information gain enables the constructed estimation model to be more concise and comprehensible. The study compares 6 probabilistic-based distance functions against the commonly-used Euclidian distance. We empirically evaluate the implemented cost estimation model using 5 real-world datasets collected from the PROMISE repository. The result shows a significant improvement in terms of error reduction, that implies an estimation based on probabilistic-based distance functions achieve higher accuracy on average, and the peak performance significantly outperforms the Euclidian distance based on Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

DOI： 10.1109/APSEC.2013.78

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OSS開発におけるコミッターによる協調作業の一考察

林宏徳, 伊原彰紀, 門田暁人, 松本健一

電子情報通信学会技術研究報告   113 ( 43(LOIS2013 1-5) )   2013

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OSS開発における一般開発者の協調作業と不具合の再修正に関する一考察

林宏徳, 伊原彰紀, 門田暁人, 松本健一

情報処理学会シンポジウムシリーズ(CD-ROM)   2013 ( 2 )   2013

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Discussion of A Method for Redundancy to Invoke Tasks and A Method To Keep A Priority Order for Dispatching A Task in the Embedded RTOS

平井勝彦, 伊原彰紀, 門田暁人, 松本健一

情報処理学会研究報告(CD-ROM)   2012 ( 6 )   2013

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Customizing GQM Models for Software Project Monitoring

Akito Monden, Tomoko Matsumura, Mike Barker, Koji Torii, Victor R. Basili

IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION AND SYSTEMS   E95D ( 9 )   2169 - 2182   2012.9

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This paper customizes Goal/Question/Metric (GQM) project monitoring models for various projects and organizations to take advantage of the data from the software tool EPM and to allow the tailoring of the interpretation models based upon the context and success criteria for each project and organization. The basic idea is to build less concrete models that do not include explicit baseline values to interpret metrics values. Instead, we add hypothesis and interpretation layers to the models to help people of different projects make decisions in their own context. We applied the models to two industrial projects, and found that our less concrete models could successfully identify typical problems in software projects.

DOI： 10.1587/transinf.E95.D.2169

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An Attempt of Software Effort Prediction using Multivariate Log-log Regression by Random Sampling of Explanatory Variables

小西 文章, 内田 眞司, 戸田 航史, 門田 暁人

研究報告ソフトウェア工学（SE）   2012 ( 2 )   1 - 8   2012.3

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ソフトウェア開発における工数予測は，プロジェクト完遂に必要な人的資源やスケジュール管理を行う上で重要である．工数予測手法には，過去のソフトウェア開発プロジェクトの実績データに基づいて，工数予測モデルを構築する手法がある．我々は，工数予測モデルの中で広く用いられている対数重回帰分析によるモデル （対数重回帰モデル） に着目した．対数重回帰モデルは，オーバーフィッティングが発生する可能性があるという問題がある．そこで本稿では，オーバーフィッティングに考慮した説明変数のランダムサンプリングを用いた対数重回帰モデルによるソフトウェア開発工数予測手法を提案する．Effort estimation is important for project managers in controlling human resources in a software project. There is the method which builds an effort estimation model based on software measurement data. We focused the model by multivariate log-log regression analysis, multivariate log-log regression model that is widely used to predict effort. Multivariate log-log regression model have the annoying problem of over-fitting. In this paper, We propose the technique of performing effort prediction using multivariate log-log regression model which takes the problem of over-fitting into consideration.

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Elicitation and Analysis of Maintenance and Operation Metrics for Request For Proposal(RFP)

2012 ( 1 )   1 - 10   2012.3

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受託開発ソフトウェアの保守における作業効率の要因

角田 雅照, 門田 暁人, 松本 健一, 押野 智樹

コンピュータ ソフトウェア   29 ( 3 )   157 - 163   2012

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DOI： 10.11309/jssst.29.3_157

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Evaluation of Non Functional Requirements in a Request For Proposal (RFP)

Yasuhiro Saito, Akito Monden, Kenichi Matsumoto

PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2012 JOINT CONFERENCE OF THE 22ND INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON SOFTWARE MEASUREMENT AND THE 2012 SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOFTWARE PROCESS AND PRODUCT MEASUREMENT (IWSM-MENSURA 2012)   106 - 111   2012

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In the beginning of a contracted based software development project, the RFP is provided by a software user company and used as an initial system requirements specification to ask software developer companies to propose their technical plans to fulfill the requirements. In this process, it is very important to evaluate the quality of the RFP to make sure that basic user requirements are written enough. Especially, nonfunctional requirements (NFRs) are important since the system architecture greatly depends on the NFRs such as response time and security issues. This paper proposes a simple evaluation model of NFRs included in the RFP, mainly focusing on the user maintenance and operation issues. This model consists of NFR categories, NFR metrics, description level grading and weight to each NFR. As a case study, RFPs of 29 projects were evaluated by the proposed model. As a result, we confirmed that the model could identify poorly-written NFR aspects in the RFP, which need refinement before asking the developer company for a proposal.

DOI： 10.1109/IWSM-MENSURA.2012.23

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Program Encryption Based on the Execution Time

Hideshi Sakaguchi, Yuichiro Kanzaki, Akito Monden

Proc. International Symposium on Technology for Sustainability (ISTS2012)   188 - 191   2012

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A Heuristic Rule Reduction Approach to Software Fault-proneness Prediction

Akito Monden, Jacky Keung, Shuji Morisaki, Yasutaka Kamei, Ken-ichi Matsumoto

2012 19TH ASIA-PACIFIC SOFTWARE ENGINEERING CONFERENCE (APSEC), VOL 1   838 - 847   2012

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Background: Association rules are more comprehensive and understandable than fault-prone module predictors (such as logistic regression model, random forest and support vector machine). One of the challenges is that there are usually too many similar rules to be extracted by the rule mining.
Aim: This paper proposes a rule reduction technique that can eliminate complex (long) and/or similar rules without sacrificing the prediction performance as much as possible.
Method: The notion of the method is to removing long and similar rules unless their confidence level as a heuristic is high enough than shorter rules. For example, it starts with selecting rules with shortest length (length=1), and then it continues through the 2nd shortest rules selection (length=2) based on the current confidence level, this process is repeated on the selection for longer rules until no rules are worth included.
Result: An empirical experiment has been conducted with the Mylyn and Eclipse PDE datasets. The result of the Mylyn dataset showed the proposed method was able to reduce the number of rules from 1347 down to 13, while the delta of the prediction performance was only .015 (from .757 down to .742) in terms of the F1 prediction criteria. In the experiment with Eclipsed PDE dataset, the proposed method reduced the number of rules from 398 to 12, while the prediction performance even improved (from .426 to .441.)
Conclusion: The novel technique introduced resolves the rule explosion problem in association rule mining for software proneness prediction, which is significant and provides better understanding of the causes of faulty modules.

DOI： 10.1109/APSEC.2012.103

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Incorporating Expert Judgment into Regression Models of Software Effort Estimation

Masateru Tsunoda, Akito Monden, Jacky Keung, Kenichi Matsumoto

2012 19TH ASIA-PACIFIC SOFTWARE ENGINEERING CONFERENCE (APSEC), VOL 1   374 - 379   2012

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One of the common problems in building an effort estimation model is that not all the effort factors are suitable as predictor variables. As a supplement of missing information in estimation models, this paper explores the project manager's knowledge about the target project. We assume that the experts can judge the target project's productivity level based on his/her own expert knowledge about the project. We also assume that this judgment can be further improved, because using the expert's judgment solely could incur subjective perception. This paper proposes a regression model building/selection method to address this challenge. In the proposed method, a fit dataset for model building is divided into two or three subsets by project productivity, and an estimation model is built on each data subset. The expert judges the productivity level of the target project and selects one of the models to be used. In the experiment, we used three datasets to evaluate the produced effort estimation models. In the experiment, we adjusted the error rate of the judgment and analyzed the relationship between the error rate and the estimation accuracy. As a result, the judgment-incorporating models produced significantly higher estimation accuracy than the conventional linear regression model, where the expert's error rate is less than 37%.

DOI： 10.1109/APSEC.2012.58

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An Investigation on Software Bug-Fix Prediction for Open Source Software Projects-A Case Study on the Eclipse Project

Akinori Ihara, Yasutaka Kamei, Akito Monden, Masao Ohira, Jacky Wai Keung, Naoyasu Ubayashi, Ken-ichi Matsumoto

2012 19TH ASIA-PACIFIC SOFTWARE ENGINEERING CONFERENCE WORKSHOPS (APSECW), VOL. 2   2   112 - 119   2012

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Open source software projects (OSS) receive a large number of bug reports from various contributors and developers alike, where many planned to be fixed by OSS developers. Given the next release cycle information, OSS users can be more effective and flexible in planning and to fix the bugs that are not to be fixed in the next release. It is therefore vital for OSS users to learn which bugs the OSS developers will fix, unfortunately such information may not be readily available, nor there is a prediction framework exists to serve such an important purpose. In this study, we would like to answer the question "Will this bug be fixed by the next release?", this is addressed by building a bug fixing prediction model based on the characteristics of a bug-related metric and by incorporating the progress of bug fixing measures such as status, period and developer metrics to provide aggregated information for the OSS users. The proposed model calculates the deviance of each variable to analyze the most important metrics, and it has been experimented using a case study with Eclipse platform. Result shows a bug fixing prediction model using both base metrics and state metrics provide significantly better performance in precision (139%) and recall (114%) than the standard model using only base metrics.

DOI： 10.1109/APSEC.2012.86

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生産性に基づくソフトウェア開発工数予測モデル

門田 暁人, 松本 健一, 大岩 佐和子, 押野 智樹

経済調査研究レビュー   11 ( 11 )   32 - 37   2012

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Handling Categorical Variables in Effort Estimation

Masateru Tsunoda, Sousuke Amasaki, Akito Monden

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACM-IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EMPIRICAL SOFTWARE ENGINEERING AND MEASUREMENT (ESEM'12)   99 - 102   2012

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Background: Accurate effort estimation is the basis of the software development project management. The linear regression model is one of the widely-used methods for the purpose. A dataset used to build a model often includes categorical variables denoting such as programming languages. Categorical variables are usually handled with two methods: the stratification and dummy variables. Those methods have a positive effect on accuracy but have shortcomings. The other handing method, the interaction and the hierarchical linear model (HLM), might be able to compensate for them. However, the two methods have not been examined in the research area. Aim: giving useful suggestions for handling categorical variables with the stratification, transforming dummy variables, the interaction, or HLM, when building an estimation model. Method: We built estimation models with the four handling methods on ISBSG, NASA, and Desharnais datasets, and compared accuracy of the methods with each other. Results: The most effective method was different for datasets, and the difference was statistically significant on both mean balanced relative error (MBRE) and mean magnitude of relative error (MMRE). The interaction and HLM were effective in a certain case. Conclusions: The stratification and transforming dummy variables should be tried at least, for obtaining an accurate model. In addition, we suggest that the application of the interaction and HLM should be considered when building the estimation model.

DOI： 10.1145/2372251.2372267

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Analysis of attributes relating to custom software price

Masateru Tsunoda, Akito Monden, Kenichi Matsumoto, Sawako Ohiwa, Tomoki Oshino

Proceedings - 2012 4th International Workshop on Empirical Software Engineering in Practice, IWESEP 2012   16 - 22   2012

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Price of custom software is very important for a user (end user company). However, there is very little information which helps the user judge the validity of the custom software price. So, one of our research goals is building price estimation model and showing its accuracy for the user to judge the validity of the custom software price. The other goal is how to get value for money custom software. In the analysis, we used 31 projects collected from Japanese organizations. First, we analyzed relationships of unit price of effort, unit price of FP (function point), and productivity. The analysis result showed productivity is more important variable than unit price of effort for the custom software price estimation. Next, relationships of other variables were analyzed to identify important variables for the price estimation. The result suggested some variables such as system architecture are important for that. At the end, the price was estimated based on FP and effort. In the analysis, when the price was estimated based on FP, the median balanced relative error (BRE) was 86.6%, and when it was estimated based on effort, median BRE was 20.2%. © 2012 IEEE.

DOI： 10.1109/IWESEP.2012.19

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An ensemble approach of simple regression models to cross-project fault prediction

Satoshi Uchigaki, Shinji Uchida, Koji Toda, Akito Monden

Proceedings - 13th ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking, and Parallel/Distributed Computing, SNPD 2012   476 - 481   2012

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In software development, prediction of fault-prone modules is an important challenge for effective software testing. However, high prediction accuracy may not be achieved in cross-project prediction, since there is a large difference in distribution of predictor variables between the base project and the target project.@In this paper we propose an prediction technique called gan ensemble of simple regression modelsh to improve the prediction accuracy of cross-project prediction. The proposed method uses weighted sum of outputs of simple logistic regression models to improve the generalization ability of logistic models. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, we conducted cross-project prediction using datasets of projects from NASA IV&amp
V Facility Metrics Data Program. As a result, the proposed method outperformed conventional logistic regression models in terms of AUC of the Alberg diagram. © 2012 IEEE.

DOI： 10.1109/SNPD.2012.34

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ソフトウェア開発プロジェクトをまたがるfault-proneモジュール判別の試み - 18プロジェクトの実験から得た教訓

藏本 達也, 亀井 靖高, 門田 暁人, 松本 健一

電子情報通信学会論文誌D   J95-D ( 3 )   425 - 436   2012

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類似性に基づくソフトウェア開発工数見積もりにおける外れ値除去法の比較

角田 雅照, 門田 暁人, 渡邊 瑞穂, 柿元 健, 松本 健一

電子情報通信学会論文誌 D   J95-D ( 4 )   895 - 908   2012

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An empirical evaluation of outlier deletion methods for analogy-based cost estimation Reviewed

Masateru Tsunoda, Akito Monden, Takeshi Kakimoto, Ken-ichi Matsumoto

Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Predictive Models in Software Engineering   17   1 - 10   2011.9

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Reduction of Association Rules for Fault-prone Module Detection

2011 ( 20 )   1 - 6   2011.3

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D-3-4 An Approach of Software Development Effort Estimation by Random Forests

Konishi Fumiaki, Uchida Shinji, Toda Koji, Monden Akito

Proceedings of the IEICE General Conference   2011 ( 1 )   2011.2

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B-18-2 A Study on Test Case Allocation by Fault-prone Module Detection

Hayashi Takuma, Shinoda Shoji, Shirai Kumiko, Yoshida Junichi, Monden Akito, Matsumoto Kenichi

Proceedings of the Society Conference of IEICE   2   406 - 406   2011

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Applying Outlier Deletion to Analosgy Based Cost Estimation Reviewed

Masateru Tsunoda, Akito Monden, Mizuho Watanabe, Takeshi Kakimoto, Ken-ichi Matsumoto

In Proceedings of International Workshop on Empirical Software Engineering in Practice   13 - 18   2010.12

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Working Time Measurement for Improving Awareness in Deskwork

SHIMOMURA YOSUKE, KURAMOTO TATSUYA, MONDEN AKITO, MATSUMOTO KEN-ICHI

2010 ( 1 )   1 - 8   2010.3

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An Analysis of Relationship between Coding Style Metrics and Source Code Plagiarism

TAKEDA TAKAYUKI, USHIMADO TOMOYOSHI, YAMAUCHI HIROKI, MONDEN AKITO, MATSUMOTO KEN-ICHI

2010 ( 8 )   1 - 8   2010.3

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Influence of Imbalance Data toward Cost Overrun Project Prediction

SHIBATA JUN-ICHIRO, TSUNODA MASATERU, MONDEN AKITO, MATSUMOTO KEN-ICHI

2010 ( 36 )   1 - 6   2010.3

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線形重回帰モデルを用いたソフトウェア開発工数予測における対数変換の効果

門田暁人

コンピュータソフトウェア   27 ( 4 )   234 - 239   2010

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Detection of Source Code Reuse based on Code Clone Metrics

OKAHARA Satoshi, MANABE Yuki, YAMAUCHI Hiroki, MONDEN Akito, MATSUMOTO Ken-ichi

IEICE technical report   109 ( 307 )   73 - 78   2009.11

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In recent software development, programmers often reuse source code of Open Source Software (OSS) as a part of commercial product. While reusing OSS increase productivity, it raises a new risks of violating OSS license to both software venders and purchasers. This paper proposes a method to detect reuse of source code based on code clone metrics. For two code clone metrics, maximum length of code clone and partial similarity of software, we experimentally derived criteria to identify the reuse, by using 50 OSS packages. By using derived criteria, we could correctly identify 84% of products containing reused code without having false-positive.

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Performance Improvement of Fault-prone Module Prediction by Normalization of Software Metrics

KURAMOTO Tatsuya, MATSUMOTO Shinsuke, KAMEI Yasutaka, MONDEN Akito, MATSUMOTO Ken-ichi

2009 ( 11 )   1 - 6   2009.10

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B-009 A Method for Hiding Program Code Focused on the Execution Time Difference

Kanzaki Yuichiro, Monden Akito

8 ( 1 )   361 - 364   2009.8

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Software Classification According to their Functionality based on Used Classes

USHIMADO Tomoyoshi, MONDEN Akito, TAMADA Haruaki, MATSUMOTO Kenichi

IEICE technical report   109 ( 170 )   31 - 36   2009.7

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In software development, to implement given functional specifications, developers generally use class files from well-known class libraries. Therefore, a set of library classes used by software seems to have a strong relationship with the functionality of the software. In this paper we propose a method to classify software from their functional viewpoints based on used classes. In the proposed method, the distance between two software is calculated based on the number of uses of each library class, and, software is classified by hierarchical clustering. As a result of an experimental evaluation, the most appropriate classification was obtained when the tf-idf method and Euclidean distance was employed to calculate the distance.

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Modeling of Test Effort Allocation and Software Reliability in Fault-prone Module Detection

50 ( 7 )   1716 - 1724   2009.7

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The Effect of Collaborative Filtering on Software Component Recommendation

2009.3

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自主研究 ソフトウェア開発費に影響する要因の分析

角田 雅照, 門田 暁人, 松本 健一

経済調査研究レビュー   ( 4 )   80 - 92   2009.3

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Experimentally Deriving Probability of Program Piracy based on Length of Code Clone

OKAHARA Satoshi, MANABE Yuki, YAMAUCHI Hiroki, MONDEN Akito, MATSUMOTO Kenichi, INOUE Katsuro

IEICE technical report   108 ( 362 )   7 - 11   2008.12

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Generally, if a piece of code clone was found between two different programs, a plagiarism or a code reuse (program piracy) might be made. On the other hand, code clone also occurs accidentally or by code idioms. This paper experimentally derives the probability of program piracy based on length of code clone. In the experiment, we identified code clones among many different programs which we confirmed that program piracy has not been made, and formulated by power approximation the relation between the length of code clone and its derivation probability. By using this formula, we can compute the probability of program piracy from the maximum length of code clone derived from given two programs.

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Empirical Evaluation of Missing Data Techniques for Effort Estimation Reviewed

Koichi Tamura, Takeshi Kakimoto, Koji Toda, Masateru Tsunoda, Akito Monden, Ken-ichi Matsumoto

In Proceedings of 2nd International Workshop on Software Productivity Analysis And Cost Estimation   4 - 9   2008.12

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バグ予測で信頼性はどれだけ向上するのか？-テスト工数割り当ての観点からの従来研究の評価 Reviewed

柿元健, 亀井靖高, 柗本真祐, 門田暁人, 松本健一, 楠本真二

ソフトウェア工学の基礎XV，日本ソフトウェア科学会FOSE2008   63 - 68   2008.11

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The Heisei 19 IPSJ Nagao Special Researcher Award : IPSJ Nagao Special Resercher Award : Data Driven Software Project Management

49 ( 7 )   844 - 844   2008.7

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Effective Use of Software Development Data from Software Users' View Points

松村知子, 森崎修司, 門田暁人, 楠本真二, 飯田元, 松本健一, 久保浩三, 井上克郎

情報処理学会研究報告   2008 ( 29(SE-159) )   219 - 226   2008.3

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Nowadays, high quality software system is required because our society increasingly depends on software systems. We propose "Software Tag", a technology to share the software development data, for software users to choose secure and reliable software. Software tags include data of software development process and quality of software artifacts, and should be shown to software users to judge if it would be usable or not. In this report, we explain the idea of software tags and usage models, and report the progress of detailed technical researches for practical application to the society.

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Measurement of Program Reuse-ratio in Enhancement Projects using Software Birthmarks

TAMADA Haruaki, MORISAKI Shuji, MONDEN Akito, MATSUMOTO Ken-ichi

70   399 - 400   2008.3

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Software Effort Estimation Model Using Team Size per System Size

TSUNODA Masateru, MONDEN Akito, MATSUMOTO Ken-ichi

70   401 - 402   2008.3

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An Analysis of System Issue Tracking Data by Association Rule Mining

TOKUGAWA Hiroyuki, MORISAKI Shuji, MATSUMURA Tomoko, MONDEN Akito, MATSUMOTO Kenichi

70   397 - 398   2008.3

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バグモジュール率を従属変数としたFault-Proneモジュール判別モデルの提案

水野 勇貴, 内田 眞司, 門田 暁人

全国大会講演論文集   70   323 - 324   2008.3

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Analyzing factors of defect correction effort in a multi-vendor information system developmen

Tomoko Matsumura, Akito Monden, Shuji Morisaki, Kenichi Matsumoto

Journal of Computer Information Systems   XLIX ( 1 )   73 - 80   2008

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相関ルール分析とロジスティック回帰分析を組み合わせたFault- Proneモジュール判別手法

亀井靖高, 森崎修司, 門田暁人, 松本健一

情報処理学会論文誌   49 ( 12 )   3954 - 3966   2008

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工数予測における類似性に基づく欠損値補完の効果 Reviewed

田村晃一, 柿元健, 戸田航史, 角田雅照, 門田暁人, 松本健一

ソフトウェア工学の基礎XIV, 日本ソフトウェア科学会FOSE2007   85 - 93   2007.11

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Fault-Prone モジュール判別におけるF1値とソフトウェア信頼性の関係 Reviewed

柿元健, 門田暁人, 亀井靖高, 柗本真佑, 松本健一

ソフトウェア工学の基礎XIV, 日本ソフトウェア科学会FOSE2007   75 - 83   2007.11

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The Effect of Removing Noisy Projects in Software Development Effort Estimation

24   1 - 7   2007.9

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The effects of over and under sampling on fault-prone module detection Reviewed

Yasutaka Kamei, Akito Monden, Shinsuke Matsumoto, Takeshi Kakimoto, Ken-ichi Matsumoto

ESEM '07 : Proc. First Intl. Symposium on Empirical Softw. Eng. and Measurement   196 - 204   2007.9

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DOI： 10.1109/ESEM.2007.80

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Is This Cost Estimate Reliable? - the Relationship between Homogeneity of Analogues and Estimation Reliability Reviewed

Naoki Ohsugi, Akito Monden, Nahomi Kikuchi, Michael Barker, Masateru Tsunoda, Takeshi Kakimoto, Ken-ichi Matsumoto

In Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement   384 - 392   2007.9

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DOI： 10.1109/ESEM.2007.61

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Applying Sampling Methods to Fault-prone Module Detection

2007.8

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プロジェクト間の類似性に基づくソフトウェアメトリクスの欠損値の補完

田村晃一, 柿元健, 戸田航史, 角田雅照, 門田暁人, 松本健一

ソフトウェア信頼性研究会第4 回ワークショップ   17 - 23   2007.6

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類似した命令列の畳込みによるプログラムの耐タンパ性の向上

Takashi Nishioka, Hiroki Yamauchi, Akito Monden, Masahide Nakamura, Ken-ichi Matsumoto

情報処理学会研究報告, ソフトウェア工学研究会   2007-SE-155 ( 33 )   167 - 174   2007.3

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This technical report proposes a software tamper proofing method called instruction folding. In this method, a set of similar (but sligtly different) instruction sequences is detected in a program, and then, they are integrated (folded) into a single instruction sequence. A self-modifying mechanism is applied to the folded sequence to bridge the gap between those slightly different sequences at run-time. The folded sequence is tamper resistant since tampering affects every functionality where original (similar) instruction sequences were present.

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高級言語レベルでの偽装内容の指定が可能なプログラムのカムフラージュ

Yuichiro Kanzaki, Akito Monden, Masahide Nakamura, Ken-ichi Matsumoto

2007年暗号と情報セキュリティシンポジウム(SCIS2007)予稿集CD-ROM(講演番号4D1-3)   2007.1

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C言語におけるライブラリ呼び出し隠蔽のための名前難読化手法

Haruaki Tamada, Masahide Nakamura, Akito Monden, Ken-ichi Matsumoto

暗号と情報セキュリティシンポジウム (SCIS2007)   2007.1

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ソフトウェア開発工数予測における特異プロジェクト除去の効果

渡邊瑞穂, 柿元健, 戸田航史, 門田暁人, 松本健一

日本ソフトウエア科学会大会講演論文集(CD-ROM)   24th   7B-2   2007

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A proposal for analysis and prediction for software projects using in-process measurements and collaborative filtering of a benchmarks database

Yoshiki Mitani, Nahomi Kikuchi, Tomoko Matsumura, Naoki Ohsugi, Akito Monden, Yoshiki Higo, Katsuro Inoue, Michael Barker, Ken-ichi Matsumoto

Journal of Software Measurement   1 ( 1 )   1 - 11   2007

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Mining quantitative rules in a software project data set

Shuji Morisaki, Akito Monden, Haruaki Tamada, Tomoko Matsumura, Ken-ichi Matsumoto

IPSJ Journal   48 ( 8 )   2725 - 2734   2007

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マルチベンダ情報システム開発における障害修正工数の要因分析

松村知子, 門田暁人, 森崎修司, 松本健一

情報処理学会論文誌   48 ( 5 )   1926 - 1935   2007

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Variable Selection for Effort Estimation based on Similarity of Projects

TAKI Shinya, KAKIMOTO Takeshi, TSUNODA Masateru, OHSUGI Naoki, MONDEN Akito, MATSUMOTO Ken-ichi

Technical report of IEICE. SS   106 ( 325 )   1 - 6   2006.10

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Analogy-based estimation methods have been researched for deriving accurate effort estimate required to complete a project; however, there were few activities to develop efficient variable selection methods. In this paper, we propose Correlation Based Selection (CBS) excluding variables that do not correlate with the total effort. The proposed method needs few calculation amounts because it calculates only the correlation coefficients between the total effort and each variable in the data. We experimentally evaluated accuracy of the proposed method by using the data collected from a softwar...

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Analyzing Oss Developers’ Working Time Using Mailing Lists Archives Reviewed

Masateru Tsunoda, Akito Monden, Takeshi Kakimoto, Yasutaka Kamei, Ken-ichi Matsumoto

In Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Mining Software Repositories Mining Challenge 2006   181 - 182   2006.5

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Using Software Birthmarks to Identify Similar Classes and Major Functionalities Reviewed

Takeshi Kakimoto, Akito Monden, Yasutaka Kamei, Haruaki Tamada, Masateru Tsunoda, Ken-ichi Matsumoto

Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Mining Software Repositories (MSR2006) Mining Challenge 2006, May, Shanghai, China   171 - 172   2006.5

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DOI： 10.1145/1137983.1138026

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Software Productivity Analysis with respect to Outsourcing Ratio

TSUNODA Masateru, MONDEN Akito, YADOHISA Hiroshi, KIKUCHI Nahomi, MATSUMOTO Ken-ichi

IEICE technical report   106 ( 16 )   19 - 24   2006.4

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To clarify the relation between controllable attributes of a software development and its productivity, this paper experimentally analyzed 253 enterprise software development projects of software development companies, established by Software Engineering Center (SEC), Information-technology Promotion Agency. In the experiment, as controllable attributes, we focused on the outsourcing ratio of a software project, defined as an effort outsourced to subcontract companies divided by a whole development effort. Our major findings include larger outsourcing ratio yields worse productivity.

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A Recommendation Method of Useful Software Components for Ongoing Project

KAMEI Yasutaka, TSUNODA Masateru, KAKIMOTO Takeshi, OHSUGI Naoki, MONDEN Akito, MATSUMOTO Ken-ichi

Technical report of IEICE. SS   106 ( 16 )   25 - 30   2006.4

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Many software components have been provided by development platform vendors, for achieving efficient development of high quality software; however, some practitioners cannot find useful components because number of the provided components is too large. For solving this problem, we propose a method based on collaborative filtering for recommending useful components to each ongoing project. In the proposed method, at first, some past projects similar to given ongoing project are retrieved by calculating similarity with number of common components used in the ongoing project and each past proj...

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企業横断的収集データに基づくソフトウェア開発プロジェクトの工数見積もり

大杉 直樹, 角田 雅照, 門田 暁人, 松村 知子, 松本 健一, 菊地 奈穂美

SEC journal   2 ( 5 )   16 - 25   2006

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Characterizing Software Projects Unpredictable by Effort Estimation Models

TODA Koji, TSUNODA Masateru, MONDEN Akito, MATSUMOTO Ken-ichi

IEICE technical report   105 ( 491 )   67 - 72   2005.12

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Effort prediction is necessary for project manegers to make software development plan. To predict development effort, various estimation moedels such as multivariate regression models or neural network model have been proposed. However, there is much difference in effort prediction accuracy among predicted projects. In this study, we experimentally analyzed the project charactaristics whose prediction accuracy tend to become worse. As a result, we identified some characteristics.

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攻撃タスクを考慮した難読化による暗号プログラムの保護

Hiroki Yamauchi, Yuichiro Kanzaki, Akito Monden, Masahide Nakamura, Ken-ichi Matsumoto

電子情報通信学会技術報告, ソフトウェアサイエンス研究会   105 ( SS2005-59 )   25 - 30   2005.12

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In this paper, we propose a cracker-centric approach to give a realistic guideline for applying software obfuscation methods to disrupt crackers' actions. As a case study, we define a security goal and a threat model for a Java implementation of a cryptomeria cipher (C2) program, and then, based on the model, we describe a guideline to protect secret keys included in the program.

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Recommendation of Software Technologies based on Collaborative Filtering Reviewed

Tomohiro Akinaga, Naoki Ohsugi, Masateru Tsunoda, Takeshi Kakimoto, Akito Monden, Ken-ichi Matsumoto

In Proceedings of the 12th Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference   209 - 214   2005.12

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DOI： 10.1109/APSEC.2005.94

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協調フィルタリングによる工数見積もり手法におけるデータ数と見積もり精度の関係の分析 Reviewed

柿元健, 角田雅照, 大杉直樹, 門田暁人, 松本健一

ソフトウェア工学の基礎XII, 日本ソフトウェア科学会FOSE2005   77 - 86   2005.11

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A Comparison of Effort Prediction Methods Using Similar Projects

TSUNODA Masateru, KAKIMOTO Takeshi, OHSUGI Naoki, MONDEN Akito, MATSUMOTO Kenichi

Technical report of IEICE. SS   105 ( 331 )   45 - 50   2005.10

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Due to heterogeneity of recent software development organizations and software processes, a single effort prediction model, such as COCOMO and regression models, often does not perform well to predict an individual project. On the other hand, effort prediction methods based on project similarity (Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) and Collaborative Filtering (CF)) have become an attractive alternatives in recent years because they consider individuality of each project in prediction. However, there are no empirical evaluation conducted to compare CBR and CF. Therefore, we focus on these methods and...

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Javawock: A Java Class Recommender System based on Collaborative Filtering Reviewed

Masateru Tsunoda, Takeshi Kakimoto, Naoki Ohsugi, Akito Monden, Ken-ichi Matsumoto

In Proceedings of 17th International Conference on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering   491 - 497   2005.7

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Prediction of Project Cost Overrun Based on Collaborative Filtering

MOTOMURA Takuya, KAKIMOTO Takeshi, TSUNODA Masateru, OHSUGI Naoki, MONDEN Akito, MATSUMOTO Kenichi

Technical report of IEICE. SS   105 ( 229 )   35 - 40   2005.7

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In this paper, we evaluate estimation methods of software development cost overrun in an early development phase. To discriminate cost overrun projects, we used collaborative filtering technique whose predictor variables are the evaluation values of risk factors which influence the excess of cost. Data of 45 projects were used in an evaluation experiment. The result showed that precision and recall of user-based collaborative filtering was higher than liner discriminant analysis.

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Software Technology Recommendation Based on Collaborative Filtering

AKINAGA Tomohiro, OHSUGI Naoki, KAKIMOTO Takeshi, TSUNODA Masateru, MONDEN Akito, MATSUMOTO Kenichi

Technical report of IEICE. SS   105 ( 128 )   7 - 13   2005.6

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In recent years, much software development technology is proposed. It is difficult for the software engineer to be master of all these technologies. So it is necessary to select the technology that should acquire it beforehand. Then, we propose a system recommending the software exploitation technology that seems to be useful for engineer by using Collaborative Filtering. In the proposal method, first of all, the interest to each development technology is first investigated to each engineer. And, the engineer to whom the tendency to the interest is similar is discovered based on cooperated ...

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プログラマの視線を用いたレビュープロセスの分析

Hidetake Uwano, Noboru Nakamichi, Hiroshi Igaki, Monden Akito, Masahide Nakamura, Ken-ichi Matsumoto

信学技報SS2005 12-17   105 ( 128 )   21 - 26   2005.6

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Recent Software Protection Techniques - Hardware-assisted Tamper Prevention -

MONDEN Akito, Clark Thomborson

IPSJ Magazine   46 ( 5 )   558 - 563   2005.5

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Recent Software Protection Techniques - Software-only Tamper Prevention -

MONDEN Akito, Clark Thomborson

IPSJ Magazine   46 ( 4 )   431 - 437   2005.4

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Analysis of program comprehension that has effects on the code review achievement

栗山進, 大平雅雄, 門田暁人, 松本健一

電子情報通信学会技術研究報告   104 ( 571(SS2004 50-55) )   17 - 22   2005.1

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The goal of this study is to analyze the relationship between the level of program comprehension and the bug detection rate in a code review process. We examined the reviewer's comprehension level of a program after the review process was held by the reviewer. As a results of examinations, we have found that the bug detection rate correlated with the comprehension level of data structure and its manipulation while it did not correlated with the comprehension level of logic and interface. We also found the program comprehension was a necessary condition for detecting bugs.

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ソフトウェア実行時のAPI呼び出し履歴に基づく動的バースマークの実験的評価

Keiji Okamoto, Haruaki Tamada, Masahide Nakamura, Akito Monden, Ken-ichi Matsumoto

第46回プログラミング・シンポジウム報告集   41 - 50   2005.1

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Javaプログラムの動的解析のためのトレーサ埋め込みツール

Haruaki Tamada, Akito Monden, Masahide Nakamura, Ken-ichi Matsumoto

第46回プログラミング・シンポジウム報告集   51 - 62   2005.1

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Software analysis by code clones in open source software

Shinji Uchida, Akito Monden, Naoki Ohsugi, Toshihiro Kamiya, Ken-ichi Matsumoto, Hideo Kudo

Journal of Computer Information Systems   XLV ( 3 )   1 - 11   2005

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Evaluation of gaze-added target selection methods suitable for general GUIs

Monden, A., Matsumoto, K., Yamato, M.

International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology   24 ( 1 )   17 - 24   2005

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視線追跡装置とフットペダルを利用した実験支援インタフェース

門田暁人, 松矢明宏, 大和正武, 松本健一

教育システム情報学会誌   22 ( 2 )   127 - 133   2005

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協調フィルタリングを用いたソフトウェア開発工数予測方法

角田雅照, 大杉直樹, 門田暁人, 松本健一

情報処理学会論文誌   46 ( 5 )   1155 - 1164   2005

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変数更新の回数と分散に基づくプログラムのメンタルシミュレーションコスト評価

Takahisa Ishiguro, Hiroshi Igaki, Masahide Nakamura, Akito Monden, Ken-ichi Matsumoto

電子情報通信学会技術報告, ソフトウェアサイエンス研究会   SS2004-32   37 - 42   2004.11

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協調フィルタリングに基づく工数見積もりのロバスト性評価 Reviewed

柿元健, 角田雅照, 大杉直樹, 門田暁人, 松本健一

ソフトウェア工学の基礎XI, 日本ソフトウェア科学会 FOSE2004   73 - 84   2004.11

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ソフトウェア開発プロセスにおける情報漏えいのリスク評価

Yuichiro Kanzaki, Hiroshi Igaki, Masahide Nakamura, Akito Monden, Ken-ichi Matsumoto

コンピュータセキュリティシンポジウム2004論文集 (CSS2004)   2   775 - 780   2004.10

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A Java Class File Recommender System Based on Collaborative Filtering

KAKIMOTO Takeshi, TSUNODA Masateru, OHSUGI Naoki, MONDEN Akito, MATSUMOTO Ken'ichi

IEICE technical report. Dependable computing   104 ( 346 )   29 - 34   2004.10

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Today, most software development platforms provide various software components. However, some software developers are not aware of useful components because extremely large amount of components are provided. This paper propose a system recommending the developers some Java class files by using Collaborative Filtering. Once a developer venters a Java class file which has been developed in ongoing project, the proposed system investigates used Java classes in the entered class file. Next, the system finds some similar class files from already completed class files which made in the past proje...

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協調フィルタリングに基づくソフトウェア機能推薦システム

大杉直樹, 門田暁人, 森崎修司, 松本健一

情報処理学会論文誌   45 ( 1 )   267 - 278   2004

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A support system for software function discovery using histories of function executions

Morisaki, S., Shiraishi, Y., Yamato, M., Monden, A., Matsumoto, K.-I., Torii, K.

Systems and Computers in Japan   35 ( 12 )   93 - 106   2004

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An Application of Collaborative Filtering for Software Reliability Prediction

TSUNODA Masateru, OHSUGI Naoki, MONDEN Akito, MATSUMOTO Ken'ichi

Technical report of IEICE. SS   103 ( 482 )   19 - 24   2003.11

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Data sets recorded in software development projects often contain a large amount of missing values. It is difficult for multivariate regression models to accurately predict software reliability using such data. To solve this problem, we propose a method to apply Collaborative Filtering for software reliability prediction. In our method, we use Collaborative Filtering to select past software projects similar to a target project and to predict its reliability with selected past projects. We applied our method to actual software projects data to estimate accuracy of prediction. The result of the case study showed that Collaborative Filtering showed better prediction performance than conventional regression models.

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Java クラスファイルからプログラム指紋を抽出する方法の提案

Haruaki Tamada, Yuichiro Kanzaki, Masahide Nakamura, Akito Monden, Ken-ichi Matsumoto

電子情報通信学会技術報告, 情報セキュリティ研究会   ( ISEC2003-29 )   127 - 133   2003.7

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Program Obfuscation by Coding Data and Its Operation

SATO Hirotsugu, MONDEN Akito, MATSUMOTO Ken-ichi

Technical Report of IEICE   102 ( 743 )   13 - 18   2003.3

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Protecting a program against illegal hacking and manipulations is a crucial problem for the software industry. For this purpose, this paper proposes a systematic method to obfuscate a program by applying a specific transformation to data and operators in the program. The proposed method consists of the following three steps : (1) encode each data (operand) appearing in a given expression, (2) replace operators in the expression, so that the evaluated value of the expression becomes an encoded value, (3) decode the encoded value when required. We present a set of operator transformation rules applied to data encoding based on linear transformation. In the program obtained by the proposed method. the operators are applieddirectly to the encoded data, and thus, the data is observed in the program stack as an "encode" value. Therefore, the proposed method is especially effective for the program hacking based on stack monitoring at run-time. As a rsult, it can be applied effectively to protecting software systems with security-related components, such as decrypt keys, decoding algorithms, authentication.

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The Development of a Software Search Engine for the World Wide Web

KAMEI Toshiyuki, MONDEN Akito, MATUMOTO Ken'ichi

Technical report of IEICE. SS   102 ( 617 )   59 - 64   2003.1

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Although many software systems had been developed in the world, the knowledge of developments has not been effectively accumulated and reused. 0n the other hand, there are many information sources on the WWW that are useful for software development, such as source codes and their related documents. Some of useful information can be retrieved by the common web search engines, however. these engines do not necessarily contain software itself in the database. Moreover. they do not have a functionality suitable for retrieving software resources. This paper describes the design of a software search engine, which have an ability to crawl the WWW space, to collect and analyze software resources, and to provide them to users. The user of our engine can search software resources using a query including symbols and values in software, such as product metrics. This paper also describes an implementation of a prototype system and an example of retrieval.

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コードクローンに基づくレガシーソフトウェアの品質の分析

門田暁人, 佐藤慎一, 神谷年洋, 松本健一

情報処理学会論文誌   44 ( 8 )   2178 - 2188   2003

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潜在コーディング規則違反を原因とするフォールトの検出支援方法の提案

松村知子, 門田暁人, 松本健一

情報処理学会論文誌   44 ( 4 )   1070 - 1082   2003

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視線・マウス併用型インタフェースのドラッグ＆ドロップ操作への適用

大和正武, 神代和範, 門田暁人, 松本健一

情報処理学会論文誌   44 ( 1 )   166 - 175   2003

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生物学実験支援のための視線インタフェース

門田暁人, 松矢明宏, 大和正武, 松本健一

情報処理学会論文誌   44 ( 8 )   2266 - 2269   2003

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命令コードの実行時置き換えによるプログラムの解析防止

Yuichiro Kanzaki, Akito Monden, Masahide Nakamura, Ken-ichi Matsumoto

信学技報, 情報セキュリティ研究会   ISEC2002-98 ( 511 )   13 - 19   2002.12

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In this paper, we present a new method to protect software against illegal acts of hacking. The key idea is to add a mechanism of self-modifying codes to the original binary program, so that the original program becomes hard to be analyzed. In the binary program obtained by the proposed method, the original code fragments we want to protect are camouflaged by dummy instructions. Then, the binary program autonomously retrieves the original code fragments within a certain period of execution, by replacing the dummy instructions with the original ones. Since the dummy instructions are completely different from the original ones, code hacking fails if the dummy instructions are read as they are. Moreover, the dummy instructions are scattered over the program, therefore, they are hard to be identified. As a result, the proposed method helps to construct highly invulnerable software without special hardware.

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A Method for Program Code Inspection Using Bug Report

MATSUMURA Tomoko, MONDEN Akito, MATSUMOTO Ken-ichi

Technical report of IEICE. SS   101 ( 628 )   1 - 8   2002.1

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Thorough an ongoing process of maintaining large legacy software, a number of "implicit coding rules", which are never described in specification documents or design documents, are unexpectedly generated as software becomes more complicated than it used be. Violating such rules cause fault injection. This paper proposes a method for automatically detecting and informing code fragments that violate implicit coding rules. In this method, patterns of typical code violating rules are derived from past bug reports. The patterns are described by a pattern description language, and, a potential faulty code fragments are extracted by a pattern matching technique. The result of a case study showed that 30% of faults in a large legacy system were due to the violation of implicit coding rules, 82% of these faults were descriptable by the pattern language, and, all these faults were extracted by the proposed method.

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Quantitative Analysis of Cloned Code on Legacy Software

NAKAE Daikai, KAMIYA Toshihiro, MONDEN Akito, KATO Hiroshi, SATO Shin-ichi, INOUE Katsuro

Technical report of IEICE. SS   100 ( 570 )   57 - 64   2001.1

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This paper shows the results of both quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis about the nature of cloned code on large legacy software. We defined some cloned code metrics, and then quantitatively analyzed the relation among the metrics and module's age, the number of bugs, etc. We also looked over the source code in order to qualitatively analyze the nature of cloned code. As the results, we found that new modules have more cloned code than old modules, more than half of cloned code were found between modules whose age are within 30 days difference, and the modules that have cloned code have fewer bugs (per line) than the modules that do not have cloned code, etc.

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Other Link： http://hdl.handle.net/11094/26715

Electronic Intellectual Properties and Social Infrastructure. A Digital Watermarking Method for Java Class Files.

門田暁人, 松本健一, 飯田元, 井上克郎, 鳥居宏次

情報処理学会論文誌   41 ( 11 )   3001 - 3009   2000.11

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A Digital Watermarking Method for Java Class Files

門田 暁人, 松本 健一, 飯田 元, 井上 克郎, 鳥居 宏次

2000.11

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本論文では，盗用の疑いのあるJavaプログラムの発見を容易にすることを目的として，プログラム著作者の署名等を電子透かしとしてJavaクラスファイルに挿入する方法，および，取り出す方法を提案する．提案方法は，透かしを挿入してもプログラムの実行効率が変わらず，ツールによる透かしの取り出しの自動化が可能であり，ツールを公開した場合にも透かしの上書き攻撃を回避できるという特徴を持つ．透かしの耐性を実験により評価した結果，obfuscatorと呼ばれるプログラムの難読化ツールによる攻撃後も電子透かしは消えないこと，および，逆コンパイル，再コンパイルによる攻撃に対しても半数以上の透かしは消えないことが確認された．; The aim of this paper is to easily identifyan illegal Java program containing a stolen class file.This paper proposes a method for encoding and decoding a digital watermark,such as a program developer&#039;s copyright notation, into/from Java class files.Characteristics of the proposed method are:Execution efficiency of the target program is not reduced by watermarkencoding,watermark decoding can be automated,and, an overwriting attack is prevented even if a watermark encoding toolis distributed in the public.The result of the experiment to evaluate our method showed thatall the watermarks embedded in class files survived an obfuscator attack,and also showed thatmore than half of watermarks survived a decompile-recompile attack.

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Visualizing Users' Function - execution History of Software to Support Function Discovery

Shiraishi Yumi, Morisaki Shuuji, Monden Akito, Matsumoto Ken-ichi, Inoue Katsuro

IPSJ SIG Notes   2000 ( 97 )   13 - 18   2000.10

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We are conducting a research on sharing usage knowledge of software functions according as the functions that are needed by users who use the same software for similar purpose are similar. In this paper, we propose a visualization method of histories of function executions collected in long period. The proposed method enables users to identify functions that are unaware of by them. We evaluated the proposed method adapting the method to MS Word and PowerPoint. Experimental result shows that all subjects can discover functions unaware and that the 34.5 functions out of discovered functions of PowerPoint are useful for the subjects.

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Other Link： http://id.nii.ac.jp/1001/00042327/

Sharing Usage Knowledge for Application Software Using Function Execution History

MORISAKI Shuuji, MONDEN Akito, MATSUMOTO Ken-ichi, INOUE Katsuro, TORII Koji

Transactions of Information Processing Society of Japan   41 ( 10 )   2770 - 2781   2000.10

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Most of software, especially application software provides us with various functions. Since the acquisition cost of the use knowledge of a function is large, the number of functions actually used is limited. This paper proposes system that shares a functional execution history among users for the purpose of making small acquisition cost of the use knowledge of the function which software offers. The proposed system can collect functional execution histories from users automatically through computer network. It also provides a mechanism for exchanging the use knowledge of a function among users by sharing functional execution histories. Four subjects were able to acquire use knowledge among five persons as a result of the evaluation experiment for Microsoft Word 2000. Efficiency of novice work improved by knowledge acquisition. The use knowledge could be acquired also about the function in which an expert does not know.

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Other Link： http://id.nii.ac.jp/1001/00012162/

Visualizing Users' Function-execution History of Software to Support Function Discovery

SHIRAISHI Yumi, MORISAKI Shuuji, MONDEN Akito, MATSUMOTO Ken-ichi, INOUE Katsuro

Technical report of IEICE. Multimedia and virtual environment   100 ( 357 )   13 - 18   2000.10

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We are conducting a research on sharing usage knowledge of software functions according as the functions that are needed by users who use the same software for similar purpose are similar. In this paper, we propose a visualization method of histories of function executions collected in long period. The proposed method enables users to identify functions that are unaware of by them. We evaluated the proposed method adapting the method to MS Word and PowerPoint. Experimental result shows that all subjects can discover functions unaware and that the 34. 5 functions out of discovered functions of PowerPoint are useful for the subjects.

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利用情報を用いたソフトウェアコンポーネントの検索

古賀健太郎, 門田暁人, 飯田元, 松本健一, 井上克郎

情報処理学会全国大会講演論文集   61st ( 1 )   1.309-1.310   2000.10

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Experimental Evaluation of the Drag&Drop Operation Method That Uses Eye Tracking Device and Mouse Together

KUMASHIRO Tomonori, YAMATO Masatake, MONDEN Akito, MATSUMOTO Ken-ichi, INOUE Katsuro

Technical report of IEICE. HIP   99 ( 722 )   37 - 44   2000.3

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The aim of our study is to make current GUIs more effective for computer users. This paper proposes an eye gaze interface in which computer users use both their eye and hand in doing GUI operations. We have chosen "drag-and-drop" operation, which is one of a daily-use operation, for this study. In our method, drag-and-drop operation is separated into three basic operations:(1) rough cursor movement toward the icon, (2) cursor adjustment onto the icon, and (3) pushing the icon. We use eye movement for (1), and, a mouse for (2) and (3). We also propose three adjustment method for (2):Auto, Manual, and SemiAuto. The result of an experiment to evaluate our method showed that the proposed interface augmented by SemiAuto adjustment is more effective than the conventional mouse interface.

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Modeling and analysis of software aging process

A Monden, S Sato, K Matsumoto, K Inoue

PRODUCT FOCUSED SOFTWARE PROCESS IMPROVEMENT   1840   140 - 153   2000

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This paper proposes a model of successful maintenance that can represent how maintainability of each software module changes as it ages. We found that some of the metrics, measured from 20 years old system, fit our model; i.e., values of those metrics seem to be proportional to the degree of maintainability. We described each metric&apos;s critical line - a value that can be used for deciding whether a module should be re-engineered or not. We also described the interpretations on how each software metric relates to maintainability.

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A music retrieval system which uses known music as a reference key

59   19 - 20   1999.9

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Extracting and analyzing a feature of playing the guitar

59   9 - 10   1999.9

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A method for decreasing the time of drag-and-drop operation using eye tracking device and mouse together.

59   33 - 34   1999.9

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A digital watermarking method for Java programs.

門田暁人, 飯田元, 松本健一, 鳥居宏次

日本ソフトウエア科学会大会論文集   16th   253 - 256   1999.9

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Automatic Cursor Movement by Look

YAMATO Masatake, KUMASHIRO Tomonori, MONDEN Akito, MATSUMOTO Ken-ichi, INOUE Katsuro

84   73 - 78   1999.8

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The purpose of this research is realizing a more efficient input interface by using a look and a mouse together. As the first step, the button selection operation on GUI was divided into "operation (move operation) of moving cursor onto a button", and "operation (push operation) of pushing a button", and the method that performs move operation by the look and performs push operation with a mouse was examined. It became clear that cursor movement by the look is high speed, and it is more efficient than the selection operation only by the mouse as a result of the experiment. However, when the area of the button used as an operation object was about 1 square centimeter, it became clear that it is difficult to move cursor onto a button only by the look, and the mechanism, which assists move operation, is required.

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An Analysis of Task - and Information - Sharing in Collaborative Debugging by Two Person

Morisaki Shuuji, Ito Atsuo, Monden Akito, Matsumoto Ken-ichi

IPSJ SIG Notes   1999 ( 40 )   35 - 40   1999.5

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Software debugging is often performed by more than one programmer working together. The goal of this research is to identify a model of how two person collaboratively perform a degugging task on a single program. Based on empirical studies we have conducted, we have identified patterns in task- and infromation-sharing, and applied them to analyze the ovserved collaborative debugging processes. The following two collabration patterns were found to be effective in degugging (1) one concentrated on a debugging task while the other collected potentially useful information about the program, and (2) the two shared one program source file in their editors instead of using duplicates and wrote comments iinto the file.

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An Experimental Evaluation of 2-Person Debugging

ITO Atsuo, MORISAKI Shuuji, MONDEN Akito, MATSUMOTO Ken-ichi, TORII Koji

Technical report of IEICE. KBSE   98 ( 636 )   45 - 52   1999.3

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In this paper, we evaluate methods for sharing debug activity and exchanging knowledge about bug, aiming at reducing debugging time, when two persons modify the same bug cooperating. Four experiments that two person detect and modify single bug are conducted to reveal effective methods. An experiment indicates that taking either task of: (1)exploring the bug location in the source code, and (2)understanding the program is effective to reduce debugging time, and that exchanging knowledge using shared file asynchronously is effective as well.

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Scrolling the Text Windows by Looking

YAMATO Masatake, MONDEN Akito, TAKADA Yoshihiro, MATSUMOTO Ken-ichi, TORII Koji

Transactions of Information Processing Society of Japan   40 ( 2 )   613 - 622   1999.2

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This paper proposes a method and implementation for a system to automatically scroll a text window by tracking where a user is looking at. A user of the system can access a portion of the displayed document without using keyboard or mouse. Existing eye-tracking methods, which use eye-gaze as a substitute for pointing devices, require a user to "look at" menus and icons to manipulate a window display. In contrast, our proposed method uses eye movement within a window to control its display. A position of a user's gaze within a text window determines how to scroll the window, what portion of the text to display, and where to stop. Our user study demonstrates that the effectives of scrolling using this method is as good as one with convetional keyboard control as respects string search by scrolling. In particular, we have found that a controlling mechanism to determine the speed of scrolling in terms of the distance of the gaze point from the center of the window was both qualitatively and quantitatively superior to other control mechanisms in the string search by scrolling.

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Other Link： http://id.nii.ac.jp/1001/00012841/

Analysis of debugger's fault localization process in software maintenance

Kudo Hideo, Uchida Shinji, Monden Akito, Matsumoto Ken-ichi

Research reports of Nara Technical College   ( 35 )   75 - 80   1999

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An analysis of the debugging process based on changes in impressions of functions

UCHIDA Shinji, KUDO Hideo, MONDEN Akito

Technical report of IEICE. KBSE   98 ( 388 )   9 - 15   1998.11

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The purpose of our study is to clarify experts' debugging strategies through controlled experiment. In the experiment, we have used a periodic interview method to analyze the module that subjects think there is a bug in it during debugging. We have also analyzed the differences among subjects in time spent for reading each module. The result of experiment showed the differences between novices and experts in both the module that subjects think there is a bug in it, and the time spent for reading each module.

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An analysis of the debugging process based on changes in impressions of functions

UCHIDA Shinji, KUDO Hideo, MONDEN Akito

IPSJ SIG Notes   1998 ( 100 )   107 - 114   1998.11

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The purpose of our study is to clarify experts'debugging strategies through controlled experiment. In the experiment, we have used a periodic interview method to analyze the module that subjects think there is a bug in it during debugging. We have also analyzed the differences among subjects in time spent for reading each module. The result of experiment showed the differences between novices and experts in both the module that subjects think is a bug in it, and the time spent for reading each module.

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A Study on the debugging thought process based on changes in impressions of functions

56   203 - 204   1998.3

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A Video Recordings Retrieval System Supporting Analysis of Software Development Processes

NAKASHIMADA Yoshitaka, MORISAKI Shuuji, MONDEN Akito, MATSUMOTO Ken-ichi, TORII Koji

Technical report of IEICE. SS   96 ( 601 )   1 - 8   1997.3

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In analyzing software development process, it is not easy to find or extract the subject's specific behavior. This paper proposes a retrieving system using behavior data (key stroke, gaze point on CRT, etc.) for video recordings of software development activities. This system shows graphs of process data, so that identifying characteristic behaviors and specify the time they occured are easy. In order to evaluate this system, we conducted an experiment to retrive subject's specific behavior such as "lost himself" from the behavior data. There were 8 scenes identified by having an interview with the subject. It resulted in 6 out of 8 scenes being automatically retrieved.

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ループを含むプログラムを難読化する方法の提案

門田暁人

電子情報通信学会論文誌D-I   80 ( 7 )   644 - 652   1997

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コピー防止を目的とするプログラムの虫食い実装方式

門田暁人

情報処理学会, 夏のプログラミングシンポジウム報告集, July 1997   47 - 54   1997

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Analysis of Debugging Process by Using an Eye Tracking System

Monden Akito, Takada Yoshihiro, Torii Koji

Proceedings of the Society Conference of IEICE   1996   517 - 518   1996.9

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An Experiment to Observe Debugging Process by Using an Eye Tracking Device

MONDEN Akito, TAKADA Yoshihiro, TORII Koji

Technical report of IEICE. SS   96 ( 172 )   1 - 8   1996.7

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To clarify factors that affect efficiency of debugging, we need to investigate programers' intentions which continuously vary during. For the purpose, we have developed a system for observing programmers behavior by using an eye tracking device and audio and visual devices. By using the system, we have performed an experiment of observing bug identification processes. This paper presents results of the experiment,including the fact that collecting and analyzing multimodal data, such as motion of gazing point and record of verbal protocol, is effective in investigating programmers' intentions. It also includes several differences among observed processes which are likely to relate to the efficiency of bug identification.

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An Experiment to Evaluate Methods for Program Scrambling

MONDEN Akito, TAKADA Yoshihiro, TORII Koji

IPSJ SIG Notes   1996 ( 32 )   33 - 40   1996.3

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It is important to write programs that are easy to analyze or understand so that the load on software maintenance and reuse can be lessened. 0n the other hand, when finished programs are released to many users there are cases where programs should not be analyzed easily, in order to protect the intellectual properties or to insure system security. In such cases, we believe that it is effective to write programs that are easy to analyze at first, and transform it so that it becomes difficult to analyze. Such an equivalent transformation is called "program scrambling." We present two methods for automatically scrambling programs that contain loops, and report on an experiment for validation of the methods. The result of the experiment shows that the methods are effective even for very small Programs.

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Development of Software Synthesizer "FPD"

MONDEN Akito, KURODA Hisayasu, FUJII Hideki

IPSJ SIG Notes   1995 ( 19 )   27 - 32   1995.2

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Recently, most of personal computers have a PCM sound set in it, but there are no tools which support overall functions of synthesizer. We have developed software synthesizer "FPD", which provides most of synthesizer functions, as a multi timbre module, as a sampling machine, as a sequencer, as effects, etc. This paper shows the design and estimation of "FPD".

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プログラムの難読化法の提案

門田暁人

情処全大   4   4.263 - 4.264   1995

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A Tool Detecting Patterns of Programmers' Behavior When They Likely Inject Bugs

Yanagi Masazumi, Monden Akito, Takada Yoshihiro, Torii Koji

Technical report of IEICE. SS   94   9 - 16   1994

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We are studying on a system that automatically monitors and analyzes key strokes of programmers and then warns them of injecting bugs.So far,there have been almost no research reports on features of programmers' behavior when they inject bugs.To collect data of key strokes and analyze programmers' behaviour,we have designed and partially implemented an analysis system.Through experiments of applying the system,we have found that the system effectively works and that it is possible to realize the warning system.

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