研究者詳細 - 西野　直樹

その他リンク： http://agriknowledge.affrc.go.jp/RN/2010682300

Response of intestinal proteinase activities to the feeding of isolated winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) and soya bean (Glycine max) trypsin inhibitors in rats 査読

N Nishino, M Taniguchi, E Sakaguchi

Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 81 ( 11 ) 1055 - 1059 2001年9月

担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD

The antinutritional activities of trypsin inhibitors (TIs) were compared between winged beans (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) and soya beans (Glycine max). The inhibitors of the two beans were isolated by trypsin-bound Sepharose 4B, and 50 mg of lyophilised powders were intubated intragastrically into 24 h fasted rats. The activities of trypsin and chymotrypsin were compared after 30, 60 and 180 min in the washings of the upper, middle and lower parts of the small intestine. The elution profiles of TI and non-TI compounds in the affinity chromatography were similar in the two beans, and the antitryptic activities were concentrated 5.5 and 6.2 times (based on specific activity) for winged beans and soya beans respectively. Regardless of the TI fed to rats, trypsin activity in the upper intestine was suppressed to almost undetectable levels at 30 and 60 min after intubation. The activities in the middle and lower intestines were also substantially lowered when rats were fed winged bean TI, and significant differences were detected at 30 and 60 min after intubation when compared with rats fed soya bean TI. However, at ISO min after feeding, no differences were found in the trypsin activity in any gut segments. Similar inhibitory properties of isolated TIs were observed in chymotrypsin activities in the small intestine. The results suggest that winged bean TI may have greater inhibitory activity on the intestinal proteinase compared with soya bean TI. (C) 2001 Society of Chemical Industry.

DOI： 10.1002/jsfa.891

Web of Science

Disappearance of Maillard reaction products during ensilage and rumen fermentation in vitro 査読

N Nishino, S Uchida

Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 81 ( 2 ) 275 - 280 2001年1月

担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD

The disappearance of Maillard reaction products (MRPs) during ensilage and rumen fermentation was studied. MRPs were prepared by heating mixtures of D-glucose and glycine (GG) or D-xylose and glycine (XG); lyophilised powder (MW > 1000) was subjected to anaerobic incubation for 24h with lucerne juice or buffered rumen fluid. Changes in MRPs were assessed by comparing gel filtration profiles before and after incubation, and the proportion of disappeared MRPs was calculated based on the area under the curve. A portion of MRPs, particularly high-MW fractions, disappeared when incubated with lucerne juice, and the extent was greater (P < 0.01) in XG than in GG. The disappearance of GG was increased (P < 0.01) when ensilage was fortified with added glucose, while that of XG was unaffected with or without the fermentable substrate. Rumen fermentation had little impact on GG and XG, whereas a portion of MRPs disappeared when microbial activity was enhanced by adding lucerne hay to the media. Volatile fatty acid production was unaffected by MRPs in either ensilage or rumen fermentation. These results suggest that the effect on MRPs of anaerobic fermentation may be different between ensilage and rumen digestion. Significant amounts of MRPs would enter the intestine when ruminants are fed hay-based diets rather than silage-based diets. (C) 2000 Society of Chemical Industry.

DOI： 10.1002/1097-0010(20010115)81:2<275::AID-JSFA814>3.0.CO;2-L

Web of Science

高水分粕類のサイレージ化と利用 3．ビール粕と発泡酒粕から調製したサイレージの発酵特性．査読

西野直樹, 原田宏明, 坂口英

日本草地学会誌 47 ( 3 ) 318 - 322 2001年

Fermentation of rhodesgrass and guineagrass rilags with on without wilting and added cell wall degrading engymes 査読

Yu, Z, Nishino, N, Uchida, S

Grassland Science 46 ( 1 ) 22 - 27 2000年

担当区分：責任著者記述言語：英語出版者・発行元：日本草地学会

ローズグラスとギニアグラスサイレージの発酵品質ならびにin vitro消化性に対する予乾および細胞壁分解酵素添加の影響について検討した。両草とも一番草を用い, 刈り取り後直接あるいは4時間予乾してからサイレージ調製に供した。細胞壁分解酵素の添加量は0.2 g kg^<-1>とし, 埋蔵45日後に開封して化学成分および発酵品質の変化を調べた。また, 各サイレージをin vitroで培養して, NDFの分解率を測定した。酵素無添加の場合, ローズグラスサイレージでは酢酸あるいは酪酸が優先したが, ギニアグラスサイレージでは乳酸が最も多かった。予乾は有機酸生成を抑制したが, ローズグラスサイレージでは乳酸の比率も低下させた。両草種とも, 酵素を添加すると乳酸量が増大しpHおよびNH_3-N比率が低下して発酵品質は改善された。NDFおよびADF舎量は酵素添加によって減少したが, その変化は予乾によって大きく減弱された。in vitroのNDF分解率は予乾サイレージより無予乾サイレージの方が低かった。酵素の添加はNDF分解率を低下させたが, その効果はギニアグラスサイレージを72時間培養した場合に限られた。これらのことから, 細胞壁分解酵素の使用は暖地型牧草から良質サイレージを調製するうえで非常に有効であるが, 低水分の材料草ではその効果が小さくなることが示された。

DOI： 10.14941/grass.46.22_1

DOI： 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0010(199710)75:2<161::AID-JSFA854>3.0.CO;2-Q

その他リンク： http://agriknowledge.affrc.go.jp/RN/2010611429

Ensiling characteristics and ruminal degradation of Italian ryegrass and lucerne silages treated with cell wall degrading enzymes（共著）査読

Yu, Z, Nishino, N, Kishida, Y, Uchida, S

Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 79 ( 14 ) 1987 - 1992 1999年11月

Laboratory evaluation of previously fermented juice as a fermentation stimulant for lucerne silage（共著）査読

Nishino, N, Uchida, S

Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 79 ( 10 ) 1285 - 1288 1999年7月

牧草の非酵素的褐変化と成分変化に関する一考察査読

西野直樹, 嶝野英子, 内田仙二

日本草地学会誌 44 ( 1 ) 86 - 89 1998年1月

Effects of cell wall degrading enzymes and lactic acid bacteria on the fermentation of rhodes grass silage stored at various ambient temperature（共著）査読

Nishino, N, Uchida, S

Grassland Science 44 199 - 203 1998年

Effects of extraction and reconstitution of ryegrass juice on fermentation, digestion and in situ degradation of pressed cake silage 査読

Naoki Nishino, Keiko Miyase, Mitsuaki Ohshima, Hiro-Omi Yokota

Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 75 ( 2 ) 161 - 166 1997年10月

担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

Primary growth of Italian ryegrass was fractionated into green juice and pressed cake (PC). PC was ensiled either directly or after reconstitution with the juice which was spray dried and then added to water before ensiling (RPC). This process was aimed at distinguishing between chemical (removal of nutrients) and physical (mechanical disintegration) effects of fractionation. Two additional wilted silages were prepared from long cut or chopped Italian ryegrass (WL and WC, respectively). The fermentative quality, digestion and in situ degradation of dry matter for the four silages were compared. WC, RPC and PC silages indicated lactate-rich fermentation while WL silage had a comparatively low lactate content. PC silage had a lower (P &lt
0.05) pH value with lower (P &lt
0.05) amounts of organic acids compared with WC and RPC silage, suggesting that removal of buffering components with the juice had greater effects than shredding on fermentation of PC silage. The digestibility of protein was lower (P &lt
0.05) in PC than WL silage but the reduction was compensated for in RPC silage. Ruminal concentrations of total volatile fatty acids were the highest (P &lt
0.05) when goats fed WL silage while those on the other silages had similar concentrations. Ruminal pH was lower (P &lt
0.05) in goats fed PC than WC silage and the difference was not fully reversed by reconstituting the juice to PC. Juice extraction decreased (P &lt
0.05) the soluble fraction and the rate of disappearance of dry matter in the rumen but the potential degradability was not different among treatments. These results suggest that both chemical and physical changes due to the fractionation affect the characteristics of digestion of PC silage while the removal of nutrients has a major role in the modified silage fermentation.

長切,細切および破砕・圧搾したイタリアンライダラスから調製した乾草の山羊による消化性査読

西野直樹, 宮瀬恵子, 大島光昭, 横田浩臣

日本草地学会誌 43 ( 2 ) 83 - 87 1997年

担当区分：筆頭著者記述言語：英語出版者・発行元：日本草地学会

秋撒き冬刈りのイタリアンライグラスから長切,細切および破砕・圧搾した(プレスケーキ)乾草を調製した。これらの乾草を第一胃フィステルを装着した山羊に単一給与して,成分消化率,第一胃液性状および乾物の第一胃内分解率を測定した。乾草調製中に繊維含量が増加したが,増加の割合は細切乾草が最も大きくプレスケーキ乾草が最も小さかった。プレスケーキ乾草のタンパク質消化率は他に比べて有意に低かったが,その他の成分消化率はいずれの乾草とも差が認められなかった。長切乾草のNDFおよびヘミセルロース消化率は細切乾草よりも有意に低かった。プレスケーキ乾草を給与すると,細切乾草を給与した場合に比べ,第一胃液の総VFA濃度が低いにも関わらずpHは低い値を示した。第一胃内における乾物の分解特性を比較すると,細切乾草は長切乾草に比べ可溶性区分の割合が低かったが分解速度は有意に高い値を示した。破砕・圧搾処理によりプレスケーキ乾草では可溶性区分の割合が最も低くなったが,可消化成分の一部が除去されたにもかかわらず潜在的分解率は乾草間で差が見られなかった。以上の結果から,乾草調製時の細切は消化率に影響しなくても第一胃内における乾物の分解特性を変化させうること,およびプレスケーキ乾草は易消化成分の多くが除去されているにもかかわらず,消化率および第一胃内分解速度から判断すると長切乾草に匹敵することが明らかとなった。

DOI： 10.14941/grass.43.83

その他リンク： http://agriknowledge.affrc.go.jp/RN/2010560580

Changes in nitrogenous compounds and rates of in situ N loss of soybean meal treated with sodium hydroxide or heat 査読

N Nishino, Y Masaki, S Uchida

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 44 ( 9 ) 2667 - 2671 1996年9月

担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：AMER CHEMICAL SOC

Rates of in situ N loss of soybean meal (SBM) were altered by various combinations of sodium hydroxide and heat treatment; some nitrogenous compounds involving the modified proteolysis were investigated. The amount of lysinoalanine (LAL), neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen, 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene reactive lysine, and reducing power of SBM were linearly related (P < 0.01) to rate of in situ N loss with correlation coefficients of -0.847, -0.835, 0.793, and -0.846, respectively. The results indicate that the LAL formation and the Maillard reaction are related to change in susceptibility of SBM protein to microbial degradation in the rumen.

DOI： 10.1021/jf9602481

Web of Science

ルーメン内分解性の異なる補助飼料の給与がサイレージを摂取した山羊の窒素利用性に及ぼす影響査読

西岡直樹, 岡本信重, 内田仙二

日本草地学会誌 41 ( 3 ) 202 - 206 1995年

担当区分：筆頭著者記述言語：英語出版者・発行元：日本草地学会

とうもろこし,大麦およびビートパルプというルーメン内分解性の異なる補助飼料の給与が,サイレージを摂取した山羊の窒素利用性に及ぼす影響について検討した。イタリアンライグラスより調製した予乾サイレージと各補助飼料を4:1(乾物比)の割合で混合し,ルーメンフィステルを装着した山羊4頭に給与して消化試験を実施した。対照区にはサイレージのみを給与し,補助飼料給与区には尿素を与えて窒素摂取水準を等しくした。予乾サイレージのpHは4.72であり,NH_3-N (%total-N)は16.7%と高い値であった。ルーメン内における乾物の可溶性区分割合は,とうもろこし,大麦およびピートパルプがそれぞれ58.0, 26.8および-1.25%であり,分解性区分の分解速度はそれぞれ0.042, 0.107および0.099h^<-1>であった。対照飼料に比べ,とうもろこしを給与すると乾物および有機物の消化率が,また大麦を給与するとヘミセルロースの消化率が有意に高くなった。尿中のアラントイン排泄量は補助飼料の給与により増加したが,有意差は認められなかった。飼料給与後のルーメン内NH_3-N濃度および保留窒素量も給与飼料による有意な違いが認められなかったが,本実験では,大麦を給与すると窒素の損失量が多い傾向にあった。

DOI： 10.14941/grass.41.202

その他リンク： http://agriknowledge.affrc.go.jp/RN/2010532124

Formation of lysinoalanine following alkaline processing of soya bean meal in relation to the degradability of protein in the rumen 査読

N. Nishino, S. Uchida, M. Ohshima

Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 68 ( 1 ) 59 - 64 1995年

担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

Effects of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) treatment on the formation of lysinoalanine (LAL) and on in‐situ and in‐vivo utilisation of soya bean meal (SBM) protein were investigated. Defatted SBM was sprayed with 0 (water), 25, 50 and 100 g NaOH (kg−1 dry matter), dried at 80°C for 2 h and then fed to four rumen cannulated goats in a 4 × 4 Latin square as a mixed diet (9: 1 w/w) of sudangrass hay and the SBM. LAL was not detected in non‐alkaline SBM, but the cross‐linked amino acid increased according to the level of NaOH addition. The maximum concentration of LAL was 1.26 g per 16 g nitrogen when the highest level of NaOH was applied. The NaOH treatment did not alter the digestibility or the retention of nitrogen of the mixed diet. Addition of NaOH at 25 and 50 g (kg−1 dry matter) lowered the solubility of protein, while the highest level of treatment had little effect. Lag time and rate of degradation of protein decreased due to the increasing level in NaOH treatment. A significant correlation (r = —0.860, P &lt
0.01) between LAL content and rate of protein degradation suggested that the formation of cross‐linked amino acid would render protein more resistant to microbial degradation in the rumen. Copyright © 1995 John Wiley &amp
Sons, Ltd

DOI： 10.1002/jsfa.2740680110

イタリアンライグラスの繊維消化に及ぼす貯蔵方法の影響査読

西野直樹, 脇田幸奈, 内田仙二

日本畜産学会報 65 ( 8 ) 709 - 715 1994年8月

担当区分：筆頭著者記述言語：日本語出版者・発行元：Japanese Society of Animal Science

乾草またはサイレージという貯蔵方法の違いが,牧草の繊維消化に及ぼす影響について検討した.出穗期のイタリアンライグラスから,天日乾草および予乾サイレージを調製し,大豆粕と9:1の割合の混合飼料を山羊4頭に給与して,消化率,窒素出納,乾物とNDFのルーメン内分解率,飼料付着性のカルボキシメチルセルラーゼ(CMCase)活性,および液相(Co-EDTA)と固相(Cr-CWC)の消化管内通過速度を測定した.<br>予乾サイレージ(乾物含量30.8%)のpHは4.75で,酪酸が優占した.乾草はサイレージに比べてNDF, NDIN,(中性デタージェント不溶性窒素)およびADIN(酸性デタージェント不溶性窒素)含量が高く,乾草調製中に牧草蛋白質の一部が繊維成分と結合したことが示唆された.すべての成分消化率はサイレージ給与区の方が高い値を示したが,繊維成分の消化率には有意差が認められなかった.窒素蓄積量は,サイレージを給与した山羊が有意に高い値を示した.<br>サイレージは乾草に比べ,NDFのルーメン内可溶性区分の割合が高く(5:5および0.0%),分解性区分の割合(71.4および74.4%)およびその分解速度(3.2および4.2%^h-1)が低かった.また飼料付着性のCMCase活性もサイレージの方が低い値を示した.消化管内通過速度は,液相および固相のいずれにおいても,給与区間に有意な差は認められなかった.これらの結果は,乾草およびサイレージという貯蔵方法の違いは,可溶性炭水化物含量だけでなく繊維成分の消化性にも少なからぬ影響を与えることを示している.

DOI： 10.2508/chikusan.65.709

アルファルファサイレージの消化性およびルーメン内分解性に及ぼす水酸化ナトリウム処理あるいはアンモニア処理の影響査読

その他リンク： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00367137654?from=CiNii

西野直樹, 内田仙二, 大島光昭

日本草地学会誌 39 ( 4 ) 437 - 445 1994年

担当区分：筆頭著者記述言語：英語出版者・発行元：日本草地学会

サイレージ調製時のNaOH処理およびNH_3処理が低水分アルファルファサイレージの消化性,窒素利用性およびルーメン内分解性に及ぼす影響について,ルーメンフィステルを装着したシバ山羊3頭を用いて検討した。予乾したアルファルファに水(対照),NaOHおよびNH_3溶液を噴霧してサイレージを調製し,6ヶ月後に開封して3×3ラテン方格法に基づく消化試験に供した。いずれのアルカリ処理もサイレージのpHを高め,NH_3-Nおよび酪酸を増加させたが,NH_3処理サイレージでは対照サイレージと同程度のアミノ酸が保存されていた。いずれのアルカリ処理も繊維成分(NDF,ADFおよびセルロース)の消化率を高めることはできなかった。また,NaOHの添加は粗蛋白質の消化率を有意に低下させた。NaOH処理は,ルーメン内における窒素の溶解性および潜在的分解性には影響しなかったが,分解速度を低下させた。NH_3の添加は窒素の溶解性を高めたが,分解速度の値は対照サイレージの値と同様であった。これらの結果から,NaOH処理はサイレージの発酵品質を著しく劣質化させるが,蛋白質のルーメン微生物による分解を抑制することが示された。

DOI： 10.14941/grass.39.437

その他リンク： http://agriknowledge.affrc.go.jp/RN/2010510133

A note on the fermentation characteristics and rumen degradation of low moisture alfalfa silage treated with sodium hydroxide or ammonia 査読

N. Nishino, M. Ohshima, S. Uchida

Animal Feed Science and Technology 47 ( 3-4 ) 297 - 304 1994年

担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

The effects of alkali treatment on the fermentation characteristics and rumen degradation of low moisture alfalfa silage were investigated. First crop alfalfa was wilted and ensiled, either directly or after being sprayed with NaOH or NH3 solution (1.72% dry matter (DM)). The herbages were stored in laboratory silos and opened at 1, 2, 7, 14, 28 and 56 days after storage. Each NaOH and HN3 addition increased the pH value and delayed lactic acid production of the silage. Both alkali treatments decreased proteolysis during ensilage, and NaOH-treated silage showed the highest protein (hot water insoluble nitrogen) content. Nitrogen solubility in a mineral buffer solution was decreased by the alkali treatments, and NaOH-treated silage showed the lowest solubility. Degradation characteristics of DM and N in the rumen were determined by nylon bag incubation of 56th day silage samples with two rumen fistulated goats. The NaOH treatment significantly decreased the soluble N fraction (63.7%, 54.7% and 60.6% for untreated, NaOH-treated and NH3-treated silage, respectively) but did not influence the extent of degradation. The treatment tended to decrease the rate of N degradation. In contrast, the NH3 treatment significantly increased the rate of DM degradation (0.158 h-1, 0.151 h-1 and 0.182 h-1 for untreated, NaOH-treated and NH3-treated silage, respectively) without any great changes in the proportions of soluble and degradable fraction. © 1994.

DOI： 10.1016/0377-8401(94)90132-5

Ruminal degradation of alfalfa protein as influenced by sodium hydroxide and heat treatment 査読

Nishino, N., Uchida, S., Ohshima, M.

Animal Feed Science and Technology 48 ( 1-2 ) 131 - 141 1994年

担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

Effects of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and heat treatment of alfalfa on the degradation of protein in the rumen was investigated in relation to the changes of nitrogenous compounds. Fresh alfalfa was treated with 0, 1.16, 2.32 or 4.64 g NaOH per 100 g dry matter (DM) and then subjected to freeze-drying, or oven-drying for 24 h at 60 or 120°C. Both NaOH and heat treatment produced lysinoalanine at increasing rate with level of treatment to reach a maximum value of 238 mg per 100 g protein. Both treatments also increased neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen (NDIN) according to the increase in level of treatment. Acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN) was not affected by NaOH treatment but was significantly increased by heating at 120°C. Both NaOH and heat treatment modified protein into being less soluble and more slowly degradable in the rumen, but heating showed greater effects than NaOH treatment. The proportion of potentially degradable protein was little influenced by the treatments. Both NaOH and heat treatment decreased the rate of protein degradation, but significant differences were detected only with the highest level of treatment (4.64 g NaOH per 100 g DM or 120°C). Correlation coefficients of lysinoalanine, NDIN and ADIN content with rate of protein degradation in the rumen were -0.716, -0.950 and -0.834, respectively. These results suggest that lysinoalanine formation in protein by NaOH and heat treatment can make protein less susceptible to microbial degradation in the rumen, while protein-carbohydrate reaction enhanced the effects on protein degradation in this study. © 1994.

DOI： 10.1016/0377-8401(94)90117-1