研究者詳細 - 西野　直樹

論文 - 西野　直樹

分割表示 83 件中 21 - 40 件目／全件表示 >>

Rumen fluid, feces, milk, water, feed, airborne dust, and bedding microbiota in dairy farms managed by automatic milking systems 査読

Wu, H, Nguyen, Q.D, Tran, T.T.M, Tang, M.T, Tsuruta, T, Nishino, N

Animal Science Journal 90 ( 3 ) 445 - 452 2019年3月

Dietary soy, meat, and fish proteins modulate the effects of prebiotic raffinose on composition and fermentation of gut microbiota in rats 査読

Gaowa Bai, Takeshi Tsuruta, Naoki Nishino

International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 69 ( 4 ) 480 - 487 2018年5月

担当区分：責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Taylor and Francis Ltd

Soy, meat (mixture of pork and beef), and fish proteins were fed to rats with and without prebiotic raffinose (RAF), and the composition and fermentation of gut microbiota were examined. Bifidobacterium spp. populations were higher, and propionic acid concentration was lower in soy protein-fed than meat protein-fed rats. Likewise, Enterobacteriaceae populations were higher in fish protein-fed rats than other rats. RAF feeding increased Bifidobacterium spp. and decreased Faecalibacterium prausnitzii populations regardless of the dietary protein source. Interactions between dietary proteins and RAF were shown for Lactobacillus spp. and Clostridium perfringens group
the increase of Lactobacillus spp. populations by RAF was seen only for soy protein-fed rats, whereas the reduction of C. perfringens group by RAF was evident in fish and meat protein-fed rats. It is concluded that dietary proteins may differentially modulate the effects of prebiotic oligosaccharides on gut fermentation and microbiota, with differences observed between plant and animal proteins.

DOI： 10.1080/09637486.2017.1382454

Effects of wilting and lactic acid bacteria inoculation on fermentation and microbial community of elephant grass silage produced in Vietnam 査読

Thi Minh Tu Tran, Mui Thi Nguyen, Huu Van Nguyen, Naoki Nishino

Grassland Science 64 ( 2 ) 151 - 155 2018年4月

担当区分：責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Blackwell Publishing Inc.

Direct-cut (dry matter [DM] 165 g kg−1) and wilted (DM 250 g kg−1) elephant grass silages were prepared in Hue, Vietnam, with and without a mixture of Lactobacillus paracasei and Lactococcus lactis (LP+LC) or Lactobacillus buchneri (LB). The silages were stored for 4 months, and fermentation products and aerobic stability were determined. The microbial community was assessed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Acetate was predominantly produced during the fermentation of control and LB-inoculated silages, whereas the content was not sufficient to inhibit aerobic spoilage for 7 days in control silage. The LP+LC inoculation greatly enhanced lactate content, suppressed the alcohol content, and did not improve aerobic stability or decrease the total fungal population. The bacterial community and L. buchneri populations were similar between control and LB-inoculated silages
however, Kluyveromyces delphensis was undetectable and the total fungal population was lowered in LB-inoculated silage.

DOI： 10.1111/grs.12187

Identification of lactic acid bacteria in the feces of dairy cows fed whole crop maize silage to assess the survival of silage bacteria in the gut 査読

Hongyan Han, Chao Wang, Yanbing Li, Zhu Yu, Qingfang Xu, Guangpeng Li, Tang Thuy Minh, Naoki Nishino

Animal Science Journal 89 ( 1 ) 97 - 104 2018年1月

担当区分：責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Blackwell Publishing

In order to assess the survival of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in whole crop maize silage in the gut of dairy cows, one representative silage sample and three different feces samples were collected from dairy cows on three dairy farms in Hua Bei, China and three dairy farms in Kyushu, Japan. The composition of the bacterial community was examined by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Lactobacillus acetotolerans was detected in all bunker-made maize silage samples, regardless of the dairy farm or sampling region from which they were sourced. A total of eight LAB species were detected in the maize silage samples, of which three (L. acetotolerans, L. pontis and L. casei) appeared to survive digestion. The populations of L. acetotolerans in silage and feces were 106–7 and 103–4 copies/g, respectively, indicating that, even for the LAB species showing potential survival in the gut, competition in this niche may be harsh and the population may substantially decrease during the digestion process. It may be difficult for silage LAB to survive in the gut of silage-fed dairy cows, because marked decrease in population can take place during the digestion process, even for surviving species.

DOI： 10.1111/asj.12896

Variability, stability, and resilience of fecal microbiota in dairy cows fed whole crop corn silage 査読

Minh Thuy Tang, Hongyan Han, Zhu Yu, Takeshi Tsuruta, Naoki Nishino

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 101 ( 16 ) 6355 - 6364 2017年8月

担当区分：責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：SPRINGER

The microbiota of whole crop corn silage and feces of silage-fed dairy cows were examined. A total of 18 dairy cow feces were collected from six farms in Japan and China, and high-throughput Illumina sequencing of the V4 hypervariable region of 16S rRNA genes was performed. Lactobacillaceae were dominant in all silages, followed by Acetobacteraceae, Bacillaceae, and Enterobacteriaceae. In feces, the predominant families were Ruminococcaceae, Bacteroidaceae, Clostridiaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Rikenellaceae, and Paraprevotellaceae. Therefore, Lactobacillaceae of corn silage appeared to be eliminated in the gastrointestinal tract. Although fecal microbiota composition was similar in most samples, relative abundances of several families, such as Ruminococcaceae, Christensenellaceae, Turicibacteraceae, and Succinivibrionaceae, varied between farms and countries. In addition to the geographical location, differences in feeding management between total mixed ration feeding and separate feeding appeared to be involved in the variations. Moreover, a cow-to-cow variation for concentrateassociated families was demonstrated at the same farm; two cows showed high abundance of Succinivibrionaceae and Prevotellaceae, whereas another had a high abundance of Porphyromonadaceae. There was a negative correlation between forage-associated Ruminococcaceae and concentrate-associated Succinivibrionaceae and Prevotellaceae in 18 feces samples. Succinivibrionaceae, Prevotellaceae, p-253418B5, and Spirochaetaceae were regarded as highly variable taxa in this study. These findings help to improve our understanding of variation and similarity of the fecal microbiota of dairy cows with regard to individuals, farms, and countries. Microbiota of naturally fermented corn silage had no influence on the fecal microbiota of dairy cows.

DOI： 10.1007/s00253-017-8348-8

Comparative microbiota assessment of wilted Italian ryegrass, whole crop corn, and wilted alfalfa silage using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and next-generation sequencing 査読

Kuikui Ni, Tang Thuy Minh, Tran Thi Minh Tu, Takeshi Tsuruta, Huili Pang, Naoki Nishino

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 101 ( 4 ) 1385 - 1394 2017年2月

担当区分：責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：SPRINGER

The microbiota of pre-ensiled crop and silage were examined using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and next-generation sequencing (NGS). Wilted Italian ryegrass (IR), whole crop corn (WC), and wilted alfalfa (AL) silages stored for 2 months were examined. All silages contained lactic acid as a predominant fermentation product. Across the three crop species, DGGE detected 36 and 28 bands, and NGS identified 253 and 259 genera in the pre-ensiled crops and silages, respectively. The NGS demonstrated that, although lactic acid bacteria (LAB) became prevalent in all silages after 2 months of storage, the major groups were different between crops: Leuconostoc spp. and Pediococcus spp. for IR silage, Lactobacillus spp. for WC silage, and Enterococcus spp. for AL silage. The predominant silage LAB genera were also detected by DGGE, but the presence of diverse non-LAB species in pre-ensiled crops was far better detected by NGS. Likewise, good survival of Agrobacterium spp., Methylobacterium spp., and Sphingomonas spp. in IR and AL silages was demonstrated by NGS. The diversity of the microbiota described by principal coordinate analysis was similar between DGGE and NGS. Our finding that analysis of pre-ensiled crop microbiota did not help predict silage microbiota was true for both DGGE and NGS.

DOI： 10.1007/s00253-016-7900-2

Dietary casein and soy protein isolate modulate the effects of raffinose and fructooligosaccharides on the composition and fermentation of gut microbiota in rats 査読

Gaowa Bai, Kuikui Ni, Takeshi Tsuruta, Naoki Nishino

Journal of Food Science 81 ( 8 ) H2093 - H2098 2016年8月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：WILEY-BLACKWELL

Although diet has an important influence on the composition of gut microbiota, the impact of dietary protein sources has only been studied to a minor extent. In this study, we examined the influence of different dietary protein sources regarding the effects of prebiotic oligosaccharides on the composition and metabolic activity of gut microbiota. Thirty female rats were fed casein and soy protein isolate with cellulose, raffinose (RAF), and fructooligosaccharides (FOS). Microbiota composition was examined by real-time qPCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Dietary protein source affected cecum microbiota; acetic acid concentration and Lactobacillus spp. populations were greater with soy protein than with casein. Prebiotic oligosaccharides had distinctive effects on gut microbiota; RAF increased the acetic acid concentration and Bifidobacterium spp. populations, and FOS increased the butyric acid concentration regardless of the dietary protein. Likewise, Bifidobacterium sp., Collinsella sp., and Lactobacillus sp. were detected in microbiota of the rats fed RAF, and Bacteroides sp., Roseburia sp., and Blautia sp. were seen in microbiota of the rats fed FOS. Interactions between dietary proteins and prebiotic oligosaccharides were observed with Clostridium perfringens group populations and cecum IgA concentration. RAF and FOS decreased C. perfringens group populations in casein-fed rats, and the combination of soy protein and RAF substantially increased cecum IgA concentration. These results indicate that dietary proteins can differentially modulate the effects of prebiotic oligosaccharides on gut fermentation and microbiota, depending on the type of carbohydrate polymers involved.

DOI： 10.1111/1750-3841.13391

Lactic acid bacteria in total mixed ration silage containing soybean curd residue: their isolation, identification and ability to inhibit aerobic deterioration 査読

Li, Y., Wang, F., Nishino, N.

Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 29 ( 4 ) 516 - 522 2016年4月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN ASSOC ANIMAL PRODUCTION SOC

We investigated the effects of the predominant lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on the fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability of total mixed ration (TMR) silage containing soybean curd residue (SC-TMR silage). The SC-TMR materials were ensiled in laboratory silos for 14 or 56 days. LAB predominant in SC-TMR silage were identified (Exp. 1). Lactobacillus fermentum (L. fermentum) and Streptococcus bovis (S. bovis) were found in the untreated materials, Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides (L. pseudomesenteroides) in 14-day silage and Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) in all silages. Pediococcus acidilactici (P. acidilactici), Lactobacillus paracasei (L. paracasei), and Lactobacillus brevis (L. brevis) formed more than 90% of the isolates in 56-day silage. Italian ryegrass and whole crop maize were inoculated with P. acidilactici and L. brevis isolates and the fermentation and aerobic stability determined (Exp. 2). Inoculation with P. acidilactici and L. brevis alone or combined improved the fermentation products in ryegrass silage and markedly enhanced its aerobic stability. In maize silage, P. acidilactici and L. brevis inoculation caused no changes and suppressed deterioration when combined with increases in acetic acid content. The results indicate that P. acidilactici and L. brevis may produce a synergistic effect to inhibit SC-TMR silage deterioration. Further studies are needed to identify the inhibitory substances, which may be useful for developing potential antifungal agents.

DOI： 10.5713/ajas.15.0267

Identification and isolation of Lactobacillus fructivorans from wilted alfalfa silage with and without molasses 査読

B. Wu, N. Nishino

Journal of Applied Microbiology 120 ( 3 ) 543 - 551 2016年3月

担当区分：責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：WILEY-BLACKWELL

AimTo gain insights into the bacterial species associated with anaerobic storage and aerobic stability of alfalfa silage.
Methods and ResultsWilted alfalfa silage (498gdry matterkg(-1)) was prepared with and without the addition of molasses. Aerobic spoilage tests were conducted at 5, 10 and 60days after ensiling. The composition of fermentation products and the bacterial communities of silage were determined at 1, 3, 5 and 7days after silo opening. Silage without molasses had small amounts of lactic and acetic acids detectable at silo opening but resisted deterioration due to aerobic spoilage for at least 5days after opening. Resistance to aerobic deterioration in silage increased with the addition of molasses. The predominant bacterial species in molasses-added silage was Lactobacillus fructivorans, which was detected by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis. Different bacterial growth media were used for Lact.fructivorans isolation from alfalfa silage with added molasses: isolation was successful using liver infusion sake medium, but was unsuccessful when de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe medium was used.
ConclusionA nonconventional lactic acid bacterium (LAB) species may be involved in the high aerobic stability of alfalfa silage.
Significance and Impact of the StudyThe findings demonstrate that culture-independent microbiota analysis may be useful in the isolation and identification of nonconventional LAB species involved in fermentation and the aerobic stability of silage.

DOI： 10.1111/jam.13031

Fermentation and microbial population dynamics during the ensiling of native grass and subsequent exposure to air 査読

Qing Zhang, Baiyila Wu, Naoki Nishino, Xianguo Wang, Zhu Yu

Animal Science Journal 87 ( 3 ) 389 - 397 2016年3月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：WILEY

To study the microbial population and fermentation dynamics of large needlegrass (LN) and Chinese leymus (CL) during ensiling and subsequent exposure to air, silages were sampled and analyzed using culture-based techniques and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). A total of 112 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains were isolated and identified using the 16S rRNA sequencing method. Lactic acid was not detected in the first 20days in LN silage and the pH decreased to 6.13 after 45days of ensiling. The temperature of the LN silage increased after approximately 30h of air exposure and the CL silage showed a slight temperature variation. Enterococcus spp. were mainly present in LN silage. The proportion of Lactobacillus brevis in CL silage increased after exposure to air. LN silage with a higher proportion of Enterococcus spp. and propionic acid concentration did not show higher fermentation quality or aerobic stability than CL silage, which had a higher concentration of acetic acid, butyric acid and increased proportion of L. brevis after exposure to air.

DOI： 10.1111/asj.12427

Identification of bacteria in total mixed ration silage produced with and without crop silage as an ingredient 査読

Naoki Nishino, Yu Ogata, Hongyan Han, Yasunari Yamamoto

Animal Science Journal 86 ( 1 ) 45 - 50 2015年1月

担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：WILEY-BLACKWELL

As a forage source for total mixed ration (TMR) silage production, locally produced crop silage is now used in addition to imported hay. This type of TMR ensiling is regarded as a two-step fermentation process; hence, a survey was carried out to determine whether the bacteria in crop silage affect the subsequent TMR ensiling. Fermentation product contents and bacterial community were determined for TMR silage and its ingredient silages collected in August, October and November. August product contained corn, sorghum and Italian ryegrass silages, October product had wheat silage exclusively and November product did not include any crop silages. Acetic acid, lactic acid, 2,3-butanediol and ethanol were predominant fermentation products in corn, sorghum, Italian ryegrass and wheat silages, respectively. Robust lactic acid fermentation was seen in TMR silage, even if acetate-type and alcohol-type silages were mixed as ingredients. The finding that bacterial community of the TMR silage appeared unrelated to those of ingredient silage supported this. Silages of various fermentation types can therefore be formulated without interfering with lactate-type fermentation in TMR silage.

DOI： 10.1111/asj.12234

Bacterial communities in alfalfa and corn silages produced in large-scale stack and bunker silos in China 査読

Baiyila Wu, Qing Zhang, Zhongkuan Liu, Zhu Yu, Naoki Nishino

Grassland Science 60 ( 4 ) 247 - 251 2014年12月

担当区分：責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：WILEY-BLACKWELL

Alfalfa silage (Al) and corn silage (Cs) samples were collected from two large-scale farms in China; one of these farms used stack silos and the other used bunker silos for silage production. Three samples were collected from the upper and lower layers of each silo. Thus, six samples were examined for each of Al-stack, Al-bunker, Cs-stack, and Cs-bunker. Bacterial community was determined by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Lactic acid was the main fermentation product in Al-stack, Cs-stack and Cs-bunker, whereas acetic acid and butyric acid were predominant in Al-bunker. Pediococcus pentosaceus and Clostridium sp. were common to four silage types. Lactobacillus acetotolerans and Lactobacilluspontis were detected specifically in Cs, whereas the lactic acid bacteria identified in Al were regarded as those usually found in silage. Differences between stack and bunker silos were apparent in Al with regard to fermentation products and DGGE band patterns. Differences between the upper and lower layers were observed in the fermentation products in Cs regardless of silo type, whereas variations in the DGGE band patterns of Cs-stack were detected.

DOI： 10.1111/grs.12063

A pilot examination of the fermentation products, aerobic stability and bacterial community of total mixed ration silage produced in Vietnam 査読

Tu Tran Thi Minh, Van Nguyen Huu, Naoki Nishino

Grassland Science 60 ( 1 ) 63 - 68 2014年3月

担当区分：責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：WILEY-BLACKWELL

To evaluate the fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability of total mixed ration (TMR) silage produced in the tropics, rice straw (Rs) and corn stover (Cst) were mixed with molasses (M) and other feeds as TMRs, which were then preserved as silage in Hue, Vietnam. The silages were opened after 4months, and the microbial counts, fermentation product levels and aerobic stability were determined. The bacterial community was assessed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). All the silages were well preserved, with lactic acid serving as the major preservative. However, the lactic acid content was low (5.99gkg(-1) dry matter [DM]) in the Rs-M silage, while the ethanol content was substantial (37.2gkg(-1)DM) in the Cst-M silage. Heating due to spoilage was observed at 115 and 81h after silo opening in the Cst-M and Cst-TMR silages, respectively, whereas no heating was observed for 7days after the opening of the Rs-M and Rs-TMR silages. Among the 14 bacterial strains identified in the silages by the DGGE analysis, only three were lactic acid bacteria. Lactobacillus brevis and Weissella paramesenteroides were detected in all silages, while W.cibaria was only detected in the Rs-M and Cst-M silages. In the aerobically unstable Cst-TMR silage, bands indicative of Acetobacter pasteurianus, Staphylococcus sp. and Streptomyces sp. were specifically observed. These results indicate that although desirable lactic acid fermentation can be expected in a TMR silage in a tropical environment, aerobic stability is lowered if Cst instead of Rs is used as the ingredient crop. The presence of A.pasteurianus in the air-tight laboratory silo was unusual, but it could account for the low aerobic stability of the Cst-TMR silage.

DOI： 10.1111/grs.12041

A survey of fermentation products and bacterial communities in corn silage produced in a bunker silo in China 査読

Chao Wang, Hongyan Han, Xueying Gu, Zhu Yu, Naoki Nishino

Animal Science Journal 85 ( 1 ) 32 - 36 2014年1月

担当区分：責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：WILEY-BLACKWELL

To evaluate the current practice of corn silage management in China, samples of bunker-made silage were collected from 14 farms within a 500-km radius of Beijing for the analysis of fermentation products and bacterial communities. Mean values for dry matter (DM) content were as low as 250g/kg in both corn stover (St) and whole crop corn (Wc) silages, and pH values averaged 4.48 and 3.73, respectively. Only three of the 14 silages exhibited a lactic-to-acetic acid ratio >1.0, indicating that the presence of acetic acid was predominant in fermentation. Although 1,2-propanediol content was marginal in most cases (<5.0g/kg dry matter (DM)), two Wc silages had 1,2-propanediol levels >25g/kg DM. In contrast, 3 St silages had large amounts (>10g/kg DM) of butyric acid, and two of the three butyrate silages also had high concentrations of 1-propanol. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis demonstrated that the bacterial community appeared similar in 10 out of the 14 silage samples. Bands indicating Lactobacillus buchneri, L. acetotolerans and Acetobacter pasteurianus were found in both the St and Wc silages, accounting for the high acetic acid content found across silage samples.

DOI： 10.1111/asj.12076

Effects of ensiling fermentation and aerobic deterioration on the bacterial community in italian ryegrass, guinea grass, and whole-crop maize silages stored at high moisture content 査読

Yanbing Li, Naoki Nishino

Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 26 ( 9 ) 1304 - 1312 2013年9月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

The effects of storage period and aerobic deterioration on the bacterial community were examined in Italian ryegrass (IR), guinea grass (GG), and whole-crop maize (WM) silages. Direct-cut forages were stored in a laboratory silo for 3, 7, 14, 28, 56, and 120 d without any additives
live counts, content of fermentation products, and characteristics of the bacterial community were determined. 2,3-Butanediol, acetic acid, and lactic acid were the dominant fermentation products in the IR, GG, and WM silages, respectively. The acetic acid content increased as a result of prolonged ensiling, regardless of the type of silage crop, and the changes were distinctively visible from the beginning of GG ensiling. Pantoea agglomerans, Rahnella aquatilis, and Enterobacter sp. were the major bacteria in the IR silage, indicating that alcoholic fermentation may be due to the activity of enterobacteria. Staphylococcus sciuri and Bacillus pumilus were detected when IR silage was spoiled, whereas between aerobically stable and unstable silages, no differences were seen in the bacterial community at silo opening. Lactococcus lactis was a representative bacterium, although acetic acid was the major fermentation product in the GG silage. Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus brevis, and Morganella morganii were suggested to be associated with the increase in acetic acid due to prolonged storage. Enterobacter cloacae appeared when the GG silage was spoiled. In the WM silage, no distinctive changes due to prolonged ensiling were seen in the bacterial community. Throughout the ensiling, Weissella paramesenteroides, Weissella confusa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae were present in addition to L. plantarum, L. brevis, and L. lactis. Upon deterioration, Acetobacter pasteurianus, Klebsiella variicola, Enterobacter hormaechei, and Bacillus gibsonii were detected. These results demonstrate the diverse bacterial community that evolves during ensiling and aerobic spoilage of IR, GG, and WM silages. © 2013 by Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences.

DOI： 10.5713/ajas.2013.13175

Changes in the bacterial community and composition of fermentation products during ensiling of wilted Italian ryegrass and wilted guinea grass silages 査読

Yanbing Li, Naoki Nishino

Animal Science Journal 84 ( 8 ) 607 - 612 2013年8月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：WILEY-BLACKWELL

To gain further insights into temperate and tropical grass ensiling, fermentation products and bacterial communities were examined at both the initial and late stages of ensiling of wilted Italian ryegrass and wilted guinea grass silages. 2,3-Butanediol and ethanol fermentation were observed in wilted Italian ryegrass silage. Enterobacteria such as Rahnella sp. and Enterobacter sp. may have been involved in fermentation; however, alcohol production was intensified after the silage enterobacterial community overwhelmed the pre-ensiled enterobacterial community. Pediococcus spp. appeared in silage stored for 4 months, when a significant increase in lactic acid content was seen compared with that at 2 months. Prolonged storage enhanced acetic acid fermentation in wilted guinea grass silage. The disappearance of Enterococcus sulfureus and appearance of Lactobacillus plantarum may have been associated with the increased acetic acid content. Although many species of enterobacteria were found in common between the pre-ensiled crop and silages of Italian ryegrass and guinea grass, marked differences were seen in the type of fermentation from the initial stages. These results indicate that the bacterial community of pre-ensiled crops may be immediately replaced by one that is adapted to ensiling environments, although metabolic changes may continue over the course of ensiling.

DOI： 10.1111/asj.12046

Effects of inoculation of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus buchneri on fermentation, aerobic stability and microbial communities in whole crop corn silage 査読

Yanbing Li, Naoki Nishino

Grassland Science 57 ( 4 ) 184 - 191 2011年12月

担当区分：責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：WILEY-BLACKWELL

Whole crop corn silage may be prone to spoilage after exposure to air. To investigate control of fermentation and aerobic spoilage by using silage additives, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus buchneri were added to whole crop corn silage, and shifts in microbial communities were examined. Bacterial and fungal communities were identified by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis at the time of opening the silo and after conducting aerobic deterioration tests. Inoculation of L. rhamnosus did not affect fermentation, whereas that of L. buchneri decreased the lactic acid content and increased the acetic acid content. Aerobic stability was enhanced in silage stored for a long period (120 days), with increases in the acetic acid content even without L. buchneri inoculation. A high aerobic stability was achieved with a shorter ensiling period (56 days) in L. buchneri-inoculated silage. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculation did not alter the indigenous bacterial community, and the inoculated species were detected only as additions. Lactobacillus brevis, Pediococcus parvulus, Weissella confusa and Klebsiella pneumoniae were found in both the pre-ensiled crop and the silage, whereas Weissella paramesenteroides, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus lactis were seen exclusively after ensiling. Inoculation also had little effect on the fungal community during the fermentation process. Candida magnolia, Cryptococcus flavus and Candida intermedia were detected, both in the pre-ensiled crop and the silage, whereas Candida glabrata and Candida quercitrusa were identified exclusively in the silage. Marked changes were seen in the fungal community after aerobic spoilage; Saccharomyces exiguus, Saccharomyces martiniae, Pichia fermentans, Pichia deserticola and Pichia kudriavzevii appeared in the spoiled silage. These results indicated that LAB inoculation produces few changes in bacterial and fungal communities in corn silage and that substantial changes occur in the fungal community when the silage is spoiled.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1744-697X.2011.00226.x

Monitoring the bacterial community of maize silage stored in a bunker silo inoculated with Enterococcus faecium, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus buchneri 査読

Y. Li, N. Nishino

Journal of Applied Microbiology 110 ( 6 ) 1561 - 1570 2011年6月

担当区分：責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：WILEY-BLACKWELL

Aims:
To monitor variations in the bacterial community and fermentation products of maize silage within and between bunker silos.
Methods and Results:
Silage samples were collected in 2008 and 2009 from three dairy farms, wherein the farmers arranged for a contractor to produce maize silage using bunker silos. Silage was prepared using a lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculant consisting of Enterococcus faecium, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus buchneri. Eight samples were collected from each bunker silo; 4 'outer' and 4 'inner' samples were collected from near the top and the bottom of the silo. The dry matter, lactic acid, acetic acid, ethanol, 1-propanol and 1,2-propanediol contents differed between bunker silos in both sampling years. Higher acetic acid, 1-propanol and 1,2-propanediol contents were found in the bottom than the top layers in the 2008 samples, and higher lactic acid content was found in the top than the bottom layers in the 2009 samples. The bacterial community varied more between bunker silos than within a bunker silo in the 2008 samples, whereas differences between the top and the bottom layers were seen across bunker silos in the 2009 samples. The inoculated LAB were uniformly distributed, while several nonconventional silage bacteria were also detected. Lactobacillus acetotolerans, Lactobacillus panis and Acetobacter pasteurianus were detected in both years. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was detected in the 2008 samples, and Lactobacillus reuteri, Acinetobacter sp. and Rahnella sp. were detected in the 2009 samples.
Conclusions:
Although differences were seen within and between bunker silos, the bacterial community may indicate a different relationship between bunker silos and sampling locations within a bunker silo from that indicated by the fermentation products.
Significance and Impact of the Study:
Analysis of bacterial community can help understand how diverse non-LAB and LAB species are involved in the ensiling process of bunker-made maize silage.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05010.x

Chemical Changes during Ensilage and In sacco Degradation of Two Tropical Grasses: Rhodesgrass and Guineagrass Treated with Cell Wall-degrading Enzymes 査読

Yu Zhu, Naoki Nishino, Guo Xusheng

Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 24 ( 2 ) 214 - 221 2011年2月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN ASSOC ANIMAL PRODUCTION SOC

Effects of the cell wall-degrading enzymes derived from Acremonium cellulolyticus and Trichoderma viride on the silage fermentation and in sacco degradation of tropical grasses i.e. rhodesgrass (Chloris gayana Kunth. cv. Callide) and guineagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Natsukaze) were investigated in laboratory-scale experiments. These two grasses were either treated with or without the enzymes before ensiling. Untreated rhodesgrass produced acetate fermentation silage (lactate, 13.0 g kg(-1) DM; acetate, 38.7 g kg(-1) DM) with high final pH value and NH(3)-N content (5.84 and 215 g kg(-1) DM). Addition of enzymes significantly increased (p<0.01) the lactate production (lactate, 45.6; acetate, 34.0 g kg(-1) DM) and decreased (p<0.01) the pH and NH(3)-N (4.80 and 154 g kg(-1) DM) in the ensiled forages when compared with the control silages. Untreated guineagrass was successfully preserved with a high lactate proportion (lactate, 45.5; acetate, 24.1 g kg(-1) DM), and the addition of enzymes further enhanced the desirable fermentation (lactate, 57.5 g kg(-1) DM: acetate, 19.4 g kg(-1) DM). The content of NDF was lowered (p<0.05) by enzymes in both silages, but the extent appeared greater in the enzyme-treated rhodesgrass (rhodesgrass, 48 g kg(-1) DM; guineagrass, 21 g kg(-1) DM). Changes in the kinetics of in sacco degradation showed that enzyme treatment increased (p<0.01) the rapidly degradable DM (rhodesgrass, 299 vs. 362 g kg(-1) DM; guineagrass, 324 vs. 343 g kg(-1) DM) but did not influence the potential degradation, lag time and degradation rate of DM and NDF in the two silages.

Presence of sourdough lactic acid bacteria in commercial total mixed ration silage as revealed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis（共著）

Wang, C, Nishino, N

Letters in Applied Microbiology 51 ( 4 ) 436 - 442 2010年10月

　前のページ - 次のページ　

1
2
3
4
5