Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2023.127334

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Authorship：Lead author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：American Chemical Society (ACS)  

We clarified the surface elution behavior of citric acid (Cit) ions from Cit-coordinated europium(III) ion (Eu3+)-doped hydroxyapatite (CEH) nanoparticles in three different biological solutions (i.e., phosphate buffer (PB), carbonate buffer (CB), and simulated body fluid (SBF)). Specifically, the elution behavior of Cit from the CEH nanoparticles in SBF was clarified as compared with the cases in PB and CB. Based on the elution results of Cit from the nanoparticles, two-stepwise (i.e., initially dramatic and subsequentially gradual) elution behavior during the immersion was observed, which was mainly driven by the substitutional coordination of HPO42-and CO32-to the Cit ions on the nanoparticle surfaces. The Cit elution behavior by the immersion was effectively affected by the anions in the biological solutions. The substitutional coordination of HPO42-or CO32-to the Cit ions was the dominant driving force for the Cit ion elution chelating with Eu3+and Ca2+ions, which progressed significantly at the immersion time of 0-3 h in SBF. Subsequently, the complex reactions based on the substitutional coordination would become the equilibrium state at the immersion time of 3-12 h in SBF, suggesting the control of nanoparticle surface states by optimizing the Cit elution behavior. Therefore, we believe that the nanoparticles will be the base nanobiomaterials toward the application for drug delivery system carriers containing both photoluminescence and drug loading functions.

DOI： 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01178

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：American Chemical Society (ACS)  

We successfully synthesized methylene blue (MB+)-immobilized hydroxyapatite (HM) nanoparticles by changing the initial P/Ca molar ratio. The immobilized amount of MB+increased with increasing the initial P/Ca molar ratio from 0.6 to 4.0, and the HM had an elliptical shape (long length, 21-24 nm; short length, 11-13 nm) irrespective of the initial P/Ca molar ratio. Upon increasing the initial P/Ca molar ratio, the number of carbonate ions on the HM surface decreased, which would be owing to the electrostatic repulsion by the surface phosphate ions (i.e., P-O-), the surface P-OH mainly dissociated to form P-O-, and the electrostatic interaction of P-O-with MB+enhanced. The bonding of MB+with surface P-OH and Ca2+sites of hydroxyapatite would be hydrogen-bonding and Lewis acid-base interactions, respectively. The optimum synthesis condition for MB+immobilization at the monomer state was found to be the initial P/Ca molar ratio of 2.0. Here, the existence percentage of the MB+monomer and the molecular occupancy of the surface carbonate ion at the initial P/Ca molar ratio of 2.0 were higher than those at 4.0 with no significant difference in the immobilized amount of MB+, indicating that MB+at the initial P/Ca molar ratio of 4.0 is more aggregated than that at 2.0. These results suggested that a part of carbonate ions has a role as a spacer to suppress MB+aggregation. Accordingly, the interfacial interactions between the MB+monomer and the hydroxyapatite surface were clarified, which can effectively be controlled by the initial P/Ca molar ratio. These findings will provide fundamental and useful knowledge for the design of calcium phosphate-organic nanohybrids. We believe that these particles will be the base materials to realize diagnostic and/or therapeutic functions through the molecular state control by optimizing the synthesis conditions.

DOI： 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03569

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Authorship：Lead author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：American Chemical Society (ACS)  

We successfully controlled the coordination states of citric acid (Cit) molecules on europium (Eu3+) ion-doped hydroxyapatite (Eu:HA) nanoparticles (NPs) by changing the feed Ca/P molar ratio at the nucleation stage and precisely investigated the effect of Cit states on the photoluminescence (PL) properties of the Cit-coordinated Eu:HA (Cit/Eu:HA) NPs. The increase in the molar ratio of (Ca + Eu) to P significantly increased the coordination amount of Cit on the Eu:HA NP surfaces. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation demonstrated that with the increase in the coordination amount of Cit, the primary Cit/Eu:HA NPs with low crystallinity spherified and the aggregation among the NPs partially occurred, suggesting bond formation between the -COO-of Cit and the Ca2+(or Eu3+, K+) of Eu:HA. The Fourier transform infrared spectra demonstrated that the COO-of Cit is initially substituted with HPO42-on the Cit/Eu:HA NP surfaces, followed by electrostatic adsorption of Cit on the cations (Ca2+, Eu3+, and K+) of the NP surfaces, resulting in the increase of the Cit coordination amount. When the coordination occupancy of Cit molecules exceeded 100%, the molecules would form bonds with the cations such as -COO--Ca2+(or Eu3+or K+)-COO-on the surfaces in the bimolecular coordination state, which was observed as an amorphous surface layer by TEM. In the cation-rich surface environment during NP formation, the existence of the excess Ca2+, Eu3+, and K+ions would be enhanced on the NP surfaces while interacting with COO-in addition to the inclusion state inside the Eu:HA structures. Moreover, the surface Cit layer containing Eu3+formed on the NP surfaces contributed to the effective increase in the PL intensity area and the internal quantum efficiency for biomedical applications.

DOI： 10.1021/acsanm.1c03999

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)  

Control of the nanospaces of the hydroxyapatite nanoparticle films was successfully achieved using the citric acid coordination technique in a very simple way, which will provide a convenient bioceramic film preparation process.

DOI： 10.1039/d1tb02002a

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

Competitive incorporation of Eu3+ and Na+ ions into citric acid-passivated hydroxyapatite (Cit/HA) particles was investigated for improving the photoluminescence internal quantum yield (ηint). As a result, Eu3+/Na+-co-doped Cit/HA (Cit/HA:Eu/Na) particles were successfully synthesized to control the Eu3+ states inside/outside the HA structure. The optimum Na+ concentration would suppress the surface deactivation of the Cit/HA:Eu/Na particles, leading to the higher ηint value.

DOI： 10.1016/j.matlet.2021.130561

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Authorship：Lead author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：American Chemical Society (ACS)  

Functional nanomaterials are one of the potential carriers for drug delivery, whereas there are many prerequisites for this purpose. The carrier should be monodispersed, be fluorescent, and have a proper nanostructure to keep/release drug molecules to achieve controlled release, although preparing a nanomaterial which fulfills all the demands is still very challenging. In this paper, we show the preparation of monodispersed nanoporous amorphous titania submicron particles with fluorescent property. They adsorb a model drug molecule - ibuprofen - with their surface coverage up to 100%. Such a perfect loading does not decrease the fluorescent intensity because of any quenching effects but even maximize it. We also demonstrate the release behavior of IBU into simulated body fluid. Interestingly, the present carrier releases most of IBU in 6 h, whereas that modified with the polyethylene glycol moiety takes 48 h to finish releasing IBU, indicating its potential for controlled release applications.

DOI： 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00718

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

Transparent hydroxyapatite/citric acid (Cit/HA) particulate film formation and the stability in biological solution were investigated. Negatively charged Cit/HA nanoparticles were synthesized, and the particulate films were prepared by a spin-coat method through water or ethanol dispersion. As a result, the crack-free and transparent Cit/HA films were prepared from water dispersion, which exhibited the better optical properties as compared with the films prepared from ethanol dispersion. The Cit/HA films exhibited higher optical transmittance with increasing the hybridized Cit amount, and the highest transmittance in the visible light region exceeded 80%. Moreover, the calcined film had long-term stability in phosphate-buffered saline while maintaining high transparency, which is expected to be used as a candidate coating film for cell culture substrates.

DOI： 10.1016/j.colcom.2020.100316

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

© 2020 The Society of Powder Technology Japan In this study, Eu3+-containing amorphous silica nanoparticles and Eu compounds were successfully synthesized via a mechanochemical solid-state reaction between silica nanoparticles and EuCl3·6H2O. This reaction was induced by a grinding process, and the states of Eu3+ in the silica/europium composites were investigated. The silica/europium composites exhibited orange–red color luminescence owing to the 5D0–7F0, 5D0–7F1, and 5D0–7F2 transitions, which indicated the presence of Eu3+ in the silica framework and the newly formed Eu compounds such as EuOCl and Eu(OH)2Cl. The mechanochemical reaction because of the grinding process effectively induced an interaction between the silica surface and europium chloride; subsequently, Eu(OH)2Cl was formed in the silica/europium composites. Additionally, the Eu(OH)2Cl in the silica/europium composite exhibited a higher thermal stability than that of simple Eu(OH)2Cl, indicating that the mechanochemical reaction mediated the formation of Eu(OH)2Cl and new chemical bonding between the newly formed Eu(OH)2Cl and the silica surface, providing improved thermal stability to Eu(OH)2Cl. Thus, we successfully prepared silica nanoparticles containing not only Eu(III) in the silica framework but also Eu compounds that exhibit unique chemical bonding during a mechanochemical reaction.

DOI： 10.1016/j.apt.2020.07.013

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Authorship：Lead author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：American Chemical Society (ACS)  

We successfully prepared hybrid nanoparticles (NPs) with photofunctional interfaces between the citric acid (Cit) molecules and europium(III) ion (Eu3+)-doped hydroxyapatite (HA) (Eu:HA) to provide bifunctional cell-labeling and cytostatic suppression. In particular, the Eu:HA NPs were synthesized in the presence of Cit, and the Cit molecules were hybridized with the Eu:HA NPs (Cit/Eu:HA). The physicochemical properties based on the interfacial Eu:HA-Cit interactions in the NPs were elucidated. The atomic structures on the Eu:HA NP surface layers were disordered by increasing the liquid-solid interfaces by the interactions between the Cit molecules and the Ca site of Eu:HA NPs. It was suggested that the Cit molecules that interacted with the Eu:HA NP surfaces sterically hindered the NP growth by the inorganic-organic interactions. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the interactions of Cit as an organic molecule and Eu:HA as an inorganic matrix were important for achieving the efficient photoluminescence properties. Thus, the efficient luminescence ability including the internal efficiency for cancer cell labeling was achieved, and simultaneously, the Cit molecular effect on the suppression of the cancer cell line growth was investigated. As a result, the luminescence enhancement with the hybridization was successfully elucidated. In particular, the low symmetry of the coordination structure for the Eu3+ ion at the Ca(I) site provided the enhanced luminescence efficiency. Furthermore, the folate N-hydroxysuccinimidyl ester (FA-NHS) was immobilized on the Cit/Eu:HA NPs to enhance the uptake efficiency of the NPs into the cancer cells. Then, the cytocompatibility and the cell-labeling property were evaluated to investigate the effect of the NPs on the cancer cell growth suppression by the Cit molecules. Cancer cell growth suppression was successfully achieved by the interactions with the Cit/Eu:HA NPs. Furthermore, the Cit/Eu:HA NPs reacted with the cells to exhibit red-color luminescence from the cells while suppressing cancer cell growth, indicating the bifunction of cell-labeling and cytostatic suppression in one particle. The hybridized Cit molecules could significantly contribute to the tumorized cell (sphere) growth suppression. In particular, the Cit/Eu:HA NPs were effectively reacted with the spheres after a culture time of 60 h, and the luminescent labeling with following the cellular shapes could be achieved 1 h after NP addition, indicating the rapid labeling process with cytostatic suppression for interacting with the spheres.

DOI： 10.1021/acsanm.9b01933

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

The surfactant removal from titania/octadecylamine (ODA) hybrid spherical particles through a bake treatment, solvent-extraction or their combination was investigated. The particles after removing ODA via such approaches showed spherical shape with high specific surface area ranging from 145 to 345 m(2)/g and were found to be dispersible in phosphate buffered saline. The ODA removal processes clearly influenced the particle surface states, the crystallization degrees, and the dispersibility.

DOI： 10.1016/j.rinp.2019.102215

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：American Chemical Society (ACS)  

We synthesized hydroxyapatite nanocrystals under the existence of tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)europium(III) (EuTH) complex to form inorganic/organic hybrid nanocrystal (EHA). Then, the folic acid derivative (folate N-hydroxysuccinimidyl ester (FA-NHS)) as the targeting ligand for the HeLa cancer cells was immobilized on the EHA by the mediation of both 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and methyltriethoxysilane molecules. Here, we investigated the photofunctions based on the interfacial interactions between the FA-NHS and EHA nanohybrids for preparing the novel bioimaging nanomaterials. As a result, the photofunctions could be changed by the FA-NHS molecular occupancy on the EHA. When the molecular occupancy ratio to the EHA surfaces is at around 3-5%, the intense luminescence from the f-f transition of the Eu3+ ions as well as the charge transfer between the EuTH-FA-NHS was observed to exhibit higher quantum efficiency. Moreover, effective dispersibility in phosphate-buffered saline was confirmed with immobilizing the positively charged FA-NHS. The cytotoxicity against the HeLa cells was also evaluated to verify whether the nanohybrids can be the candidate for cell imaging. The affinity and noncytotoxicity between the FA-NHS-immobilized EHA nanohybrids and cells were monitored for 3 days. Red luminescence from the cells could be observed, and the labels with following the cellular shapes were achieved by an additional culture time of 1 h after injecting the FA-NHS-immobilized EHA nanohybrids to the spheres, indicating the rapid bioimaging process. Therefore, this is the first successful report to describe the synthesis of inorganic-organic nanohybrid systems for controlling the EuTH-FA-NHS interactions. The photofunction of the interfacial interactions was successfully designed to provide "efficient luminescent ability" as well as "rapid targeting to the cancer cells" in one particle.

DOI： 10.1021/acsami.8b22740

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

We have synthesized novel inorganic-organic hybrid systems based on the interactions between calcium phosphate (CP) and tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)europium (III) (EuTH) complex to clarify the states of the EuTH molecules. We achieved the nucleation and crystal growth of electronically localized of EuTH molecules using two different synthetic processes (based on the timing of the addition EuTH before and after the CP nucleation stage). The coordination environment of the Eu3+ ion inside/on the hybrids was clearly changed, having the higher spatial symmetry states in the hybrid. The aspect ratios of the hybrid crystallites were 2.5-6.0, suggesting that the EuTH molecules selectively interacted with the a-plane of the CP nuclei to induce preferential crystal growth along with the uncovered c-plane. The segregated EuTH molecules on CP surfaces suppressed Ca2 + dissolution from the hybrids in phosphate buffer saline. In the excitation spectra of the hybrids, the F-7(0) -> L-5(6) transition appeared as a result of the interaction between the EuTH and phosphate ions, suggesting that the phosphate ions affected the coordination environment. In the luminescence spectra of the hybrids, the luminescence intensity ratio of the magnetic dipole transition (D-5(0) -> (7)Fi) to electric dipole transition (D-5(0) -> F-7(2)) were higher than those of EuTH and the other Eu3+-doped inorganic systems. Thus, the higher spatial symmetry states of the Eu3+ ion in the hybrids resulted in greater luminescence intensities and quantum efficiencies, which would be affected by the phosphorus anti-quenching. In the future, CP hybrids with various organic complexes will be prepared, and these could be applied in the biomedical fields such as in bio-imaging and drug delivery systems.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jpcs.2018.06.031

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Authorship：Lead author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.  

We synthesized the inorganic/organic hybrid nanocrystal (EHA) by hydroxyapatite (HA) nanocrystal growth under the existence of tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)europium(III) (EuTH) complex. Then, folic acid derivative (FA-NHS: folate N-hydroxysuccinimidyl ester) as the targeting ligand for the HeLa cancer cells was immobilized on the EHA by the mediation of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and methyltriethoxysilane (MTES). When the FA-NHS molecular occupancy ratio on the EHA surface is around 3 to 5 %, the strong luminescence from the f-f transition of the Eu³⁺ ion and luminescence associated with energy transfer between the EuTH-FA monomer near 518 nm were observed. Moreover, the dispersibility in phosphate buffer saline was confirmed with immobilizing the positively-charged FA-NHS. The affinity and non-cytotoxicity between the nanocrystals and HeLa cancer cells were confirmed for 3 days. The red luminescence from the cells could be observed by fluorescence microscopy and the luminescence spectra.

DOI： 10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.782.41

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

We synthesized the novel inorganic-organic nanohybrid systems in hydroxyapatite (HA) nanocrystal growth processes under the presence of tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)europium (HI) (EuTH) complex for the first time. The nanohybrid states were successfully controlled by the EuTH concentration to Ca ions in HA. The morphology of the HA was observed by a transmission electron microscope and the nanocrystalline aspect ratios were estimated to be 2.5-4.8. The segregated EuTH molecules on the HA nanocrystals covered over the aplane in HA, leading to the effective crystal growth along with the uncovered c-plane. The luminescence properties of the nanohybrids were different from that of the EuTH itself in the solution and solid states, indicating the unique Eu3+ ion states on the HA nanocrystals because of the different ligand field symmetry. Moreover, the relative luminescence intensity ratio based on the D-5(0) -> F-7(1) and D-5(0) -> F-7(2) transitions in the nanohybrid became lower with increasing the EuTH concentration, suggesting that the hybridization lowered the coordination environment symmetry of Eu3+ ion. The luminescence intensity and quantum efficiency of the nanohybrids were higher than that of the EuTH itself. Therefore, the interaction at EuTH-HA interface as well as between EuTH-EuTH molecules significantly changed by the inorganic-organic hybridization under different EuTH concentrations. In future, the present hybridization technique can be applied for preparing the nanohybrids with various metallic complexes.

DOI： 10.1016/j.optmat.2018.07.014

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)  

<p>Eu(<sc>iii</sc>) acetylacetonate-doped well-defined titania particles were synthesized to demonstrate composition dependent efficient luminescence properties.</p>

DOI： 10.1039/c7dt03035e

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Authorship：Lead author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)  

<p>Terbium-doped mesoporous silica/calcium phosphate interfacial hybrid particles were prepared to demonstrate characteristic luminescence behavior.</p>

DOI： 10.1039/c6ra28457d

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：IOP Publishing  

Terbium(III)-doped mesoporous silicas were synthesized, and the states of terbium ions in the silica frameworks were investigated. The mesopores were preserved upon doping at terbium ion molar concentrations relative to (Si+Tb) up to 15 mol %, indicating the interaction of terbium ions with Si–O bonds. Significant morphological changes of the particles were observed with increasing the doping concentration. The shapes of the photoluminescence spectra due to the transitions of ⁵D<inf>4</inf>→ ⁷F<inf>6</inf>and ⁵D<inf>4</inf>→ ⁷F<inf>5</inf>were indicative of the presence of terbium ions in the silica matrix, and the quantum efficiency (2.1–2.8%) and lifetime (1.6–1.9 ms) decreased with increasing the doping concentration up to 15 mol %. Therefore, the terbium ions are considered to be located inside the amorphous silica frameworks, where they electrostatically interact with the O atoms of silanol and siloxane groups.

DOI： 10.7567/jjap.55.105503

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Other Link： http://stacks.iop.org/1347-4065/55/i=10/a=105503?key=crossref.964f34ccabb98dfd1906efb3d197a627

Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

Europium (III) (Eu3+)-doped hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanocrystals were synthesized in the presence of a cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide (CTAB) to investigate the states of Eu3+ ions in the structure. The HAp structure was preserved with the doping as well as the CTAB existence, and the carbonate ions were included in the structure. The uniformshapes andmono-dispersion of the nanocrystals were observed by adding CTAB. The transitions of D-5(0)-F-7(1) and D-5(0)-F-7(2) in the photoluminescence spectra indicated the presence of the Eu3+ in an environment of a low symmetry before the calcination. The Eu3+ was effectively positioned in the Ca sites in the HAp structure. The CTAB addition would prevent the Eu3+ ions from aggregating each other, inducing the effective substitution and resultantly showing the efficient luminescence. Therefore, the interactions between the Eu3+ ions and HAp structure were successfully enhanced in the presence of CTAB. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V.

DOI： 10.1016/j.colcom.2016.04.003

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：American Chemical Society (ACS)  

© 2016 American Chemical Society. To clarify hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanocrystal formation based on the interfacial interactions with organic molecules is important for controlling the dispersion states/shapes of HAp and understanding the biomineralization mechanism. In this study, the effects of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) micelles on the HAp nanocrystal formation process were investigated through both the morphosynthesis technique and the molecular orbital calculations. The HAp nanocrystals synthesized in the presence of CTAB exhibited a controlled rod-like shape and subsequently grew up by a thermal treatment to be larger-sized nanocrystals at a well-dispersed state. It was also found that the CTAB micelles strained and disordered at the higher temperature effectively induced heterogeneous nucleation to initiate the nucleation/growth processes. In contrast, HAp nanocrystals synthesized without CTAB exhibited irregular-shaped and aggregated nanocrystals, which are due to dominantly occurring homogeneous nucleation. According to the molecular orbital calculations, the cationic N atom of the CTAB molecule strongly interacted with the Ca ion in the a-plane as well as the hydroxyl/phosphate groups in the c-plane of HAp via ionic/covalent bonding (e.g., only ionic bonding at the closer interfacial distance at 1.0 Å), leading to effective nucleation on the micelle surfaces. Therefore, a possible reason for the rod-like and well-dispersed nanocrystal formation is due to the heterogeneous nuclei formation/growth on the N atoms of CTAB micelles and subsequent fusion growth among the CTAB micelle-directed inorganic-organic complexes in the confined spaces. The present results will be applicable for designing tailored HAp morphologies based on inorganic-organic hybrid interaction systems.

DOI： 10.1021/acs.cgd.5b01599

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.colcom.2016.03.005

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)  

<p>Synthesis and magnetic/luminescent properties of well-defined titania/octadecylamine/iron(<sc>iii</sc>) acetylacetonate hybrid functional particles were demonstrated.</p>

DOI： 10.1039/c6ra03824g

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Hindawi Limited  

Hydroxyapatite (Ca₁₀(PO₄)₃(OH)₂) (HAp) is crystallographically and chemically similar to the human hard tissues and has been widely researched. The naturally formed HAp has some impurities of some ions, which provides the biocompatibility as well as the nanosized morphologies in the tissues. In this study, the morphosynthesis of zinc-substituted stoichiometric and carbonate hydroxyapatite (Zn:HAp and Zn:CAp) nanoparticles was investigated from the reagents of CaCl₂, ZnCl₂, and K₂HPO₄. The initial (Ca + Zn)/P ratios of 1.67 and 2.00 were adjusted by the initial ZnCl₂amount at the Zn/(Ca + Zn) concentration of 0.0−10 mol%. The crystalline sizes of the nanoparticles decreased with increasing the Zn ion amount, suggesting that the Zn substitution significantly suppressed the crystal growth. TEM images of the nanoparticles indicated that all the crystalline sizes are less than 100 nm and the needle-like shapes were significantly changed to spherical shapes with increasing the Zn ion substitution to resultantly exhibit the higher surface areas as well as the nanoparticle aggregation states. Furthermore, all the nanoparticle films electrically plated on a silicone substrate give no cytotoxicity, and the Zn:CAp nanoparticle films significantly provided the bioactive properties for fibroblast ingrowth, suggesting the effect of Zn and carbonate ions on the cytocompatibility.

DOI： 10.1155/2015/376045

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Other Link： http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jnm/2015/376045.xml

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (other)   Publisher：日本セラミックス協会  

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (scientific journal)   Publisher：Hapres  

DOI： 10.20900/rmf20200001

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