Research Projects -
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健康・老化・老人性疾患における酸化ストレス依存的エピゲノム変化の意義
Grant number:24KK0181 2024.09 - 2029.03
日本学術振興会 科学研究費助成事業 国際共同研究加速基金(海外連携研究)
上原 孝
Grant amount:\20930000 ( Direct expense: \16100000 、 Indirect expense:\4830000 )
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DNAメチル化酵素のS-ニトロシル化修飾を特異的に抑制する低分子化合物を用いた新型コロナウイルス感染後遺症治療法の開発
Grant number:23fk0108585h0001 2024.05 - 2025.03
AMED 新興・再興感染症に対する革新的医薬品等開発推進研究事業
上原 孝,大塚 文男,諫田 泰成,坡下 真大
Authorship:Principal investigator
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Integrated understanding of the mechanisms of maintenance and breakdown of epigenomic resilience for health
Grant number:24H00678 2024.04 - 2028.03
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
上原 孝, 筒井 正人, 座間味 義人, 久保田 翔
Grant amount:\47580000 ( Direct expense: \36600000 、 Indirect expense:\10980000 )
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新型コロナウイルス感染に伴う過剰NO産生を介したエピゲノム変化・後遺症発現に対する 独自開発化合物の効果
Grant number:22fk0108517h0001 2023.04 - 2024.03
AMED 新興・再興感染症に対する革新的医薬品等開発推進研究事業
上原 孝,大塚 文男,片桐 豊雅
Authorship:Principal investigator
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Epigenetic changes in gene expression by nitric oxide
Grant number:22K19380 2022.06 - 2024.03
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Research (Exploratory) Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Research (Exploratory)
上原 孝
Authorship:Principal investigator
Grant amount:\6370000 ( Direct expense: \4900000 、 Indirect expense:\1470000 )
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Isolation of compound that specifically prevents oxidation-dependent ER stress sensor inhibition
2022.04 - 2023.03
AMED 橋渡し研究プログラム シーズA
Authorship:Principal investigator
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Development of specific oxidative modification inhibitor for endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor
Grant number:19K22498 2019.06 - 2021.03
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Research (Exploratory)
Uehara Takashi
Grant amount:\6500000 ( Direct expense: \5000000 、 Indirect expense:\1500000 )
Nitric oxide (NO) regulates the enzymatic activity of IRE1α, a sensor molecule of UPR, through protein S-nitrosylation. Since NO resulted in apoptosis via inactivation of UPR, we consider a compound that specifically suppresses this oxidative modification without inhibiting endonuclease activity of IRE1α is effective. Certainly, there are many diseases dependent on UPR dysfunction such as Parkinson's disease or diabetes. Therefore, we attempted to isolate a specific oxidative modification inhibitor for the endoplasmic modification site. From in silico screening, we could isolate a candidate lead compound. In order to increase the pharmacological potency, two derivatives were also produced. We then confirmed their inhibitory effects that restored the blockage of the UPR pathway by NO in a concentration-dependent manner.
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Environmental electrophiles exposome and reactive sulfur species as its regulator molecule
Grant number:18H05293 2018.06 - 2023.03
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S) Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S)
熊谷 嘉人, 上原 孝, 西田 基宏
Grant amount:\195260000 ( Direct expense: \150200000 、 Indirect expense:\45060000 )
メタルエクスポソームのモデル実験:2020年度における培養細胞で得られた知見を参考にして、非細胞系(モデルタンパク質としてアルブミン)、細胞系および個体(マウス)を用いて、親電子性金属の複合曝露(エクスポソーム)実験を行なった。その結果、メチル水銀(MeHg)との反応で観察されるアルブミン中チオール基の修飾は、銅(Cu)やカドミウムを共存させると増強されたが、アルミニウム(Al)やスズでは影響されなかった。HepG2細胞をMeHgに曝露すると、細胞外に排泄されたシステインパースルフィド(CysSH)の消費、細胞内タンパク質へのS-水銀化および細胞毒性が見られたが、CuおよびAlの共存化で増強および影響されなかった。マウスにMeHgを曝露すると、協調運動の低下および時間依存的な致死効果が観察された。パースルフィド処置でそれぞれ抑制されたが、そこに銅が共存すると、パースルフィドによる抑制効果は消失した。MeHgの親マウスへの単独曝露に比べて、銅を共存させると胎児の肝臓中水銀の蓄積は有意に増加した。
ニンニク中サルフェン硫黄含有化合物の分離およびMeHgリスクの軽減: MeHgはサルフェン硫黄を含む低分子と反応すると、低毒性のイオウ付加体が生じる。ニンニクジュースをヘキサンで抽出すると、効率良くサルフェン硫黄含有脂肪族炭化水素類を回収できた。ニンニクのヘキサン抽出画分(GHE)を濃縮乾固して得た残渣を分取用シリカゲルカラムで分離した結果、構造の異なるサルフェン硫黄含有脂肪族炭化水素が存在することが示唆された。MeHgによる用量依存的な細胞毒性は、GHEの共存下で有意に抑制された。MeHg曝露によるマウスの体重減少および致死効果は、GHEを処理することでそれぞれ有意に抑制された。 -
Mechanism of epigenetic regulation by nitric oxide with a novel compound regulating the modification of cysteine residue
Grant number:18H02579 2018.04 - 2021.03
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
Uehara Takashi
Grant amount:\17290000 ( Direct expense: \13300000 、 Indirect expense:\3990000 )
We clarified that several enzymes involved in epigenetics are targets of nitric oxide (NO). We found that the enzymatic activity was significantly inhibited by modification of Cys residue. In addition, we screened the genes whose expression levels were changed by NO exposure with RNA-seq analysis. From this screening, we succeeded in isolating many candidate genes. Then, we attempted to isolate the compound that attenuates the modification from in silico screening. A compound could inhibit S-nitrosylation of target protein in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, this chemical significantly attenuated the gene expression in response to NO.
Our findings strongly suggested that NO is a key factor that regulates gene expression via dysfunction of epigenetic system. -
Biological effect and preventive method for human serum albumin binding to transboundary air borne PM2.5.
Grant number:18H03039 2018.04 - 2021.03
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
Ogino Keiki
Grant amount:\12870000 ( Direct expense: \9900000 、 Indirect expense:\2970000 )
We discovered for the first time in the world that human albumin (hAlb) is bound to atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and investigated its origin and biological effects. We found that hAlb, which is excreted from humans, binds to PM2.5, remains on the surface of the earth without being degraded, and may be dispersed into the atmosphere during winter when humidity is low. hAlb binds to PM2.5, enters cells through clathrin-dependent endocytosis, and induces oxidative stress. Furthermore, hAlb bound to PM2.5 reacted with O3 and NO2 in the air to form nitrated hAlb, which caused eosinophilia in bronchi via IL-5 and eotaxin-1.
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Novel regulatory mechanism of Abeta degradation via ER stress
Grant number:17K19490 2017.06 - 2019.03
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Challenging Research (Exploratory) Challenging Research (Exploratory)
Uehara Takashi
Grant amount:\6500000 ( Direct expense: \5000000 、 Indirect expense:\1500000 )
To clarify the role of E3 ligase that is involved in ER stress signaling, we attempted to find its substrate. In this study, we succeeded in identifying an Aβ degrading enzymes (proteases). The substrate protein was polyubiquitinated but not degraded by proteasome. Next, we examined if ubiquitination results in the change in the enzymatic activity. Hydrolysis of Aβ peptide was significantly suppressed by this modification. Therefore, it is suggested that under the endoplasmic reticulum stress environment, an E3 ligases is highly expressed, and ubiquitination of the substrate may alter intracellular localization by regulating the enzyme activity.
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Life science basis of short-lived reactive species originated from foods
Grant number:17H06170 2017.05 - 2022.03
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S) Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S)
内田 浩二, 赤池 孝章, 上原 孝, 安達 貴弘
Grant amount:\204230000 ( Direct expense: \157100000 、 Indirect expense:\47130000 )
1. 抗酸化剤に由来する短寿命分子種の同定・検出:ワインなどに含まれるポリフェノールとして有名なレスベラトロールの代謝物(ピセアタンノール)がタンパク質に作用して生成される短寿命分子として酸化リジン (α-aminoadipic semialdehyde) を同定し、さらにLC-ESI-MS/MSによる高感度検出にも成功した。ピセアタンノールとの反応により生成するタンハク質の構造変化をLC-ESI-MS/MSを用いて機器分析により詳細に解析した結果、リジン2分子が架橋したdehydrolysinonorleucineを検出した。
2. 短寿命抗酸化剤代謝物によるタンパク質の新機能獲得:酸化型ビタミンCと反応させたタンパク質が自然抗体IgM産生を伴う自然免疫機構を活性化することを見出した。また、カテキンとして知られるポリフェノールEGCGと反応させたタンパク質が、自然抗体IgMだけでなくアポリポタンパク質Eとも相互作用することを発見した。
3. 過硫黄分子によるタンパク質パースルフィド化:イオウ関連分子の生理機能解明のために、質量分析による生体内イオウ代謝物質のメタボローム解析を行い、新規ポリスルフィド合成系としてシステイン-tRNA合成酵素(CARS)を同定した。また、CARSが産生するシステインパースルフィドがミトコンドリアにおけるエネルギー産生の制御に関わることを明らかにした。
4. 短寿命分子種による細胞内タンパク質機能制御:活性硫黄種がPDI のポリサルファー化を介して酵素活性を亢進させ、小胞体での異常タンパク質の蓄積を抑制することでストレス抵抗性を獲得する可能性を明らかにした。また、一酸化窒素の標的として同定したDNAメチル基転移酵素の修飾部位に関して、LC-MS/MS 解析を進めた。 -
Regulation of epigenetic enzymes via nitrosative stress and development of its specific modulator
Grant number:15H04649 2015.04 - 2018.03
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
Uehara Takashi
Grant amount:\16770000 ( Direct expense: \12900000 、 Indirect expense:\3870000 )
We could demonstrate that nitric oxide (NO) regulates epigenetic enzymes. A cysteine residue was a target of NO and its covalent modification contributed to the inhibition of enzymatic activity in cells. From these findings, we speculated that NO may be involved in the up-regulation of several genes via this mechanism. Next, we conducted DNA micro array for isolating genes that is sensitive to NO. We could isolate several genes regulated by NO. Thus, we could propose a novel system of gene expression via nitrosative stress in this study.
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Regulation of unfolded protein response by oxidative stress
Grant number:15K14952 2015.04 - 2017.03
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research
Uehara Takashi
Grant amount:\3770000 ( Direct expense: \2900000 、 Indirect expense:\870000 )
S-nitrosylation modulates important cellular processes in many cell types. We attempted to elucidate the effects of S-nitrosylation on unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway. We found that nitric oxide (NO) can S-nitrosylate the ER stress sensors IRE1α and PERK. However S-nitrosylation of IRE1α inhibited its ribonuclease activity, S-nitrosylation of PERK activated its kinase activity and downstream phosphorylation/inactivation or eIF2α. Overexpression of IRE1α(Cys931) prevented S-nitrosylation and inhibition of its enzymatic activity, indicating Cys931 is the predominant site of S-nitrosylation. These results indicated that nitrosative stress leads to dysfunctional ER stress signaling, thus contributing to neuronal cell death.
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Polysulfur metabolome and regulation of anti-oxidative stress responses
Grant number:26111008 2014.07 - 2019.03
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Research in a proposed research area) Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Research in a proposed research area)
Akaike Takaaki
Grant amount:\105430000 ( Direct expense: \81100000 、 Indirect expense:\24330000 )
Polysulfides is reactive persulfide species which have extra sulfur atoms in cysteine thiol and cellular proteins contain polysulfides abundantly (protein polysulfuration). In this study, we investigated the translation-coupled mechanism of protein polysulfidation mediated by cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase (CARS) and its biological functions. CARSs from various biological species including bacteria and mammals are found to have cysteine persulfide-producing activity and to be critically involved in protein polysulfuration. Protein polysulfuration is suggested to play important roles in the regulation of cellular function such as mitochondrial morphogenesis.
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Identification of novel target proteins of NO with new screening system
Grant number:25670029 2013.04 - 2015.03
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research
UEHARA Takashi
Grant amount:\3900000 ( Direct expense: \3000000 、 Indirect expense:\900000 )
In this study, we attempted to isolate the novel target proteins of NO using new screening system. In addition, we tried to identify the substrates of NO with several specific antibodies. We could isolate several enzymes involved in epigenetics as the targets of NO. We found that those candidates are S-nitrosylated in vitro and in vivo. These results indicated that those proteins are certainly the targets of NO. We are now investigated the role of S-nitrosylation on its enzymatic activity.
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Detection of oxidized ERprotein by nitrosative/oxidative stress with a specific antibody
Grant number:23659041 2011 - 2012
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research
UEHARA Takashi
Grant amount:\3770000 ( Direct expense: \2900000 、 Indirect expense:\870000 )
The aim of this study is to establish the assay system to detect oxidized PDI (PDI-SO3H) with a specific antibody. We succeeded to isolate several specific antibodies against PDI-SO3H. An antibody could detect the oxidized form of PDI treated with H2O2, NO, or rotenone. This antibody might be useful for diagnosis of sporadic neurodegenerative disprders such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases.
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Grant number:22310039 2010 - 2012
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
UEHARA Takashi
Grant amount:\18070000 ( Direct expense: \13900000 、 Indirect expense:\4170000 )
We found that methyl mercury results in neuronal cell death and the reduction of S-nitrosylated PDI formation in a concentration-dependent manner in SH-SY5Y cells. These observations suggested methyl mercury affects same cysteine residue that is oxidized by nitric oxide. Treatment with methyl mercury stimulated the specific splicing of XBP1 mRNA and phosphorylation of IRE1α. Thus, methyl mercury might induce apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress caused by dysfunction of protein maturation system.
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新規小胞体膜ユビキチンリガーゼの基質探索と神経生理機能特定
Grant number:21659013 2009 - 2010
日本学術振興会 科学研究費助成事業 挑戦的萌芽研究 挑戦的萌芽研究
上原 孝
Grant amount:\3000000 ( Direct expense: \3000000 )
私たちはこれまでにヒトゲノム情報から推定上の新規な小胞体膜に存在するユビキチンリガーゼの特定を行なってきた.その生理あるいは病態生理的特徴を解明するために,基質の同定を試みた,まず,動物細胞内に当該ユビキチンリガーゼを強制発現させ,特異的抗体により免疫沈降反応を行った.免疫沈降物をSDS-PAGEで展開し,ゲルを染色した後,得られたバンドを切り出して酵素処理した.これらをMALDI TOF/MASS解析し,蛋白質を特定した.数種の候補蛋白質が単離されたが,その一つはインスリン分解酵素(IDE)であった.IDEは末梢ばかりでなく中枢神経系にも高発現している,さらには脳内ではアルツハイマー病発症に関わるAβの分解に寄与していることが明らかとなっている.そこでこのユビキチンリガーゼとIDEの関係の詳細を調べた.両者を神経細胞で強制発現させた際に結合が観察されたが,ユビキチンリガーゼ単独で発現した際にも内在性のIDEと強く結合することから,両者の結合は非常に強いものであることがわかった.さらには,このときIDEはポリユビキチン化されることを見いだした.また,このユビキチン鎖はLys48結合であることを特異的抗体から明らかにした,さらに,内在性IDEはHRD1を過剰発現させることで急速に分解されることを明らかにした,逆に,HRD 1をノックダウンさせるとIDEの半減期は有意に延長されることがわかった.今後は,さらに本研究を発展させ,ヒト病態におけるタンパク質量の変化を明らかにし,神経変性疾患発症との関わりについて明らかにする予定である.
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Signaling Functions of Reactive Oxygen Species
Grant number:20117001 2008.11 - 2014.03
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Research in a proposed research area) Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Research in a proposed research area)
AKAIKE Takaaki, SUMIMOTO Hideki, UCHIDA Koji, MATSUMOTO Akio, URANO Yasuteru, ARIMOTO Hirokazu, ITOH Ken, SHIMOKAWA Hiroaki, TSUTSUI Hiroyuki, UEHARA Takashi, KAMATA Hideaki, NISHIDA Motohiro
Grant amount:\58500000 ( Direct expense: \45000000 、 Indirect expense:\13500000 )
活性酸素は生体分子に非特異的な化学損傷をもたらす単なる毒性因子ではなく、シグナル分子として生体内で様々な役割を担っていることが明らかになってきた。本領域研究は、化学と生物系が融合したケミカルバイオロジーの新たな視点から、活性酸素によるシグナル伝達研究を展開することにより、多彩な生命現象と疾患病態に関与している活性酸素の生理機能の解明と生物種に普遍的に発現されている活性酸素シグナルの統合的理解を目指して発足した。本年度は、領域研究にて得られた成果を国内外に情報発信することを目的とした。具体的には、下記の学会での共催として、領域メンバーおよび招待演者における講演をおこなった。(1)ジョイントシンポジウム「生体ストレス応答:酸素毒から環境汚染物質まで」(領域メンバー5名、海外招待演者1名)(平成25年7月12日、熊本、日本生体防御学会との共催)、(2)東北医学会(海外招待演者1名、平成26年3月20日、仙台)。本領域研究で取扱う「活性酸素シグナル」は、基礎生物学、農学(植物学)、医学生物学を含めた生命科学の幅広い分野に関係している。また、活性酸素の生理機能の解明なしには、活性酸素の制御異常がもたらす疾病である、メタボリックシンドローム、感染・炎症、老化、発がんなどの病態解明と予防対策、治療戦略は確立できない。したがって、本領域研究で得られた成果は、今後益々重要となる「活性酸素シグナル」をキーワードとした異分野融合型プロジェクトの形成推進に大きく資するものと期待される。