Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

The purpose of this prospective cohort study was to identify predictors for frailty among possible oral factors in community-dwelling older people. Ninety-seven participants (≥60 years old) without frailty at baseline were included and assigned to either the robust or the frailty group after 2-year follow-up. The frailty was defined using the Japan Cardiovascular Health Study index. The numbers of present and functional teeth and periodontal disease severity were recorded. Bacterial counts on the dorsum of the tongue, oral moisture, tongue pressure, occlusal force, masticatory ability, and the oral diadochokinesis (ODK) rate were measured. Swallowing function, along with psychosocial status, relationships with communities and people, nutritional status, medical history, and comorbidities were evaluated using a questionnaire. The newly identified frailty group at follow-up showed significantly lower values in the number of teeth present, ODK/ta/sound and ODK/ka/sound rates, and clinical attachment level at baseline compared to the robust group. A logistic regression model showed a significantly negative association between the ODK/ta/sound rate at baseline and the incidence of frailty. Articulatory oral motor skill was found to be a predictor of frailty after two years.

DOI： 10.3390/ijerph19031145

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：WILEY  

Objectives To clarify the associations among oral status, nutritional status and physical status in Japanese independent older adults. Background It is important to focus on factors affecting physical status associated with life dysfunction, long-term care and mortality. However, there are very few reports of the associations among oral status, nutritional status and physical status. Materials and methods Patients who visited the Preventive Dentistry Clinic at Okayama University Hospital from November 2017 to January 2019 participated in this cross-sectional study. Number of teeth, periodontal condition and oral function were recorded. Bacteria counts in tongue dorsum, oral wettability, tongue pressure, tongue and lip movement function [oral diadochokinesis (ODK)], masticatory ability, bite force and swallowing function were measured. Nutritional status was assessed by the Mini Nutritional Assessment. Physical frailty status and Elderly Status Assessment Set were also evaluated. These variables were analysed by structural equation modelling (SEM). Results Data from 203 patients were analysed (63 males and 140 females). Patients ranged in age from 60 to 93 years. The final model of the path diagram was completed by SEM. ODK was positively associated with nutritional status, and nutritional status was negatively associated with frailty. Age was associated with ODK, nutritional status and frailty. Conclusion Based on the associations among age, ODK, nutritional status and frailty, maintaining tongue movement function may contribute to good nutritional status and physical status in Japanese independent older adults.

DOI： 10.1111/ger.12593

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本口臭学会  

本調査の目的は、自己記入式質問票の「社会生活への支障」「家庭生活への支障」「行動制限」「自身の口臭が原因による他人の嫌がる態度やジェスチャー」の4項目を「口臭による日常生活への支障」と定義しその実態を把握すること、および、「口臭による日常生活への支障」と関連する要因について検討することである。2018年1月から2020年1月までの間に岡山大学病院口臭専門外来を受診した全患者32名(男性12名、女性20名、平均年齢53.2±16.2歳)を対象とした。オーラルクロマ(NISSHAエフアイエス株式会社、大阪)を用い、口腔内の揮発性硫黄化合物の濃度を測定した。自己記入式の質問票を用いて、上記4項目のほかに年齢、性別、口臭を意識するようになったきっかけ、口臭を意識した時期、頻回の歯磨き・うがい薬の使用・舌磨きによる口臭対策、医療者への相談経験を調査した。なお、口臭による日常生活への支障については、「社会生活への支障」「家庭生活への支障」「行動制限」「自身の口臭が原因による他人の嫌がる態度やジェスチャー」の各質問に対する回答【はい(1点)/いいえ(0点)】をもとに、合計スコア0〜4点で評価した。各質問項目との関連についてSpearmanの順位相関係数とカイ二重検定を用いて検討した。有意水準は5%とした。その結果、本調査で定義した「口臭による日常生活への支障」を有する患者が87.5%存在した。その支障の程度が大きい者は、長期にわたって口臭を意識しており、医療者への相談や複数の口臭対策を行っていた。一方で、実際の口腔内の揮発性硫黄化合物の濃度は有意に低いことが明らかになった。本調査結果は、口臭専門外来における新たな視点を提供する可能性がある。(著者抄録)

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DOI： 10.11236/jph.20-106

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SPRINGER  

Background Since oral organs function in the first stage of the swallowing process, it is possible that decline in swallowing function can be partly related to oral frailty. Aims The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between swallowing function and oral function among community-dwelling elderly Japanese and to propose cut-off values for screening of decline in swallowing function. Methods A total of 188 participants were included in the analysis. The number of present teeth and functioning teeth were counted. Bacteria counts in tongue coat, oral wettability, tongue pressure, oral diadochokinesis (ODK), masticatory ability and bite force were examined. Swallowing function was assessed using the 10-item Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10). Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to determine the cut-off points of each oral function parameter. A logistic regression model was performed to determine the combination of parameters with the highest accuracy for differentiating decline in swallowing function from normal. Results Subjects with ODK /pa/ sound < 6.2 times/second had higher prevalence of swallowing problems than those with 6.2 times/second or more. EAT-10 scores of one or more were significantly related to older age (>= 71 years old; odds ratio [OR] 4.321) and reduced ODK /pa/ sound (< 6.2 times/second; OR 2.914). Conclusions Among community-dwelling elderly Japanese, those who were suspected of having decline in swallowing function had lower oral function than those who did not, and the cut-off values were 71 years of age and ODK /pa/ sound 6.2 times/s.

DOI： 10.1007/s40520-020-01547-7

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between the incidence of early childhood caries (ECC) and factors of the daytime childcare environment among toddlers in a rural area of Japan. Material and methods This was a prospective cohort study. Data collected from 2011 to 2015 were obtained for initially caries-free, 18-month-old toddlers (N = 640). Dentists recorded the numbers of decayed, missing and filled teeth (caries incidence) of toddlers at baseline (age 18 months) and follow-up (age 3 years). In addition, a questionnaire survey was conducted on guardians at baseline to record data on lifestyle. Results In total, 159 (24.8%) toddlers had newly identified ECC at follow-up. Logistic regression analyses indicated that the incidence of ECC was significantly associated with receiving daytime care at a nursery school (odds ratio [OR], 1.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-2.30;p = .029), prolonged breastfeeding (OR, 1.71; 95%CI, 1.15-2.55;p = .008), and snacking >= 3 times a day (OR, 2.39; 95%CI, 1.53-3.74;p < .001). Conclusion These findings suggest that receiving daytime care at a nursery school, prolonged breastfeeding, and frequent snacking are associated with an increased risk of ECC among Japanese toddlers in rural areas.

DOI： 10.1080/00016357.2020.1795249

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本公衆衛生学会  

目的 公衆衛生モニタリング・レポート委員会口腔保健分野での2015年以降のモニタリング活動で得られた成果・知見を体系的に整理し、今後の歯科保健活動の推進に資する資料として提示する。方法 公衆衛生モニタリング・レポート委員会口腔保健分野のグループ活動の年次報告内容を中核として、2015年以降のライフステージ別の地域歯科保健情報を整理するとともに、分野横断的課題として市販製剤を活用した歯科保健と医科歯科連携に基づくたばこ対策の動向について文献等を追加収集して分析した。結果 乳幼児・小児期における「う蝕」の有病状況は低減傾向にあった。その一方で、わが国の小児における歯・口腔の健康格差に対する具体的な対策に関しては、フッ化物応用以外はいまだ十分なエビデンスは報告されていなかった。成人期・高齢期の課題である「歯周病予防」「オーラルフレイル予防」「要介護高齢者の口腔管理」のいずれにおいても、そのニーズは一貫して増加していた。歯周病は生活習慣病のリスク要因のひとつであり、喫煙とも密接な関連性を有する。しかし、地域保健における歯周病対策は十分ではなく、有病状況について改善されていなかった。超高齢社会の新しい概念であるオーラルフレイルは、2017年以降に学術報告数が急増し、社会での周知が急速に進んだ。在宅要介護高齢者への口腔管理は、ニーズに見合った提供が十分なされておらず、地域包括ケア推進の観点からも更なる改善が求められる。効果が高い新規の歯科予防製剤の動向は、歯科におけるセルフケアの向上に大きく寄与する。高濃度フッ化物配合歯磨剤は、医薬部外品として広く市中で販売されるようになるとともに、フッ化物洗口剤も2019年9月に第3類医薬品に移行した。一方、歯科からアプローチするたばこ対策の有用性はWHO報告書でも指摘されたが、「たばこ対策」に取り組んでいる歯科診療所はいまだ十分ではなかった。結論 地域歯科口腔保健に関連する課題はライフステージの影響を受けるため多様であるが、その課題解決のためには、歯科専門職以外の関連職種との連携が不可欠なものが多かった。公衆衛生モニタリング・レポート委員会での口腔保健グループの活動においても、さらに分野横断的なモニタリング活動が必要であることが示唆された。(著者抄録)

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japanese Society for Oral Health  

There have been a few reports on the association between activities of daily living (ADL) and oral function. However, there is currently no consensus regarding the association between the number of teeth, masticatory ability, or oral diadochokinesis (ODK) and ADL. In addition, there are some reports from a single facility, but not from multiple facilities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between the oral function and ADL among elderly at multiple facilities. The participants were 61 elderly people using 6 welfare facilities in the northern part of Okayama Prefecture. We investigated the age, sex, degree of care required, basic illness, ADL, consumed food, number of teeth present, use of dentures, tongue pressure, and ODK. The consumed food were classified into two categories: regular and non-regular. ODK, each of /pa/, /ta/, and /ka/, was classified into two groups: “less than 4.0 times/second” and “over 4.0 times/second”. We categorized ADL into three groups: rank J as “independent group”, rank A as “semi-bedridden group”, and ranks B and C as “bedridden group”. The association between ADL and age was analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, and that between ADL and other factors was analyzed using Fisher’s exact test. The severity of ADL was significantly correlated with the degree of care required, diabetes, osteoarthritis, food substances, and ODK /pa/ and /ka/. There was a significant correlation of food substances with ODK /pa/, /ta/, and /ka/ sounds. In conclusion, a decrease in ODK may lead to a worsening nutritional status through alteration of food substances and may be related to the severity of ADL.

DOI： 10.5834/jdh.70.4_215

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：(一社)日本口腔衛生学会  

これまで幼児や小・中学生のう蝕発症の要因に関する報告は多いが、高校生では少なく、縦断研究はほとんどない。本研究では高校生のう蝕発症に関連する要因を調べることを目的に、2年間の前向きコホート研究を行った。対象者は岡山市内の私立高等学校で、2016年4月(1年生)(ベースライン)と2018年4月(3年生)(再評価)に定期健康診断で歯・口腔の健康診断を受診した生徒とした。口腔内診査と質問票調査を行い、2年間のDMF歯数増加とベースライン時の口腔保健行動との関連をロジスティック回帰分析で検討した。160名(男子62名、女子98名)(平均年齢15.0±0.24歳)を分析した。ベースライン時のDMF歯数は0.86±1.75であった。DMF歯数増加群は72名(45.0%)であった。ロジスティック回帰分析の結果から、DMF歯数増加と有意な関連が認められたのは、「1年生時のDMF歯数が1以上」「フッ素入り歯磨剤を使用しない」「糖質ゼロ等表示食品を選ぶ」および「過去1年間に歯科医院で歯のそうじを受けた」の4項目であった(p<0.05)。結論として、高校生において、フッ素入り歯磨剤を使用することがう蝕発症を抑制する可能性が示唆された。(著者抄録)

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：NATURE RESEARCH  

The aim of this prospective cohort study was to investigate the association between intrauterine fetal growth patterns and periodontal status in pregnant women. Fifty-three pregnant women were recruited. Periodontitis was diagnosed based on probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level. Maternal urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine levels and body mass index were recorded. Ultrasonographic measurements of the biparietal diameter (BPD), abdominal circumference (AC), and femur length (FL) were recorded, and estimated fetal weight (EFW) was calculated. In addition, approximation spline curves of BPD, AC, FL, and EFW were obtained throughout the gestation period. Recorded delivery outcomes were gestational age (GA), birth weight and length, sex, placental weight, and umbilical cord length. Forty-four participants (34.1 +/- 4.9 years) were analyzed. Mean neonatal birth weight was 2906.0 +/- 544.4g. On multiple regression analysis, birth weight was related with periodontitis (standardized beta=-0.21, P=0.001). For EFW and BPD, the curves of the periodontitis group were located lower than those of the non-periodontitis group, with significant differences after 32 weeks and 20 weeks of GA, respectively. In conclusion, periodontal treatment before conception may be recommended and a good periodontal condition in the early stage of pregnancy at the latest is desirable for infant growth.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-020-58396-7

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MDPI  

Although patients under supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) have a stable periodontal condition, the acute symptom of chronic periodontal disease occasionally occurs without a clear reason. Therefore, in the present study, to obtain a better understanding of this relationship in patients undergoing SPT, we hypothesized that the acute symptom of chronic periodontal disease might be affected by climate factors. We conducted a questionnaire study and carried out oral examinations on patients undergoing SPT who had been diagnosed as having the acute symptom of chronic periodontal disease. We collected climate data from the local climate office in Okayama city, Japan. We predicted parameters that affect the acute symptom of chronic periodontal disease with unidentified cause and divided patients into high and low groups in terms of climate predictors. Then we defined the cut-off values of parameters showing significant differences in the incidence of the acute symptom of chronic periodontal disease. The incidence of the acute symptom of chronic periodontal disease with unidentified cause was significantly different when the cases were classified according to the maximum hourly decrease in barometric pressure (1.5 and 1.9 hPa) (p = 0.04 and p = 0.03, respectively). This suggests that climate variables could be predictors of the acute symptom of chronic periodontal disease. Therefore, gaining a better understanding of these factors could help periodontal patients undergoing SPT prepare to avoid the acute symptom of chronic periodontal disease.

DOI： 10.3390/ijerph16173070

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)   Publisher：岡山歯学会  

医療コミュニケーション学演習の概要を報告し、長所と短所について検討した。学修内容は大きく分けて、対人コミュニケーションの基礎、自分のコミュニケーションスタイルおよび傾聴法・質問法、初診時医療面接、患者対応・電話対応、医療安全、患者援助のコミュニケーションの六つから成り立っている。医療コミュニケーション学演習を履修した本学歯学部3年次生総計229名を対象にアンケート調査を実施した。学生が興味をもった学修内容として「初診時医療面接」が最も多く、次いで「対人コミュニケーションの基礎」、「患者対応・電話対応」の順であった。一方、興味をもたなかった学修内容として「患者援助のコミュニケーション」が最も多かった。また、演習の長所に関して「コミュニケーションを学ぶことができた」のカテゴリーに属する意見を述べた学生が多かった。

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本口腔衛生学会  

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MDPI  

The acute phase of chronic periodontitis may occur even in patients during supportive periodontal therapy. However, the details are not fully understood. Since the natural environment, including meteorology affects human health, we hypothesized that weather conditions may affect occurrence of acute phase of chronic periodontitis. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between weather conditions and acute phase of chronic periodontitis in patients under supportive periodontal therapy. Patients who were diagnosed with acute phase of chronic periodontitis under supportive periodontal therapy during 2011-2013 were selected for this study. We performed oral examinations and collected questionnaires and meteorological data. Of 369 patients who experienced acute phase of chronic periodontitis, 153 had acute phase of chronic periodontitis without direct-triggered episodes. When using the autoregressive integrated moving average model of time-series analysis, the independent covariant of maximum hourly range of barometric pressure, maximum hourly range of temperature, and maximum daily wind speed were significantly associated with occurrence of acute phase of chronic periodontitis (p < 0.05), and 3.1% of the variations in these occurrence over the study period were explained by these factors. Meteorological variables may predict occurrence of acute phase of chronic periodontitis.

DOI： 10.3390/ijerph120809119

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本口腔衛生学会  

生活習慣病予防はわが国喫緊の課題である。生活習慣病スクリーニングを受ける機会の提供、生活習慣病に関する情報提供、および、医療機関への適切な受診勧奨等が生活習慣病予防のために重要である。本研究では、これらを実施する場の一つとして歯科を捉え、その可能性を検討することを目的とした。簡易な血液検査による生活習慣病スクリーニングを歯周病メインテナンス期患者に行い、分析した。2014年1月から7月に岡山大学病院予防歯科外来を受診した歯周病メインテナンス期患者63名(男性22名、女性41名、平均年齢65.9±6.7歳)を対象に、自己記入式質問紙調査と指尖血の採取を行い、肝疾患、高脂血症(脂質異常症)、腎疾患、痛風、糖尿病前症、および糖尿病の疑いの有無を判定した。過去1年間の医療機関受診歴を53名(84.1%)が有していた。過去1年間に肝疾患、高脂血症、腎疾患、痛風、および糖尿病の診断のある者は、それぞれ3名、14名、2名、1名、3名おり、各々の分析から除外された。血液検査の結果、肝疾患、高脂血症、腎疾患、痛風、糖尿病前症、および糖尿病の疑いは、それぞれ対象者の16.7%、34.7%、16.4%、1.6%、46.7%、および6.7%に認められた。医療機関受診歴を有する者の多さに関わらず、生活習慣病予防が必要と思われる者の割合は十分多かった。歯科の場において、簡易な生活習慣病スクリーニングを行い、医療機関への受診勧奨等を行う流れを作ることで、国民の生活習慣病予防の一端を担えるかもしれない。(著者抄録)

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This cross-sectional study addressed the relationship between coffee consumption and periodontitis in patients during the maintenance phase of periodontal treatment. A total of 414 periodontitis patients in the maintenance phase of periodontal treatment completed a questionnaire including items related to coffee intake and underwent periodontal examination. Logistic regression analysis showed that presence of moderate/severe periodontitis was correlated with presence of hypertension (Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.99, p < 0.05), smoking (former, OR = 5.63, p < 0.01; current, OR = 6.81, p = 0.076), number of teeth present (OR = 0.89, p < 0.001), plaque control record ≥20% (OR = 1.88, p < 0.05), and duration of maintenance phase (OR = 1.07, p < 0.01). On the other hand, presence of severe periodontitis was correlated with smoking (former, OR = 1.35, p = 0.501; current, OR = 3.98, p < 0.05), coffee consumption (≥1 cup/day, OR = 0.55, p < 0.05), number of teeth present (OR = 0.95, p < 0.05), and bleeding on probing ≥ 20% (OR = 3.67, p < 0.001). There appears to be an inverse association between coffee consumption (≥1 cup/day) and prevalence of severe periodontitis in the maintenance phase of periodontal treatment.

DOI： 10.3390/nu6104476

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SPRINGER HEIDELBERG  

PURPOSE: Periodontal disease in pregnant women, evaluated by probing pocket depth (PPD) or clinical attachment level (CAL), significantly increases the risk of subsequent preterm birth (PB) and/or low birth weight (LBW). However, PPD and CAL do not always reflect current periodontal tissue inflammation. Therefore, assessment of bleeding on probing index (BOP), an indicator of periodontal inflammation, may be appropriate. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the relationship between periodontal inflammation and fetal growth in pregnant women after periodontal treatment. METHODS: We recruited 203 pregnant women (mean age 31.8 ± 4.5 years), including 20 subjects with periodontal inflammation and 183 periodontally healthy controls, after periodontal treatment. Fetal growth parameters as well as periodontal conditions were recorded. RESULTS: Perinatal gestational age was 39.4 ± 1.3 weeks; 8 subjects had a PB and 12 had an infant with a LBW. Results of multiple stepwise regression analysis indicated that birth length was negatively correlated with BOP% (β = -0.175; p = 0.002). Fetal femur length, and birth length and weight among mothers with low periodontal inflammation were significantly higher than those among mothers with high periodontal inflammation (p < 0.05). The LBW rate in the high periodontal inflammation group was significantly higher than that in the low periodontal inflammation group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that periodontal inflammation is correlated with fetal femur length, birth weight, and birth length.

DOI： 10.1007/s00404-012-2660-4

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Informa UK Limited  

Objective. Little information is available on how impaired masticatory performance relates to heart-rate variability (HRV). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between HRV indices and masticatory performance. Materials and methods. Sixty-five subjects (19 men and 46 women, 66.1 +/- 9.9 years old) who had received periodontal maintenance care at the Clinic of Preventive Dentistry of Okayama University Hospital were selected for the study. All subjects completed written questionnaires, a chewing (colour-changing gum) test for masticatory performance and measurement of occlusal force and HRV as well as oral examination. Results. The high sympathetic activity (LF >= 49.6) group showed a significantly lower level of masticatory performance (a(star) value) than the low sympathetic activity group (p < 0.05). There were also significant correlations of masticatory performance with LF and LF/HF (p < 0.05). Conclusion. These findings suggest that there is relationship between masticatory performance and HRV indices and impaired masticatory performance may be a risk factor for inducing high sympathetic activity.

DOI： 10.3109/00016357.2012.734403

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

OBJECTIVE: Gum chewing may relieve stress, although this hypothesis has not been proven. Heart-rate variability (HRV) is commonly used to measure stress levels. However, it is not known if gum chewing modulates HRV under acute stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of gum chewing on HRV under acute stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-over study involving 47 non-smoking healthy subjects, aged 22-27 years, was carried out. The subjects received a stress procedure with gum chewing (GS group) and without gum chewing (S group). Additionally, the other 20 subjects were allocated to the gum chewing without stress group (G group). The GS and S groups were exposed to noise for 5 min (75 dBA) as stress. Before and after stress exposure/gum chewing, participants completed the state portion of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-s) and a single Stress Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) measurement. HRV measurement was performed before and during stress/gum chewing for 5 min. RESULTS: After the stress procedure, VAS score significantly increased in the GS and S groups. During the stress procedure, the GS group showed a significantly lower level of high frequency (HF) and higher levels of low frequency (LF) and LF/HF than the S group. However, there were no significant differences in the scores of the state portion of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-s) and VAS between the two stress groups. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that gum chewing modulates HRV, but may not relieve acute stress caused by noise.

DOI： 10.3109/00016357.2011.640275

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本口腔衛生学会  

早食いを自覚する者に対して、早食い防止啓発パンフレットの配布、あるいはパンフレットの配布と食行動記録の指示を行い、それぞれの効果を比較検討することを目的とした。岡山大学歯学部学生115人の中から、アンケート調査で早食いを自覚している者43名を選出し、早食い防止啓発パンフレットを配布した群(パンフレット群)とパンフレットを配布し、さらに食行動記録を指示した群(パンフレット+食行動記録群)にランダムに振り分けた。食行動については、アンケートによる主観的評価のほか、鮭おにぎりを完食するまでの総咀嚼時間、総咀嚼回数、口に運ぶ回数を客観的に測定し、一口あたりの量および咀嚼速度を算出した。なお、これらの評価は、ベースライン時とその2週間後に行った。その結果、パンフレット+食行動記録群においては、ベースライン時と比較して2週間後では早食いと自覚する者が有意に減少していた。また、2週間後では、「お腹一杯になるまで食べますか」の項目において「いいえ」と答えた者が、パンフレット群よりもパンフレット+食行動記録群で有意に多かった。ベースライン時と2週間後の比較では、介入前のおにぎりの一口あたりの量を1.0とした場合、介入後のおにぎりの一口あたりの量は、パンフレット+食行動記録群、パンフレット群それぞれ0.82と1.00であり、パンフレット+食行動記録群のほうが有意に減少していた。以上のことより、早食い防止啓発パンフレットの配布単独よりも、食行動記録をこれに加えるほうがより早食いの改善に有効かもしれない。(著者抄録)

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japanese Society for Oral Health  

Health care costs have been increasing each year. Most health programs are implemented to reduce health care costs. This community-based ecological study examined the relationship between the implementation of dental health care programs and health care costs for mental and behavioral disorders. <br>We calculated the monthly health care costs for mental and behavioral disorders per capita for each municipality in Okayama Prefecture (n=27) using national health insurance receipts in 1997, 1998, 1999, 2007, 2008 and 2009. Data from 1997 to 1999 and from 2007 to 2009 were averaged individually and expressed as 1998 and 2008 data, respectively. Information was obtained from each municipality on the implementation of public dental health services consisting of 9 programs, i.e., basic health examination including dental check up, occasional periodontal check up, visiting oral hygiene instructions, participation of dental hygienists in public health service, programs to improve oral function for preventive long-term care, public meetings for dental health promotion sponsored by its municipality, etc. <br>The municipalities were divided into two groups based on the implementation/non-implementation of each dental health program. Then, the change in health care costs for mental and behavioral disorders per capita between the 1998 and 2008 data was compared between the two groups according to each dental health program. <br>In all dental health care programs, the health care costs increased over ten years. There was less increase of mental health care costs in the municipalities which implemented dental health programs such as "participation of dental hygienists in public health service" and "programs for improving oral function in aged population" than in those which did not. There was a significantly negative correlation between the implementation of a dental health care program and the increase in the costs for mental and behavioral disorders during 10 years. <br>The direct relationship between dental health programs and health care costs for mental and behavioral disorders remains unclear. The health care costs of mental and behavioral disorders might decrease in municipalities which can afford to implement dental health programs. <br>In conclusion, the municipalities which executed dental health care programs tended to control the increase of health care costs for mental and behavioral disorders over ten years.

DOI： 10.5834/jdh.62.3_305

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

OBJECTIVE: The validity of a self-questionnaire about eating quickly remains unclear. If a significant relationship between subjective and objective methods to evaluate eating quickly can be confirmed, then the subjective method can be widely and reliably used in many fields. This study investigated relationships between subjective and objective methods to evaluate eating quickly and also numerically characterized the kinesis of eating quickly in young people. DESIGN: One hundred and thirteen students (44 males and 69 females; mean age 22.8 ± 2.0 years) were selected. All subjects completed written questionnaires, and number of chews until first swallow, total duration of chewing, number of chews, chewing rate and bite size were measured using test products (a Japanese cracker and rice ball). RESULTS: Both male and female subjects who reported eating quickly showed a significantly lower number of chews until first swallow (Japanese cracker), a lower number of chews overall (rice ball), and a shorter total duration of chewing (rice ball) than other subjects. There was no difference in chewing rate between subjects who ate quickly or not. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that using test products, self-reports of eating quickly are related to a decreased number of chews until first swallow, total number of chews, and total duration of chewing, but not chewing rate, and that a self-reported questionnaire to evaluate eating rate is valid in young people.

DOI： 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.02.001

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本口臭学会  

平成20年10月〜22年3月に、予防歯科外来で歯周治療のメインテナンス期の患者で、官能試験で不快臭があり、研究に同意した17名(男性5名、女性12名、平均56.7±12.1歳)を対象に、二酸化塩素含有洗口剤の長期使用による口臭抑制効果について二重盲検法を用い検討した。実験期間中、3名が受診を中断したため、実験群8名(男性2名、女性6名、平均60.3±7.2歳)、対照群6名(男性1名、女性5名、平均55.3±15.8歳)計14名を分析対象とした。ベースライン時における官能試験スコアは実験群、対照群各2.38±1.19、1.67±1.21であった。実験群は2週目0.75±0.71、4週目0.88±0.64となり、ベースライン時に比べ、有意な低下が認められた。対照群では2週目、4週目共に有意な減少はみられなかった。ポータブルサルファイドモニターによる測定結果については、実験群ではベースライン時に比べ1週目、2週目、4週目と徐々に減少したが、対照群では2週目、4週目共に有意な減少はみられなかった。二酸化塩素含有洗口液「ProFresh」は長期間の口臭抑制に有効であった。

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Georg Thieme Verlag KG  

<title>Summary</title>
Objectives: Heart rate variability (HRV) has been used to assess sympathetic and parasympathetic modulation of heart rate. Chronic stress relates to reduced HRV. Malocclusion has effects on quality of life, which can lead to chronic stress. Therefore, we hypothesized that malocclusion, as chronic stress, may contribute to reduced HRV. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between malocclusion and HRV indices in healthy young adults.


Methods: Thirty-seven non-smoking healthy subjects, aged 22 to 25 years, were examined. Malocclusion was defined by Angle classification. HRV indices included root mean square of successive differences, low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF) and ratio of LF to HF. The effects of malocclusion on quality of life and mental health were assessed using self-reported questionnaires, the condition-specific Oral Impacts on Daily Performances index (CS-OIDP) and the Hopkins Symptoms Checklist (HSCL), respectively.


Results: Significantly lower score of HF and higher heart rate (HR) level and CS-OIDP score were observed in subjects with malocclusion (n = 17) compared to those in the control subjects (n = 20) (P &lt; 0.05). There was a positive correlation between HR and score of “anxiety” in HSCL (P &lt; 0.05).


Conclusions: The data showed an association between malocclusion and lower HRV. Based on our results, orthodontic treatment might contribute not only to improvement of oral esthetic and functional problems but also to improvement of stress and HRV indices.

DOI： 10.3414/me10-01-0045

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：Japanese   Publisher：11  

OBJECTIVE: Health care costs have been increasing year by year and health programs are needed which will allow reduction in the burden. The present community-based ecological study examined the relationship between implementation of dental health care programs and health care costs for the metabolic syndrome. METHODS: We calculated the monthly health care cost for the metabolic syndrome per capita for each municipality in Okayama Prefecture (n = 27) using the national health insurance receipts for 1997 and 2007 for diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular disorder, cerebral vascular disorder, and atherosclerosis as principal diseases. Information was obtained from each municipality on the implementation of public dental health services consisting of 10 programs, including visits for oral hygiene guidance, health consultation for periodontal disease, preventive long-term care, participation of dental hygienists in public health service, programs for improving oral function in the aged, and etc. The municipalities were divided into two groups based on the implementation/non-implementation of each dental health program. Then, the change in health care cost for metabolic syndrome per capita between 1997 and 2007 was compared between the two groups according to each dental health program. RESULTS Health care costs for metabolic syndrome were reduced in decade in the municipalities which executed dental health care programs such as 'preventive long-term care' or 'health consultation for periodontal disease', being greater in the municipalities which did not. More decrease in health care costs was further observed in the municipalities where the other seven programs were also implemented. DISCUSSION: Any direct relationship between dental health programs and health care costs for the metabolic syndrome remains unclear. However, our data suggests that costs might be decreased in municipalities which can afford to implement dental health programs. CONCLUSION: Health care costs for the metabolic syndrome in municipalities which executed dental health care programs tended to decrease in ten years.

DOI： 10.11236/jph.57.11_959

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Wiley  

Background and Objective: Few studies have longitudinally investigated the relationship between periodontal disease progression and occlusal factors in individual subjects during the maintenance phase of periodontal therapy. The aim of this cohort study was to investigate the relationship between biting ability and the progression of periodontal disease in the maintenance phase. Material and Methods: A total of 194 patients were monitored for 3 years during the maintenance phase of periodontal therapy. The subjects with disease progression (Progress group) were defined based on the presence of ≥ 2 teeth demonstrating a longitudinal loss of proximal attachment of ≥ 3 mm or tooth-loss experience as a result of periodontal disease during the study period. The subjects with high occlusal force were diagnosed as men who showed an occlusal force of more than 500 N and women who showed an occlusal force of more than 370 N. The association between biting ability and the progression of periodontitis was investigated using logistic regression analysis. Results: There were 83 subjects in the Progress group and 111 subjects in the Non-progress group. A backward, stepwise logistic regression model showed that the progression of periodontal disease was significantly associated with the presence of one or more teeth with a high clinical attachment level (CAL) of ≥ 7 mm (odds ratio: 2.397; 95% confidence interval: 1.306-4.399) (p = 0.005) and low occlusal force (odds ratio: 2.352; 95% confidence interval: 1.273-4.346) (p = 0.006). Conclusion: The presence of one or more teeth with a high CAL of ≥ 7 mm and low occlusal force might be possible risk factors for periodontal progression in the maintenance phase of periodontal therapy. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2010.01273.x

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：岡山歯学会  

歯周治療のメインテナンス期にある患者194名を対象に、咬合力と歯周病進行との関係について約3年間にわたり調査し、咬合力が歯周病進行の予測因子になりうるか検討した。その結果、調査期間中に歯周病が進行した群は進行しなかった群に比べて咬合力が有意に弱かったことから、咬合力は歯周病進行の予測因子になりうると考えられた。また、歯周病が進行した群では、調査開始時にクリニカルアタッチメントレベル(CAL)の最大値7mm以上の歯を1本以上有していた患者の割合が有意に高かったことから、「CAL最大値7mm以上」も歯周病進行の予測因子になりうると考えられた。

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：WILEY  

Teeth with root fracture generally have a poor prognosis requiring extraction; however, some patients do not wish to have these teeth extracted. Dentists do not have enough information regarding the prognosis of teeth with root fracture. This study retrospectively examined the prognosis of teeth with root fracture in the maintenance phase of periodontal treatment and assessed the factors influencing the prognosis of teeth with root fracture. The clinical records of 100 patients, who had entered the maintenance phase of periodontal therapy in a university hospital and had experienced fracture of tooth root, were analyzed. The following parameters were included in the evaluation: age and gender of the subjects, tooth type, restoration and root-filling of the teeth with root fracture, and number of teeth present. Survival probability was assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis. The median survival time (95% confidence interval) was 42 months (22-62 months). Teeth with horizontal fracture had a significantly higher survival probability compared with teeth with vertical fracture. No significant differences were found in the survival probability with regard to gender and tooth type. In conclusion, teeth with horizontal root fracture have a better prognosis compared with teeth with vertical root fracture in patients undergoing periodontal maintenance.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1600-9657.2009.00768.x

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：WILEY  

AIM: The aim of this retrospective study was to assess teeth with a poor prognosis and the proximal periodontium of adjacent teeth, and to identify the risk factors associated with the loss of teeth with a poor prognosis following non-surgical periodontal treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Teeth with a poor prognosis (n=113), teeth adjacent to those of poor prognosis (n=105) and non-adjacent teeth (n=51) were evaluated in 25 non-smoking patients who had received supportive periodontal treatment for 5-16 years following non-surgical periodontal treatment at a university hospital. RESULTS: Probing pocket depth (PPD), percentage of alveolar bone loss, presence of tooth mobility and bleeding on probing in all teeth improved significantly after treatment. Logistic regression analysis showed that loss of teeth with a poor prognosis depended on the initial deepest PPD, tooth mobility and multi-rooted tooth. CONCLUSIONS: Teeth with a poor prognosis did not affect the proximal periodontium of the adjacent teeth, and progression of periodontal disease in these teeth and adjacent teeth can be prevented by non-surgical periodontal treatment in non-smokers. The risk factors for loss of teeth with a poor prognosis were the initial deepest PPD, tooth mobility and multi-rooted tooth.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2009.01373.x

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：WILEY  

BACKGROUND: The relationship between systemic antioxidative status and periodontal condition has been investigated in epidemiologic studies. However, little literature is available with regard to the correlation between systemic reactive oxygen species and periodontal condition. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the relationship between plasma reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) and periodontal condition in patients in the maintenance phase of periodontal treatment. METHODS: Eighty-one subjects (mean age: 57.4 years) who had entered a periodontal maintenance program were examined for probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL). Plasma levels of ROM and biologic antioxidant potential (BAP) were determined with a free radical electric evaluator. RESULTS: The plasma level of ROM was positively correlated to mean CAL (r = 0.281; P = 0.011) and percentage of teeth with CAL > or =4 mm (r = 0.236; P = 0.034), but not mean PD (r = 0.196; P = 0.080). Logistic regression analysis showed that subjects with ROM levels >400 Carratelli units (CARR U) had significantly higher mean CAL compared to subjects with ROM < or =400 CARR U after adjusting for age, gender, and the number of teeth present (P = 0.011). However, the plasma level of BAP was not significantly correlated with the periodontal parameters. CONCLUSIONS: A positive association was found between plasma oxidative status and CAL in patients in the maintenance phase of periodontal therapy. A systemic increase in oxidative stress may influence the rate of progression of periodontal disease.

DOI： 10.1902/jop.2008.080082

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：BLACKWELL PUBLISHING  

AIM: The association between periodontal status and biting force is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between periodontal status and biting force in patients with chronic periodontitis during the maintenance phase of periodontal treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 198 patients, who had entered a periodontal maintenance programme, were examined for the presence of restorations on the occlusal surface, probing pocket depth, clinical attachment loss (CAL), bleeding on probing, and mobility of teeth. Quantitative analysis of total biting force, occlusal contact area and biting pressure (defined by biting force per 1 mm(2) of occlusal contact area) was performed using microcapsular pressure-sensitive sheets. RESULTS: A multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that total biting force and occlusal contact area were positively associated with the number of present teeth and negatively associated with female gender, mean CAL and mean probing pocket depth. Biting pressure was positively associated with CAL. CONCLUSIONS: Reduced periodontal support was found to be associated with decreased total biting force and with increased biting pressure (defined as force per 1 mm(2) of occlusal contact area).

DOI： 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2007.01186.x

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：JAPANESE SOCIETY OF PERIODONTOLOGY  

DOI： 10.14833/amjsp.2008s.0.52.0

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Japanese Society for Dental Health  

DOI： 10.5834/jdh.55.3_207

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Event date： 2008.4

Language：Japanese  

researchmap

Event date： 2006.8

Language：Japanese  

researchmap

Event date： 2004.10

Language：Japanese  

researchmap