研究者詳細 - 木村　幸敬

論文 - 木村　幸敬

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Preparation of Nano- and Microparticles Obtained from Polymerization Reaction and Their Application to Surface Coating of Woody Materials

Toshinori Shimanouchi, Daichi Hirota, Masafumi Yoshida, Kazuma Yasuhara, Yukitaka Kimura

Applied Sciences 14 ( 23 ) 11326 - 11326 2024年12月

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：MDPI AG

A surface coating of polymer particles of different hydrophobicity and wide-ranged size is helpful for the surface modification of materials such as woody thin board (WTB) derived from biomass. A preparation method for polymer particles was, in this study, proposed using a capillary-type flow system. Under hydrothermal conditions, the refinement of dispersed oil droplets in water (O/W emulsions) and the polymerization reaction could be simultaneously advanced, and polymer particles of polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) with a particle size of about 100 nm could be synthesized. The coating of polymer particles gave an improved effect on the water repellency of WTBs due to the hydrophobicity of polymer particles and an alteration of surface roughness, and it also provided long-term stability (more than 6 years).

DOI： 10.3390/app142311326

Extraction of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural under Hydrogen Peroxide in Liquid–Liquid Slug Flow of Water / Methylisobutylketone Biphasic System and Effect of Hemin 査読

Toshinori SHIMANOUCHI, Sota SANAGI, Satoko FUJIOKA, Koichi TERASAKA, Yukitaka KIMURA

Solvent Extraction Research and Development, Japan 31 ( 2 ) 67 - 75 2024年

Classification of binding property of amyloid β to lipid membranes: Membranomic research using quartz crystal microbalance combined with the immobilization of lipid planar membranes. 査読国際誌

Toshinori Shimanouchi, Miki Iwamura, Yasuhiro Sano, Keita Hayashi, Minoru Noda, Yukitaka Kimura

Biochimica et biophysica acta. Proteins and proteomics 1872 ( 3 ) 140987 - 140987 2023年12月

担当区分：責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

A biomembrane-related fibrillogenesis of Amyloid β from Alzheimer' disease (Aβ) is closely related to its accumulation behavior. A binding property of Aβ peptides from Alzheimer' disease to lipid membranes was then classified by a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) method combined with an immobilization technique using thiol self-assembled membrane. The accumulated amounts of Aβ, Δfmax, was determined from the measurement of the maximal frequency reduction using QCM. The plots of Δfmax to Aβ concentration gave the slope and saturated value of Δfmax, (Δfmax)sat that are the parameters for binding property of Aβ to lipid membranes. Therefore, the Aβ-binding property on lipid membranes was classified by the slope and (Δfmax)sat. The plural lipid system was described as X + Y where X = L1, L1/L2, and L1/L2/L3. The slope and (Δfmax)sat values plotted as a function of mixing ratio of Y to X was classified on a basis of the lever principle (LP). The LP violation observed in both parameters resulted from the formation of the crevice or pothole, as Aβ-specific binding site, generated at the boundary between ld and lo phases. The LP violation observed only in the slope resulted from glycolipid-rich domain acting as Aβ-specific binding site. Furthermore, lipid planar membranes indicating strong LP violation favored strong fibrillogenesis. Especially, lipid planar membranes indicating the LP violation only in the slope induced lateral aggregated and spherulitic fibrillar aggregates. Thus, the classification of Aβ binding property on lipid membranes appeared to be related to the fibrillogenesis with a certain morphology.

DOI： 10.1016/j.bbapap.2023.140987

Hydrothermal Preparation of Faceted Vesicles Made of Span 40 and Tween 40 and Their Characterization 査読

Toshinori Shimanouchi, Yui Komori, Kazuki Toramoto, Keita Hayashi, Kazuma Yasuhara, Ho Sup Jung, Yukitaka Kimura

Applied Sciences (Switzerland) 13 ( 12 ) 2023年6月

担当区分：責任著者掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

The Span 40 (sorbitan monooleate)/Tween 40 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate) system gives faceted vesicles with angular surfaces, rather than spherical vesicles. Herein, a continuous and facile preparation method, based on the subcritical water-assisted emulsification and solvent diffusion, was presented to yield faceted vesicles with two major and minor axes (Type A) and vesicles closer to a polyhedron (Type B). Type A, rather than Type B, vesicles were likely to be formed. From the measurements concerning ζ-potential, membrane fluidity, and the polarization environment of the membranes, faceted vesicles could be obtained at 0.25 wt% of the surfactant concentration. The phase-separated behavior of Span 40 and Tween 40 within vesicle membranes could explain the structural feature of faceted vesicles and calcein leakage behavior. The significant advantage is that Type A vesicles would be utilized as alternative drug carriers for others with low encapsulation efficiency, although the present technical limitations cause difficulty in the selective formation of Type A and B vesicles and the selection of adequate solvent to accelerate the solvent diffusion step.

DOI： 10.3390/app13126893

Conversion of Glycerol to Lactic Acid by Using Platinum-supported Catalyst Combined with Phosphatidylcholine Vesicles 査読

Toshinori Shimanouchi, Yuki Takahashi, Kazuma Yasuhara, Yukitaka Kimura

Chemistry Letters 52 ( 6 ) 426 - 429 2023年

担当区分：責任著者掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

A combination of metal-supported catalysts with vesicles successfully achieved a conversion of glycerol to lactic acid (lactate) under mild heated and alkaline condition. A high reaction yield (reaction temperature: 333 K; yield: 90% for 24 h) was achieved, which was an environmentally-friendly reaction process.

DOI： 10.1246/cl.230117

Possible Role of Vesicles on Metallocatalytic Reduction Reaction of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-Dimethylfuran 査読

Toshinori Shimanouchi, Yuki Takahashi, Keita Hayashi, Kazuma Yasuhara, Yukitaka Kimura

Compounds 2 ( 4 ) 321 - 333 2022年11月

担当区分：責任著者掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：MDPI AG

A reduction reaction of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-dimethylfuran (2,5-DMF) has been previously performed in an organic solvent under high-temperature conditions. For the relaxation of such reaction conditions, conventional palladium on carbon (Pd/C) was combined with vesicles composed of phospholipids or surfactants. Pd/C combined with 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine indicated a yield (25%) at 60 °C compared with Pd/C (17%). Vesicles at the liquid crystalline phase were advantageous for the reduction reaction of HMF. The yield of 2,5-DMF catalyzed by Pd/C combined with the vesicles depended on the lipid composition of the vesicles. It was clarified that the yield of 2,5-DMF could be controlled by the hydration property of the vesicles. Compared with conventional 2,5-DMF synthesis in an organic solvent, the use of vesicles made it possible to reduce the burden of using organic solvents in high-temperature conditions, although limitedly.

DOI： 10.3390/compounds2040027

Amyloid-β aggregates induced by β-cholesteryl glucose-embedded liposomes 査読

Toshinori Shimanouchi, Yasuhiro Sano, Kazuma Yasuhara, Yukitaka Kimura

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Proteins and Proteomics 1870 ( 8 ) 140816 - 140816 2022年8月

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Elsevier BV

Senile plaques that is characterized as an amyloid deposition found in Alzheimer's disease are composed primarily of fibrils of an aggregated peptide, amyloid β (Aβ). The ability to monitor senile plaque formation on a neuronal membrane under physiological conditions provides an attractive model. In this study, the growth behavior of amyloid Aβ fibrils in the presence of liposomes incorporating β-cholesteryl-D-glucose (β-CG) was examined using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, transmittance electron microscopy, and other spectroscopic methods. We found that β-CG on the liposome membrane induced the spontaneous formation of spherulitic Aβ fibrillar aggregates. The β-CG cluster formed on liposome membranes appeared to induce the accumulation of Aβ, followed by the growth of the spherulitic Aβ aggregates. In contrast, DMPC and DMPC incorporated cholesterol-induced fibrils that are laterally associated with each other. A comparison study using three types of liposomes implied that the induction of glucose contributed to the agglomeration of Aβ fibrils and liposomes. This agglomeration required the spontaneous formation of spherulitic Aβ fibrillary aggregates. This action can be regarded as a counterbalance to the growth of fibrils and their toxicity, which has great potential in the study of amyloidopathies.

DOI： 10.1016/j.bbapap.2022.140816

Microfluidic and hydrothermal preparation of vesicles using sorbitan monolaurate/polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate (Span 20/Tween 20) 査読

Toshinori Shimanouchi, Tetsuya Hayashi, Kazuki Toramoto, Saki Fukuma, Keita Hayashi, Kazuma Yasuhara, Yukitaka Kimura

Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 205 2021年9月

担当区分：責任著者掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

Here, we present a method for preparing vesicles by combining hydrothermal emulsification with solvent diffusion (SD). The sorbitan monolaurate/polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate (Span 20/Tween 20) system was used as the target lipid because these lipids are cheap and advantageous for the production scale. The water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion stabilized with lipids was formed under hydrothermal conditions (240 °C under 10 MPa), followed by mixing with water that included lipids to obtain a W/O-in-water (W/O/W) emulsion. The SD for the W/O/W emulsion as a subsequent process yielded vesicles. The optimal preparation conditions were 50:50 wt% Span 20/Tween 20 as a mixing ratio (final lipid concentration 12 mM), octanoic acid as an organic solvent, 240 °C for 4 min during the hydrothermal treatment, and 4 °C for 24 h in the SD process. The diameter of the vesicles obtained was at most 100 nm, which was comparable to that of the W/O/W emulsion before SD. This suggested that the W/O/W emulsion acted as a template for vesicle formation. The number density, diameter, and membrane properties of vesicles depend on the mixing ratio of the water/oil/lipid system. Specifically, the number density of vesicles was low relative to that of vesicles prepared by the conventional method.

DOI： 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111836

Fibril growth behavior of amyloid β on polymer-based planar membranes: Implications for the entanglement and hydration of polymers 査読

Toshinori Shimanouchi, Miki Iwamura, Shintaro Deguchi, Yukitaka Kimura

Applied Sciences (Switzerland) 11 ( 10 ) 2021年5月

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

The design of biosensors and artificial organs using biocompatible materials with a low affinity for amyloid β peptide (Aβ) would contribute to the inhibition of fibril growth causing Alzheimer’s disease. We systematically studied the amyloidogenicity of Aβ on various planar mem-branes. The planar membranes were prepared using biocompatible polymers, viz., poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polysulfone (PSf), poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Phospholipids from biomembranes, viz., 1,2-dioleoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DOPC), 1,2-dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC), and polyethylene glycol-graft-phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PEG-PE) were used as controls. Phospholipid-and polymer-based membranes were prepared to determine the kinetics of Aβ fibril formation. Rates of Aβ nucleation on the PSf-and DPPC-based membranes were significantly higher than those on the other membranes. Aβ accumulation, cal-culated by the change in frequency of a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), followed the order: PSf > PLLA > DOPC > PMMA, PVP, DPPC, and PEG-PE. Nucleation rates exhibited a positive correlation with the corresponding accumulation (except for the DPPC-based membrane) and a negative correlation with the molecular weight of the polymers. Strong hydration along the polymer backbone and polymer–Aβ entanglement might contribute to the accumulation of Aβ and subsequent fibrillation.

DOI： 10.3390/app11104408

Characterization of water/organic biphasic system in liquid-liquid slug flow under hydrothermal conditions: Solvation, vorticity, and hydrophobicity 査読

Toshinori Shimanouchi, Satoko Fujioka, Tatsuya Tanifuji, Kenta Yamamoto, Koichi Terasaka, Yukitaka Kimura

Solvent Extraction Research and Development 28 ( 1 ) 21 - 35 2021年

担当区分：責任著者掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

The microcapillary was combined with the liquid-liquid slug flow to build the separation field. The partition behavior of seventeen kinds of substrates was investigated by using six kinds of water/organic biphasic systems under hydrothermal conditions (25 - 190° C at 10 MPa). The scale of hydrophobicity (HF) of water/organic biphasic system was estimated. The HF value for the biphasic system used here was comparable to the conventional aqueous two-phase systems and depended on the (de)solvation of substrates by water and organic solvent. Besides, the vortex field in the slug contributed to the enhanced mass transfer of substrates. Those results are available for the selection of water/organic biphasic system as the reactive separation of target materials.

DOI： 10.15261/SERDJ.28.21

Analysis of the Partitioning Behavior of Horseradish Peroxidase to Phospholipid and Surfactant Membranes 査読

Saki Fukuma, Toshinori Shimanouchi, Kazuma Yasuhara, Yukitaka Kimura

Solvent Extraction Research and Development 27 ( 2 ) 113 - 213 2020年

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

The partitioning behavior of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to phospholipid- and surfactant vesicles has been analyzed. Peripheral binding of the zwitterionic phospholipid vesicle membranes is proposed with insertion into the membrane interior of negatively charged surfactant vesicles, resulting from non-electrostatic interaction. The insertion of HRP is interpreted by considering the interaction between headgroups of phospholipid and between headgroups of surfactant.

DOI： 10.15261/serdj.27.113

Application of liposome membrane as the reaction field: A case study using the Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reaction 査読

Toshinori Shimanouchi, Yuki Kitagawa, Yukitaka Kimura

Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 128 ( 2 ) 198 - 202 2019年8月

担当区分：責任著者掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

The properties of the liposome membrane as a reaction field were investigated by focusing on the Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reaction as a case study. Use of the liposomes existing in the gel phase resulted in the enhanced activity of the substrates and furnished the products with same E/Z stereoselectivity as in the liposome-free system. The membrane environment in the gel phase most likely assisted the formation of adducts that induced selective generation of the E-isomer. The possible role of liposomes is to assist the proton removal from the reactant, rather than providing the basic interfacial environment.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.01.015

Temperature Measurement by Sublimation Rate as a Process Analytical Technology Tool in Lyophilization 査読

Hidenori Kawasaki, Toshinori Shimanouchi, Hiroyuki Sawada, Hiroshi Hosomi, Yuta Hamabe, Yukitaka Kimura

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 108 ( 7 ) 2305 - 2314 2019年7月

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

Product temperature (Tb) and drying time constitute critical material attributes and process parameters in the lyophilization process and especially during the primary drying stage. In the study, we performed a temperature measurement by the sublimation rate (TMbySR) to monitor the Tb value and determine the end point of primary drying. First, the water vapor transfer resistance coefficient through the main pipe from the chamber to the condenser (Cr) was estimated via the water sublimation test. The use of Cr value made it possible to obtain the time course of Tb from the measurement of pressure at the drying chamber and at the condenser. Second, a Flomoxef sodium bulk solution was lyophilized by using the TMbySR system. The outcome was satisfactory when compared with that obtained via conventional sensors. The same was applicable for the determination of the end point of primary drying. A laboratory-scale application of the TMbySR system was evidenced via the experiment using 220-, 440-, and 660-vial scales of lyophilization. The outcome was not dependent on the loading amount. Thus, the results confirmed that the TMbySR system is a promising tool in laboratory scale.

DOI： 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.02.015

Recent Development of Optimization of Lyophilization Process 査読

Hidenori Kawasaki, Toshinori Shimanouchi, Yukitaka Kimura

Journal of Chemistry 2019 2019年

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

The objective of this review is to survey the development of the optimization of lyophilization. The optimization study of the lyophilizer has been roughly developing by the order of (i) trial-and-error approach, (ii) process modeling using mathematical models, (iii) scalability, and (iv) quality-by-design. From the conventional lyophilization studies based on the trial-and-error, the key parameters to optimize the operation of lyophilization were found out, i.e., critical material attributes (CMAs), critical process parameters (CPPs), and critical quality attributes (CQAs). The mathematical models using the key parameters mentioned above have been constructed from the viewpoints of the heat and mass transfer natures. In many cases, it is revealed that the control of the primary drying stage determines the outcome of the lyophilization of products, as compared with the freezing stage and the secondary drying stage. Thus, the understanding of the lyophilization process has proceeded. For the further improvement of the time and economical cost, the design space is a promising method to give the possible operation range for optimizing the lyophilization operation. This method is to search the optimized condition by reducing the number of key parameters of CMAs, CPPs, and CQAs. Alternatively, the transfer of lyophilization recipe among the lab-, pilot-, and production-scale lyophilizers (scale-up) has been examined. Notably, the scale-up of lyophilization requires the preservation of lyophilization dynamics between the two scales, i.e., the operation of lab- or pilot-scale lyophilizer under HEPA-filtrated airflow condition. The design space determined by focusing on the primary drying stage is large and involves the undesired variations in the quality of final products due to the heterogeneous size distribution of ice crystals. Accordingly, the control of the formation of the ice crystal with large size gave impact on the product quality and the productivity although the large water content in the final product should be improved. Therefore, the lyophilization should take into account the quality by design (QbD). The monitoring method of the quality of the product in lyophilization process is termed the "process analytical technology (PAT)." Recent PAT tools can reveal the lyophilization dynamics to some extent. A combination of PAT tools with a model/scale-up theory is expected to result in the QbD, i.e., a quality/risk management and an in situ optimization of lyophilization operation.

DOI： 10.1155/2019/9502856

Kinetic pH Titration to Predict the Acid and Hydrothermal Conditions for the Hydrolysis of Disaccharides: Use of a Microcapillary System 査読

Toshinori Shimanouchi, Ryota Mano, Yu Yoshioka, Ayaka Fukuda, Kyung Min Park, Yukitaka Kimura

Journal of Chemistry 2019 2019年

担当区分：責任著者掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

The hydrolysis of disaccharides was conducted using a microcapillary system under hydrothermal conditions (up to 190°C at 10 MPa and pH 4-11). The hydrolysis reaction showed a sigmoidal progression with time, especially under alkaline conditions. Analysis using a kinetic model yielded the reaction induction period. The specific pH value (pHamb) at the induction time, which is the pH value corresponding to the progression of disaccharide hydrolysis, was peculiar to each disaccharide. Finally, the calculation of the electron density around the oxygen atom of the glycosidic bond between saccharides was found to roughly predict the pHamb value required for the progression of hydrolysis.

DOI： 10.1155/2019/3985915

Scale-up procedure for primary drying process in lyophilizer by using the vial heat transfer and the drying resistance 査読

Hidenori Kawasaki, Toshinori Shimanouchi, Masaharu Yamamoto, Kanako Takahashi, Yukitaka Kimura

Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 66 ( 11 ) 1048 - 1056 2018年

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

The objective of this study is to design primary drying conditions in a production lyophilizer based on a pilot lyophilizer. Although the shelf temperature and the chamber pressure need to be designed to maintain the sublimation interface temperature of the formulation below the collapse temperature, it is difficult to utilize a production lyophilizer to optimize cycle parameters for manufacturing. In this report, we assumed that the water vapor transfer resistance (Rp) in the pilot lyophilizer can be used in the commercial lyophilizer without any correction, under the condition where both lyophilizers were operated in the high efficiency particulate air (HEPA)-filtrated airflow condition. The shelf temperature and the drying time for the commercial manufacturing were designed based on the maximum Rp value calculated from the pilot lyophilizer (1008 vials) under HEPA-filtrated airflow condition and from the vial heat transfer coefficient of the production lyophilizer (6000 vials). And, the cycle parameters were verified using the production lyophilizer of 60000 vials. It was therefore concluded that the operation of lab- or pilot-scale lyophilizer under HEPA-filtrated airflow condition was one of important factors for the scale-up.

DOI： 10.1248/cpb.c18-00516

Effect of controlled nucleation of ice crystals on the primary drying stage during lyophilization 査読

Hidenori Kawasaki, Toshinori Shimanouchi, Kanako Takahashi, Yukitaka Kimura

Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 66 ( 12 ) 1122 - 1130 2018年

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

The freezing stage cannot be directly controlled, which leads to variation in product quality and low productivity during the lyophilization process. Our objective was to establish a robust design space for the primary drying stage using ice nucleation control based on the pressurization and depressurization technique. We evaluated the specific surface area (SSA), water content, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, and water vapor transfer resistance of the dried layer (Rp) of the products. The ice nucleation control resulted in a reduction of the SSA value and in an increase in water content. SEM observation suggested that the ice nucleation control enabled formation of large ice crystals, which was consistent with the reduction in the Rp value. As a result, the generation of collapsed cakes was inhibited, whereas 18% of the collapsed cakes were observed without ice nucleation control. Finally, this technique succeeded in determining a robust design space for the primary drying stage to produce uniform products of higher productivity. It was considered, from the present findings, that controlling the formation of large ice crystals impacted the product quality and productivity.

DOI： 10.1248/cpb.c18-00494

Indocyanine green-laden poly(ethylene glycol)-block-polylactide (PEG-b-PLA) nanocapsules incorporating reverse micelles: Effects of PEG-b-PLA composition on the nanocapsule diameter and encapsulation efficiency 査読

Takaichi Watanabe, Yui Sakamoto, Tetsuya Inooka, Yukitaka Kimura, Tsutomu Ono

Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 520 764 - 770 2017年5月

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

Reverse micelles are thermodynamically stable systems, with a capacity to encapsulate hydrophilic molecules in their nanosized core, which is smaller than the core generally obtained with water-in-oil-emulsion droplets. Herein, we present a simple technique for the preparation of poly(ethylene glycol)-block-polylactide (PEG-b-PLA) nanocapsules encapsulating a hydrophilic photosensitizer (indocyanine green, ICG), which exploits reverse micelle formation and subsequent emulsion-solvent diffusion. We establish the effect of the PEG-b-PLA composition and the co-surfactant volume on the diameter and water content of the reverse micelles. We demonstrate that the composition of PEG-b-PLA affects also the diameter and encapsulation efficiency of the resulting nanocapsules. We show that the ICG-laden nanocapsules fabricated under the most optimal conditions have a diameter of approximately 100 nm and an ICG encapsulation efficiency of 58%. We believe that the method proposed here is a promising step towards the preparation of hydrophilic drug-laden polymer nanocapsules with a small diameter and therefore suitable for use in drug delivery applications based on enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect-driven passive targeting.

DOI： 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.02.039

Effect of wet and dry torrefaction process on fuel properties of solid fuels derived from bamboo and Japanese cedar 査読

Wei Yang, Shengji Wu, Hui Wang, Pengyu Ma, Toshiniri Shimanouchi, Yukitaka Kimura, Jie Zhou

BioResources 12 ( 4 ) 8629 - 8640 2017年

担当区分：責任著者掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

Torrefaction is a promising pretreatment process to convert biomass into high energy density solid fuel for further thermal conversion systems. In this study, the effects of wet and dry torrefaction on the properties of solid fuels prepared from bamboo and Japanese cedar were investigated in a batch reactor. The yields of solid fuels decreased with increasing treatment temperature in both torrefaction processes, mainly due to the decomposition of cellulose and hemicellulose. Cellulose showed higher reactivity than hemicellulose in both biomasses. The higher heating values (HHV) of solid fuels prepared at the treatment temperatures higher than 240 °C in both torrefaction processes reached the same level as those of commercial coals. Wet torrefaction was better than dry torrefaction for decomposing bamboo and Japanese cedar. Dry torrefaction had more favorable impact than wet torrefaction on improving the fuel properties of bamboo and Japanese cedar because of its lower energy input, higher solid fuel yield, higher energy yield, and similar HHV under the same conditions. The crystalline structure of solid fuel had no great change below 260 °C in both torrefaction processes and was completely destroyed at 300 °C during dry torrefaction.

DOI： 10.15376/biores.12.4.8629-8640

Calcein leakage behavior from vesicles induced by proteinvesicle interaction: A study by surface pressurearea isotherms 査読

Saki Fukuma, Toshinori Shimanouchi, Keita Hayashi, Yukitaka Kimura

Chemistry Letters 46 ( 7 ) 1036 - 1039 2017年

担当区分：責任著者掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

The release behavior of substrates encapsulated in the vesicle can be controlled by the interaction between the vesicular membrane and the protein. However, its control mechanism is still now unknown. Therefore, the proteinvesicle interaction was investigated by a A isotherm. It was clarified that the released amount of encapsulated substrates increased with increasing proteinvesicle interaction. This result leads to the development of drug delivery systems (DDS) and of biosensor technology.

DOI： 10.1246/cl.170119

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