研究者詳細 - 鈴木　越治

Effect modification in settings with “truncation by death” 査読国際共著国際誌

Bronner P. Gonçalves, Etsuji Suzuki

Epidemiology 36 ( 3 ) 374 - 380 2025年5月

担当区分：最終著者,　責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Epidemiologic studies recruiting individuals with higher-than-population-average mortality can be affected by “truncation by death”, whereby the outcome of interest (e.g. quality of life) is considered not to be defined for individuals who die before the end of follow-up. Here, we use the potential outcomes framework and principal stratification to derive conditions under which the survivor average causal effect, an estimand defined for the “always-survivors” stratum, is modified by a variable that represents a possible common cause of survival and the outcome of interest, and by a variable that only affects survival. Further, we show that this principal effect can be expressed as a weighted average of this treatment effect for individuals with each level of these variables, and that these weights depend not only on the relative frequencies of the levels in the total population, but also in the “always-survivors” principal stratum. We also discuss the implications of this work for the transportability of the survivor average causal effect.

DOI： 10.1097/ede.0000000000001834

Aspartate/alanine aminotransferase ratio and development of chronic kidney disease in non-diabetic men and women: a population-based longitudinal study in Kagawa, Japan 査読国際誌

Yukari Okawa, Toshiharu Mitsuhashi, Etsuji Suzuki

Clinical and Experimental Nephrology 29 ( 5 ) 560 - 572 2025年5月

担当区分：最終著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Springer Science and Business Media LLC

DOI： 10.1007/s10157-024-02601-8

その他リンク： https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10157-024-02601-8/fulltext.html

Unraveling causality: Innovations in epidemiologic methods 招待査読国際誌

Etsuji Suzuki

JMA Journal 8 ( 2 ) 323 - 337 2025年4月

Management strategies for truncus arteriosus: a comparative analysis of staged vs. primary repair 査読国際誌

Yasuyuki Kobayashi, Shunji Sano, Yuto Narumiya, Ayari Kimura, Etsuji Suzuki, Shingo Kasahara, Yasuhiro Kotani

Pediatric Cardiology 2025年1月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Abstract

We reviewed the outcomes of truncus arteriosus repair (primary vs. staged repair incorporating bilateral pulmonary artery banding), focusing on survival, reintervention, and functional data. We analyzed 39 patients who underwent a first intervention for truncus arteriosus (staged, n = 19; primary, n = 20) between 1992 and 2022. The median follow-up period was 8.0 (2.2–13.2) years. Survival, freedom from reoperation, and freedom from catheter intervention were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. High-risk patients were defined as those with a weight ≤ 2.5 kg, ≥ moderate truncal valve regurgitation, interrupted aortic arch, or preoperative shock. In the staged group, patients with a median weight of 2.6 kg had a median intensive care unit stay of 5 days and no hospital mortality after bilateral pulmonary artery banding. At repair, the staged group had a larger conduit for the right ventricular outflow tract (14 vs. 12 mm; P = .008). Catheter intervention on the branch pulmonary artery was required in 67% of patients in the staged group, but right ventricular end-diastolic pressure at follow-up was comparable between the groups (P = .541). Survival rates were higher among high-risk patients in the staged group (87.5% vs. 21.4% at 15 years; P = .004) but were comparable between groups for standard-risk patients (P = 1.000). Bilateral pulmonary artery banding was a safe, effective procedure. Reintervention for branch pulmonary artery was common but did not affect functional outcomes. Staged repair may play a pivotal role regarding survival in high-risk patients, and risk stratification is vital.

DOI： 10.1007/s00246-025-03790-z

その他リンク： https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00246-025-03790-z/fulltext.html

Family ties and social capital among grand slam tennis champions 査読国際共著国際誌

Dario Novak, Mario Oršolić, Petar Barbaros, Etsuji Suzuki, S.V. Subramanian

International Review for the Sociology of Sport 2025年1月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：SAGE Publications

As a competitive sport, tennis demands a comprehensive understanding of the factors which contribute to success at different levels of performance. In order to clarify the aforementioned, the aim of this study was to explore and understand the perspective of tennis players, at differing levels of success, and the impact of social capital on their sporting careers. A particular emphasis was put on an elite group of tennis players who succeeded in reaching the pinnacle of success by winning a Grand Slam title. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 30 tennis players, including 10 Grand Slam winners. Upon transcription, the interviews were analyzed by using reflexive thematic analysis. Family presence and support during the challenges faced by tennis players emerged as a clear research topic following the research analysis. The perspectives of tennis players on the influence of social capital on long-term sports development and achievements revealed that the family plays a key role in the process of raising and supporting tennis players. In order to improve the long-term sports development of tennis players, families must ensure and provide a more significant role in the accrual of social capital, however it is not necessarily a sufficient condition to success.

DOI： 10.1177/10126902241298498

その他リンク： https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full-xml/10.1177/10126902241298498

Volunteering in young adulthood: Complex associations with later health and well-being outcomes 査読国際共著国際誌

Julia S. Nakamura, Renae Wilkinson, Marisa A. Nelson, Etsuji Suzuki, Tyler J. VanderWeele

American Journal of Health Promotion 39 ( 1 ) 39 - 51 2025年1月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：SAGE Publications

Purpose

To investigate whether changes in volunteering from adolescence to young adulthood are associated with subsequent health and well-being outcomes in adulthood.

Design

Longitudinal cohort study.

Setting

National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health.

Subjects

U.S. adults from Wave IV (2008/2009; N = 12,234) and Wave V (2016-2018; N = 9,971).

Measures

Any volunteering and nine types of volunteering (independent variables) and 41 health and well-being outcomes (dependent variables) using an outcome-wide approach with multiple linear-, logistic-, and generalized linear regressions.

Results

Volunteering in young adulthood was associated with better health behaviors (e.g., 34% decreased risk of binge drinking, 95% CI [0.54, 0.81]) and improved psychosocial and civic outcomes (e.g., lower depressive symptoms (β = −0.08, 95% CI [−0.14, −0.02]) in adulthood. Volunteering showed little evidence of associations with other health and well-being outcomes (e.g., loneliness, (β = −0.04, 95% CI [−0.09, 0.01])). Assessing volunteering by organization types showed a range of positive and negative outcomes. For example, volunteering in hospitals/nursing homes was associated with a 36% increased risk of high cholesterol (95% CI [1.06, 1.73]) and volunteering with political clubs was associated with a 52% increased risk of an anxiety diagnosis (95% CI [1.13, 2.05]).

Conclusion

Our findings suggest more work is needed to determine the conditions under which volunteering is health promoting and to minimize potential adverse effects associated with some types of volunteering.

DOI： 10.1177/08901171241273424

その他リンク： https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full-xml/10.1177/08901171241273424

Area Deprivation and Health Outcomes in Preschool Children in Japan: A Nationwide Cohort Study 査読国際共著国際誌

Naomi Matsumoto, Etsuji Suzuki, Soshi Takao, Tomoki Nakaya, Ichiro Kawachi, Takashi Yorifuji

Journal of Epidemiology 2025年

Job strain and adverse pregnancy outcomes: A scoping review and meta‐analysis 査読国際共著国際誌

Kota Nakayama, Etsuji Suzuki, Natalie Slopen, Ichiro Kawachi

American Journal of Industrial Medicine 67 ( 11 ) 971 - 979 2024年11月

担当区分：責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Wiley

Abstract

Background

Previous studies have shown that job strain is associated with low birthweight (LBW), preterm birth (PTB), and small for gestational age (SGA). We conducted a scoping review and meta‐analysis to assess the association between job strain and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Methods

A literature search was performed on PubMed. We included English‐language studies that examined the association between job strain (based on the Karasek demand‐control model) and pregnancy outcomes. We excluded letters, posters, reviews, and qualitative studies. Random effects meta‐analysis was performed. Heterogeneity was assessed using τ² and I² statistics. Potential bias was assessed using standard funnel plots. Asymmetry was evaluated by Egger's test. Leave‐one‐out analysis was performed for sensitivity analyses.

Results

Three eligible studies were found for LBW, seven for PTB, and four for SGA. The number of subjects ranged from 135 to 4889, and the prevalence of high job strain ranged from 6.64% to 33.9%. The pooled odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI) for LBW, PTB, and SGA were 1.23 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.56), 1.10 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.22), and 1.16 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.39) respectively, indicating modest associations. Heterogeneity for LBW and PTB may not be important but may be moderate for SGA. No publication bias was detected for LBW and PTB, but possible publication bias exists for SGA.

Conclusion

We found a modest association between job strain and PTB. Since job strain is only one of the many aspects of an unhealthy work environment, interventions that improve working conditions more broadly are needed.

DOI： 10.1002/ajim.23655

Re: “Defining and identifying local average treatment effects” 査読国際誌

Etsuji Suzuki, Eiji Yamamoto

American Journal of Epidemiology 193 ( 11 ) 1641 - 1642 2024年11月

Preventable fraction in the context of disease progression 査読国際共著国際誌

Bronner P. Gonçalves, Etsuji Suzuki

Epidemiology 35 ( 6 ) 801 - 804 2024年11月

担当区分：最終著者,　責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

The relevance of the epidemiologic concept of preventable fraction to the study of the population-level impact of preventive exposures is unequivocal. Here, we discuss how the preventable fraction can be usefully understood for the class of outcomes that relate to disease progression (e.g., clinical severity given diagnosis), and, under the principal stratification framework, derive an expression for this quantity for this type of outcome. In particular, we show that, in the context of disease progression, the preventable fraction is a function of the effect on the postdiagnosis outcome in the principal stratum in the unexposed group who would have disease regardless of exposure status. This work will facilitate an understanding of the contribution of principal effects to the impact of preventive exposures at the population level.

DOI： 10.1097/ede.0000000000001770

Re: Bias in calculation of attributable fractions using relative risks from nonsmokers only 査読国際誌

Etsuji Suzuki, Eiji Yamamoto

Epidemiology 35 ( 6 ) e21 - e22 2024年11月

Survey of pharyngeal foreign bodies in Japan: An ecological study using the nationwide claims data 査読国際誌

Shintaro Tanaka, Kensuke Uraguchi, Etsuji Suzuki, Naomi Matsumoto, Munechika Tsumura, Shohei Fujimoto, Shotaro Miyamoto, Takashi Yorifuji, Mizuo Ando

International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology 184 112055 - 112055 2024年9月

Errors in the calculation of the population attributable fraction 査読国際誌

Etsuji Suzuki, Eiji Yamamoto

Epidemiology 35 ( 4 ) 469 - 472 2024年7月

担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

One of the common errors in the calculation of the population attributable fraction (PAF) is the use of an adjusted risk ratio in the Levin formula. In this article, we discuss the errors visually using wireframes by varying the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) and associational risk ratio (aRR) when the prevalence of exposure is fixed. When SMR >1 and SMR > aRR, the absolute bias is positive, and its magnitude increases as the difference between SMR and aRR increases. By contrast, when aRR > SMR > 1, the absolute bias is negative and its magnitude is relatively small. Moreover, when SMR > aRR, the relative bias is larger than one, whereas when SMR < aRR, the relative bias is smaller than one. Although the target population of the PAF is the total population, the target of causation of the PAF is not the total population but the exposed group.

DOI： 10.1097/ede.0000000000001731

Aspartate/alanine aminotransferase ratio and development of chronic kidney disease in non-diabetic Japanese men and women

An Internet-based survey of hepatitis B vaccination status among acupuncturists in Japan 査読国際誌

Nobuyoshi Matsuki, Etsuji Suzuki, Toshihide Tsuda, Hiroyuki Doi, Takashi Yorifuji

Japanese Acupuncture and Moxibustion 18 8 - 14 2024年7月

Yukari Okawa, Toshiharu Mitsuhashi, Etsuji Suzuki

2024年5月

担当区分：最終著者出版者・発行元：Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory

AimThe objective of this study was to explore the relationship between serum aspartate/alanine aminotransferase ratio (AST/ALT) and subsequent development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in non-diabetic Japanese men and women in a 25-year follow-up study.MethodsThe study included all middle-aged and older non-diabetic Japanese citizens who received health check-ups in Zentsuji, Kagawa, Japan (1998–2023). AST/ALT was classified into three categories: <1.0 (reference), 1.0–<1.5, and ≥1.5. Participant characteristics were compared by AST/ALT categories. The Weibull accelerated failure time model was used to examine the association between AST/ALT categories and subsequent CKD onset because the proportional hazards assumption was violated.ResultsOf 6309 men and 9192 women, 2966 men and 4395 women remained in the final cohort. After a mean follow-up of 7.50 years for men and 8.34 years for women, 33.7% of men and 34.0% of women developed CKD. Women had higher AST/ALT than men. In women, a dose-response relationship was observed, with a 9% shorter survival time to CKD onset for AST/ALT ≥1.5 compared with AST/ALT <1.0. In contrast, men had a shorter survival time to CKD onset by point estimates, but the 95% confidence intervals crossed 1 in all models.ConclusionsIn this study comparing the risks of CKD development in non-diabetic men and women by AST/ALT levels, a dose-response relationship was only observed in women. Differences in the distribution of AST/ALT by sex may have affected the results. Therefore, in non-diabetic Japanese women, AST/ALT may be used as an indicator of future CKD development.

DOI： 10.1101/2024.05.20.24307032

Staged repair for complete atrioventricular septal defect in patients weighing less than 4.0 kg 査読国際誌

Yasuyuki Kobayashi, Shingo Kasahara, Shunji Sano, Hiroyuki Suzuki, Etsuji Suzuki, Takashi Yorifuji, Yasuhiro Kotani

The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 167 ( 3 ) 1136 - 1144 2024年3月

Prenatal Exposure to Opioids and Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Children: A Bayesian Mediation Analysis 査読国際共著国際誌

Shuang Wang, Gavino Puggioni, Jing Wu, Kimford J Meador, Aisling Caffrey, Richard Wyss, Jonathan L Slaughter, Etsuji Suzuki, Kristina E Ward, Adam K Lewkowitz, Xuerong Wen

American Journal of Epidemiology 193 ( 2 ) 308 - 322 2024年2月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Oxford University Press (OUP)

This study explores natural direct and joint natural indirect effects (JNIE) of prenatal opioid exposure on neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) in children mediated through pregnancy complications, major and minor congenital malformations, and adverse neonatal outcomes, using Medicaid claims linked to vital statistics in Rhode Island, United States, 2008–2018. A Bayesian mediation analysis with elastic net shrinkage prior was developed to estimate mean time to NDD diagnosis ratio using posterior mean and 95% credible intervals (CrIs) from Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms. Simulation studies showed desirable model performance. Of 11,176 eligible pregnancies, 332 had ≥2 dispensations of prescription opioids anytime during pregnancy, including 200 (1.8%) having ≥1 dispensation in the first trimester (T1), 169 (1.5%) in the second (T2), and 153 (1.4%) in the third (T3). A significant JNIE of opioid exposure was observed in each trimester (T1, JNIE = 0.97, 95% CrI: 0.95, 0.99; T2, JNIE = 0.97, 95% CrI: 0.95, 0.99; T3, JNIE = 0.96, 95% CrI: 0.94, 0.99). The proportion of JNIE in each trimester was 17.9% (T1), 22.4% (T2), and 56.3% (T3). In conclusion, adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes jointly mediated the association between prenatal opioid exposure and accelerated time to NDD diagnosis. The proportion of JNIE increased as the timing of opioid exposure approached delivery.

DOI： 10.1093/aje/kwad183

その他リンク： https://academic.oup.com/aje/article-pdf/193/2/308/56556096/kwad183.pdf

Genetic architecture of alcohol consumption identified by a genotype-stratified GWAS and impact on esophageal cancer risk in Japanese people 査読国際共著国際誌

Yuriko N. Koyanagi, Masahiro Nakatochi, Shinichi Namba, Isao Oze, Hadrien Charva, Akira Narita, Takahisa Kawaguchi, Hiroaki Ikezaki, Asahi Hishida, Megumi Hara, Toshiro Takezaki, Teruhide Koyama, Yohko Nakamura, Sadao Suzuki, Sakurako Katsuura-Kamano, Kiyonori Kuriki, Yasuyuki Nakamura, Kenji Takeuchi, Atsushi Hozawa, Kengo Kinoshita, Yoichi Sutoh, Kozo Tanno, Atsushi Shimizu, Hidemi Ito, Yumiko Kasugai, Yukino Kawakatsu, Yukari Taniyama, Masahiro Tajika, Yasuhiro Shimizu, Etsuji Suzuki, Yasuyuki Hosono, Issei Imoto, Yasuharu Tabara, Meiko Takahashi, Kazuya Setoh, Koichi Matsuda, Shiori Nakano, Atsushi Goto, Ryoko Katagiri, Taiki Yamaji, Norie Sawada, Shoichiro Tsugane, Kenji Wakai, Masayuki Yamamoto, Makoto Sasaki, Fumihiko Matsuda, Yukinori Okada, Motoki Iwasaki, Paul Brennan, Keitaro Matsuo

Science Advances 10 ( 4 ) eade2780 - eade2780 2024年1月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

An East Asian–specific variant on aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 ( ALDH2 rs671, G>A) is the major genetic determinant of alcohol consumption. We performed an rs671 genotype-stratified genome-wide association study meta-analysis of alcohol consumption in 175,672 Japanese individuals to explore gene-gene interactions with rs671 behind drinking behavior. The analysis identified three genome-wide significant loci ( GCKR , KLB , and ADH1B ) in wild-type homozygotes and six ( GCKR , ADH1B , ALDH1B1 , ALDH1A1 , ALDH2 , and GOT2 ) in heterozygotes, with five showing genome-wide significant interaction with rs671. Genetic correlation analyses revealed ancestry-specific genetic architecture in heterozygotes. Of the discovered loci, four ( GCKR , ADH1B , ALDH1A1 , and ALDH2 ) were suggested to interact with rs671 in the risk of esophageal cancer, a representative alcohol-related disease. Our results identify the genotype-specific genetic architecture of alcohol consumption and reveal its potential impact on alcohol-related disease risk.

DOI： 10.1126/sciadv.ade2780

Complementary and alternative medicine use, cancer screening, and medical checkups in Japan from 2001 to 2013: A repeated cross-sectional study 査読国際共著国際誌

Nobuyoshi Matsuki, Etsuji Suzuki, Toshiharu Mitsuhashi, S.V. Subramanian, Soshi Takao, Takashi Yorifuji

Journal of Integrative and Complementary Medicine 30 ( 1 ) 47 - 56 2024年1月

Fine particulate matter and diabetes prevalence in Okayama, Japan 査読国際誌

Yasunari Tani, Saori Kashima, Toshiharu Mitsuhashi, Etsuji Suzuki, Soshi Takao, Takashi Yorifuji

Acta Medica Okayama 77 ( 6 ) 607 - 612 2023年12月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：OKAYAMA UNIV MED SCHOOL

Many studies have shown an association between long-term exposure to particulate matter having an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5) and diabetes mellitus (DM), but few studies have focused on Asian subjects. We thus examined the association between long-term exposure to PM2.5 and DM prevalence in Okayama City, Japan. We included 76,591 participants who had received basic health checkups in 2006 and 2007. We assigned the census-level modeled PM2.5 data from 2006 and 2007 to each participant and defined DM using treatment status and the blood testing. PM2.5 was associated with DM prevalence, and the prevalence ratio (95% confidence interval) was 1.10 (1.00-1.20) following each interquartile range increase (2.1 μg/m3) in PM2.5. This finding is consistent with previous results and suggests that long-term exposure to PM2.5 is associated with an increased prevalence of DM in Okayama City, Japan, where the PM2.5 level is lower than in other cities in Asian countries.

DOI： 10.18926/AMO/66152

A population-based longitudinal study on glycated hemoglobin levels and new-onset chronic kidney disease among non-diabetic Japanese adults 査読国際誌

Yukari Okawa, Etsuji Suzuki, Toshiharu Mitsuhashi, Toshihide Tsuda, Takashi Yorifuji

Scientific Reports 13 ( 1 ) 13770 - 13770 2023年8月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major global public health problem. Recent studies reported that diabetes and prediabetes are risk factors for developing CKD; however, the exact glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) cut-off value for prediabetes remains controversial. In this study, we aimed to examine the relationship between HbA1c levels and subsequent CKD development in greater detail than previous studies. Longitudinal data of annual checkups of 7176 Japanese non-diabetic people (male: 40.4%) from 1998 to 2022 was analyzed. HbA1c values were categorized into < 5.0%, 5.0–5.4%, 5.5–5.9%, and 6.0–6.4%. CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 ml/min/1.73 m². The descriptive statistics at study entry showed that higher HbA1c values were associated with male, older, overweight or obese, hypertensive, or dyslipidemic people. During a mean follow-up of 7.75 person-years, 2374 participants (male: 40.0%) developed CKD. The Weibull accelerated failure time model was selected because the proportional hazards assumption was violated. The adjusted time ratios of developing CKD for HbA1c levels of 5.5–5.9% and 6.0–6.4% compared with 5.0–5.4% were 0.97 (95% confidence interval: 0.92–1.03) and 1.01 (95% confidence interval: 0.90–1.13), respectively. There was no association between HbA1c in the prediabetic range and subsequent CKD development.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-023-40300-8

Exchangeability of measures of association before and after exposure status is flipped: its relationship with confounding in the counterfactual model 査読国際誌

その他リンク： https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-40300-8

Accuracy of ultrasound vs. Fourier-domain optic biometry for measuring preoperative axial length in cases of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment 査読国際誌

Shuhei Kimura, Mio Morizane Hosokawa, Yusuke Shiode, Ryo Matoba, Yuki Kanzaki, Yasuhito Goto, Keisuke Kanenaga, Etsuji Suzuki, Yuki Morizane

Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology 67 ( 6 ) 645 - 651 2023年8月

Etsuji Suzuki, Michio Yamamoto, Eiji Yamamoto

Journal of Epidemiology 33 ( 8 ) 385 - 389 2023年8月

担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Japan Epidemiological Association

BACKGROUND: The counterfactual definition of confounding is often explained in the context of exchangeability between the exposed and unexposed groups. One recent approach is to examine whether the measures of association (e.g., associational risk difference) are exchangeable when exposure status is flipped in the population of interest. We discuss the meaning and utility of this approach, showing their relationships with the concept of confounding in the counterfactual framework. METHODS: Three hypothetical cohort studies are used, in which the target population is the total population. After providing an overview of the notions of confounding in distribution and in measure, we discuss the approach from the perspective of exchangeability of measures of association (e.g., factual associational risk difference vs. counterfactual associational risk difference). RESULTS: In general, if the measures of association are non-exchangeable when exposure status is flipped, confounding in distribution is always present, although confounding in measure may or may not be present. Even if the measures of association are exchangeable when exposure status is flipped, there could be confounding both in distribution and in measure. When we use risk difference or risk ratio as a measure of interest and the exposure prevalence in the population is 0.5, testing the exchangeability of measures of association is equivalent to testing the absence of confounding in the corresponding measures. CONCLUSIONS: The approach based on exchangeability of measures of association essentially does not provide a definition of confounding in the counterfactual framework. Subtly differing notions of confounding should be distinguished carefully.

DOI： 10.2188/jea.JE20210352

PubMed

Impact of macular intraretinal hemorrhage and macular hole on the visual prognosis of submacular hemorrhage due to retinal arterial macroaneurysm rupture 査読国際誌

Shinichiro Doi, Shuhei Kimura, Shoko Saito, Makoto Inoue, Toshiya Sakurai, Akira Kobori, Toshio Hisatomi, Hisanori Imai, Shoji Kuriyama, Ippei Takasu, Mio Morizane Hosokawa, Yusuke Shiode, Ryo Matoba, Etsuji Suzuki, Yuki Morizane

Retina 43 ( 4 ) 585 - 593 2023年4月

Heat exposure following the rainy season is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular emergency among the elderly in Japan 査読国際誌

Ryohei Fujimoto, Etsuji Suzuki, Saori Kashima, Kazufumi Nakamura, Hiromichi Naito, Atsunori Nakao, Hiroshi Ito, Takashi Yorifuji

Journal of the American Heart Association 12 ( 6 ) e027046 - e027046 2023年3月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：American Heart Association

Background Despite the impact of heat exposure caused by global warming, few studies have investigated the hourly effects of heat exposure and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the elderly. We examined the associations between short-term heat exposure and the risk of CVD in the elderly in Japan and evaluated possible effect-measure modifications by rainy seasons that occur in East Asia. Methods and Results We conducted a time-stratified case-crossover study. The study included 6527 residents in Okayama City, Japan, aged ≥65 years who were transported to emergency hospitals between 2012 and 2019 for the onset of CVD during and a few months after the rainy seasons. We examined the linear associations between temperature and CVD-related emergency calls for each year and for hourly preceding intervals before the emergency call during the most relevant months. Heat exposure during 1 month after the end of the rainy season was associated with CVD risk; the odds ratio (OR) for a 1° C increase in temperature was 1.34 (95% CI, 1.29-1.40). When we further explored the nonlinear association by using the natural cubic spline model, we found a J-shaped relationship. Exposures 0 to 6 hours before the case event (preceding intervals 0-6 hours) were associated with CVD risk, particularly for the preceding interval 0 to 1 hour (OR, 1.33 [95% CI, 1.28-1.39]). For longer periods, the highest risk was at preceding intervals 0 to 23 hours (OR, 1.40 [95% CI, 1.34-1.46]). Conclusions Elderly individuals may be more susceptible to CVD after heat exposure during the month after the rainy season. As shown by finer temporal resolution analyses, short-term exposure to increasing temperature can trigger CVD onset.
【令和5年度岡山県医師会学術奨励賞受賞論文】

DOI： 10.1161/JAHA.122.027046

PubMed

Michiyo Yamakawa, Toshihide Tsuda, Keiko Wada, Chisato Nagata, Etsuji Suzuki

PLoS One 18 ( 2 ) e0279426 - e0279426 2023年2月

担当区分：最終著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：PLoS One

Despite an increasing number of students studying abroad worldwide, evidence about health risks while they are abroad is limited. Diarrhea is considered the most common travelers’ illness, which would also apply to students studying abroad. We examined diarrhea and related personal characteristics among Japanese students studying abroad. Japanese university students who participated in short-term study abroad programs between summer 2016 and spring 2018 were targeted (n = 825, 6–38 travel days). Based on a 2-week-risk of diarrhea (passing three or more loose or liquid stools per day) among travelers by country, the destination was separated into intermediate- and low-risk countries. After this stratification, the associations between personal characteristics and diarrhea during the first two weeks of their stay were evaluated using logistic regression models. Among participants in intermediate-risk countries, teenagers, males and those with overseas travel experience were associated with an elevated risk of diarrhea; the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 2.42 (1.08–5.43) for teenagers (vs. twenties), 1.93 (1.08–3.45) for males (vs. females) and 2.37 (1.29–4.33) for those with overseas experience (vs. none). Even restricting an outcome to diarrhea during the first week did not change the results substantially. The same tendency was not observed for those in the low-risk countries. Teenage students, males and those with overseas travel experience should be cautious about diarrhea while studying abroad, specifically in intermediate-risk countries.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0279426

Attributable fraction and related measures: Conceptual relations in the counterfactual framework 査読国際誌

Etsuji Suzuki, Eiji Yamamoto

Journal of Causal Inference 11 ( 1 ) 20210068 2023年2月

担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

The attributable fraction (population) has attracted much attention from a theoretical perspective and has been used extensively to assess the impact of potential health interventions. However, despite its extensive use, there is much confusion about its concept and calculation methods. In this article, we discuss the concepts of and calculation methods for the attributable fraction and related measures in the counterfactual framework, both with and without stratification by covariates. Generally, the attributable fraction is useful when the exposure of interest has a causal effect on the outcome. However, it is important to understand that this statement applies to the exposed group. Although the target population of the attributable fraction (population) is the total population, the causal effect should be present not in the total population but in the exposed group. As related measures, we discuss the preventable fraction and prevented fraction, which are generally useful when the exposure of interest has a preventive effect on the outcome, and we further propose a new measure called the attributed fraction. We also discuss the causal and preventive excess fractions, and provide notes on vaccine efficacy. Finally, we discuss the relations between the aforementioned six measures and six possible patterns using a conceptual schema.

DOI： 10.1515/jci-2021-0068

Do complementary and alternative medicine users also use conventional medicine? A repeated cross-sectional study in Japan from 1995 to 2013 査読国際誌

Nobuyoshi Matsuki, Etsuji Suzuki, Toshiharu Mitsuhashi, Soshi Takao, Takashi Yorifuji

Journal of Integrative and Complementary Medicine 29 ( 2 ) 119 - 126 2023年2月

Breastfeeding at 6 months of age had a positive impact on overweight and obesity in Japanese adolescents at 15 years of age 査読国際誌

Tomoka Kadowaki, Naomi Matsumoto, Etsuji Suzuki, Toshiharu Mitsuhashi, Soshi Takao, Takashi Yorifuji

Acta Paediatrica 112 ( 1 ) 106 - 114 2023年1月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Wiley

AIM: A number of studies have indicated the potential benefits that breastfeeding has on reducing childhood obesity, but few studies have evaluated the effect on adolescent obesity. We examined the association between breastfeeding and overweight or obesity at 15 years of age using data from a large nationwide longitudinal study launched by the Japanese Government in 2001. METHODS: We analysed data for 26 164 participants with known infant feeding practices at 6 months of age, namely the duration of breastfeeding or formula feeding. Overweight or obesity at 15 years of age were calculated based on the subject's self-reported height and weight. Multinomial logistic regression analysis adjusted the data for child factors, namely sex, siblings, birth weight and physical activity clubs and the maternal factors of age, educational attainment and smoking status. RESULTS: Formula feeding was associated with an increased risk of overweight or obesity at 15 years of age. The adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 0.99 (0.89-1.09) for partial breastfeeding and 1.23 (1.02-1.48) for formula feeding, when exclusive breastfeeding was the reference category. CONCLUSION: Breastfeeding during infancy had potential benefits for overweight or obesity among 15-year-old adolescents. Our results provide further evidence of the importance of breastfeeding.

DOI： 10.1111/apa.16551

PubMed

Tumor size before image-guided brachytherapy is an important factor of local control after radiotherapy for cervical squamous cell carcinoma: analysis in cases using central shielding 査読国際誌

その他リンク： https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/apa.16551

Erratum: Marginal Sufficient Component Cause Model: An Emerging Causal Model With Merits? 国際誌

Etsuji Suzuki, Eiji Yamamoto

Epidemiology 34 ( 1 ) e2 - e2 2023年1月

A general explanation of the counterfactual definition of confounding 査読国際誌

Etsuji Suzuki, Michio Yamamoto, Eiji Yamamoto

Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 148 189 - 192 2022年8月

Kotaro Yoshio, Hiroki Ihara, Kazuhiro Okamoto, Etsuji Suzuki, Takeshi Ogata, Soichi Sugiyama, Keiichiro Nakamura, Shoji Nagao, Hisashi Masuyama, Takao Hiraki

Journal of Radiation Research 63 ( 5 ) 772 - 779 2022年7月

Three doses of mRNA COVID‐19 vaccine protects from SARS‐CoV‐2 infections in Japan 査読国際誌

Katsuyuki Hotta, Etsuji Suzuki, Eiki Ichihara, Katsuyuki Kiura

Journal of Internal Medicine 292 ( 4 ) 687 - 689 2022年6月

The primary importance of the research question: implications for understanding natural versus controlled direct effects 査読国際共著国際誌

Ian Shrier, Etsuji Suzuki

International Journal of Epidemiology 51 ( 4 ) 1041 - 1046 2022年5月

Incidence and clinical characteristics of spinal arteriovenous shunts: hospital-based surveillance in Okayama, Japan 査読国際誌

Masafumi Hiramatsu, Ryota Ishibashi, Etsuji Suzuki, Yuko Miyazaki, Satoshi Murai, Hiroki Takai, Yuji Takasugi, Yoko Yamaoka, Kazuhiko Nishi, Yu Takahashi, Jun Haruma, Tomohito Hishikawa, Takao Yasuhara, Masaki Chin, Shunji Matsubara, Masaaki Uno, Koji Tokunaga, Kenji Sugiu, Isao Date

Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 36 ( 4 ) 670 - 677 2022年4月

Marginal sufficient component cause model: an emerging causal model with merits? 査読国際誌

Etsuji Suzuki, Eiji Yamamoto

Epidemiology 32 ( 6 ) 838 - 845 2021年11月

Is a sense of community belonging associated with problem gambling in Canada? 査読国際誌

Masato Izutsu, Etsuji Suzuki

Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 56 ( 10 ) 1871 - 1880 2021年10月

Strength in causality: discerning causal mechanisms in the sufficient cause model 査読国際誌

Etsuji Suzuki, Eiji Yamamoto

European Journal of Epidemiology 36 ( 9 ) 899 - 908 2021年9月

Body mass index and ventilator dependence in critically ill patients in Japan: a cohort study using a nationwide database 査読国際誌

Jun Fujinaga, Etsuji Suzuki, Hiromasa Irie, Mutsuo Onodera

Respiratory Care 66 ( 9 ) 1433 - 1439 2021年9月

A simple prognostic benefit scoring system for sarcoma patients with pulmonary metastases: Sarcoma Lung Metastasis Score 査読国際誌

Haruchika Yamamoto, Hiromasa Yamamoto, Junichi Soh, Etsuji Suzuki, Kei Namba, Ken Suzawa, Kentaroh Miyoshi, Shinji Otani, Mikio Okazaki, Seiichiro Sugimoto, Masaomi Yamane, Takashi Yorifuji, Katsuhito Takahashi, Shinichi Toyooka

Annals of Surgical Oncology 28 ( 7 ) 3884 - 3890 2021年7月

Erratum: A Graphical Description of Partial Exchangeability 国際誌

Etsuji Suzuki, Eiji Yamamoto

Epidemiology 32 ( 4 ) e15 - e15 2021年7月

データサイエンスにおける人工知能（AI）と疫学の位置付け―予測と因果推論の違い― 招待

頼藤貴志, 鈴木越治

岡山医学会雑誌 133 ( 1 ) 55 - 57 2021年4月

Trends in incidence of intracranial and spinal arteriovenous shunts: hospital-based surveillance in Okayama, Japan 査読国際誌

Satoshi Murai, Masafumi Hiramatsu, Etsuji Suzuki, Ryota Ishibashi, Hiroki Takai, Yuko Miyazaki, Yuji Takasugi, Yoko Yamaoka, Kazuhiko Nishi, Yu Takahashi, Jun Haruma, Tomohito Hishikawa, Takao Yasuhara, Masaki Chin, Shunji Matsubara, Masaaki Uno, Koji Tokunaga, Kenji Sugiu, Isao Date

Stroke 52 ( 4 ) 1455 - 1459 2021年4月

Re: A graphical description of partial exchangeability 査読国際誌

Etsuji Suzuki, Eiji Yamamoto

Epidemiology 32 ( 2 ) e7 - e9 2021年3月

Obesity and remission rates in Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis requiring anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy 査読国際誌

Kenji Yamazaki, Etsuji Suzuki, Ryuhei Ishihara, Toshiaki Miyamoto

Archives of Rheumatology 35 ( 4 ) 600 - 608 2020年12月

Continuing surgical education of non-technical skills 査読国際誌

Masaomi Yamane, Seiichiro Sugimoto, Etsuji Suzuki, Keiju Aokage, Mikio Okazaki, Junichi Soh, Makio Hayama, Yuji Hirami, Takashi Yorifuji, Shinichi Toyooka

Annals of Medicine and Surgery 58 177 - 186 2020年10月

Understanding marginal structural models for time-varying exposures: pitfalls and tips 招待査読国際誌

Tomohiro Shinozaki, Etsuji Suzuki

Journal of Epidemiology 30 ( 9 ) 377 - 389 2020年9月

Inverted internal limiting membrane flap versus internal limiting membrane peeling for macular hole retinal detachment in high myopia 査読国際誌

Hiroshi Matsumae, Yuki Morizane, Shin Yamane, Shuichiro Yanagisawa, Toshiya Sakurai, Akira Kobori, Hisanori Imai, Yuki Kanzaki, Etsuji Suzuki, Kazuaki Kadonosono, Atsushi Hayashi, Fumio Shiraga, Shoji Kuriyama

Ophthalmology Retina 4 ( 9 ) 919 - 926 2020年9月

Causal diagrams: pitfalls and tips 招待査読国際誌

Etsuji Suzuki, Tomohiro Shinozaki, Eiji Yamamoto

Journal of Epidemiology 30 ( 4 ) 153 - 162 2020年4月

Across-site differences in the mechanism of alcohol-induced digestive tract carcinogenesis: an evaluation by mediation analysis 査読国際誌

Yuriko N. Koyanagi, Etsuji Suzuki, Issei Imoto, Yumiko Kasugai, Isao Oze, Tomotaka Ugai, Madoka Iwase, Yoshiaki Usui, Yukino Kawakatsu, Michi Sawabe, Yutaka Hirayama, Tsutomu Tanaka, Tetsuya Abe, Seiji Ito, Koji Komori, Nobuhiro Hanai, Masahiro Tajika, Yasuhiro Shimizu, Yasumasa Niwa, Hidemi Ito, Keitaro Matsuo

Cancer Research 80 ( 7 ) 1601 - 1610 2020年4月

Urgent intubation without neuromuscular blocking agents and the risk of tracheostomy 査読国際誌

Jun Fujinaga, Etsuji Suzuki, Akira Kuriyama, Mutsuo Onodera, Hiroyuki Doi

Internal and Emergency Medicine 15 ( 1 ) 127 - 134 2020年1月

On the collapsibility of measures of effect in the counterfactual causal framework 査読国際共著国際誌

Anders Huitfeldt, Mats J. Stensrud, Etsuji Suzuki

Emerging Themes in Epidemiology 16 ( 1 ) 1 - 1 2019年12月

Effect heterogeneity and variable selection for standardizing causal effects to a target population 査読国際共著国際誌

Anders Huitfeldt, Sonja A. Swanson, Mats J. Stensrud, Etsuji Suzuki

European Journal of Epidemiology 34 ( 12 ) 1119 - 1129 2019年12月

Re: Associations between childhood thyroid cancer and external radiation dose after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident 査読国際誌

Toshihide Tsuda, Akiko Tokinobu, Eiji Yamamoto, Etsuji Suzuki

Epidemiology 29 ( 6 ) e56 - e57 2018年11月

Mechanisms and uncertainty in randomized controlled trials: a commentary on Deaton and Cartwright 招待国際共著国際誌

Etsuji Suzuki, Tyler J. VanderWeele

Social Science & Medicine 210 83 - 85 2018年8月

Diarrhea and related factors among passengers on world cruises departing from Japan 査読国際誌

Michiyo Yamakawa, Megumi Sasai, Yosuke Kasai, Toshihide Tsuda, Etsuji Suzuki

Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease 23 56 - 63 2018年5月

Covariate balance for no confounding in the sufficient-cause model 査読国際誌

Etsuji Suzuki, Toshihide Tsuda, Eiji Yamamoto

Annals of Epidemiology 28 ( 1 ) 48 - 53.e2 2018年1月

Are people with a history of disease more susceptible to a short-term exposure to Asian dust? A case-crossover study among the elderly in Japan 査読国際誌

Saori Kashima, Takashi Yorifuji, Etsuji Suzuki

Epidemiology 28 ( Suppl 1 ) S60 - S66 2017年10月

Risk factors for wound complications in head and neck reconstruction: 773 free jejunal reconstruction procedures after total pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy 査読国際誌

Narushi Sugiyama, Soshi Takao, Etsuji Suzuki, Yoshihiro Kimata

Head & Neck 39 ( 10 ) 2057 - 2069 2017年10月

Is there an obesity paradox in the Japanese elderly population? A community-based cohort study of 13280 men and women 査読国際誌

Kenji Yamazaki, Etsuji Suzuki, Takashi Yorifuji, Toshihide Tsuda, Toshiki Ohta, Kazuko Ishikawa-Takata, Hiroyuki Doi

Geriatrics & Gerontology International 17 ( 9 ) 1257 - 1264 2017年9月

A typology of four notions of confounding in epidemiology 査読国際誌

Etsuji Suzuki, Toshiharu Mitsuhashi, Toshihide Tsuda, Eiji Yamamoto

Journal of Epidemiology 27 ( 2 ) 49 - 55 2017年2月

Social capital and suicidal ideation in community-dwelling older residents: a multilevel analysis of 10,094 subjects in Japan 査読国際共著国際誌

Masayuki Noguchi, Tomoko Kobayashi, Toshihide Iwase, Etsuji Suzuki, Ichiro Kawachi, Soshi Takao

The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 25 ( 1 ) 37 - 47 2017年1月

Risk factors of thrombosis in a single method of microsurgical head and neck reconstruction: a multi-institutional study of 773 reconstructions with a free jejunal graft after total pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy for hypopharyngeal cancer 査読国際誌

Narushi Sugiyama, Soshi Takao, Etsuji Suzuki, Yoshihiro Kimata

Head & Neck 38 ( 11 ) 1688 - 1694 2016年11月

Errors in causal inference: an organizational schema for systematic error and random error 査読国際共著国際誌

Etsuji Suzuki, Toshihide Tsuda, Toshiharu Mitsuhashi, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Eiji Yamamoto

Annals of Epidemiology 26 ( 11 ) 788 - 793.e1 2016年11月

医学における因果律のより深い理解を目指して―「生存科学」への貢献招待

鈴木越治

生存科学 27 ( 1 ) 97 - 106 2016年9月

The authors respond: erratum 国際誌

Toshihide Tsuda, Akiko Tokinobu, Eiji Yamamoto, Etsuji Suzuki

Epidemiology 27 ( 5 ) e36 - e36 2016年9月

Thyroid cancer detection by ultrasound among residents ages 18 years and younger in Fukushima, Japan: 2011 to 2014 査読国際誌

Toshihide Tsuda, Akiko Tokinobu, Eiji Yamamoto, Etsuji Suzuki

Epidemiology 27 ( 3 ) 316 - 322 2016年5月

The authors respond 招待国際誌

Toshihide Tsuda, Akiko Tokinobu, Eiji Yamamoto, Etsuji Suzuki

Epidemiology 27 ( 3 ) e21 - e23 2016年5月

Correction: Community-Level Social Capital and Psychological Distress among the Elderly in Japan: A Population-Based Study 国際共著国際誌

Tomoko Kobayashi, Etsuji Suzuki, Masayuki Noguchi, Ichiro Kawachi, Soshi Takao

PLOS ONE 10 ( 12 ) e0144683 - e0144683 2015年12月

Home visits by commissioned welfare volunteers and psychological distress: a population-based study of 11,312 community-dwelling older people in Japan 査読国際誌

Masayuki Noguchi, Toshihide Iwase, Etsuji Suzuki, Soshi Takao

International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 30 ( 12 ) 1156 - 1163 2015年12月

Community-level social capital and psychological distress among the elderly in Japan: a population-based study 査読国際共著国際誌

Tomoko Kobayashi, Etsuji Suzuki, Masayuki Noguchi, Ichiro Kawachi, Soshi Takao

PLoS ONE 10 ( 11 ) e0142629 2015年11月

Generalized causal measure: the beauty lies in its generality 招待国際誌

Etsuji Suzuki

Epidemiology 26 ( 4 ) 490 - 495 2015年7月

Are family, neighbourhood and school social capital associated with higher self-rated health among Croatian high school students? A population-based study 査読国際共著国際誌

Dario Novak, Etsuji Suzuki, Ichiro Kawachi

BMJ Open 5 ( 6 ) e007184 - e007184 2015年6月

Erratum to: Social support and suicidal ideation in Japan: are home visits by commissioned welfare volunteers associated with a lower risk of suicidal ideation among elderly people in the community? (Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, (2014), 49, (619-627), 10.1007/s00127-013-0752-5) 国際誌

Masayuki Noguchi, Toshihide Iwase, Etsuji Suzuki, Yoko Kishimoto, Soshi Takao

50 ( 3 ) 505 - 506 2015年3月

Does the introduction of newborn hearing screening improve vocabulary development in hearing-impaired children? A population-based study in Japan 査読国際誌

Shuhei Ohmori, Akiko Sugaya, Naomi Toida, Etsuji Suzuki, Masato Izutsu, Tomoko Tsutsui, Yuko Kataoka, Yukihide Maeda, Kunihiro Fukushima, Kazunori Nishizaki

International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology 79 ( 2 ) 196 - 201 2015年2月

Prefecture-level economic conditions and risk of suicide in Japan: a repeated cross-sectional analysis 1975–2010 査読国際共著国際誌

Etsuji Suzuki, Saori Kashima, Ichiro Kawachi, S. V. Subramanian

European Journal of Public Health 24 ( 6 ) 949 - 954 2014年12月

Living will interest and preferred end-of-life care and death locations among Japanese adults 50 and over: a population-based survey 査読国際誌

Hiroyuki Nishie, Satoshi Mizobuchi, Etsuji Suzuki, Kenji Sato, Yuichiro Toda, Junji Matsuoka, Hiroshi Morimatsu

Acta Medica Okayama 68 ( 6 ) 339 - 348 2014年12月

Hourly differences in air pollution and risk of respiratory disease in the elderly: a time-stratified case-crossover study 査読国際誌

Takashi Yorifuji, Etsuji Suzuki, Saori Kashima

Environmental Health 13 ( 1 ) 67 2014年12月

Asian dust and daily emergency ambulance calls among elderly people in Japan: an analysis of its double role as a direct cause and as an effect modifier 査読国際誌

Saori Kashima, Takashi Yorifuji, Etsuji Suzuki

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 56 ( 12 ) 1277 - 1283 2014年12月

Outdoor air pollution and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Okayama, Japan 査読国際誌

Takashi Yorifuji, Etsuji Suzuki, Saori Kashima

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 56 ( 10 ) 1019 - 1023 2014年10月

Further refinements to the organizational schema for causal effects 査読国際誌

Etsuji Suzuki, Eiji Yamamoto

Epidemiology 25 ( 4 ) 618 - 619 2014年7月

A simple example as a pedagogical device? 査読国際誌

Etsuji Suzuki, Toshiharu Mitsuhashi, Toshihide Tsuda, Eiji Yamamoto

Annals of Epidemiology 24 ( 7 ) 560 - 561 2014年7月

Cardiovascular emergency hospital visits and hourly changes in air pollution 査読国際誌

Takashi Yorifuji, Etsuji Suzuki, Saori Kashima

Stroke 45 ( 5 ) 1264 - 1268 2014年5月

Social support and suicidal ideation in Japan: are home visits by commissioned welfare volunteers associated with a lower risk of suicidal ideation among elderly people in the community? 査読国際誌

Masayuki Noguchi, Toshihide Iwase, Etsuji Suzuki, Yoko Kishimoto, Soshi Takao

Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 49 ( 4 ) 619 - 627 2014年4月

Trends in geographic distribution of nursing staff in Japan from 2000 to 2010: a multilevel analysis 査読国際誌

Masato Izutsu, Etsuji Suzuki, Yukako Izutsu, Hiroyuki Doi

Acta Medica Okayama 68 ( 2 ) 101 - 110 2014年4月

Socioeconomic status, health behavior, and mortality: old question plus modern methods equals new insights? 招待国際共著国際誌

Basile Chaix, David Evans, Etsuji Suzuki

Epidemiology 25 ( 2 ) 178 - 181 2014年3月

Alternative definitions of "proportion eliminated" 査読国際誌

Etsuji Suzuki, Toshiharu Mitsuhashi, Toshihide Tsuda, Eiji Yamamoto

Epidemiology 25 ( 2 ) 308 - 309 2014年3月

On the "proportion eliminated" for risk differences versus excess relative risks 査読国際共著国際誌

Etsuji Suzuki, David Evans, Basile Chaix, Tyler J. VanderWeele

Epidemiology 25 ( 2 ) 309 - 310 2014年3月

The bright side and dark side of workplace social capital: opposing effects of gender on overweight among Japanese employees 査読国際共著国際誌

Tomoko Kobayashi, Etsuji Suzuki, Tuula Oksanen, Ichiro Kawachi, Soshi Takao

PLoS ONE 9 ( 1 ) e88084 2014年1月

在宅医療現場における心不全に伴う睡眠時無呼吸に対するASV治療査読

山崎賢士, 藤井基弘, 藤井弥子, 津田敏秀, 鈴木越治

日本プライマリ・ケア連合学会誌 37 ( 4 ) 342 - 345 2014年

担当区分：最終著者記述言語：日本語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：一般社団法人日本プライマリ・ケア連合学会

目的 : 在宅医療において, 新しい換気モードを搭載した人工呼吸器 (adaptive servo-ventilation (ASV) ) による心不全治療効果を評価する.<br>方法 : 心不全を有する後期高齢者の睡眠呼吸障害を簡易モニターにより診断し, 8名にASV治療を導入した. 心不全治療効果をNT-proBNPで評価し, 睡眠呼吸障害の改善を無呼吸低呼吸指数 (apnea hypopnea index (AHI) ) で評価した.<br>結果 : マスクをつけるのが怖いという理由で3名が脱落したため, 残りの5名について分析を行った. NT-proBNPの治療前後での平均変化率は-0.43［95%信頼区間 : -0.64, -0.22］と有意に改善した. AHIの平均変化量は-20.4回/時［95%信頼区間 : -41.2回/時, 0.4回/時］であった.<br>結論 : ASV治療は, 在宅医療現場における心不全治療に有効である.

DOI： 10.14442/generalist.37.342

Implications for future adverse effect studies of neuraminidase inhibitors

その他リンク： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JLC/20000665160?from=CiNii

A counterfactual approach to bias and effect modification in terms of response types 査読国際誌

Etsuji Suzuki, Toshiharu Mitsuhashi, Toshihide Tsuda, Eiji Yamamoto

BMC Medical Research Methodology 13 ( 1 ) 101 2013年12月

Group involvement and self-rated health among the Japanese elderly: an examination of bonding and bridging social capital 査読国際誌

Yoko Kishimoto, Etsuji Suzuki, Toshihide Iwase, Hiroyuki Doi, Soshi Takao

BMC Public Health 13 ( 1 ) 1189 2013年12月

Type D personality is associated with psychological distress and poor self-rated health among the elderly: a population-based study in Japan 査読国際誌

Yosuke Kasai, Etsuji Suzuki, Toshihide Iwase, Hiroyuki Doi, Soshi Takao

PLoS ONE 8 ( 10 ) e77918 - e77918 2013年10月

Workplace determinants of social capital: cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence from a Finnish cohort study 査読国際共著国際誌

Tuula Oksanen, Ichiro Kawachi, Anne Kouvonen, Soshi Takao, Etsuji Suzuki, Marianna Virtanen, Jaana Pentti, Mika Kivimäki, Jussi Vahtera

PLoS ONE 8 ( 6 ) e65846 2013年6月

Social and geographical inequalities in suicide in Japan from 1975 through 2005: a census-based longitudinal analysis 査読国際共著国際誌

Etsuji Suzuki, Saori Kashima, Ichiro Kawachi, S. V. Subramanian

American Journal of Epidemiology 177 ( Suppl 11 ) S30 - S30 2013年6月

Social and geographical inequalities in suicide in Japan from 1975 through 2005: a census-based longitudinal analysis 査読国際共著国際誌

Etsuji Suzuki, Saori Kashima, Ichiro Kawachi, S. V. Subramanian

PLoS ONE 8 ( 5 ) e63443 - e63443 2013年5月

Individual-level social capital and self-rated health in Japan: an application of the Resource Generator 査読国際共著国際誌

Tomoko Kobayashi, Ichiro Kawachi, Toshihide Iwase, Etsuji Suzuki, Soshi Takao

Social Science & Medicine 85 32 - 37 2013年5月

Shift work and diabetes mellitus among male workers in Japan: does the intensity of shift work matter? 査読国際誌

Katsuhiko Ika, Etsuji Suzuki, Toshiharu Mitsuhashi, Soshi Takao, Hiroyuki Doi

Acta Medica Okayama 67 ( 1 ) 25 - 33 2013年2月

Progression-free survival and overall survival in phase III trials of molecular-targeted agents in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer 査読国際共著国際誌

Katsuyuki Hotta, Etsuji Suzuki, Massimo Di Maio, Paolo Chiodini, Yoshiro Fujiwara, Nagio Takigawa, Eiki Ichihara, Martin Reck, Christian Manegold, Lothar Pilz, Akiko Hisamoto-Sato, Masahiro Tabata, Mitsune Tanimoto, Frances A. Shepherd, Katsuyuki Kiura

Lung Cancer 79 ( 1 ) 20 - 26 2013年1月

Clarifying the use of aggregated exposures in multilevel models: self-included vs. self-excluded measures 査読国際共著国際誌

Etsuji Suzuki, Eiji Yamamoto, Soshi Takao, Ichiro Kawachi, S. V. Subramanian

PLoS ONE 7 ( 12 ) e51717 - e51717 2012年12月

Long working hours and metabolic syndrome among Japanese men: a cross-sectional study 査読国際誌

Tomoko Kobayashi, Etsuji Suzuki, Soshi Takao, Hiroyuki Doi

BMC Public Health 12 ( 1 ) 395 2012年12月

Time changes, so do people 招待国際誌

Etsuji Suzuki

Social Science & Medicine 75 ( 3 ) 452 - 456 2012年8月

Geographic inequalities in all-cause mortality in Japan: compositional or contextual? 査読国際共著国際誌

Etsuji Suzuki, Saori Kashima, Ichiro Kawachi, S. V. Subramanian

PLoS ONE 7 ( 6 ) e39876 - e39876 2012年6月

Association between proximity to a health center and early childhood mortality in Madagascar 査読国際共著国際誌

Saori Kashima, Etsuji Suzuki, Toshiharu Okayasu, Razafimahatratra Jean Louis, Akira Eboshida, S. V. Subramanian

PLoS ONE 7 ( 6 ) e38370 - e38370 2012年6月

Clarifying the use of aggregated exposures in multilevel models: self-included vs. self-excluded measures 査読国際共著国際誌

Etsuji Suzuki, Eiji Yamamoto, Soshi Takao, Ichiro Kawachi, S. V. Subramanian

American Journal of Epidemiology 175 ( Suppl 11 ) S17 - S17 2012年6月

Do bonding and bridging social capital have differential effects on self-rated health? A community based study in Japan 査読国際共著国際誌

Toshihide Iwase, Etsuji Suzuki, Takeo Fujiwara, Soshi Takao, Hiroyuki Doi, Ichiro Kawachi

Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 66 ( 6 ) 557 - 562 2012年6月

Workplace social capital and risk of chronic and severe hypertension: a cohort study 査読国際共著国際誌

Tuula Oksanen, Ichiro Kawachi, Markus Jokela, Anne Kouvonen, Etsuji Suzuki, Soshi Takao, Marianna Virtanen, Jaana Pentti, Jussi Vahtera, Mika Kivimäki

Journal of Hypertension 30 ( 6 ) 1129 - 1136 2012年6月

Social capital and self-rated oral health among young people 査読国際共著国際誌

Michiko Furuta, Daisuke Ekuni, Soshi Takao, Etsuji Suzuki, Manabu Morita, Ichiro Kawachi

Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 40 ( 2 ) 97 - 104 2012年4月

On the relations between excess fraction, attributable fraction, and etiologic fraction 査読国際誌

Etsuji Suzuki, Eiji Yamamoto, Toshihide Tsuda

American Journal of Epidemiology 175 ( 6 ) 567 - 575 2012年3月

Social and geographic inequalities in premature adult mortality in Japan: a multilevel observational study from 1970 to 2005 査読国際共著国際誌

Etsuji Suzuki, Saori Kashima, Ichiro Kawachi, S V Subramanian

BMJ Open 2 ( 2 ) e000425 - e000425 2012年3月

Does open-air exposure to volatile organic compounds near a plastic recycling factory cause health effects? 査読国際誌

Takashi Yorifuji, Miyuki Noguchi, Toshihide Tsuda, Etsuji Suzuki, Soshi Takao, Saori Kashima, Yukio Yanagisawa

Journal of Occupational Health 54 ( 2 ) 79 - 87 2012年3月

Maternal working hours and early childhood overweight in Japan: a population-based study 査読国際誌

Toshiharu Mitsuhashi, Etsuji Suzuki, Soshi Takao, Hiroyuki Doi

Journal of Occupational Health 54 ( 1 ) 25 - 33 2012年1月

Weighing up the dead and missing: reflections on inverse-probability weighting and principal stratification to address truncation by death 招待国際共著国際誌

Basile Chaix, David Evans, Juan Merlo, Etsuji Suzuki

Epidemiology 23 ( 1 ) 129 - 131 2012年1月

The usefulness of pre-radiofrequency ablation SUV_max in ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT to predict the risk of a local recurrence of malignant lung tumors after lung radiofrequency ablation 査読国際誌

Sosuke Harada, Shuhei Sato, Etsuji Suzuki, Yoshihiro Okumura, Takao Hiraki, Hideo Gobara, Hidefumi Mimura, Susumu Kanazawa, Mitsumasa Kaji, Toshiyoshi Fujiwara

Acta Medica Okayama 65 ( 6 ) 395 - 402 2011年12月

Workplace social capital and adherence to antihypertensive medication: a cohort study 査読国際共著国際誌

Tuula Oksanen, Ichiro Kawachi, Anne Kouvonen, Etsuji Suzuki, Soshi Takao, Noora Sjösten, Marianna Virtanen, Jaana Pentti, Jussi Vahtera, Mika Kivimäki

PLoS ONE 6 ( 9 ) e24732 - e24732 2011年9月

Workplace social capital and all-cause mortality: A prospective cohort study of 28043 public-sector employees in Finland 査読国際共著国際誌

Tuula Oksanen, Mika Kivimäki, Ichiro Kawachi, S. V. Subramanian, Soshi Takao, Etsuji Suzuki, Anne Kouvonen, Jaana Pentti, Paula Salo, Marianna Virtanen, Jussi Vahtera

American Journal of Public Health 101 ( 9 ) 1742 - 1748 2011年9月

Identification of operating mediation and mechanism in the sufficient-component cause framework 査読国際誌

Etsuji Suzuki, Eiji Yamamoto, Toshihide Tsuda

American Journal of Epidemiology 173 ( Suppl 11 ) S184 - S184 2011年6月

On the link between sufficient-cause model and potential-outcome model 査読国際誌

Etsuji Suzuki, Eiji Yamamoto, Toshihide Tsuda

American Journal of Epidemiology 173 ( Suppl 11 ) S271 - S271 2011年6月

Identification of operating mediation and mechanism in the sufficient-component cause framework 査読国際誌

Etsuji Suzuki, Eiji Yamamoto, Toshihide Tsuda

European Journal of Epidemiology 26 ( 5 ) 347 - 357 2011年5月

Outbreak of Salmonella Braenderup infection originating in boxed lunches in Japan in 2008 査読国際誌

Yoshinori Mizoguchi, Etsuji Suzuki, Hiroaki Tsuchida, Toshihide Tsuda, Eiji Yamamoto, Katsumi Nakase, Hiroyuki Doi

Acta Medica Okayama 65 ( 2 ) 63 - 69 2011年4月

Environmental factors and seasonal influenza onset in Okayama city, Japan: case-crossover study 査読国際誌

Yuuki Tsuchihashi, Takashi Yorifuji, Soshi Takao, Etsuji Suzuki, Shigeru Mori, Hiroyuki Doi, Toshihide Tsuda

Acta Medica Okayama 65 ( 2 ) 97 - 103 2011年4月

The local efficacy of I-131 for F-18 FDG PET positive lesions in patients with recurrent or metastatic thyroid carcinomas 査読国際誌

Kotaro Yoshio, Shuhei Sato, Yoshihiro Okumura, Kuniaki Katsui, Mitsuhiro Takemoto, Etsuji Suzuki, Norihisa Katayama, Mitsumasa Kaji, Susumu Kanazawa

Clinical Nuclear Medicine 36 ( 2 ) 113 - 117 2011年2月

On the link between sufficient-cause model and potential-outcome model 査読国際誌

Etsuji Suzuki, Eiji Yamamoto, Toshihide Tsuda

Epidemiology 22 ( 1 ) 131 - 132 2011年1月

Association between poor performance status and risk for toxicity during erlotinib monotherapy in Japanese patients with non-small cell lung cancer: Okayama Lung Cancer Study Group experience 査読国際誌

Katsuyuki Hotta, Katsuyuki Kiura, Nagio Takigawa, Etsuji Suzuki, Hiroshige Yoshioka, Toshiaki Okada, Daizo Kishino, Hiroshi Ueoka, Koji Inoue, Masahiro Tabata, Mitsune Tanimoto

Lung Cancer 70 ( 3 ) 308 - 312 2010年12月

Oseltamivir and abnormal behaviors 招待国際誌

Takashi Yorifuji, Etsuji Suzuki, Toshihide Tsuda

Epidemiology 21 ( 6 ) 916 - 916 2010年11月

Does social capital promote physical activity? A population-based study in Japan 査読国際共著国際誌

Kazumune Ueshima, Takeo Fujiwara, Soshi Takao, Etsuji Suzuki, Toshihide Iwase, Hiroyuki Doi, S. V. Subramanian, Ichiro Kawachi

PLoS ONE 5 ( 8 ) e12135 - e12135 2010年8月

Multi-level, cross-sectional study of workplace social capital and smoking among Japanese employees 査読国際共著国際誌

Etsuji Suzuki, Takeo Fujiwara, Soshi Takao, S. V. Subramanian, Eiji Yamamoto, Ichiro Kawachi

BMC Public Health 10 489 - 489 2010年8月

Increased risk of lung cancer mortality among residents near an asbestos product manufacturing plant 査読国際誌

Shinji Kumagai, Norio Kurumatani, Toshihide Tsuda, Takashi Yorifuji, Etsuji Suzuki

International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health 16 ( 3 ) 268 - 278 2010年7月

Lung function and blood markers of nutritional status in non-COPD aging men with smoking history: A cross-sectional study 査読国際誌

Nobuyoshi Shiozawa, Kanae Hayashimoto, Etsuji Suzuki, Hiroshi Kikuchi, Shingo Takata, Kozo Ashida, Masutaka Watanabe, Yasuhiro Hosaki, Fumihiro Mitsunobu

International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 5 233 - 233 2010年7月

Does low workplace social capital have detrimental effect on workers’ health? 査読国際共著国際誌

Etsuji Suzuki, Soshi Takao, S. V. Subramanian, Hirokazu Komatsu, Hiroyuki Doi, Ichiro Kawachi

Social Science & Medicine 70 ( 9 ) 1367 - 1372 2010年5月

Physical activity and mortality risk in the Japanese elderly: A cohort study 査読国際誌

Kazumune Ueshima, Kazuko Ishikawa-Takata, Takashi Yorifuji, Etsuji Suzuki, Saori Kashima, Soshi Takao, Masumi Sugiyama, Toshiki Ohta, Hiroyuki Doi

American Journal of Preventive Medicine 38 ( 4 ) 410 - 418 2010年4月

Long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution and mortality in Shizuoka, Japan 査読国際誌

Takashi Yorifuji, Saori Kashima, Toshihide Tsuda, Soshi Takao, Etsuji Suzuki, Hiroyuki Doi, Masumi Sugiyama, Kazuko Ishikawa-Takata, Toshiki Ohta

Occupational and Environmental Medicine 67 ( 2 ) 111 - 117 2010年2月

Yorifuji T, Tsuda T, Kashima S, Suzuki E, Doi H

BMJ 2009年12月

臨床医のための疫学シリーズ：地域中核病院で行う臨床研究第5回：臨床研究における統計学の役割（疫学各論4）招待

小松裕和, 鈴木越治, 土居弘幸

日本救急医学会雑誌 20 ( 10 ) 851 - 859 2009年10月

記述言語：日本語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Japanese Association for Acute Medicine

臨床研究に必要な統計的知識としては，基本属性の比較を行うにあたって「どの場合にどの検定を用いればよいか」がまず整理できることと，「交絡要因の調整」に用いられる多変量解析としてロジスティック回帰分析を理解することが基本となる。そして，臨床研究では生存期間をアウトカムとして用いる研究が多いことから，生存解析についての知識を習得することも必要である。基本属性の比較にあたっては，各種変数が「連続量変数」か「カテゴリー変数」か理解し，「2グループ」で比較するのか「3グループ以上」で比較するかによって用いる検定を決定する。ロジスティック回帰分析はアウトカムが二値の場合に用いられることが多く，曝露の影響をオッズ比として推定することができる。一方，生存解析で用いるCox比例ハザードモデルでは曝露の影響をハザード比として推定することができる。忙しい臨床のなかで臨床研究の知識を身につけるには，「疫学をしっかりと勉強してから，必要な統計的知識を増やしていくこと」が効率的であろう。

DOI： 10.3893/jjaam.20.851

医学における因果推論第二部―交絡要因の選択とバイアスの整理および仮説の具体化に役立つDirected Acyclic Graph 査読

その他リンク： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2010080209

Green tea consumption and mortality among Japanese elderly people: The Prospective Shizuoka Elderly Cohort 査読国際誌

Etsuji Suzuki, Takashi Yorifuji, Soshi Takao, Hirokazu Komatsu, Masumi Sugiyama, Toshiki Ohta, Kazuko Ishikawa-Takata, Hiroyuki Doi

Annals of Epidemiology 19 ( 10 ) 732 - 739 2009年10月

Work-based social networks and health status among Japanese employees 査読国際共著国際誌

Etsuji Suzuki, Soshi Takao, S V Subramanian, Hiroyuki Doi, Ichiro Kawachi

Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 63 ( 9 ) 692 - 696 2009年9月

鈴木越治, 小松裕和, 頼藤貴志, 山本英二, 土居弘幸, 津田敏秀

日本衛生学雑誌 64 ( 4 ) 796 - 805 2009年9月

担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者記述言語：日本語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：日本衛生学会

Confounding is frequently a primary concern in epidemiological studies. With the increasing complexity of hypothesized relationships among exposures, outcomes, and covariates, it becomes very difficult to present these hypotheses lucidly and comprehensively. Graphical models are of great benefit in this regard. In this article, we focuse on directed acyclic graphs (DAGs), and review their value for confounder selection, categorization of potential biases, and hypothesis specification. We also discuss the importance of considering causal structures before selecting the covariates to be included in a statistical model and the potential biases introduced by inappropriately adjusting statistical models for covariates. DAGs are nonparametric and qualitative tools for visualizing research hypotheses regarding an exposure, an outcome, and covariates. Causal structures represented in DAGs will rarely be perfectly "correct" owing to the uncertainty about the underlying causal relationships. Nevertheless, to the extent that using DAGs forces greater clarity about causal assumptions, we are able to consider key sources of bias and uncertainty when interpreting study results. In summary, in this article, we review the following three points. (1) Although researchers have not adopted a consistent definition of confounders, using DAGs and the rules of d-separation we are able to identify clearly which variables we must condition on or adjust for in order to test a causal hypothesis under a set of causal assumptions. (2) We also show that DAGs should accurately correspond to research hypotheses of interest. To obtain a valid causal interpretation, research hypotheses should be defined explicitly from the perspective of a counterfactual model before drawing DAGs. A proper interpretation of the coefficients of a statistical model for addressing a specific research hypothesis relies on an accurate specification of a causal DAG reflecting the underlying causal structure. Unless DAGs correspond to research hypotheses, we cannot reliably reach proper conclusions testing the research hypotheses. Finally, (3) we have briefly reviewed other approaches to causal inference, and illustrate how these models are connected.<br>

DOI： 10.1265/jjh.64.796

臨床医のための疫学シリーズ：地域中核病院で行う臨床研究第2回：疫学用語の確認と論文の読み方（疫学各論１）招待

その他リンク： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00337274259?from=CiNii

臨床医のための疫学シリーズ：地域中核病院で行う臨床研究第４回：バイアスの考え方，結果の解釈の仕方（疫学各論3）招待

小松裕和, 鈴木越治, 土居弘幸

日本救急医学会雑誌 20 ( 9 ) 794 - 800 2009年9月

医学における因果推論第一部―研究と実践での議論を明瞭にするための反事実モデル査読

鈴木越治, 小松裕和, 頼藤貴志, 山本英二, 土居弘幸, 津田敏秀

日本衛生学雑誌 64 ( 4 ) 786 - 795 2009年9月

Sleep duration, sleep quality and cardiovascular disease mortality among the elderly: A population-based cohort study 査読国際誌

Etsuji Suzuki, Takashi Yorifuji, Kazumune Ueshima, Soshi Takao, Masumi Sugiyama, Toshiki Ohta, Kazuko Ishikawa-Takata, Hiroyuki Doi

Preventive Medicine 49 ( 2-3 ) 135 - 141 2009年8月

Oseltamivir and abnormal behaviors: true or not? 査読国際誌

Takashi Yorifuji, Etsuji Suzuki, Toshihide Tsuda

Epidemiology 20 ( 4 ) 619 - 621 2009年7月

臨床医のための疫学シリーズ：地域中核病院で行う臨床研究第3回：研究仮説の立て方とDirected Acyclic Graph（疫学各論2）招待

小松裕和, 鈴木越治, 土居弘幸

日本救急医学会雑誌 20 ( 7 ) 397 - 403 2009年7月

Sleep duration, sleep quality and cardiovascular disease mortality among the elderly: a population-based cohort study 査読国際誌

Etsuji Suzuki, Takashi Yorifuji, Kazumune Ueshima, Soshi Takao, Masumi Sugiyama, Hiroyuki Doi

American Journal of Epidemiology 169 ( Suppl 11 ) S92 - S92 2009年6月

小松裕和, 鈴木越治, 土居弘幸

日本救急医学会雑誌 20 ( 6 ) 338 - 344 2009年6月

記述言語：日本語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Japanese Association for Acute Medicine

論文の読み方（批判的吟味critical appraisal）は研究を行う上で基本的な技術であり，最近ではEBMの実践にあたり臨床医にも求められる能力になっている。論文を読むことを苦手とする臨床医は非常に多いが，筆者らは疫学の基本的知識と論文の書き方について勉強することが，論文を読む技術を習得する一番の近道ではないかと考えている。疫学の基本的知識としては，曝露（治療）のアウトカムへの影響を定量的に推定するために必要な疫学指標と効果指標についての理解，バイアスを考えるのに必要な研究デザインについての理解が非常に重要である。一方，論文の読み方に関しては，論文の段落構造を理解し，段落ごとに読んでいく「パラグラフリーディング」が行えるようになれば，論文を読む効率は飛躍的に向上する。そして，論文の書き方に関する各種ガイドラインを参考にしながら，論文を読んでいくことは一番のトレーニングである。

DOI： 10.3893/jjaam.20.338