記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：BIOMED CENTRAL LTD  

Background: It is vital to reduce the proportion of sedentary behavior in children. Understanding the duration and behavioral context is needed. The present study examined school-grade and sex differences in domain-specific sedentary times and concurrence with screen-time guidelines among Japanese elementary school children.
Methods: A total of 625 children (330 boys) were surveyed in 2010 and 2014. Using a questionnaire, data regarding participants' grade (first through third grades: lower grades; fourth through six grades: higher grades), sex, weight, and height were collected in addition to the time spent per day engaging in each specific sedentary behavior separately: (1) reading or listening to music, (2) TV or video viewing, (3) TV game use, (4) internet use excluding class, (5) homework, and (6) car travel. Two-way analysis of covariance and logistic regression analyses, adjusted for BMI and moderate to vigorous physical activity, were used to examine school-grade and sex differences in sedentary behaviors and the independent risk of exceeding recommended total daily screen time (< 2 h).
Results: On 625 children, mean minutes (SD) of sedentary behavior per week in (1) - (6) were 90.3 (123.4), 535.0 (356.6), 167.3 (222.1), 23.9 (70.9), 264.9 (185.3), and 33.4 (61.2) in weekdays and 42.1 (70.0), 323.9 (232.0), 123.0 (96.4), 15.8 (49.9), 74.4 (96.4), and 71.3 (84.9) in weekends, respectively. There were differences in the minutes of sedentary behavior between participants of 2010 and 2014; e.g., TV game use and homework in weekdays and weekdays and car travel in weekends. Boys spent more time in TV game use, and girls spent more time reading, listening to music, doing homework, and car travel. Higher-grade students spent more time reading or listening to music, using a computer, and doing homework. Higher-grade students were 2.09 times (95% CI: 1.32 - 3.30) in whole week, 2.08 times (95% CI: 1.45 - 3.00) in weekday, and 1.88 times (95% CI: 1.29 - 2.74) in weekend more likely to spend >= 2 h per day in domains (2) - (4) (screen-time) than lower-grade students.
Conclusions: Time spent engaging in each domain-specific sedentary behavior differed according to sex and school grade. Higher-grade students were less likely to meet screen-time guidelines. These findings highlight the need for domain-focused strategies to decrease sedentary behavior in Japanese school-age children.

DOI： 10.1186/s12889-017-4221-z

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人日本体力医学会  

DOI： 10.7600/jspfsm.66.66

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC  

Data on the effect of increased or decreased physical activity on children's psychological status are scarce, and effect sizes are small. This study conducted two-year longitudinal research to identify associations between physical activity, sedentary behavior, and psychological well-being in Japanese school children through a mail survey completed by 292 children aged 6-12 years. Data on sociodemographics, physical activity, sedentary behavior on weekdays and the weekend, and psychometrics (self-efficacy, anxiety, and behavioral/emotional problems) were collected using a self-reported questionnaire. A logistic regression analysis was performed, calculating odds ratios for physical activity, psychometrics, and baseline age and physical activity and sedentary behavior changes. For boys, a negative association was found between increased physical activity outside school and maintained or improved self-efficacy as opposed to a positive association in girls. Increased sedentary behavior on weekdays and long periods of sedentary behavior on weekends were associated with maintained or improved behavioral/emotional problems in girls only. This two-year longitudinal study is the first of its kind conducted in Japan. Although effect sizes were small, these results may nevertheless assist in intervention development to promote psychological well-being.

DOI： 10.1177/0031512516662645

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本体力医学会  

DOI： 10.7600/jspfsm.65.265

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine  

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between activity levels assessed by a uniaxial accelerometer and metabolic equivalents (METs) during walking and running in school students. The participants were elementary (10 boys, 10.3 ± 0.8 years), middle (10 boys, 13.0 ± 0.9 years) and high school students (10 boys, 15.7 ± 0.7 years) who performed treadmill walking (1, 3, and 5 km/h respectively) and running (5, 7, and 9 km/h respectively) trials. Activity levels were assessed using a uniaxial accelerometer (Lifecorder EX
Suzuken Co. Ltd., Nagoya, Japan). Energy expenditure was measured by indirect calorimetry. METs and activity levels indicated by Lifecorder were highly correlated in elementary (y = 0.0432x2 + 0.0914x + 1.786, r = 0.883, p &lt
0.05), middle (y = 0.0781x2 - 0.0262x + 2.1098, r = 0.913, p &lt
0.05), and high (y = 0.0516x2 + 0.1863x + 1.7812, r = 0.876, p &lt
0.05) school students. We confirmed that higher accuracy showed LC5, LC4, and LC4 for elementary, middle, and high school students, respectively. In conclusion, this study suggests that Lifecorder intensity for ≥3 METs physical activity indicate ≥5, ≥4, and ≥4 for elementary, middle, and high school students, respectively.

DOI： 10.7600/jspfsm.65.265

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：BIOMED CENTRAL LTD  

Background: Physical activity levels in childhood have decreased, making the promotion of children's physical activity an important issue. The present study examined gender and grade differences in objectively measured sedentary behavior, physical activity, and physical activity guideline attainment among Japanese children and adolescents.
Methods: In total, 329 boys and 362 girls age 3-15 years completed the survey. School grade, gender, height, and weight were collected by questionnaires and physical activity objectively measured using an accelerometer (Lifecorder Suzuken Co.). Physical activity level (in MET) was classified as sedentary (<1.5), light (>= 1.5 to <3), moderate (>= 3 to <6), or vigorous (>= 6). Continuous zero accelerometer counts for >= 20 min were censored and a valid accelerometry study required at least 3 days (2 weekdays and 1 weekend day) with >600 min/day total wear time. Two-way analysis of covariance and logistic regression analyses, adjusted for weight status and accelerometer wear time, were used to examine gender and grade differences in physical activity variables and the likelihood of physical activity guideline attainment by gender and grade level.
Results: Participants were sedentary 441.4 (SD, 140.1) min/day or 53.7 % of the average daily accelerometer wear time of 811.2 (118.7) min, engaged in light physical activity 307.1 (70.0) min or 38.4 % of wear time, moderate physical activity 34.6 (14.8) min (4.3 %), vigorous physical activity 28.3 (19.1) min (3.6 %), and took 12462.6 (4452.5) steps/day. Boys were more physically active and took more steps/day than girls. Students in higher grades were less active than those in lower grades. Boys were significantly more likely to meet physical activity guidelines than girls (OR: 2.07, 95 % CI: 1.45-2.96). Preschoolers (6.66, 4.01-11.06), lower-grade elementary school students (17.11, 8.80-33.27), and higher-grade elementary school students (7.49, 4.71-11.92) were more likely to meet guidelines than junior high school students.
Conclusions: Boys and lower-grade students engaged in more physical activity and were more likely to attain guidelines than girls and higher-grade students. These findings highlight the need for effective and sustainable strategies to promote physical activity in Japanese school children.

DOI： 10.1186/s12889-015-2607-3

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本発育発達学会  

本研究では、地方都市郊外の公立小学校児童を対象として、不登校の定義に至らない多日数欠席の該当する児童の特徴を生活習慣、身体活動特性および心理的特性の側面から把握するとともに、体力・スクリーンタイムの2つの身体活動特性および心理的特性が多日数欠席といかに関連するかを検討した。その結果、多日数欠席児童の特徴として、生活習慣にかかる問題(朝食欠食・遅い起床時間)に加え、低体力および長いスクリーンタイムといった身体活動特性および抑鬱・不安症状と主観的な学業不振感という好ましくない心理的特性が認められた。さらに、関連項目を調整しても、体力およびスクリーンタイムは互いに依存することなく個々に多日数欠席と関連していた。

DOI： 10.5332/hatsuhatsu.2015.69_14

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE  

Associations between body mass index (BMI), peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), and metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk factors have not been adequately studied in Japanese children. Here the relationships between these parameters and the threshold aerobic fitness level necessary for low MetS risk were determined. The participants (299 children; 140 boys and 159 girls, aged 9.1 +/- 0.3 years) were divided into four groups using the medians of predicted VO2peak (pVO2peak) and BMI. MetS risk scores were calculated using z-scores. Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis was used to determine the threshold aerobic fitness level necessary for low MetS risk. The MetS risk score of the High BMI group was significantly higher than that of the Low BMI group for both sexes (p < 0.0001). However, the High BMI/High Fitness group had a significantly lower MetS risk score than the High BMI/Low Fitness group for both sexes. The pVO2peak cut-off values for low MetS risk were 47.9 and 44.9 ml/kg/min for boys and girls, respectively. Our results suggest that improvements in both fatness and aerobic fitness are important for decreasing MetS risk. We also confirmed the pVO2peak of cut-off values necessary for low MetS risk in Japanese children.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0127400

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本体力医学会  

都市階級区分の中で最小クラスの「小都市」に所在する公立小学校(A校)の4〜6年生147名と、同区分で最大クラスの「指定都市」に所在する私立小学校(B校)の4〜6年生118名を対象に検討し、以下の結果を得た。1)A校は体力が全国レベルよりも低い児童の割合がB校に比べて高かった。2)スクリーンタイム(テレビ・ビデオ視聴やゲーム・パソコン操作の時間)はA校がB校に比べて有意に長かった。3)心理的ストレス反応の高い児童の割合がA校で有意に高かった。4)肥満と判定された児童の割合がA校で有意に高かった。5)課外活動として塾・文化系教室に参加している割合はB校が有意に高かった。6)運動系教室に参加している割合に有意差はなかったが、参加児童における週あたりの活動時間はA校が有意に長かった。7)体力レベルが低いほどスクリーンタイムが有意に長かった。8)心理的ストレス反応下位尺度の[抑うつ・不安症状]とスクリーンタイムとの間に有意な関連が認められた。9)同下位尺度の[無力感]と体力レベルとの間に有意な関連が認められた。

DOI： 10.7600/jspfsm.64.195

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：兵庫教育大学大学院連合学校教育学研究科  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：岡山大学大学院教育学研究科  

本研究では小学生を対象に，意図的にゆっくり走る「スロージョギング」を体育授業に導入する可能性について教育実践的に検討した。研究①では，小学1年から6年生140人を対象に，1回の授業（走行時間は学年に応じて8分～12分，走るスピードは時速4km）を実践し，授業前には形態，体力，運動が好きか嫌いかの調査を，授業前後には持久走に対するイメージ調査（楽か，楽しいか，気持ちいいかをそれぞれ4点満点で評価）を行った。研究②では，小学5年生27人を対象に，3時間（1時目は時速6キロのスピードで5分間を2回，2時目は時速6キロのスピードで続けて15分間，3時目は自分に合っていると思うゆったりしたペースで続けて15分間走る）の単元を組んで授業を行い，単元前後で研究①と同様の持久走に対するイメージ調査と20mシャトルランを行った。その結果，単元（授業）前に比べ後で，持久走に対するイメージが肯定的に変化したことに加え，運動嫌い，低体力や肥満傾向の児童においてこの傾向が顕著であった。また，単元前に比べ後でシャトルラン回数が有意に増え，単元前のシャトルラン回数が少なく有酸素的体力が低い児童ほど単元後に回数が増えていた。

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：WILEY-BLACKWELL  

BACKGROUNDPhysical activity is beneficial for adolescent health. The physical activity patterns of Japanese adolescents are relatively unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the current patterns of physical activity and to identify sex and grade differences among them.
METHODSThe participants comprised 714 Japanese adolescents aged 12 to 15years old (boys N=372, girls N=342) from a public junior high school in Okayama, Japan. Physical activity at school, outside of school after hours, and during lunch recess as well as the total leisure time in a usual week was assessed with a 5-item questionnaire. To assess the differences in the physical activity patterns by sex and grade, independent t tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were conducted, respectively.
RESULTSBoys spent significantly more time in physical activity both inside and outside of school settings than girls (p<.05). Higher grade students were significantly less active than lower grade students (p<.05). Furthermore, the physical activity patterns across the grades differed between settings (at school, outside of school during the after-school period, lunchtime recess, and at home).
CONCLUSIONTo increase physical activity levels among Japanese adolescents, implementation of after-school programs or environmental modifications developed within the school setting could be effective strategies.

DOI： 10.1111/josh.12074

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：岡山大学大学院教育学研究科  

In this study we examined the association between longitudinal changes in schoolchildren＇sphysical strength with their build, health habits, and psychophysical health index scores.Students (n= 195) were followed for three years, from the fifth to the eighth grade. Setting as abaseline the students＇ results on the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science andTechnology＇s new physical strength test, we extracted data on those students whose physicalstrength relatively improved (improved group: 28 boys, 53 girls) and on those whose strengthrelatively declined (declined group: 15 boys, 16 girls). Build, health habits, and psychophysicalhealth index scores were compared between the two groups. It was found that, although therewere no significant differences in eating habits or sleeping habits between the two groups,compared to the improved group, the declined group was more likely to be either obese orunderweight, have short durations of intense exercise and total exercise, and longer duration ofwatching television or videos. The declined group also showed poorer psychological healthstatus, such as lower self-efficacy and higher anxiety. These findings indicate that children with good exercise habits, such as consistentlyengaging in a adequate physical activities that include intense exercise, will have improvedphysical strength outcome over time, whereas those children with few regular exercise habitsand whose strength will not improve over time, will show outcomes such as polarization ofbody weight (obesity and underweight tendencies) and poorer psychological health status.

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：京都文教大学  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人日本体力医学会  

The purpose of this study was to assess daily physical activity and time spent on activities of various intensities, and to examine the relationship between daily physical activity and physical fitness in junior high school students. The subjects were 314 junior high school students (135 boys, 179 girls, 14.0±0.1 years). Daily physical activity was evaluated using accelerometers that they wore around the waist for 10 days. The accelerometers calculated steps and time spent on activities of vigorous intensity (LC7-9: higher intensity than brisk walking). A physical fitness test (8 items) was employed to evaluate the fitness of pupils. The total accelerometer steps (counts/day) were 13772±4764 for boys and 11209±2636 for girls on weekdays, and 8311±4743 for boys and 7159±3338 for girls on weekends, respectively. On weekdays, time spent on activities with an intensity of LC7-9 (minutes/day) was 18±17 for boys and 11±7 for girls. Positive associations were found between physical fitness and daily physical activities in the case of many items. The fitness test score was significantly more highly correlated with LC7-9 than with LC1-6 in boys and girls. In the case of eighth graders, in order to reach a score of B in the physical fitness test, it was suggested that the total steps and time spent on activities with an intensity of LC7-9 may be needed at least 13000 steps and 20 minutes in boys, and 10000 steps and 10 minutes in girls, respectively.

DOI： 10.7600/jspfsm.60.287

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本発育発達学会  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人日本体力医学会  

The purpose of present study was to examine validity of pedometer with accelerometer (Lifecorder-EX ; LC) and to assess the daily physical activity (PA) of Japanese junior high school students by LC method. Firstly, to examine validity of LC, ten students (13.6±0.5 years old) wearing LC on their waists performed the walking and running tests. Energy expenditure was measured by the expired gas analysis method during the tests. The results showed that the activity level of LC had a high correlation with the exercise intensity (VO<sub>2</sub> : r=0.948, METs : r=0.931), and it was from 7 to 9 (LC7－9) in the more intense activity than running. Secondly, PA of 206 boys and 220 girls aged 12－15 years were measured using LC. Step counts and activity time of LC7－9 each were 9500－15000 counts and 10－19 minutes on weekdays, and 6500－10000 counts and 5－12 minutes on weekends. PA analyzed by MANOVA were lower on weekends than on weekdays, and decreased in proportion as grade, and that of boys were significantly higher than that of girls. Present study suggests that LC method is a good way of measuring PA for junior high school students in free-living condition.

DOI： 10.7600/jspfsm.58.275

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人日本体力医学会  

The purpose of this study was to assess daily physical activity and time spent on activities of various intensities, and to examine the relationship between daily physical activity and physical fitness in elementary school children. Subjects were 288 elementary school children (140 boys, 148 girls, 9.6±0.5 years). Daily physical activity was evaluated by accelerometers, worn around the waist for 10 days. Accelerometers calculated steps and vigorous intensity time (LC7-9: higher intensity than brisk walking). A physical fitness test (8 items) was applied to evaluate fitness in pupils. Total accelerometer steps (counts/day) were 18333±3869 for boys and 13957±2970 for girls on weekdays, and 11932±4827 for boys and 9767±4542 for girls on weekends, respectively. Time spent in LC7-9 (minutes/day) was 31±12 for boys and 20±7 for girls on weekdays. Positive associations were found between physical fitness and daily physical activities for many items. Above all, there was a relatively strong correlation between aerobic capacity and LC7-9 time. On the other hand, the correlations were low among girls. For fourth graders, in order to reach a B rank score in the physical fitness test, it was suggested that the total steps and LC7-9 time required at least 17000 steps, 30 minutes in boys, and 13000 steps, 20 minutes in girls, respectively.

DOI： 10.7600/jspfsm.58.295

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：兵庫教育大学大学院連合学校教育学研究科  

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DOI： 10.5432/jjpehss.a540209

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本発育発達学会  

This study aims to examine children's physical activity with accelerometer by evaluating daily steps and activity time of walking and running classified by accelerometer's intensity, and to create basic data for standard values of appropriate children's daily activity.<br>The result showed that the means of daily step counts (steps day) are 10, 000-15, 000. The activity time of walking (recorded as 1-6) is 90-120 minutes/day, and above running (recorded as 7-9) is 15-27 minutes/day. MANOVA analysis of physical activity parameter show significant between boys and girls (walk counts: F=7.27, p<0.01, LC1-6: F=9.37, p<0.01), weekday and weekend (walk counts: F=146.39, p<0.0001, LC1-6: F=107.71, p<0.0001, LC7-9: F=158.23, p<0.0001).<br>But it did not show significant difference between ages. Overall, it is shown that activity volume and intensity are smaller for girls than for boys, and on holidays than weekdays. The interaction was not significant between every combination.

DOI： 10.5332/hatsuhatsu.2008.39_1

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：日本体力医学会  

The purposes of this study were to investigate the relationships between physical activity variables and physical fitness, and between amount and intensity of physical activity in children and adolescents. Subjects were divided into two groups : 178 children(99 boys aged 9.8±0.6 and 79 girls aged 9.7±0.6) who had not reached the age of peak height velocity(PHV), and 336 adolescents(141 boys aged 15.0±1.1 and 195 girls aged 15.3±1.2) who had reached the age of PHV. Physical activity level(PAL : total energy expenditure/basal metabolic rate) which indicates the amount of physical activity, and time engaged in each of physical activity intensity(light, moderate and vigorous), which indicates the intensity of physical activity were estimated from uni-axial accelerometer. Physical activity was monitored for 3 consecutives days : 2 weekday and 1 weekend day. Moreover, physical fitness test suggested by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology was applied. Results of this study showed that PAL was closely related to physical fitness in children, while time engaged in vigorous activity was more related to physical fitness in adolescents. On the other hand, time engaged in light and moderate activity was closely associated with PAL in younger girls, whereas in younger boys, PAL was closely related to time engaged in moderate and vigorous activity. However, time engaged in moderate activity was more related to PAL in the adolescent group. These results suggest that the relationship between physical activity variables and physical fitness and between amount and intensity of physical activity might vary according to the growth development of boys and girls respectively.

DOI： 10.7600/jspfsm.56.327

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：日本体力医学会  

The purpose of present study was to examine validity of accelerometer(Lifecorder ; LC) and to assess the free-living physical activity(PA) in Japanese elementary school students used by LC method. Firstly, to examine validity of LC, twelve children, aged 11.2±1.0 years, were measured total energy expenditure(TEE) by doubly labeled water method and resting energy expenditure (REE) by the expired gas analysis. Physical activity energy expenditure(PAEE) is calculated as 0.9 TEE minus REE. At the same time, PA was evaluated by both daily walk count(WC) and vigorous activity time(LC7-9) using LC method. PAEE per 1kg body weight significantly correlated with WC(r=0.785, p<0.005) and LC7-9(r=0.828, p<0.001). Secondly, 140 boys and 167 girls, aged 8-11 years were measured PA by LC method. WC and LC7-9 each were 13000-18000 counts and 16-32 minutes in week-day, and 8000-12500 counts and 8-18 minutes in week-end. PA analyzed by MANOVA were significantly higher in boys than in girls, and lower in week-end than in week-day, and decreased in proportion as grade. Present study suggests that LC method is a good measure of PA in free-living condition for elementary school students.

DOI： 10.7600/jspfsm.56.347

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本肥満学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：岡山大学教育学部  

The purpose of this study was to clarify physical fitness(PF) characteristics of obese and lean adolescent classified by combining somatotype, and body composition. Somatotype were measured by obesity index from weight and height measurement. Body composition given as percentage body fat was calculated by measuring skinfold thickness. The measurement of PF consisted of 12 tests. In addition, comparison were made in each somatotype group between the high percentage body fat group and the normal group. PF were lower in overweight or underweight group than in normalweight group. At overweight and normalweight groups, the high percentage body fat group attained scored lower in most PF test items. However, at underweight group, normal percentage body fat group attained scored lower in 6-7 items.

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DOI： 10.7600/jspfsm.56.327

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：高梁学園吉備国際大学保健福祉研究所  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：岡山大学教育学部  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：岡山大学教育学部  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：岡山大学教育学部  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：島根大学  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：岡山大学教育学部  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：島根医科大学  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：岡山大学  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：第一法規出版  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：岡山大学  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：日本体力医学会  

This study was carried out to compare the nutrient intake, urinary excretion of mineral (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, Cu), and the ratios of creatinine (Cr), body mass index (BMI) and basal metabolic rate (BMR) to the amount of mineral in 24-hour urine between both the male university students with few exercise (non-exercisers) and male university distance runners. The propriety of ratios of Cr, BMI and BMR was also examined in order to estimate intake of mineral for the male university distance runners. There were no significant differences in the intakes of energy, protein and carbohydrate between the both groups of subjects, and those major nutrients were at reasonable levels for the both groups of subjects. On the other hand, neither the intake levels of VB_6, Ca, Mg, and Cu in the non-exercisers, nor niacin, Mg and Cu in the male university distance runners reached the level of Recommended Dietary Allowance for the Japanese. The intakes of retinol, VB_1, VB_6 and Ca were higher in the male university distance runners than in the non-exercisers. The urinary excretion and excretion ratio to intake of Zn, excretion ratio of Na, ratios of Cr, BMI and BMR of Zn, and Cr ratio of Na were higher in the non-exercisers than those in the male university distance runners. So as to achive the same levels of Cr ratios of Ca and Zn as the non-exercisers, the male university long distance runners should take larger amounts of those minerals than the non-exercisers. It was suggested that the ratio of BMR rather than that of Cr ratio to urinary excretion of mineral would be suitable for the estimation of a desirable intake level of mineral for the male university distance runners.

DOI： 10.7600/jspfsm1949.50.79

Web of Science

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.7600/jspfsm1949.50.79

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：岡山大学教育学部  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：岡山大学  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本教育大学協会第二常置委員会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：岡山大学  

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記述言語：日本語  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本教育大学協会第二常置委員会  

CiNii Article

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：岡山大学  

CiNii Article

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：岡山大学  

CiNii Article

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：岡山大学教育学部  

CiNii Article

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.3109/10641969409072219

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：BLACKWELL SCIENCE  

1. Free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) and Mg2+ ([Mg2+]i) were measured in peripheral lymphocytes from stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) at the age of 5, 7 and 17 weeks, from various antihypertensive agents-treated SHRSP, and from secondary hypertensive WKY.
2. At the age of 5 weeks, no difference was observed in systolic blood pressure (SBP), or lymphocyte [Ca2+]i and [Mg2+]i between SHRSP and WKY. At the age of 7 or 17 weeks, SBP and [Ca2+]i of SHRSP were significantly higher than in WKY, and at the age of 17 weeks, [Mg2+]i of SHRSP was significantly lower than in WKY. Further, [Ca2+]i or [Mg2+]i was positively or negatively correlated to SBP, and [Mg2+]i was negatively correlated to [Ca2+]i .
3. SBP of SHRSP fell significantly after antihypertensive treatment with calcium antagonist, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or hydralazine for 40 days. [Ca2+]i was significantly lower in calcium antagonist and hydralazine groups, and tended to be low in ACE inhibitor group. These four groups showed no difference in [Mg2+]i.
4. After 40-day administration of N(G)-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), WKY developed severe hypertension, but there were no significant differences in lymphocyte [Ca2+]i and [Mg2+]i between the L-NNA treated and non-treated groups.
5. These results suggested that increased lymphocyte [Ca2+]i and decreased [Mg2+]i observed in SHRSP are not only secondary to hypertension but possibly related to a basic genetic abnormality of divalent cation handling.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1440-1681.1993.tb01745.x

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PubMed

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：BLACKWELL SCIENCE  

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記述言語：日本語  

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記述言語：日本語  

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記述言語：日本語  

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記述言語：日本語  

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記述言語：日本語  

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記述言語：日本語  

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記述言語：日本語  

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記述言語：日本語  

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記述言語：日本語  

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記述言語：日本語  

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記述言語：日本語  

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記述言語：日本語  

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記述言語：日本語  

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記述言語：日本語  

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記述言語：日本語  

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記述言語：日本語  

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記述言語：日本語  

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記述言語：日本語  

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記述言語：日本語  

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記述言語：日本語  

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記述言語：日本語  

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記述言語：日本語  

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記述言語：日本語  

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記述言語：日本語  

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記述言語：日本語  

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記述言語：日本語  

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記述言語：日本語  

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