DOI： 10.1109/AINA.2017.56

Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

DOI： 10.1109/aina.2017.60

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：International Association of Engineers  

As a reliable and portable object-oriented programming language, Java has been extensively used in industries and taught in schools. To assist Java programming educations, we have developed a Web-based Java Programming Learning Assistant System (JPLAS). JPLAS provides a fill-inblank problem for novice students who have started learning Java programming including grammar and basic programming through code reading. In this problem, students are asked to fill in the blank elements in a high-quality Java code. In this paper, we propose a graph-based blank element selection algorithm to select as many blanks as possible that have grammatically correct and unique answers from a given code. First, the algorithm generates a graph by selecting each candidate element in the code as a vertex, and connecting any pair of vertices by an edge if they can be blanked together. Then, it extracts a maximal clique of the graph for a solution. For evaluations, the correctness of the algorithm is verified manually by applying it to 100 Java codes. Eventually, the educational effects in Java programming learning are confirmed by assigning generated fill-in-blank problems to students in our Java programming course.

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

DOI： 10.1109/gcce.2016.7800486

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

DOI： 10.1109/cisis.2016.94

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

DOI： 10.1109/icce-tw.2016.7521045

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DOI： 10.1109/IIAI-AAI.201

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：Newswood Limited  

A Web-based Java Programming Learning Assistant System (JPLAS) has been developed in our group to advance Java programming educations. JPLAS provides fill-in-blank problems for Java novice students to study grammar and basic programming skills by filling in the blank elements in a high-quality code. In this paper, we first analyze solution results of students in the Java programming course and the correlation between the number of blanks in a problem and the correct answer rate of the students. Then, we extend the blank element selection algorithm to increase the number of blanks and control the problem difficulty by changing it. This algorithm has been proposed to generate a feasible fill-in-blank problem such that any blank has the grammatically correct and unique answer. To verify the effectiveness, we apply the extended algorithm to 58 Java codes for the fundamental data structure or algorithms, and confirm that the extensions can increase the number of blanks and control the problem difficulty.

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

DOI： 10.1109/gcce.2015.7398542

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Language：English   Publisher：Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.  

To advance Java programming studies, we have developed the Java Programming Learning Assistant System (JPLAS). The test code plays a critical role in verifying the correctness of the source code from a student automatically at the server in the code writing problem in JPLAS. Previously, we proposed the test code generation tool that automatically generates the test code from the given source code containing standard inputs/outputs that novice students are expected to study in advance. In this paper, we extend this tool to handle the source code with file inputs/outputs. By applying the extended tool to three codes containing file inputs/outputs, the correctness of the generated test codes is confirmed.

DOI： 10.1109/GCCE.2017.8229400

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Language：Japanese  

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Language：English   Publisher：Graphy Publications  

For advancements of Java programming educations, we have developed a Web-based Java Programming Learning System (JPLAS). JPLAS provides four problems with different levels, namely, element fill-inblank problem, value trace problem, statement fill-in-blank problem, and code writing problem, to cover students at different learning stages. Unfortunately, since JPLAS has been implemented by a number of students who studied in our group at different years, the code has become complex and redundant, which makes further extensions of JPLAS extremely hard. In this paper, we propose a software architecture for JPLAS to avoid redundancy. Based on the MVC model, our proposal uses Java for the model (M), HTML/CSS/JavaScript for the view (V), and JSP for the controller (C). Besides, adopting a design pattern, the marking functions of the four problems are implemented uniformly. For evaluations, after JPLAS is implemented with this architecture, the number of code files is compared with that of the previous implementation, and the number of additional files is examined for two new functions.

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Language：English   Publisher：Emerald Group Publishing Ltd.  

Purpose-To advance Java programming educations, the authors have developed a Java Programming Learning Assistant System (JPLAS) as a web application system. JPLAS provides fill-in-blank problems for novices to study the grammar and basic programming skills through code reading. Design/methodology/approach-To select the blank elements with grammatically correct and unique answers from a given Java code, the authors have proposed the graph-based blank element selection algorithm. Then, the code for this problem should be highly readable to encourage novice students to study it. Because code readability can be improved by proper names for identifiers, the authors have also proposed the naming rule testing algorithm to identify codes with correct names. Findings-In this paper, the authors present a fill-in-blank problem workbook by collecting suitable Java codes from textbooks and Web sites and applying these algorithms with several extensions. The workbook consists of 16 categories with a considerable number of problems that follow the conventional learning order of Java programming. Originality/value-The proper set of ready-made fill-in-blank problems is effective in enhancing the usability of JPLAS both for teachers and students. For the preliminary evaluation, the authors assign a few problems to students. In coming semesters, the authors will use this workbook in the course to verify the adequacy of the proposal for novices.

DOI： 10.1108/IJWIS-12-2016-0076

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：一般社団法人情報処理学会  

Java プログラミング学習では,既存のソースコードを読み,その処理や構造を理解することが有効である.このコードリーディングをプログラミング教育に取り入れるためには,学習者がソースコードを理解したか否かを確認する方法が必要となる.そのため本グループでは,ソースコード中の肝要なステートメント (コアステートメント) を空欄とし,その記述を要求する,ステートメント空欄補充問題の提案と授業適用を行っている.本研究では,ソースコード中の空欄化すべきコアステートメント抽出アルゴリズムを提案する.本アルゴリズムでは,コアステートメントとして,1) 要求仕様を充たすためのアルゴリズム要素,2) オブジェクト指向言語の特徴であるクラス間連携要素,3) データベースなど外部機能との連携要素,の 3 種類を想定し,それぞれの抽出法を定義している.提案アルゴリズムを実装し,5 つの Java ソースコードに適用して得られたコアステートメントを,Java 学習者による抽出結果と比較した.その結果,両者に高い一致がみられ,提案アルゴリズムの有効性が確認された.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：一般社団法人情報処理学会  

本グループでは,プログラミング言語 Java の学習支援のために,Web を用いた Java プログラミング学習支援システム JPLAS(Java Programming Learning Assistant System) を開発している.JPLAS では,Java の初学者を対象としたエレメント空欄補充問題を提供しており,グラフ理論を用いた解の一意性を充たす問題生成のためのアルゴリズムを提案している.今回,本アルゴリズムを用いてエレメント空欄補充問題を生成し,本学科の Java プログラミング授業で実践活用した結果を報告する.

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Language：English   Publisher：IEEE  

To assist Java programming studies, we have developed a Web-based Java Programming Learning Assistant System (JPLAS). As one function in JPLAS, it provides a statement fill-in-blank problem that asks students to fill in proper statements to blanked ones in a Java code, so as to cultivate simultaneous code reading and writing abilities. Previously, we blanked only the core statement in a code with one class using the Program Dependence Graph (PDG), where we do not consider the features of object-oriented programming in Java that uses multiple classes and collaborations with other systems such as database. In this paper, we extend the statement fill-in-blank problem to deal with these features. We verify the effectiveness of our proposal through the Java programming course at our department.

DOI： 10.1109/GCCE.2015.7398543

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Language：English   Publisher：IEEE  

To assist Java programming educations, we have developed a Web-based Java Programming Learning Assistant System (JPLAS). JPLAS provides fill-in-blank problems to study the Java grammar by filling blank elements in a high-quality code that are composed of reserved words, identifiers, and control symbols. A graph-based blank element selection algorithm has been proposed to automatically select as many blanks as possible that have grammatically correct unique answers. In this paper, we show and discuss their application results to a Java programming course in our department.

DOI： 10.1109/ICCE-TW.2015.7216810

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

The programming language Java has been widely used in industries and educated in educational institutes due to its excellent developing environments, reliability, and portability. To assist Java educations, we have developed a Web-based Java Programming Learning Assistant System (JPLAS). JPLAS provides the fill-in-blank problem for Java novice students to learn it by filling proper elements into blanks in a Java code. In the paper, we propose a blank element selection algorithm to find a feasible problem that has the unique solution for any blank. This algorithm first generates a simple graph such that a vertex represents a candidate element in the code and an edge is made between two vertices that can be blanked simultaneously. Then, it extracts a clique of the graph to maximize the number of feasible blanks. We applied the algorithm to 100 Java codes and checked the uniqueness of the solutions manually. The results show that by showing the execution results of the three codes, we confirmed the uniqueness of the solutions.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

We have developed the Java programming learning support system JPLAS as a Web application using JSP, Servlet, and Java Beans, to support repetitive self-learning of Java programming through automatic verifications of answers from students to assignments. Because the codes in JPLAS have been implemented by students who have newly joined our group and taken over the codes from seniors, their managements and updates have become complicated. At the same time, they do not follow the Web standard including HTML5 and CSS3 that has become popular to realize rich Web clients. In this paper, we propose a draft coding rule to implement codes in JPLAS following the Web standard. By adopting HTML5 and Ajax, this rule makes it possible implementing codes that can be easily maintained by avoiding redundancy.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

To help Java programming educations in universities and professional schools, we have developed a Web-based Java Programming Learning Assistant System (JPLAS). Since JPLAS provides the fill-in-blank problem function for Java novice students, we have proposed a graph-based fill-in-blank problem generation algorithm for it. In this paper, we extend this algorithm for blanking grammatically related words so as to encourage students studying the Java grammar more deeply. Besides, we evaluate generated problems with up to 20 blanks in a Java code where we have limited maximally 10 blanks previously. We applied problems by the extended algorithm to middle level students and found that the length, numbers of classes and methods, the difficulty of the implemented algorithm, and the existence of comments in the Java code have large influences on the correct solution rate.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

We have proposed a Web-based JPLAS (Java Programming Learning Assistant System) to help students studying Java programming by themselves at home. By adopting the Test-Driven Development (TDD) method to verify the codes from students, JPLAS aims to reduce loads of teachers in addition to enhancing learning activities of students. In this paper, we propose and implement the statement fill-in-blank problem function in JPLAS as a trial assistance for code reading that has not been underestimated, although it is very important in studies of programming. In the statement fill-in-blank problem, a student is requested to fill a statement to the blank in a given Java code. By using a Program Dependence Graph (PDG), this function blanks an essential statement in the code. To evaluate our proposal, we generated multiple statement fill-in-blank problems using codes with similar procedures and applied them to students in a Java programming course in our department. Then, we found that the solution time of students decreased as they solved more problems.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

In our group, we have proposed a Web-based Java Programing Learning Assistant System (JPLAS) that helps students to study Java programing by themselves and the reduction of the burden on teacher. JPLAS has two kinds of blanks supplement (element fill-in-blank problem, statement fill-in-blank problem). These problems are applied to a student as a self-study problem in the classes of this school for Java programming abecedarians. In this thesis, after having enumerated indexes to estimate the difficulty of the problem that a teacher generated in JPLAS, we propose the index suitable for the difficulty estimate of each problem by performing the correlation analysis with the correct answer rate of each problem by the self-study result. We enable the presentation of the problem that a teacher accepted the level of the student by implementing difficulty estimation method of each fill-in-blank problem in JPLAS.

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Other Link： http://id.nii.ac.jp/1640/00000914/

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Other Link： http://id.nii.ac.jp/1640/00000884/

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