Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：AMER INST PHYSICS  

While there has been progress in the understanding of microbubble mechanics, the force associated with their formation has not previously been measured. Here we directly measure the force exerted during microbubble generation. We illuminate a carbon microfiber immersed in distilled water by using an infrared laser to produce individual bubbles. The fiber is elastically deformable and acts as a force sensor. A force of several nano-Newtons was detected on generation of each bubble. We show that water vaporization is responsible for the primary formation of the bubbles, and their subsequent expansion is caused by the diffusion of dissolved gases. (C) 2013 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4793532]

DOI： 10.1063/1.4793532

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MOSBY-ELSEVIER  

Voice is produced by vibrations of vocal folds that consist of multiple layers. The portion of the vocal fold tissue that vibrates varies depending primarily on laryngeal muscle activity. The effective depth of tissue vibration should significantly influence the vibrational behavior of the tissue and resulting voice quality. However, thus far, the effect of the activation of individual muscles on the effective depth is not well understood. In this study, a three-dimensional finite element analysis is performed to investigate the effect of the activation of two major laryngeal muscles, the cricothyroid (CT) and thyroarytenoid (TA) muscles, on vocal fold morphology and stress distribution in the tissue. Because structures that bear less stress can easily be deformed and involved in vibration, information on the morphology and stress distribution may provide a useful estimate of the effective depth. The results of the analyses indicate that the two muscles perform distinct roles, which allow cooperative control of the morphology and stress. When the CT muscle is activated, the tip region of the vocal folds becomes thinner and curves upward, resulting in the elevation of the stress magnitude all over the tissue to a certain degree that depends on the stiffness of each layer. On the other hand, the TA muscle acts to suppress the morphological change and controls the stress magnitude in a position-dependent manner. Thus, the present analyses demonstrate quantitative relationships between the two muscles in their cooperative regulation of vocal fold morphology and stress.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jvoice.2010.11.006

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

In order to investigate the human characteristic on length perception between the thumb and four fingers, we developed a four-degree-of-freedom (4DOF) length display device which can adjust each four distances respectively. The 4DOF device was proofed by length perception experiment. The placement of 4 units of the 4DOF device arranges from fingertip trajectory experimental data. The position of 4 fingers basing on the thumb is changed by stepping motor. The experiment is that each length between the thumb and other four fingers is same length. The results suggested that the same trend of perceptual length by thumb and any other finger is underestimation. In addition, perceptual error around 70mm was the biggest.

DOI： 10.1299/kikaic.77.2336

CiNii Article

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

Braille is one of the few writing systems that use tactile perception. The system is widely used by the blind to read and write. However, Braille is difficult to learn for persons with acquired blindness, especially for the elderly. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to design a tactile Japanese Katakana presentation device for the investigation of characteristics of tactile Katakana recognition. The device consists of a disk for tactile Katakana patterns, a force sensor unit for force measurement when subjects' fingers touch the tactile patterns, and an ultrasonic motor for tactile patterns presentation. Using the ultrasonic motor, the device presents characters to subjects quickly and automatically. Furthermore, the device has a big advantage that subjects are only required to move their fingers up and down, without any big submovements. An experiment was conducted using the device to test tactile recognition of 46 Katakana characters in native Japanese speakers with normal vision. Ten healthy right-handed male volunteers consented to participate in this experiment. Successful tactile Katakana recognition was higher than 78% (±14.4%) for these young subjects.

DOI： 10.1299/kikaic.77.923

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

Driver safety is an important and often sensitive issue for seniors. Statistics show that the elderly are more likely than other drivers to receive traffic citations for failing to yield, turning improperly, and running red lights and stop signs all indications of decreased driving ability. Currently in Japan, half of the deceased in traffic accidents are elderly people. In present study, we focused on how the pedal placement affect on braking action in emergency. First, ten healthy young and ten elderly individuals were asked to perform a simple reaction experiment by foot. Then, the same subjects were instructed to complete a braking action experiment with different pedal placement condition. The results suggested that both simple reaction time and foot movement time of elderly subjects were significantly longer than that of young subjects. Moreover, the brake pedal force of elderly subjects was lower than that of young subjects. Thus, aging influenced both of simple reaction time and braking action in emergency. In addition, even the pedal placement changed characteristics of braking action of both young and elderly subjects, the most comfortable pedal placement of elderly subjects differed from young subjects.

DOI： 10.1299/kikaic.77.2062

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD  

A contact motion between two solids in a liquid can give rise to a cavity. To investigate this phenomenon, processes of cavity generation in a liquid between two walls making accelerated relative motions in their normal and tangential directions have been observed in detail, using microscopes and high-speed video cameras. The results are as follows: generation and subsequent expansion of a cavity are influenced by factors such as the initial clearance between the walls, the acceleration of motion, the initial pressure, the liquid viscosity, and the contact area. In contrast, air solubility in oil does not affect generation, but the size of a bubble remaining in the liquid. The pressure in a liquid film between two parallel walls normally moving away with a constant acceleration has also been theoretically analysed, providing the basis for the generation of tensile stresses in liquid films. Finally, the following idea of mechanism has been proposed: a tensile stress occurring in a liquid film breaks the liquid-solid interface, producing a rift, which develops into a visible cavity. Considering that liquid machines have many parts of contacting solids making relative motions, it is presumed that cavitation in them can start from this phenomenon.

DOI： 10.1243/09544062JMES965

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

Cavitation occurring at a sharp projection in a hydraulic oil flow was observed, using a microscope, video-cameras, laser beam and a photo-multiplier. On a sewing needle employed as a projection, a tiny cavity as small as several 10 μm in length suddenly emerged at its tip and stayed afterwards. In vigorous cavitation the needle emitted light and simultaneously produced synchronized electric charge. At the same time the electrode placed downstream of the needle detected the electric charge of an opposite sign. The observations by the microscope made it possible to determine the exact start of cavitation, which turned out to depend on the oil temperature as well as the downstream pressure. Moreover the streamline stretching from the tip of the needle became visible as the flow rate increased. There was evidence that the highly viscous shear flow generated heat at the separation point, which probably explains why the streamline was visualized.

DOI： 10.1299/kikaib.66.651_2912

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Language：Japanese  

DOI： 10.14888/jfps1998.30.141

CiNii Article

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Language：Japanese  

DOI： 10.1299/kikaib.65.1643

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Language：Japanese  

DOI： 10.1299/kikaic.63.1701

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

In front of a reciprocating piston in a pipe containing fluid, the velocity profile is assumed to vary continuously in the axial direction from a uniform one to that of an ordinary oscillatory viscous pipe flow. The present paper deals with theoretical and experimental discussions of this subject. Numerical calculations have indicated that the transition of velocity profiles is completed within a pipe radius away from the piston. In order to experimentally verify this finding, an LDV with a counter-type signal processor is used to measure velocities in oscillatory oil flows close to a reciprocating piston. Although a counter is usually not used for measuring unsteady flows, it has proved applicable to periodic flows when the data within the same range of phase angle are separately collected and stochastically processed in the same way as in an ordinary steady measurement. The measurements thus carried out have given satisfactory results which agree with the theoretical predictions.

DOI： 10.1299/kikaib.62.564

CiNii Article

CiNii Books

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DOI： 10.1002/brb3.3570

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Inderscience Publishers  

DOI： 10.1504/ijma.2022.130399

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：American Psychological Association (APA)  

DOI： 10.1037/emo0001040

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

DOI： 10.3758/s13414-022-02461-y

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Other Link： https://link.springer.com/article/10.3758/s13414-022-02461-y/fulltext.html

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Frontiers Media SA  

The masked priming paradigm has been extensively used to investigate the indirect impacts of unconscious stimuli on conscious behaviors, and the congruency effect of priming on free choices has gained increasing attention. Free choices allow participants to voluntarily choose a response from multiple options during each trial. While repeated practice is known to increase priming effects in subliminal visual tasks, whether practice increases the priming effect of free choices in the masked priming paradigm is unclear. And it is also not clear how the proportions of free choice and forced choice trials in one block will affect the free choice masked priming effect. The present study applied repeated practice in the masked priming paradigm and found that after training, the participants were more likely to be influenced by masked primes during free choice, but this training process did not alter the visibility of masked stimuli. In addition, this study revealed that when the proportions of free choice and forced choice trials were equal during the training stage, this enhanced effect by practice was the strongest. These results indicated that practice could enhance masked stimulus processing in free-choice, and that the learning effect may mainly be derived from the early selection and integrated processing of masked stimuli.

DOI： 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.927234

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Inderscience Publishers  

People's requirements for service robots are gradually increasing as their application scope expands and science and technology advance. When facing multiple objects, orderly service can no longer meet the needs of customers. Searching for clients in greater need and providing humanised services in a timely manner is a new task. This study uses human behaviour as a learning blueprint to investigate whether adults can respond quickly to infants. The results show that humans can respond quickly to infants. This could lead to the development of humanised service robots that prioritise infants as service objects and provide gentle service by recognising infant facial features.

DOI： 10.1504/ijma.2022.123892

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

DOI： 10.3758/s13414-021-02437-4

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Other Link： https://link.springer.com/article/10.3758/s13414-021-02437-4/fulltext.html

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：American Physiological Society  

Perceptual learning is not always specific to the trained task and stimuli. We demonstrate that both continuous attended sensory input and improved WM capacity can be used to enhance tactile angle discrimination (TAD) ability. Moreover, WM capacity improvement is important in generalizing the training effect to the TAD ability. These findings contribute to understanding the mechanism of perceptual learning generalization across tasks.

DOI： 10.1152/jn.00529.2021

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

Abstract

Previous studies have paid special attention to the relationship between local features (e.g., raised dots) and human roughness perception. However, the relationship between global features (e.g., curved surface) and haptic roughness perception is still unclear. In the present study, a series of roughness estimation experiments was performed to investigate how global features affect human roughness perception. In each experiment, participants were asked to estimate the roughness of a series of haptic stimuli that combined local features (raised dots) and global features (sinusoidal-like curves). Experiments were designed to reveal whether global features changed their haptic roughness estimation. Furthermore, the present study tested whether the exploration method (direct, indirect, and static) changed haptic roughness estimations and examined the contribution of global features to roughness estimations. The results showed that sinusoidal-like curved surfaces with small periods were perceived to be rougher than those with large periods, while the direction of finger movement and indirect exploration did not change this phenomenon. Furthermore, the influence of global features on roughness was modulated by local features, regardless of whether raised-dot surfaces or smooth surfaces were used. Taken together, these findings suggested that an object’s global features contribute to haptic roughness perceptions, while local features change the weight of the contribution that global features make to haptic roughness perceptions.

DOI： 10.1007/s00221-021-06289-0

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Other Link： https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00221-021-06289-0/fulltext.html

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136393

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Frontiers Media SA  

Researchers have suggested that infants exhibiting baby schema are considered cute. These similar studies have mainly focused on changes in overall baby schema facial features. However, whether a change in only eye size affects the perception of cuteness across different facial expressions and ages has not been explicitly evaluated until now. In the present study, a paired comparison method and 7-point scale were used to investigate the effects of eye size on perceived cuteness across facial expressions (positive, neutral, and negative) and ages (adults and infants). The results show that stimuli with large eyes were perceived to be cuter than both unmanipulated eyes and small eyes across all facial expressions and age groups. This suggests not only that the effect of baby schema on cuteness is based on changes in a set of features but also that eye size as an individual feature can affect the perception of cuteness.

DOI： 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.674456

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SAGE Publications  

Although previous studies have shown that semantic multisensory integration can be differentially modulated by attention focus, it remains unclear whether attentionally mediated multisensory perceptual facilitation could impact further cognitive performance. Using a delayed matching-to-sample paradigm, the present study investigated the effect of semantically congruent bimodal presentation on subsequent unisensory working memory (WM) performance by manipulating attention focus. The results showed that unisensory WM retrieval was faster in the semantically congruent condition than in the incongruent multisensory encoding condition. However, such a result was only found in the divided-modality attention condition. This result indicates that a robust multisensory representation was constructed during semantically congruent multisensory encoding with divided-modality attention; this representation then accelerated unisensory WM performance, especially auditory WM retrieval. Additionally, an overall faster unisensory WM retrieval was observed under the modality-specific selective attention condition compared with the divided-modality condition, indicating that the division of attention to address two modalities demanded more central executive resources to encode and integrate crossmodal information and to maintain a constructed multisensory representation, leaving few resources for WM retrieval. Additionally, the present finding may support the amodal view that WM has an amodal central storage component that is used to maintain modal-based attention-optimized multisensory representations.

DOI： 10.1177/03010066211052943

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Other Link： http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full-xml/10.1177/03010066211052943

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

The masking paradigm is the most used method for generating subliminal stimuli. When both the target stimulus and the mask stimulus are composed of spatial pattern, the mask reduces the visibility of the target. It was called pattern masking effect. Japanese kanji as special visual semantic information, especially when kanji as a subliminal visual stimulus, it is not clear whether Kanji is regulated by the pattern masking effect. Therefore, in this study, we measured the sensitivity index of Kanji detection or discrimination in the masking paradigm using the calculation method of SDT (Signal Detection Theory). By this way, present study investigated the intensity of the masking effect. Results suggested that the sensitivity index of Kanji have the significant difference between the different target presentation time both of detection and discrimination task. As the presentation time is longer, the sensitivity index increases. Results also showed that there is a difference in the cognitive process between detection and discrimination of stimuli, and even if the stimuli can be detected, they may not be discriminated. In addition, as the intensity of the stimulus increased, the intensity of the masking effect became weaker, and it was found that the pattern mask also produces a masking effect in the detection and discrimination of Kanji. According to the research on human visual processing characteristics, it is hoped to help improve the efficiency of computer vision recognition technology.

DOI： 10.1109/ICMA52036.2021.9512762

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

With the advent of the era of artificial intelligence, more and more robots appear in daily life. To better meet the aesthetic needs of the public, the appearance design of the robot becomes particularly important. Some researchers suggested that human beings have the instinct to protect their offspring, which makes adults usually think of infants as more attractive and likable as adults. In addition, Lorentz et al. put forward baby schema (or Kindchenschema) which summed up the special features of the infants' face and suggested that it may be the reason why infants are different from adults to make people think that infants are cuter. However, it is not clear whether adults will have behavioral special reactions when observing the infants' faces, and it is not known whether the special response is due to changes in the baby schema. In this study, we explore the response time to recognize the faces of adults or infants with different levels of baby schema in the spatial cueing paradigm. The results demonstrate that adults can react quickly to infants, even they not with high baby schema parameters. This conclusion gives us a new idea of the different reactions of adults to infants. And it can also provide theoretical support for improving robot appearance design.

DOI： 10.1109/ICMA52036.2021.9512736

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：{MDPI} {AG}  

Touch shape discrimination is not only closely related to tactile mechanoreceptors but also higher cognitive function. However, previous shape discrimination methods are difficult to complete in a short time, and the devices are complicated to operate and not user-friendly for nonprofessionals. Here, we propose a new method, the evaluation quantity of which is the angle discrimination threshold. In addition, to make this method easy to use for nonprofessionals, we designed a haptic angle sorting system, including the device and software. To evaluate this method, the angle sorting and two-angle discrimination experiments were compared, and it was found that participants spent significantly less time in the former experiment than in the latter. At the same time, there is a strong correlation between the performance of angle sorting and two-angle discrimination, which shows that the angle threshold obtained by the new method can also be used to evaluate the ability of touch discrimination. Moreover, the angle sorting results of different age groups also further demonstrate the feasibility of the method. The efficiency of this new method and the effectiveness of the system also provide a convenient means for evaluating haptic shape discrimination, which may have potential clinical application value in the early diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy and even in the evaluation of cognitive function.

DOI： 10.3390/app11157049

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SAGE Publications  

Working memory refers to the cognitive capacity to temporarily store and manipulate information from multiple sensory domains. Recent studies have shown that cognitive training can improve performance in both visual working memory and tactile working memory tasks. However, it is still unclear whether the effects of training can be transferred from one sensory modality to another. The current study assessed whether the training effect of the tactile orientation sequence task could transfer to visual orientation sequence and visuospatial working memory tasks. The results showed that participants’ accuracy in the tactile orientation sequence task was significantly increased after 9 days of training compared with that before training. Remarkably, participants’ accuracy in both the visual orientation sequence task and the visuospatial task was significantly improved after 9 days of training. These results suggest that it is possible to improve visual working memory through a transfer effect from tactile task training without practice in the visual domain, which opens a wide range of applications for tactile orientation sequence tasks.

DOI： 10.1177/21582440211031549

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Other Link： http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full-xml/10.1177/21582440211031549

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Inderscience Publishers  

When the human visual system processes complex scenes, crowding is considered a bottleneck in interpreting visual information. Several studies have reported that visual crowding seems to occur in the early stage of visual possessing. After that, extensive evidence suggested that high-level visual information has a major effect on crowding, which showed substantial interest in the impact of high-level visual information on crowding. However, the temporal property of high-level crowding is not well understood. Here, we performed a series of behavioural experiments to show how flanker category information and exposure time affected crowding's intensity. We found that as the category's effect becomes stronger, the intensity of crowding will be reduced in longer exposure time. The peak of this effect occurs at the time window of 100 ms-150 ms after the stimulus appears. We propose that exposure time may modulate high-level information processing depth, which can adjust multi-level crowding.

DOI： 10.1504/ijma.2021.10036631

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Informa UK Limited  

DOI： 10.1080/20445911.2021.1883032

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

DOI： 10.3758/s13414-020-02168-y

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Other Link： http://link.springer.com/article/10.3758/s13414-020-02168-y/fulltext.html

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SAGE Publications  

Attentional processes play a complex and multifaceted role in the integration of input from different sensory modalities. However, whether increased attentional load disrupts the audiovisual (AV) integration of common objects that involve semantic content remains unclear. Furthermore, knowledge regarding how semantic congruency interacts with attentional load to influence the AV integration of common objects is limited. We investigated these questions by examining AV integration under various attentional-load conditions. AV integration was assessed by adopting an animal identification task using unisensory (animal images and sounds) and AV stimuli (semantically congruent AV objects and semantically incongruent AV objects), while attentional load was manipulated by using a rapid serial visual presentation task. Our results indicate that attentional load did not attenuate the integration of semantically congruent AV objects. However, semantically incongruent animal sounds and images were not integrated (as there was no multisensory facilitation), and the interference effect produced by the semantically incongruent AV objects was reduced by increased attentional-load manipulations. These findings highlight the critical role of semantic congruency in modulating the effect of attentional load on the AV integration of common objects.

DOI： 10.1177/2041669520981096

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Other Link： http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full-xml/10.1177/2041669520981096

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

DOI： 10.3758/s13414-020-02001-6

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Other Link： http://link.springer.com/article/10.3758/s13414-020-02001-6/fulltext.html

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Inderscience Publishers  

With the development of information processes, the interaction between humans and computers is everywhere in our daily life. As the level of human-computer interaction continues to rise, the cognitive load in human-computer interaction is also increasing, and thus, the operational error rate is rising. Subliminal communication technology refers to the use of appropriate methods to provide subliminal cues to convey supplementary information in an unconscious way. This method does not increase the burden on cognitive channels, but it improves people's abilities to recognise and make decisions. Therefore, we conducted a series of experiments on the subliminal priming effect to observe the feasibility of this idea. We used experimental psychophysical methods to demonstrate that the subliminal stimuli had a considerable impact on various cognitive processes and decision-making.

DOI： 10.1504/ijma.2020.10030733

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SAGE Publications  

We measured the eccentricity effect of deformation thresholds of circular contours for two types of the radial frequency (RF) patterns with their centers at the fixation point: constant circular contour frequency (CCF) RF patterns and constant RF magnified (retino-cortical scaling) RF patterns. We varied the eccentricity by changing the mean radius of the RF patterns while keeping the centers of the RF patterns at the fixation point. Our peripheral stimulus presentation was distinguished from previous studies which have simply translated RF patterns at different locations in the visual field. Sensitivity for such shape discrimination fell off as the moderate and high CCF patterns were presented on more eccentric sites but did not as the low CCF patterns. However, sensitivity held constant as the magnified RF patterns were presented on more eccentric sites, indicating that the eccentricity effects observed for the high and moderate CCF patterns were neutralized by retinocortical mapping. Notably, sensitivity for the magnified RF patterns with large radii (4°–16°) presented in the peripheral field revealed a similar RF dependence observed for RF patterns with small radii (0.25°–1.0°) presented at the fovea in previous studies.

DOI： 10.1177/0301006620936473

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Other Link： http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full-xml/10.1177/0301006620936473

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MyJove Corporation  

DOI： 10.3791/61218

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

DOI： 10.1299/transjsme.19-00437

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Perceptual learning, which is not limited to sensory modalities such as vision and touch, emerges within a training session and between training sessions and is accompanied by the remodeling of neural connections in the cortex. However, limited knowledge exists regarding perceptual learning between training sessions. Although tactile studies have paid attention to between-session learning effects, there have been few studies asking fundamental questions regarding whether the time interval between training sessions affects tactile perceptual learning and generalization across tactile tasks. We investigated the effects of different training time intervals on the consecutive performance of a tactile angle discrimination (AD) task and a tactile orientation discrimination (OD) task training on tactile angle discriminability. The results indicated that in the short-interval training group, AD task performance significantly improved in the early stage of learning and nearly plateaued in the later stage, whereas in the long-interval training group, significant improvement was delayed and then also nearly plateaued in the later stage; additionally, improved OD task performance resulted in improved AD task performance. These findings suggest that training time interval affects the early stage of learning but not the later stage and that generalization occurs between different types of tactile tasks.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Perceptual learning, which constitutes important foundations of complicated cognitive processes, is learning better perception skills. We demonstrate that training time interval can affect the early stage of learning but not the later stage. Moreover, a tactile orientation discrimination training task can also improve tactile angle discrimination performance. These findings may expand the characteristics of between-session learning and help understand the mechanism of the generalization across tactile tasks.

DOI： 10.1152/jn.00161.2019

PubMed

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Priming refers to an increase in sensitivity to certain target stimuli due to previous exposure to related stimuli. When an individual is exposed to a stimulus below the threshold of perception, the priming effect that occurs is called a subliminal priming effect. Unlike the memory of directly retrieving information, this process takes place outside the realm of consciousness. The impact of subliminal activation (below the level of consciousness) on humans is an important and interesting phenomenon because it can influence people's choices and actions. Whether it is in free choice or in stimulus-driven choices, there will be some influence. Our research focus of this study is when the subliminal priming effect occurs in the subject's normal choice and questionnaire choices, the intensity of subliminal priming effect has changed or not and how it affects the free choice or the stimulus-driven choice. We suggest that this is of some significance to the interpretation of the mechanism of human free choice.

DOI： 10.1109/ICMA.2019.8816531

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

The generation and expression of human emotions is an important part of human cognitive function. Especially the explanation of the specific mechanism and influencing factors of human high-level emotional response has always been an important subject of experimental psychology. In this research, we take the high-level emotional response of cuteness as a starting point to discuss the relationship between two closely related factors, namely, that is, the relationship between expression types and expression intensity with cuteness under two age conditions (adult vs child). According to the results of this experiment, positive expressions make people feel cuter in adults and children. In the case of negative expressions, the intensity of expression and the sense of cuteness are significantly negatively correlated regardless of adult or child. In the positive expression category, the child's expression intensity is positively correlated with the cuteness, and adults do not. No significant correlation between expression intensity and cuteness was found under the neutral expression.

DOI： 10.1109/ICMA.2019.8816326

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.  

Understanding of human sensory system will provide useful information's to the development of virtual reality (VR) technology that simulates a 3D virtual world and enables the generation of visual, audio, and haptic feedback for the full immersion of users. The present study is aimed to promote a better understanding of the visual system which is indispensable to recognize objects, face, animal, building, and natural scene in the visual environment in daily lives. We are focused to study difference in perception between foveal and peripheral visual system. We asked here about dependency of contrast discrimination of circular contour patterns on retinal eccentricity of the visual field, using standard (non-magnified) and cortically magnified stimuli. The contrast discrimination thresholds for the standard stimuli increased with increasing the retinal eccentricity. However, those for the cortically magnified stimuli remained constant irrespective of change of retinal eccentricity. We concluded that contrast discrimination thresholds, once scaling by cortically magnification transformation, were similar at all eccentricities.

DOI： 10.1109/ICMA.2019.8816238

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

Human unmyelinated tactile afferents (CT afferents) in hairy skin are thought to be involved in the transmission of affective aspects of touch. How the perception of affective touch differs across human skin has made substantial progress; however, the majority of previous studies have mainly focused on the relationship between stroking velocities and pleasantness ratings. Here, we investigate how stroking hardness affects the perception of affective touch. Affective tactile stimulation was given with four different hardness of brushes at three different forces, which were presented to either palm or forearm. To quantify the physical factors of the stimuli (brush hardness), ten naïve, healthy participants assessed brush hardness using a seven-point scale. Based on these ten participants, five more participants were added to rate the hedonic value of brush stroking using a visual analogue scale (VAS). We found that pleasantness ratings over the skin resulted in a preference for light, soft stroking, which was rated as more pleasant when compared to heavy, hard stroking. Our results show that the hairy skin of the forearm is more susceptible to stroking hardness than the glabrous of the palm in terms of the perception of pleasantness. These findings of the current study extend the growing literature related to the effect of stroking characteristics on pleasantness ratings.

DOI： 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02141

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SAGE Publications  

Temporal expectation relies on different predictive information, such as regular rhythms and symbolic cues, to direct attention to a future moment in time to optimize behaviour. However, whether differences exist between temporal expectations driven by regular rhythms and symbolic cues has not been clearly established. In this study, 20 participants performed two temporal expectation tasks in which a rhythmic cue or a symbolic cue indicated (70% expected) that the target would appear after an interval of 500 ms (short), 1,500 ms (medium), or 2,500 ms (long). We found larger cueing effects for the rhythmic cued task than for the symbolic cued task during the short interval, indicating that rhythmic cues were more effective in improving performance. Furthermore, no significant difference was found during the longer interval, reflect that the behavioural differences between the two forms of temporal expectations were likely to diminish as the time interval increased. Thus, we speculate that the temporal expectation driven by rhythmic cues differs from that driven by symbolic cues only in the limited time range; however, the mechanisms underlying the two forms of temporal expectations trend to become more similar over increasing temporal scales.

DOI： 10.1177/0301006619847579

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2017.12.004

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Hindawi Limited  

The basal ganglia, which have been shown to be a significant multisensory hub, are disordered in Parkinson’s disease (PD). This study was to investigate the audiovisual integration of peripheral stimuli in PD patients with/without sleep disturbances. Thirty-six age-matched normal controls (NC) and 30 PD patients were recruited for an auditory/visual discrimination experiment. The mean response times for each participant were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and race model. The results showed that the response to all stimuli was significantly delayed for PD compared to NC (all<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.01</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math>). The response to audiovisual stimuli was significantly faster than that to unimodal stimuli in both NC and PD (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math>). Additionally, audiovisual integration was absent in PD; however, it did occur in NC. Further analysis showed that there was no significant audiovisual integration in PD with/without cognitive impairment or in PD with/without sleep disturbances. Furthermore, audiovisual facilitation was not associated with Hoehn and Yahr stage, disease duration, or the presence of sleep disturbances (all<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math>). The current results showed that audiovisual multisensory integration for peripheral stimuli is absent in PD regardless of sleep disturbances and further suggested the abnormal audiovisual integration might be a potential early manifestation of PD.

DOI： 10.1155/2018/1648017

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Other Link： http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/pd/2018/1648017.xml

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SAGE Publications  

Although neuronal studies have shown that audiovisual integration is regulated by temporal factors, there is still little knowledge about the impact of temporal factors on audiovisual integration in older adults. To clarify how stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) between auditory and visual stimuli modulates age-related audiovisual integration, 20 younger adults (21–24 years) and 20 older adults (61–80 years) were instructed to perform an auditory or visual stimuli discrimination experiment. The results showed that in younger adults, audiovisual integration was altered from an enhancement (AV, A ± 50 V) to a depression (A ± 150 V). In older adults, the alterative pattern was similar to that for younger adults with the expansion of SOA; however, older adults showed significantly delayed onset for the time-window-of-integration and peak latency in all conditions, which further demonstrated that audiovisual integration was delayed more severely with the expansion of SOA, especially in the peak latency for V-preceded-A conditions in older adults. Our study suggested that audiovisual facilitative integration occurs only within a certain SOA range (e.g., −50 to 50 ms) in both younger and older adults. Moreover, our results confirm that the response for older adults was slowed and provided empirical evidence that integration ability is much more sensitive to the temporal alignment of audiovisual stimuli in older adults.

DOI： 10.1177/0301006616673850

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.  

DOI： 10.2174/2213385203666150703164036

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN  

In present paper, we described a novel wide-view visual presentation system for fMRI studies. To achieve a wide field view, a translucent spherical screen with a curvature radius of 30 mm was placed 30 mm away from the subjects' eyes. The subjects wore contact lenses that enabled them to focus on the screen, and the resulting visual field reached 120 degrees. Then, high resolution computer-generated images were projected onto the translucent hemispheric screen inside the MRI bore. Signal-to-noise ratio valuation experiment was performed to evaluate the clarity and quality of the MRI images. In addition, we successfully applied this visual presentation system to studies of visual retinotopic mapping and object perception neural function in the peripheral visual field. Our study demonstrated that the system is compatible with the MRI environment. Moreover, this system was more effective at mapping checkerboard stimuli in V1-V3, and successfully located several classical category-selective areas, including the face-selective area (FFA), occipital face area (OFA), house-selective area (PPA), transverse occipital sulcus (TOS), lateral occipital complex (LOC) in higher-level visual areas. In conclusion, the wide-view visual presentation system within the MRI environment can be applied to many kinds of fMRI studies of peripheral vision.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.  

When a relative motion occurring between liquid and solid, electric charges with opposite signs come out separately on each side by friction which phenomena is called flow electrification. As the amount of charge generated by flow electrification is small, and part of which neutralize each other at the same time, the test method of flow electrification becomes one of discussion topics for scientists of all countries. This paper introduces an experimental measurement method of flow electrification, which is a comparative method by inserting electrodes in pipelines, and acquisition amplifier circuit, with high resolution and strong anti-jamming ability. Experiments show that the measurement method could be applied to system testing for flow electrification.

DOI： 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.43.303

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SAGE Publications  

If bubble nuclei are the cause of cavitation, how are they initially produced? According to what Washio et al. have found out so far, there are two possible ways for cavitation nuclei to be generated in liquid flows: separation of flow and a relative motion between solids contacting in liquid. The present article intends to reinforce that assertion by observing the cavitation occurring in an oil hydraulic poppet valve.

At a certain flowrate, a microscopic cavity suddenly emerged on the valve seat where the flow separated. As the flowrate increased, the cavity developed extending circumferentially on the seat and discharged bubbles by splitting. A collision of the poppet with the valve seat also caused the generation of a cavity. As the poppet was away from the seat after the collision, the cavity shrunk leaving behind a bubble.

Cavities generated on the seat by flow separation regularly repeated a process of growth and shrinkage accompanied by bubble discharge, which induced flow pulsation and consequently vibration of the poppet supported by a spring as well. Moreover, these cavities brought about so-called ‘choking’ in the poppet—seat constriction and acted to increase the pressure loss there by narrowing its cross-section.

DOI： 10.1243/09544062jmes1618

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD  

The research group including two of the present authors previously discovered a surprising phenomenon in oil flows through constricted channels; at a certain flowrate when there is no cavitation occurring, an infinitesimal cavity suddenly emerges on the wall where the flow separates. The newborn cavity grows and splits releasing many minute bubbles to downstream, as the flowrate increases. To see if this phenomenon occurs in water too, water flows through rectangular and cylindrical constrictions have been meticulously observed with very high resolution in terms of both time and space. As a result it has been confirmed that the same phenomenon does occur in separating water flows as well, although the developing process of a newborn cavity in water flows is different from that in oil flows probably depending on a large difference in Reynolds numbers between both flows. When the flowrate is substantially increased from that for the cavity inception, a large attached cavity is formed on the wall just downstream of the separation point, as it occurred in corresponding oil flows. The pressure inside the cavity has proved to be almost equal to the saturation vapour pressure of water.

DOI： 10.1243/09544062JMES1438

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN  

When an object is touched, the properties like shape, temperature, rigidity, texture and weight should be perceived. As a basic research of human tactile, it is most important to know how humans could perceive the shape of the object with fingers. Thus length and contacting curvature of an object are thought to provide important perception information. Most of the length perception studies are about two fingers using the thumb and the index finger. There are scarce perception studies using multi-fingers grasping. In present study, to investigate the human tactile length perception mechanism with multi-fingers, we develop a tactile length interface device for one and two lengths with three fingers and conduct two experiments of one and two lengths perception with three fingers grasping. The results showed that within the length range of 40 similar to 100mm, the one length perception was better than two lengths length perception and in two length perception, better perception took place when shorter lengths were presented to the thumb and the index finger compared to being presented to the thumb and the middle finger. As a result of force sensor, grip forces show no significant difference in the range of stimulating length.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD  

At the very beginning stage of cavitation an infinitesimal cavity suddenly emerges and rapidly grows on the wall close to the point of flow separation. The present paper intends to make clear the mechanism of this peculiar phenomenon previously discovered by the present authors in oil flows, by experimentally examining the characteristics of a separating flow. First, pressure and temperature distributions along a cylindrical smooth wall in an oil flow were measured across the point of separation, which has proved that both tensile stress and heat are really generated near the separation point. Second, a laminar air flow passing over a sharp edge was inspected by particle image velocimetry (PIV). The inspection of the separating flow based on the PIV data has revealed that fluid particle near the separation point is not only drastically stretched but also intensely sheared along the separation streamline. With all the results integrated, it has been concluded that the singular structure of a separating flow is the real cause of both tensile stress and heat generation. When thus generated tension exceeds a threshold, it possibly breaks the adhesion between the liquid and the wall, leaving a microscopic rift on the interface that would grow to a visible cavity.

DOI： 10.1243/09544062JMES835

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

A contact motion between two solids in liquid can give birth to a cavity. To investigate the phenomenon, processes of cavity generation in a liquid between two walls making accelerated relative motions in their normal and tangential directions have been observed in detail, using microscopes and high-speed video cameras. Generation and subsequent expansion of a cavity are dominated by such various factors as the thickness of a liquid film, the acceleration of motion, the initial pressure, the liquid viscosity and the contact area. On the other hand the air solubility in oil influences, not the generation but the size of a bubble remaining after the process is over. The pressure in a liquid film between two parallel walls normally separating with a constant acceleration has also been theoretically analyzed, providing the basis for occurrence of tensile stresses in liquid films. Finally, the following idea has been proposed as a mechanism of the phenomenon ; a tensile stress occurring in a liquid film breaks the liquid-solid interface, producing a rift which can develop to a visible cavity. Considering liquid machines have many parts of solid-solid contact in liquid, it should be pointed out that some of the cavitations occurring in them can start from these cavities.

DOI： 10.1299/kikaib.74.1376

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Language：English   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

To elucidate the unsteady characteristics of a nonlinear pressure loss generated in a restricted flow, pressure drops across and flow rates through an orifice were precisely measured in sinusoidally oscillating oil flows. It has turned out that the unsteady relationship between the nonlinear pressure loss and the flow rate describes a closed loop turning around along the characteristic curve of the steady-state one in the counter-clockwise direction, which indicates that the change of the nonlinear pressure loss is delayed behind that of the flow rate in an unsteady orifice flow. The phenomenon occurs probably because the structure of turbulence in an orifice jet flow, where a nonlinear pressure loss is generated by energy dissipation, has inertia against a change of the flow rate and cannot follow it without a time lag. A mathematical model incorporating a constant time lag into the steady-state nonlinear pressure loss was proposed to simulate the unsteady characteristics of the nonlinear pressure loss, successfully explaining the long-term question in acoustics why the reactive part of an acoustic orifice impedance decreases as the amplitude increases.

DOI： 10.1299/jfst.3.11

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DOI： 10.1299/kikaic.73.871

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DOI： 10.1299/kikaic.72.3912

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

The present paper provides the discussions on the unsteady characteristics of a restriction flow in a hydraulic line. By ingeniously creating sinusoidal flow at a fixed orifice in a pipe, the unsteady relationships between the pressure drop across and the flow rate through the orifice were properly measured. When being estimated using the experimental results, the unsteady nonlinear pressure loss turned out to change against the flow rate describing a loop with a counter-clockwise hysteresis along the steady-state relation between the two. The finding, probably indicating that the structure of turbulence producing a nonlinear pressure loss in an orifice jet flow changes with a delay behind the change of flow rate, provides an answer to the long-pending question in acoustics; why the acoustic impedance of orifice decreases its reactive part as an amplitude of oscillation increases. A hypothetical mathematical model incorporating the delay into the steady-state relation was proposed to simulate the behavior of an unsteady nonlinear pressure loss in an orifice flow. The impedance analytically obtained by the model explained the decrease of reactance with an increasing amplitude.

DOI： 10.1299/kikaib.72.1920

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DOI： 10.1299/kikaib.72.2710

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

When a liquid flow in a pipe is accelerated or decelerated, a differential pressure is kinetically induced between two separate sections of the liquid column. This fact has been utilized to measure an unsteady flow rate, and that way of measurement is called "Kinetic Differential Pressure (KDP) Method". In the present paper, the KDP method is modified so as to find oscillatory flow rates, pressures and hydraulic impedances simultaneously at any section in pulsating pipe flows of oil from the pressure data detected at two fixed sections of the pipe. Through being applied to measurements of impedances of a pipe with a closed end and a Helmholtz resonator, the modified KDP method has proved effective enough for pratical use. In actual measurements, it turned out more recommendable from the viewpoint of accuracy to employ differential pressures obtained by electrical subtraction between outputs of the two pressure transducers than to rely upon pressure data alone.

DOI： 10.1299/kikaib.71.2934

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD  

Cavitation starting at the point of separation on a smooth cylindrical wall was observed. At the earliest stage of cavitation, a cavity suddenly emerged at the point of separation with its upstream tip attached to the wall. Differing from incipient cavities arising at projected edges, the present one neither stayed nor formed a stable bubble on the wall. As it moved slightly downstream, the newly born cavity underwent severe deformation: i.e. it grew explosively, then split and ultimately vanished in reverse from the tail back, in as short a period as one ten-thousandth of a second. Flashing light was emitted from the cavity as it expanded, and a transient electric charge was also detected from the oil downstream in synchronization with this light emission. Moreover, a streamline extending from the point of separation was spontaneously visualized. In order to establish the reasons for this visualization, temperature distribution across the streamline was measured, revealing that heat has to be generated at the separation point. Finally, the mechanism of tensile stress and heat generation at the point of separation is theoretically discussed on the basis of Landau's analysis of a boundary layer flow along a separation line.

DOI： 10.1243/095440603321919554

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

Cavitation has been observed in a hydraulic oil flow separated from a smooth cylindrical wall, using various methods such as a microscope mounted with either a digital still camera or a high-speed video one, laser beam transmission, photo-multiplier and an electric charge detector. At the incipient phase of cavitation, a cavity suddenly emerged at the separation point with its upstream tip attached on the wall. Differently from cavitation previously observed in such flows as separated from an edge or a projection, however, the present incipient cavity neither stayed nor made a stable bubble on the wall, which was smooth this time. While drifting downstream, the newly born cavity was substantially enlarged, underwent severe deformation and ultimately vanished from the tail in as short a time as one-tenth of milli-second. When being enlarged, the cavity emitted flashing light similar to the one formerly observed in the cavitation on the needle projection. Transient electric charge synchronized with the light emission was also detected from the oil in the downstream. Moreover, the streamline extending from the separation point was spontaneously visualized, indicating heat generation at the separation point where significant shear stress acts. All these results seem to support the "rip-off" hypothesis previously advocated by the present authors.

DOI： 10.1299/kikaib.69.1120

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

The diffusion process of N_2, O_2 and CO_2 into VG10 machine oil had previously been observed in such a way as measuring the pressure change of gas confined to a constant volume with the oil. Although the measured pressure changes of N_2 and O_2 had been properly predicted by the diffusion theory, it had not been the case with CO_2. With suspicion that the dependency of a diffusion coefficient on the pressure could have influenced the results for CO_2, which exhibits a much larger pressure change in the course of diffusion than N_2 and O_2, the diffusion process was otherwise observed in the present study under a constant pressure, using laser heterodyne interferometry. The diffusion of CO_2 did not agree with its theoretical prediction again, which gave birth to an idea that a convective flow might occur in the oil by the density gradient produced by gas diffusion. Then Mach-Zehnder interferometry was introduced to observe gas-oil diffusion, proving natural convection did happen some time after the diffusion started. The diffusion process of CO_2 before the occurrence of natural convection agreed well with the theoretical prediction, giving reliable values of its diffusion coefficient.

DOI： 10.1299/kikaic.68.635

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD  

Cavitation occurring at a sharp projection in a hydraulic oil flow was observed in as much detail as possible, using, variously, a microscope, a high-speed video camera, laser beams, an electric charge detector and a photomultiplier. At the tip of the needle employed as a projection, a tiny cavity as small as several tens of micrometres in length suddenly emerged and would not go away. As cavitation became more vigorous, flashes occurred intermittently around the needle and positive electrical charges were generated which synchronized with the flashing. The electrode inserted downstream from the needle detected negative charge from the oil, which was also synchronous with the flashing. Observing the needle tip with the microscope made it possible to determine exactly the moment of cavitation inception, which turned out to depend on the oil temperature as well as the downstream pressure. All these findings tend to reinforce the 'rip-off' hypothesis previously proposed by the present authors for the cavitation mechanism.

DOI： 10.1243/1350650021543861

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD  

It is known that the traditional 'nucleus' theory for cavitation is incompatible with certain facts physically and experimentally recognizable in oil hydraulic flows. In order to re-examine this issue, cavitation of hydraulic oil flow through a long two-dimensional acrylic constriction was observed by various techniques: stroboscopic photography with a microscope, laser beam transmission, pressure and noise measurements, and luminescence and electrical charge detection. It was revealed that, at the incipient stage of cavitation, one stationary microscopic cavity always emerges suddenly on the inlet edge. Light emission was also observed in the cavitation together with electrostatic charge. All the findings taken together, which cannot be consistently explained by nucleus theory, lead to the following hypothesis: at the separation point a tensile force rips a liquid particle from the wall, leaving behind a vacuum space, which forms the incipient stationary cavity on the edge.

DOI： 10.1243/1350650011543619

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Language：Japanese  

DOI： 10.14888/jfps1998.32.27

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

This paper deals with the measurement of quantities of gases such as nitrogen and carbon dioxide that penetrated through a rubber sheet into mineral oil by the means of combination of manometer and laser heterodyne interferometry. With N_2, the saturated solubility into the rubber is about equal to the one into the VG10 mineral oil, and diffusion coefficient is approximately 1/50 times smaller than VG10 mineral oil. The quantities of gas permeability of N_2 and CO_2 through rubber sheet increase with pressure and temperature.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmeptec.2001.0_519

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

A technique to measure fluctuating differential pressures with high fidelity has been developed first. When applied to detecting differential pressures generated by an accelerated or decelerated liquid column, the technique turned out to be effective in finding unsteady flow rates. An experimental study has been carried out on periodically changing hydraulic oil flows through an orifice. The results support the validity of the traditional standpoint that characteristics of an unsteady orifice flow can be approximately represented by those of a steady-state one. When inspected in detail, however, a net pressure loss across an orifice in a periodical flow is delayed against a change of the flow rate. The resulting relation between the pressure loss and the flow rate describes a loop with a counter-clockwise hysteresis and a nonlinear twist along the steady-state one. Pressure recovery in a pulsating orifice flow varies with the flow rate almost along the steady-state relation, which is confirmed when the change is not fast. © 1996 by ASME.

DOI： 10.1115/1.2835504

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

Column separation and subsequent rejoining in an oil hydraulic line usually result in tensile waves and consequent ruptures in an oil column. In order to investigate these phenomena in more detail, it is essential to precisely measure transient flow rates in column separation and rejoining. The aim of the present work is to attain this objective: a method based on the theoretical relation of the flow rate change in a pipe with a kinetically induced pressure difference between the two separate sections. Instead of a conventional differential pressure transducer, two individual pressure gauges are used to measure pressures at the two sections and find the difference between them by subtraction. Theoretically predicted stepwise decreases of the flow rate until the column rejoining have been accurately measured, showing the effectiveness of the method. It is also pointed out that the successive calculus proposed by Zhao et al., which is expected to substantially economize the procedure to obtain flow rates from differential pressure data, may give unrealistic results.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmeb.39.51

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Society of Instrument and Control Engineers  

It becomes necessary for dental diagnosis and treatment of patients having complaints with their temporomandibular joints to precisely measure motions of their lower jaws. Although such devices as can measure one-dimensional motions of a magnet attached to an examinee's incisor or 3-dimensional mandibular movements by means of mechanical displacement transducers have already been introduced into actual service, there has been great demand for more practical and reliable ones. The expected specifications of the device are as follows; (1) high accuracy and reliability, (2) 6 degree-of-freedom measurement covering wide range, (3) light and handy with little physical burden, (4) virtually real-time data processing. The present paper intends to develop a new mandibular examination device using PSD which can meet these demands as much as possible. The characteristic relation between the output voltages of a PSD sensor and the spatial position of a target LED, which relation basically dominates the accuracy of measurements, has been obtained on the basis of geometrical optics, proving through calibration that detecting errors remain less than 0.1mm with LED positions. The device has been constructed of two light duralumin arms which support three PSD detectors and three target LED's, respectively, and are to be fastened to the examinee's upper and lower dental arches. Test measurements of plane and rotational motions of the LED arm created by an automatic pulse stage have revealed the accuracy and usefulness of the device; average deviations between measured and programed trajectories were within 0.2mm. Applications of the device to two subject examinees, one is normal and the other has a temporomandibular joint disorder, have been successful, showing its effectiveness as a examination device. With the electronic system and PC used, it took 30 seconds to conduct one whole run for an examinee, from the start to the final acquisition of graphical data display on CRT.

DOI： 10.9746/sicetr1965.31.1279

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

Oil column separation in which a tensile wave and the consequent rupture of an oil column can be observed provides intriguing information with cavitation study. In order to investigate the phenomena in more detail from this viewpoint, it is essential to secure a means to precisely measure transiently changing flowrates in column separation. The present paper has aimed to achieve this object ; the method is based on detecting pressure differences kinematically induced in an unsteady pipe flow. Instead of a conventional pressure difference transducer, two independent pressure gauges are used to pick up the pressure differences with high fidelity. Theoretically predicted step-like flowrates until the column rejoining have been successfully measured, showing the usefulness of the method. It is also pointed out that the algorithm adovocated by ZHAO et al. to conveniently transform sampled pressure difference data to flowrate can give unreasonable results when the transient is fast.

DOI： 10.1299/kikaib.60.2081

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MECHANICAL ENG PUBL LTD  

In previous attempts to find bulk modulus of liquids, the difficulty has always been in how to accurately measure minute volumetric changes in the fluids when pressure changes. The present paper describes the application of laser interferometry to this measurement in a mineral oil in order to develop a more reliable substitute for the conventional methods. Firstly, the basic relationship between density and refractive index of the oil was established by the use of the interference fringe method. Thereafter, the heterodyne interferometer was used to measure thermodynamic changes of state in the oil, giving adiabatic and isothermal compressibilities, specific heats at constant pressure and at constant volume, and specific heat ratio. The velocity of sound in the oil derived from adiabatic compressibility thus obtained agrees well with that determined experimentally through wave transmission tests. The same interferometer has also been shown to be applicable to the measurement of pulsating pressures in oil.

DOI： 10.1243/PIME_PROC_1994_208_126_02

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DOI： 10.5739/jfps1970.24.729

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

Tensile stresses in liquids are not necessarily a familiar idea in fluid engineering, so much less accepted is the reality of tensile waves travelling through a liquid continuum. The present paper aims at giving evident proof for the premise. In a pipe with its end closed, branching from the main line where column separation is started, alternating tensile and compressive waves have been beautifully created and measured. It has turned out that the ordinary viscous wave equation can properly predict the time profiles of the masured pressures, which reveals that a tensile wave propagates in oil at the same speed as a compressive one. The observations by use of a transparent acrylic tube have also revealed the rupturing of an oil column under an excessive transient tensile stress; in the aftermath there has emerged a bubble which is usually mistaken for the cause of cavitation, but is actually brought about by diffusive separation of gas from the oil into the rupture.

DOI： 10.1299/kikaib.58.779

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Event date： 2021.9.15 - 2021.9.17

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Event date： 2021.3.5

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2021.3.5

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2020.11.28

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2020.11.28

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2020.11.21

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2020.3.13

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2020.3.13

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2019.10.5

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2019.3.15

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2019.3.14

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2018.12.1

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2018.12.1

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2018.10.27

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2018.10.27

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2018.9.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2018.9.6

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2018.8.6

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2018.8.6

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2017.11.26

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

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Event date： 2017.11.26

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

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Event date： 2017.11.22

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2017.11.22

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2017.11.22

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2017.10.7

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2017.8.23

Language：English  

In a haptic shape task, the human ability to discriminate objects on basis of their shape, as defined by active exploratory movements of the hand, is dependent on receptors located in the skin and deep structures. The shape of a 2-d object is a function of its geometric properties, including the pattern of the surfaces that form the object, their density, their size, and their spatial features. It is now widely known that haptic shape task shares neural activity in visual cortical areas, but we have little information about the factors for haptic shape perception. We investigated to what factors of pattern play an important role in a haptic shape discrimination task. Haptic shape can be gained through a small braille device. There are 10 baselines in the experiment, and 6 kinds of other patterns based on each baseline were made. Healthy right-handed subjects performed a delayed-match-to sample task discriminating between pairs of two-dimensional patterns. From the different characteristics of difficulty in the pattern task, we concluded that different difficulty in discrimination task are underling haptic shape patterns with different densities and sizes.

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Event date： 2017.8.23

Language：English  

Although previous studies have demonstrated visual processing in detection and discrimination task in human, how detection and discrimination task alter visual processing has not yet been completely elucidated. To investigate this issue, we design performing two classical perceptual tasks: 1) grating detection experiment, 2) grating orientation discrimination experiment. In grating detection experiment, participants were instructed to identify stimulus, if they saw a stimulus, by pressing right button as quickly and accurately as possible. In grating orientation discrimination experiment, participants were told to identify the orientation of the stimulus and pressed relevant button as quickly and accurately as possible. We assessed the diversity by measuring the magnitude of sensitivity and intercepts through reaction times (RT). The results showed that RT strongly depended on experimental task. The response to discrimination task is significantly slower than that for detection task (p &lt
0.05). However, visual detectability was not depended on experimental task, and no significant difference of sensitivity was found among detection task and discrimination task (p &gt
0.05). Our results provide unique insight into how the brain processes visual signal of different experimental task, and will provide some basic data for human-robot signal processing.

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Event date： 2017.8.23

Language：English  

Recently, virtual reality (VR) have received increasing attention. For the development of VR, human recognition mechanism is a crucial factor. Previous neuroimaging studies of the visual recognition have found that mechanism of recognition is different on retinal eccentricity of visual field. For example, when we recognize the face, the building and the scene, we use the central vision field. However not only the central vision field but also the peripheral vision field is used for building recognition. And for the recognize of the scene, the peripheral vision field is even more important than central vision field. Revealing the object recognition mechanism demands us to clarify the functions of the central and the peripheral vision field. The purpose of this study is the first step to reveal the object recognition mechanism of the central and the peripheral vision field. We analyze the dependency of the fundamental elements of the objects on retinal eccentricity. The retinal eccentricity is the degree of the gap between the central and the peripheral vision field. Basically, we measured the dependency of recognition on retinal eccentricity of visual field as we changed the elements and the exposure duration of stimuli. The fundamental elements of the objects are the stimuli size and the line width of the stimuli. The stimuli size and the line width of the stimuli showed a large dependency on retinal eccentricity of visual field. But the exposure duration of stimuli showed a small dependency on retinal eccentricity of visual field.

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Event date： 2017.8.6 - 2017.8.9

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2017.8.6 - 2017.8.9

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2017.8.6 - 2017.8.9

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2017.6.13 - 2017.6.16

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2017.3.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

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Event date： 2017.3.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

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Event date： 2017.3.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

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Event date： 2016.8.10

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2016.8.10

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2016.8.9

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2016.8.5

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2016.8.5

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2016.8.5

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2016.8.4

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2016.7.26 - 2016.7.31

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2016.3.8

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

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Event date： 2016.3.8

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

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Event date： 2016.3.8

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

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Event date： 2016.3.8

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

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Event date： 2015.11.28

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2015.11.28

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2015.11.28

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2015.11.28

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2015.11.28

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2015.8.3

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2015.6.20

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2015.6.20

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2015.6.19

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2015.6.19

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2015.3.6

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2015.3.6

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2015.2.27

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2014.10.4

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2014.8.15

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Working memory are closely related to everyday cognition (such as remembering the conversation and characters). Studies with hearing, vision stimulation have always been carried out, but studies using tactile stimulation are very little. However, tactile working memory is the ability to reproduce the functionality of the somatosensory system. It is very relevant to elucidation of the somatosensory system and intellectual impairment of tactile. Moreover, Visual and Auditory task have possibilities affect education and living environment, such as number, language and so on. On the other hand, tactile stimulation task can research human cognition without the problem. However, tactile stimulation is presented by hand, so study of tactile working memory does not consider pressure information and influence result. Moreover, Active region of brain is changed from time to time in working memory, it must be considered too. Memory in order to investigate the tactile working memory, device for considering the pressure information and to present the tactile stimulation on constant conditions is indispensable. In this Study, we developed and evaluated a device for tactile spatial research in high magnetic field environment. Consideration to advanced research on fMRI environment in the future, we developed device in High magnetic field environment.

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Event date： 2014.8.13

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2014.8.13

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2014.6.27

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2014.6.26

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2014.3.8

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2014

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2013.11.8

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

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Event date： 2013.10.31

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

In present paper, we described a novel wide-view visual presentation system for fMRI studies. To achieve a wide field view, a translucent spherical screen with a curvature radius of 30 mm was placed 30 mm away from the subjects' eyes. The subjects wore contact lenses that enabled them to focus on the screen, and the resulting visual field reached 120 degrees. Then, high resolution computer-generated images were projected onto the translucent hemispheric screen inside the MRI bore. Signal-to-noise ratio valuation experiment was performed to evaluate the clarity and quality of the MRI images. In addition, we successfully applied this visual presentation system to studies of visual retinotopic mapping and object perception neural function in the peripheral visual field. Our study demonstrated that the system is compatible with the MRI environment. Moreover, this system was more effective at mapping checkerboard stimuli in V1-V3, and successfully located several classical category-selective areas, including the face-selective area (FFA), occipital face area (OFA), house-selective area (PPA), transverse occipital sulcus (TOS), lateral occipital complex (LOC) in higher-level visual areas. In conclusion, the wide-view visual presentation system within the MRI environment can be applied to many kinds of fMRI studies of peripheral vision.

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Event date： 2013.9.10

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2013.9.10

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2013.9.10

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2013.9.8

Language：Japanese  

Working memory has important role in daily life and a lot of research was done in visual or auditory information. However, tactile working memory was unclear indeed. So we did research for tactile working memory capacity using n-back task for young and elder subjects. The experimental stimulus was raised shape of four directions 'V'. The subjects recognized these shapes by index finger. Next, subjects compared the current stimuli with the n times back stimuli. Subjects then responded whether the direction of a stimulus is the same or different. As a result, there was a significant difference between young and elder subjects in accuracy. We presume that these results depend on aging effect of a working memory capacity and decline of the recognition capability. The next step to find property is measurement of brain activity for tactile n-back task.

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Event date： 2013

Language：English  

The 'parahippocampal place area, PPA' within parahippocampal cortex is generally implicated in perceiving the local visual environment. This region responds selectively and automatically in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to house images. Previous studies have indicated that the house-selective response in the PPA can be explained by selectivity for low-level features of the visual stimuli, such as geometric structure and high special frequency (SF). However, it remains unclear which of the two visual features of stimuli contributes more to the house-selective response in the PPA. To address this issue, we compared the PPA response to house pictographs and Chinese logographs with two different levels of white noise. fMRI was used to record the subjects' PPA activation during category discrimination task between house and word. As a result, the PPA showed significant main effect of category but not noise level. The results suggest that the PPA is more tuned to geometrical structure of visual stimuli than their high SF features. © 2013 IEEE.

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Event date： 2012.12.15

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2012.12.15

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2012.12.15

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2012.12.15

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

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Event date： 2012.10.21

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2012.8.7

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2012.8.6

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2012.7.2

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2012.3.1

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2011.5.26

Language：Japanese  

In present study, we developed a tactile speed patterns presentation device that is capable of perform the tactile speed perception and discrimination experiments. It can serve to determining the underlying central neural mechanisms that contribute to tactile speed perception and discrimination. The device consists of two dots stimulus discs, one stepping motor, one motor controller and one computer. We used energy from the stepping motor to rotate the dots stimulus discs to present the different tactile speeds. The information related to rotating speed and time will be recorded with the computer. Then, five healthy subjects were asked to conduct a tactile speed estimation experiment using present device. The results indicated that the subjects underestimate the perceived tactile speed compare to the standard speed.

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Event date： 2011.5.26

Language：Japanese  

In present study, we developed a pointing movement experimental device with visual feedback control function that is capable of perform the cognitive psychological procedure relate to own hand movements. It can serve to determining the human characteristics of pointing movement with or without visual feedback restriction. The main part of present device consists of a touch monitor, one set of light control glass, a relay switch electric circuit and computer. The subjects can do the pointing movement on the touch monitor and the visual feedback restriction will carry out with a combination of light control glass and relay switch. Finally, we performed a vision restricted pointing movement task with lateral ocular. The results suggest that although the visual feedback was restricted, the pointing movement depend on the index difficulty of targets.

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Event date： 2011.3.5

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2011.3.5

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2011.2.23

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2010.11.27

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2010.10.30

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2010.9.25

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2010.9.24

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2010.6.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2010.5.24 - 2011.5.24

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2009.2.26

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2008.10.6

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2008.2.26

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2008.2.26

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2008.1.24

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2007.11.17

Language：Japanese  

The present authors have conducted observations of separating oil flows for years and have discovered a phenomenon that an infinitesimal cavity suddenly emerges on the wall close to the point of separation. The new-born cavity grows and splits releasing a lot of minute bubbles to downstream. The present paper intends to answer the following question presumably given to the discovery by traditional cavitation researchers dealing with water flow; does the same phenomenon occur in water flows with separation? Through observations of water flows in rectangular and cylindrical constrictions using a super-high speed video camera and a long distance microscope, it has been confirmed that a cavity is suddenly born near the separation point in water flows as well. In other words, the same mechanism of cavity generation at the point of separation commonly exists both in water flows and oil ones.

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Event date： 2007.11.17

Language：Japanese  

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the stress at the separation point in laminar flow from an analysis of velocity distribution obtained by PIV method. For the purpose of measurement of fluid velocity near the wall, density and size of smoke particle in air were better than those of additives in mineral oil or of scattering particles seeded in tap water. The fluid on the stream line starting from the point of separation accelerated in a narrow area with large tensile and shearing stress. This result means that huge stress is produced around at the point of separation by flow.

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Event date： 2007.3.7

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2007.3.7

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2007.3.7

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2007.3.7

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2006.2.23

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2006.2.23

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2006.2.23

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2006.2.23

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2005.10

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2005.10

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2005.2.24

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2005.2.24

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2004.3.6

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2004.3.6

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2004.3.6

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2003.2.24

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2002.2.21

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2002.2.21

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2001.2.21

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2001.2.21

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2000.2.25

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2000.2.25

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 1999.10.1

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 1999.10.1

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 1999.10.1

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 1998.10.23

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 1998.10.20

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 1998.8

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 1998.5.28

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 1998.5.28

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 1998.5.28

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 1998.3.10

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 1998.3.10

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 1997.10.23

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 1997.10.23

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 1997.10.1

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 1997.10.1

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Event date： 1997.5.22

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 1996.9.23

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 1996.7.24

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 1996.5.30

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 1996.5.30

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 1996.3.8

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Event date： 1996.3.8

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 1996.3.8

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 1995.12.2

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 1995.5.25

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 1995.3.8

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 1995.3.8

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 1994.10.20

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 1994.5.27

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 1994.5.27

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 1994.5.27

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 1993.11.8

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 1993.8.6

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

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Event date： 1993.8.4

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 1993.5.24

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Event date： 1993.3.9

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Event date： 1993.3.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 1993.3.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 1992.8.27

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 1991.9.5

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 1991.3.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 1991.3.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 1990.10

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 1990.7.19

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 1990.5

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 1990.3.23

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 1989.5

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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