Updated on 2024/10/18

写真a

 
KOMATSU Mitsuru
 
Organization
Faculty of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology Professor
Position
Professor
External link

Degree

  • Engineering ( Okayama University )

Research Interests

  • Groundwater Engineering

  • 地下水工学

Research Areas

  • Social Infrastructure (Civil Engineering, Architecture, Disaster Prevention) / Geotechnical engineering

Education

  • Okayama University   大学院自然科学研究科   生産開発科学専攻(博士課程)

    1997.3 - 2000.4

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    Country: Japan

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  • Okayama University    

    - 2000

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  • Okayama University   大学院工学研究科   土木工学専攻(修士課程)

    1995.4 - 1997.3

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  • Okayama University   工学部   土木工学科

    1991.4 - 1995.3

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    Country: Japan

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  • Okayama University    

    - 1995

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Research History

  • Okayama University   学術研究院環境生命科学学域(工)   Professor

    2021.4

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  • Okayama University   The Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science   Associate Professor

    2017.4 - 2021.3

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  • Okayama University   Solid Waste Management Research Center

    2011 - 2017

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  • Okayama University   大学院環境学研究科   Associate Professor

    2009 - 2010

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  • 米国コロラド鉱山大学 客員研究員

    2004 - 2005

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  • Okayama University   Faculty of Environmental Science and Technology

    2000 - 2009

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Professional Memberships

Committee Memberships

  • 地盤工学会   代議員  

    2014   

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    Committee type:Academic society

    地盤工学会

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  • 日本地下水学会   評議員  

    2013   

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    Committee type:Academic society

    日本地下水学会

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  • 地盤工学会 地盤調査規格・基準委員会   委員(WG3幹事)  

    2008   

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    Committee type:Academic society

    地盤工学会 地盤調査規格・基準委員会

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  • 地盤工学会   会員  

    2000   

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    Committee type:Academic society

    地盤工学会

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  • 日本地下水学会   会員  

    2000   

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    Committee type:Academic society

    日本地下水学会

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  • 土木学会   会員  

    2000   

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    Committee type:Academic society

    土木学会

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Papers

  • Assessing water position through distributed temperature sensing using Rayleigh-based optical frequency-domain reflectometry: a laboratory feasibility study Reviewed

    Acharya, Ashis, Tanimura, Daiki, Zhang, Chao, Ito, Fumihiko, Sakaki, Toshihiro, Komatsu, Mitsuru, Doi, Issei, Kogure, Tetsuya

    Canadian Geotechnical Journal   2024.6

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

    DOI: 10.1139/cgj-2023-0345

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  • 比貯留係数Ssの文献値に関する考察 Reviewed

    進士喜英, 小松 満

    地下水学会誌   65 ( 4 )   349 - 353   2023.11

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    Authorship:Corresponding author   Language:Japanese   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

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  • 現場試料の細粒分を用いた懸濁液注入による透水性低減効果に関する基礎的研究 Reviewed

    柴原 晃, 高橋 啓介, 小松 満

    地盤と建設   40 ( 1 )   25 - 33   2023.1

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  • カオリンクレー懸濁液の砂層への注入範囲に関する研究 Reviewed

    柴原 晃, 高橋 啓介, 小松 満

    地盤と建設   40 ( 1 )   81 - 88   2023.1

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  • 設計に用いる地盤特性・挙動に関わる評価式:透水係数 Invited

    小松 満

    基礎工   50 ( 7 )   31 - 34   2022.7

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  • Dielectric behavior of wet soils in the 1-36 GHz microwave range: Modeling and validation Reviewed

    辻本久美子, 太田哲, 藤井秀幸, 小松満

    土壌の物理性   ( 151 )   2022

  • Effectiveness of siphon drainage method for landslide stabilization in a tropical volcanic hillslope: a case study of Cibitung Landslide, West Java, Indonesia Reviewed

    Adrin Tohari, Sunarya Wibawa, Keigo Koizumi, Kazuhiro Oda, Mitsuru Komatsu

    Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment   80 ( 3 )   2101 - 2116   2021.3

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

    DOI: 10.1007/s10064-020-02093-2

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    Other Link: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10064-020-02093-2/fulltext.html

  • A FUNDAMENTAL STUDY ON THE EFFECTIVENESS IN PERMEABILITY REDUCTION BY INJECTING PRESSURIZED KAOLIN CLAY SUSPENSION INTO HIGHLY PERMEABLE SAND LAYER Reviewed

    高橋啓介, 小松満, 岩田徹, 瀧本弘治

    土木学会論文集 C(地圏工学)(Web)   77 ( 3 )   2021

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  • A CONSIDERATION FOR EVALUATING OF SLOPE HEALTH MONITORING DURING RAINFALL FOCUSING ON VOLUMETRIC WATER CONTENT Reviewed

    小泉圭吾, 小松満, 小田和広, 伊藤真一, 堤浩志

    土木学会論文集 C(地圏工学)(Web)   77 ( 2 )   2021

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  • Fabrication of Impedance Sensor with Hydrophilic Property to Monitor Soil Water Content for Slope Failure Prognostics Reviewed

    Futagawa, M, Ito, T, Ogasahara, S, Kusano, K, Fuwa, Y, Komatsu, M

    SENSORS AND MATERIALS   33 ( 12 )   4147 - 4156   2021

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

    DOI: 10.18494/SAM.2021.3155

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  • カオリンクレー懸濁液の注入特性と移動特性に与える要因の検討 Reviewed

    高橋啓介, 小松満, 岩田徹, 瀧本弘治, 柴原晃

    地盤と建設   38 ( 1 )   51 - 58   2020.12

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  • 水ガラス系および水ガラス・粘土混合系溶液注入地盤の動水勾配の変化に対する透水性評価 Reviewed

    高橋啓介, 小松満, 岩田徹, 岩本昭仁, 北川貴士, 瀧本弘治, 柴原晃

    地盤と建設   38 ( 1 )   83 - 88   2020.12

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  • A validation of shallow slope failure monitoring method based on the field soil moisture obserbations Reviewed

    M. Komatsu, K. Koizumi

    Proceedings of 10th Int. Conf. on Geotechnique, Construction Materials and Environment, Melbourne, Australia, 11-13 November 2020, GX252   176 - 181   2020.11

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  • A study on migration of kaolin clay suspension in the pores used for reducing sand layer permeability Reviewed

    K. Takahashi, M. Komatsu, T. Iwata, K. Takimoto

    Proceedings of 10th Int. Conf. on Geotechnique, Construction Materials and Environment, Melbourne, Australia, 11-13 November 2020, GX253   182 - 187   2020.11

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  • 体積含水率の減少速度からすべり面深を予測る試み

    塚部聡太, 小泉圭吾, 小松満, 小田和広, 伊藤真一

    地下水地盤環境・防災・計測技術に関するシンポジウム(Kansai Geo-Symposium 2020)論文集   2020.11

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  • Prediction method of slip surface depth for slope health monitoring based on volumetric water content Reviewed

    K Koizumi, S. Tsukabe, M. Komatsu, K Oda, S Ito

    ,Proceedings of 10th Int. Conf. on Geotechnique, Construction Materials and Environment, Melbourne, Australia, 11-13 November 2020, GX141   21 - 26   2020.11

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  • Fundamental study on installation position of sensors for on-site monitoring focusing on slope failure Reviewed

    H. Iwamoto, K Koizumi, M. Komatsu, H. Tsutsum

    Proceedings of 10th Int. Conf. on Geotechnique, Construction Materials and Environment, Melbourne, Australia, 11-13 November 2020, GX142   27 - 32   2020.11

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  • Disaster report of 2018 July Heavy Rain for geo-structures and slopes in Okayama Reviewed

    Nishimura, S, Takeshita, Y, Nishiyama S, Suzuki S, Shibata, T, Shuku, T, M.Komatsu, B.Kim

    Soils and Foundations   60 ( 1 )   300 - 314   2020.2

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  • 小型半導体チップ型センサを用いた土中水分量のトモグラフィー計測に関する室内実験 Reviewed

    小松満, 二川雅登, 藤原優, 田久勉

    地盤工学ジャーナル   15 ( 1 )   199 - 211   2020

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  • :無線センサーネットワークの端末・中継機における送信タイミング自律調停プロトコルの検討 Reviewed

    不破泰, 増田聖乃, アサノデービッド, 小松満, 二川雅登, 末廣太貴, 田久修

    電子情報通信学会論文誌B   Vol.J103-B ( 7 )   247 - 257   2020

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  • 河川堤防における浸透破壊のパターンに関する模型実験 Reviewed

    小松 満, 中原 佑, 高橋 啓介

    地盤と建設   37 ( 1 )   2019.12

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  • カオリンクレー注入地盤の動水勾配の変化に対する透水性評価 Reviewed

    高橋 啓介, 小松 満, 瀧本 弘治

    地盤と建設   37 ( 1 )   2019.12

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  • 単孔を利用した透水試験方法の非定常法における直線勾配法の解釈に関する検討 Reviewed

    小松 満, 中本 萌

    地盤と建設   37 ( 1 )   2019.12

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  • 擬似飽和現象に着目した現地観測結果の一考察

    岡崎 滉太, 小泉 圭吾, 小松 満, 小田 和広, 堤 浩志

    地下水地盤環境・防災・計測技術に関するシンポジウム(Kansai Geo-Symposium 2019)論文集   105 - 108   2019.11

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  • 擬似飽和体積含水率に着目した現場計測データに基づく豪雨時ののり面監視手法に関する研究

    小泉 圭吾, 堤 浩志, 小田 和広, 伊藤 真一, 小松 満

    地下水地盤環境・防災・計測技術に関するシンポジウム論文集(Kansai Geo-Symposium 2019)   -   287 - 291   2019.11

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  • チップ型半導体式マルチモーダルセンサを用いた高速道路法面内の水分挙動をモニタリングする手法の確立と適用性検討

    小松満

    高速道路と自動車   62 ( 9 )   57 - 58   2019.9

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  • Fabrication of a High-sensitive Small Signal Processing Circuit to Monitor Groundwater in Slope of Highway Road Reviewed

    Futagawa Masato, Komatsu Mitsuru, Fujiwara Yu

    IEEJ Transactions on Sensors and Micromachines   139 ( 9 )   283 - 288   2019.9

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    Language:Japanese   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:一般社団法人 電気学会  

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  • Slope structural health monitoring method against rainfall-induced shallow landslide Reviewed

    K Koizumi, K Oda, M Komatsu, S Ito, H Tsutsumi

    7th International Conference on Euro Asia Civil Engineering Forum   2019.9

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  • Pressurized clay injection method using kaolinite for controlling groundwater of a saturated sand layer Reviewed

    M Komatsu, K Takahashi, K Takimoto

    7th International Conference on Euro Asia Civil Engineering Forum   2019.9

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  • 半導体センサを用いた土中水分分布の計測技術

    小松満, 二川雅登, 藤原優, 田岸宏孝

    地盤工学会誌   67 ( 7 )   30 - 31   2019.7

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  • 平成30年7月豪雨における岡山の土構造物及び斜面の災害 Reviewed

    西村伸一, 柴田俊文, 珠玖隆行, 竹下祐二, 小松 満, 金 秉洙

    地盤工学会誌   67 ( 7 )   18 - 21   2019.7

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  • Establishment of technology for constructing sensor networks to support safe and secure areas in collaboration with the local government

    Yasushi Fuwa, Masato Futagawa, Mitsuru Komatsu

    Proceedings - IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems   2019-   2019

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.  

    This paper describes the sensor network systems developed in cooperation with Shiojiri city. We developed a relay network for sensor networks with high robustness that continues to operate even in the event of a large-scale disaster. By making use of the technology, a relay network composed of more than 600 repeaters was built and is currently operational in Shiojiri city in the Nagano Prefecture. Additionally, by using this relay network as a test bed, we developed various applications, and have been operating them locally as well as in other areas. Based on these experiences, this paper describes the development of the information and communications technology and its outcomes obtained from building the test bed.

    DOI: 10.1109/ISCAS.2019.8702078

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  • Relationship between quasi-saturated volumetric water content and rainfall-induced slope deformation based on a model slope experiment Reviewed

    K.Koizumi, K.Sakuradani, K.Oda, M.Komatsu, S.Itoh

    Journal of GeoEngineering, Taiwan Geotechnical Society,   13 ( 4 )   179 - 186   2018.12

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  • 空気圧を用いた連通試験に関する水平一次元要素結果の評価 Reviewed

    西原 直也, 小松 満

    地盤と建設   36 ( 1 )   39 - 46   2018.12

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  • 河川堤防の弱点箇所を抽出する空気圧による連通試験手法の開発 Reviewed

    新村 卓也, 藤吉 秀彰, 舘川 逸朗, 齋藤雅彦, 珠玖 隆行, 小松 満, 西村 伸一, 西垣 誠

    地盤と建設   36 ( 1 )   71 - 78   2018.12

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  • 透水性基礎地盤に起因する 河川堤防のパイピング進行性破壊に関する模型実験 Reviewed

    小松満, 増山博之, 新村卓也, 舘川逸朗, 西垣誠

    地盤と建設   36 ( 1 )   111 - 118   2018.12

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  • 都市域山岳NATM施工時における軟弱地山対する補助法の採用事例 Reviewed

    高橋啓介, 光増朝久, 吉本治憲, 大金隆宏, 小松満

    地盤と建設   36 ( 1 )   153 - 160   2018.12

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  • 初期擬似飽和体積含水率(IQS)測定手法の一提案

    西村美紀, 喜多浩志, 小泉圭吾, 小松満, 小田和広

    地下水地盤環境・防災・計測技術に関するシンポジウム論文集(Kansai Geo-Symposium 2018)   -   235 - 238   2018.11

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  • 擬似飽和体積含水率と降雨強度の関係性に関する一考察

    山本健史, 小泉圭吾, 櫻谷慶治, 小松満, 伊藤真一, 小田和広

    地下水地盤環境・防災・計測技術に関するシンポジウム論文集(Kansai Geo-Symposium 2018)   -   191 - 194   2018.11

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  • Fundamental study of the effect of water level lowering in the groundwater drainage work utilizing siphon Reviewed

    Yamamoto, T, Y. Minamiguchi, K. Koizumi, M. Komatsu, K. Oda, A. Tohari

    8th Int. Conf. on Geotechnique, Construction Materials and Environment,Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Nov. 20-22   300 - 305   2018.11

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  • Methods to measure the initial Quasi-saturated volumetric water content of soil Reviewed

    Nishimura, M, H. Kita, M. Komatsu, K. Koizumi, K. Oda, K. Sakuradani

    8th Int. Conf. on Geotechnique, Construction Materials and Environment,Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Nov. 20-22   306 - 310   2018.11

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  • Evaluation of the calibration accuracy of soil moisture using a new microchip sensor Reviewed

    Komatsu,M, M. Futagawa, Y. Fuwa

    8th Int. Conf. on Geotechnique, Construction Materials and Environment,Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Nov. 20-22   306 - 310   2018.11

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  • A fundamental experiment on pneumatic tomography of unsaturated soil ground using a horizontal one-dimensional column Reviewed

    Nishihara, N, M. Komatsu

    8th Int. Conf. on Geotechnique, Construction Materials and Environment,Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Nov. 20-22   549 - 554   2018.11

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  • Relationship between quasi-saturated volumetric water content and slope deformation based on a model slope experiment Reviewed

    SAKURADANI Keiji, KOIZUMI Keigo, ODA Kazuhiro, ITO Shinichi, KOMATSU Mitsuru

    Japanese Geotechnical Journal   13 ( 3 )   183 - 192   2018.9

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    Language:Japanese   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:公益社団法人 地盤工学会  

    <p>The authors hypothesized that displacement on a model slope would not occur unless the initial quasi-saturated volumetric water content was exceeded. This prediction was based on a past experiment using a small model slope for the purpose of predicting slope failure beforehand. However, in previous experiments, the soil-layer thickness of the slope was as thin as 100 mm, so the behaviors of sensors installed at the upper, middle, and lower slopes were nearly the same. Also, the size of the model slope was small, and the characteristics of each point could not be grasped. Therefore, in this study, we verified whether the hypothesis obtained from past experimental results was valid even when the topsoil-layer thickness to 300mm and the model size are increased. The following findings were obtained. Displacement was confirmed to occur in the vicinity of the toe of the slope after the volumetric water content exceed the initial quasi-saturated volumetric water content. On the other hand, in the middle part of the slope, while still below the initial quasi-saturated volumetric water content, displacement was confirmed. Thus, depending on the installation position, the displacement may occur before the initial quasi-saturated volumetric water content is exceeded. </p>

    DOI: 10.3208/jgs.13.183

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  • Study of a Semiconductor Type pH Sensor to Measure Low Water Content Soils in Real-time Reviewed

    Futagawa Masato, Uemura Keisuke, Nomiyama Kumiko, Hirano Harutoyo, Watanabe Minoru, Komatsu Mitsuru

    IEEJ Transactions on Sensors and Micromachines   138 ( 9 )   417 - 422   2018.9

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    Language:Japanese   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:一般社団法人 電気学会  

    <p>Real time measurement of soil pH is demanded in precision agriculture. Therefore, pH measurement capability in low water content soil was needed to confirm. In this paper, we fabricated an ISFET type pH sensor which can be inserted into soil. The sensor performed to measure two type of experiments. First, we experimented with changes in sensor output due to soil water content. The sensor output voltages were changed by changes in the soil pH value. In contrast, the voltages didn't be changed by changes in the soil water content. Secondly, we experimented whether the output of the sensor shows the same change when the soil pH changes during the measurement. The sensor could detect the pH value of soil which was changed dramatically by passing water. We confirmed that the ISFET type pH sensor can directly measure soil pH in real time.</p>

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  • 地下水流動の調査技術と留意点 (特集 基礎工と地下水処理・対策)

    小松 満

    基礎工 = The foundation engineering & equipment, monthly : 土木・建築基礎工事と機材の専門誌   46 ( 6 )   21 - 24   2018.6

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    Language:Japanese   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:総合土木研究所  

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  • Fabrication of a low leakage current type impedance sensor with shielding structures to detect a low water content of soil for slope failure prognostics Reviewed

    Masato Futagawa, Shin Ogasahara, Tatsumi Ito, Mitsuru Komatsu, Yasushi Fuwa, Harutoyo Hirano, Ippei Akita, Kenichiro Kusano, Minoru Watanabe

    Sensors and Actuators, A: Physical   271 ( 271 )   383 - 388   2018.3

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Elsevier B.V.  

    A low-leakage-current-type impedance sensor chip with shield structures has been fabricated. The low limit detection of soil-water-content measurement was improved compared with that of the other semiconductor-type sensors. The shield structures were fabricated under the impedance sensor areas. To measure the weak signal current eliminated by the leakage current, we proposed a new operation circuit to separate the leakage current. Our sensor was able to measure low water content of 10% or less. The sensor could detect the change of water content in the slope of mountain when it rained.

    DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2017.12.022

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  • Laboratory experiments on initiation of rainfall-induced slope failure with moisture content measurements

    Adrin Tohari, Makoto Nishigaki, Mitsuru Komatsu

    ISRM International Symposium 2000, IS 2000   2018

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher:International Society for Rock Mechanics  

    A series of laboratory slope failure experiments was conducted to elucidate the initiation of rainfall-induced slope failures from moisture content measurement records. The change in moisture content during the infiltration of rainwater and at initiation of slope failures was monitored by moisture sensors (Amplitude Domain Reflectrometry type). Prior to experiments, numerical unsteady seepage analyses were also conducted to identify the hydraulic response of the soil slope models to rainfall. The experiment results showed that slope failures were initiated by the increase in moisture content of the soil at the toe of the slope. Moisture content of the soil was noted to reach its saturated value at the time of failure. This indicates that rainfall-induced slope failure is a consequence of instability of the toe of the slope induced by saturation process under drained condition, and the major portion of the sliding mass may still be in an unsaturated condition. The experiments reported in this Paper also indicated that the direct measurements of change in moisture content could provide a great possibility in predicting the critical time of the initiation of rainfall-induced slope failures. Therefore, the results of applying any moisture sensors to predict and to monitor slope movements are encouraging.

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  • 試験孔内での注水による現場飽和状態及び有効間隙率の測定方法に関する研究 Reviewed

    小松 満, 喜多 浩志, 小泉 圭吾

    地盤と建設   35 ( 1 )   225 - 232   2017.12

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  • 地盤内の弱点箇所を調査する空気圧連通試験に関する水平一次元カラムを用いた基礎的実験 Reviewed

    小松 満, 西原 直也, 新村 卓也, 舘川 逸朗, 西垣 誠

    地盤と建設   35 ( 1 )   101 - 108   2017.12

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  • Column based infiltration experiment for considering initial Quasi-saturaeted volumetric water content due to defferences of water spray intensity and grain size distribution Reviewed

    H.Kita, K.Koizumi, K.Oda, M. Komatsu

    Third International Conference on Science, Engineering & Environment (SEE-USQ 2017), GEOMATE International Society   13 - 16   2017.11

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  • Fabrication of a low leakage current type impedance sensor to monitor soil water content for slope failure prognostics Reviewed

    Masato Futagawa, Shin Ogasahara, Tatsumi Ito, Mitsuru Komatsu, Yasushi Fuwa, Harutoyo Hirano, Ippei Akita, Kenichiro Kusano, Minoru Watanabe

    TRANSDUCERS 2017 - 19th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems   1136 - 1139   2017.7

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    A low-leakage-current type impedance sensor chip with shield structures has been fabricated. The low limit detection of soil-water-content measurement was improved compared with that of the other semiconductor type sensors. The shield structures were fabricated under the impedance sensor areas. To measure weak signal current eliminated the leakage current, we proposed a new operation circuit to separate the leakage current. Our sensor achieved to measure low water content 10 % or less.

    DOI: 10.1109/TRANSDUCERS.2017.7994253

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  • Fundamental study on siphon drainage method for landslide mitigation Reviewed

    Y. Minamiguchi, K. Koizumi, K. Oda, S. Kobashi, M. Komatsu, T Adrin

    15th REAAA CONFERENCE   226 - 232   2017.3

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  • 基礎技術講座 現場透水試験

    小松 満

    地質と調査   2017 ( 1 )   51 - 56   2017.1

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  • An example of test methods for permeability of bentonite-based material

    小松 満

    地盤工学シンポジウム論文集 地盤工学会 編   60   29 - 32   2016.12

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  • Characterization of soil permeability in Prambanan Temple Yard based on development of in situ test

    A. Rifa'i, Y. Takeshita, M. Komatsu

    International Journal of GEOMATE   11 ( 26 )   2620 - 2625   2016.10

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  • 模型土層にサイフォンを用いた際の内径と排水量,水位に関する研究 Reviewed

    南口優貴, 小泉圭吾, 小田和広, 小橋俊也, 小松満, Adrin Tohari

    土木学会西部支部第8回土砂災害に関するシンポジウム   247 - 250   2016.9

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  • Determination of unsaturated soil permeability based on geometric factor development of constant discharge model Reviewed

    A. Rifa'i, Y. Takeshita, M. Komatsu

    World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology,International Journal of Environmental, Chemical, Ecological, Geological and Geophysical Engineering   10 ( 9 )   2016.9

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  • Extending Water Retention Curves to a Quasi-Saturated Zone Subjected to a High Water Pressure up to 1.5 Megapascals

    Toshihiro Sakaki, Mitsuru Komatsu, Ryuji Takeuchi

    VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL   15 ( 8 )   2016.8

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    On closure of an underground facility, recovery of the geoenvironmental conditions is one of the essential issues for ensuring proper implementation of closure. At the Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory, Gifu, Japan, a tunnel flooding test is underway in which a section of a deep underground tunnel is filled with groundwater and the existing desaturated zone with trapped air is subjected to high water pressure. Water saturation in the unsaturated zone as a function of capillary pressure is well understood. However, the process of a saturation increase due to a further increase in water pressure is less well studied. In this study, a simplified laboratory setup using test sands with trapped air was established in a pressure chamber. The relationship between the positive water pressure up to 1.5 MPa and saturation was measured and the effect of the compression of trapped air bubbles on the change in saturation was investigated. The experimental results showed that the saturation increased further from the initial saturation of about 0.85 at zero suction. Most of the saturation increase occurred up to a water pressure of 0.5 MPa, at which the saturation reached 0.98. At 1.5 MPa, the air bubbles were compressed to a non-detectable level so that the sands were fully saturated. A mathematical model was established based solely on Boyle's law to define the water retention curve in a broad sense for the domain where the water pressure is positive. The measured water pressure-saturation data closely followed the relationship estimated with the established model.

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  • 小型半導体チップ型センサによる地盤の間隙変化の計測方法に関する基礎的実験 Reviewed

    小松満, 竹下祐二, 二川雅登, 不破泰, 鈴木彦文, 熊倉信行, 吉野晃

    地盤と建設   33 ( 1 )   163 - 168   2015.12

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  • 静電容量センサによるベントナイト系材料の水分量計測に関する基礎的研究(共著) Reviewed

    小松満, 佃明恵, 榊利博

    地盤と建設   33 ( 1 )   37 - 44   2015.12

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  • 河川堤防の法面における遠隔水分量モニタリングに向けた実証研究(共著) Reviewed

    小松満, 竹下祐二, 二川雅登, 不破泰, 鈴木彦文, 熊倉信行, 吉野晃

    地盤と建設   33 ( 1 )   169 - 174   2015.12

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  • Development of in situ permeability test using constant discharge method for sandy soils Reviewed

    A. Rifa’i, Y. Takeshita, M. Komatsu

    World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Environmental, Chemical, Ecological, Geological and Geophysical Engineering   9 ( 11 )   1264 - 1268   2015.11

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  • Fabrication of a Hydrophilic Property Impedance Sensor to Stably Monitor Soil Water Content for Slope Failure Prognostics Reviewed

    Masato Futagawa, Tatsumi Ito, Hikofumi Suzuki, Yasushi Fuwa, Arumi Kunii, Yuji Takeshita, Mitsuru Komatsu, Minoru Watanabe

    2015 IEEE SENSORS   1445 - 1448   2015

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    To minimize the damage caused by slope failure, knowledge of the increase in water content in mountain soil is important. Our group has been studying miniaturized impedance sensor for multipoint measurements in the soil. To improve contact characteristics between sensor surface and free water in soil, SiOx film of hydrophilic property covered on our conventional sensor chip. For contact property test, the sensor chip measured impedance of model soils. The proposed sensor achieved to stable contact the free water in the soil. Moreover, the chip operated for long period of time in mountain slope. The sensor could measure nearly theoretical outputs which responded to rainfalls. We succeeded to fabricate the stably soil monitor sensor with hydrophilic film SiOx.

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  • Realization of a Safe and Secure Society using ICT in Shiojiri-City, Nagano Prefecture, Japan -Towards the Creation of a Smart Citie- Reviewed

    Hikofumi Suzuki, Yasushi Fuwa, Masato Futagawa, David K. Asano, Eiki Motoyama, Mitsuru Komatsu, Yuji Takeshita, So Seryu, Haruo Kaneko

    2015 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT (ICT-DM)   186 - 192   2015

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    For some time, we have been working toward the "Realization of a Safe and Secure Society using ICT in Shiojiri-City, Nagano Prefecture." This is a project comprised of two phases: information gathering, and dissemination of information. For information gathering, we are developing systems to confirm the whereabouts of children and the elderly, who are vulnerable in disasters, and systems to gather information on the situation in mountainous regions, rivers etc. For dissemination of information, we are developing systems using broadcast technology for disseminating information to residents, such as disaster information and evacuation warnings derived from the gathered information. This presentation will describe the project goals, the background of the project thus far, and an overview of the developed system. The current situation and plans for the future will also be discussed.

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  • Behavior of trapped air in the unsaturated zone located below the water table: A secondary drainage cycle after resaturation

    SAKAKI Toshihiro, KOMATSU Mitsuru

    Journal of Groundwater Hydrology   56 ( 1 )   27 - 34   2014.2

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    Fluctuations in water table height tend to generate an unsaturated zone located below the water table. It is not well understood how water saturation is affected by trapped air in this unsaturated zone. In this study, water characteristic curves for primary drainage, wetting, resaturation (under the water table), and secondary drainage cycles were measured using a one-dimensional sand-filled column. It was assumed that the pore air pressure was atmospheric and that the effect of air pressure in the discrete air bubbles could be neglected. The experimental results showed that, in the resaturation cycle, the water saturation under positive water pressure increased with water pressure and exceeded that of the water table level whereas, in the secondary drainage cycle, the saturation change was rather small indicating that the water pressure – saturation relationships in resaturation and secondary drainage cycles below the water table were irreversible. Under the conditions considered in this study, the increase of water saturation in the resaturation cycle was found to be largely controlled by the upward movement of trapped air bubbles. The obtained water retention data for the secondary drainage cycle indicated that the relationships can be affected by the maximum resaturation level that the soil has experienced. This suggests that a unique definition of the secondary drainage curve may not be appropriate when the soil has experienced resaturation.

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  • Rules-of-thumb for predicting air-entry value of disturbed sands from particle size Reviewed

    Toshihiro Sakaki, Mitsuru Komatsu, Manabu Takahashi

    Soil Science Society of America Journal   78 ( 2 )   454 - 464   2014

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    With the goal of finding empirical direct relationships between the air-entry values (AEV) and characteristic particle diameters (i.e., d 10, d20, d30, d90,) determined from the particle-size distribution, we examined the AEV values for a variety of disturbed sands. It was found that the AEVs were, in general, strongly correlated to the characteristic diameters. The correlation was more distinct for uniform sands with uniformity coefficient of 2 or smaller. For those with larger uniformity coefficient values, the AEVs were highly correlated to smaller characteristic particle sizes d10 to d50 but less with larger characteristic particle sizes, d60 to d90. For all the sands examined in this study, the AEVs showed the least scatter when plotted against d30. The large particles do not necessarily control the AEVs because the pores between the large particles are often filled with smaller particles. The following best-fit power functions with respect to the frequently used characteristic particle diameters were found to have high r2 values
    AEV = 8.2 d30 -0.99and AEV =9.5 d50 -1.05(with AEV in cm and d in mm). The exponent close to -1 in both relationships confirms a strong "inverse" proportionality. The effective pore diameter, de′, estimated from the AEVs agreed closely with the mean pore diameters measured with mercury porosimetry and X-ray micro-tomography. All these findings suggest that the AEVs are strongly controlled by the particle sizes which determine the mean pore size, and that the capillary rise theory is applicable in terms of the effective pore diameter. Finally, easy-toimplement rule-of-thumb expressions, AEV [cm] = 8/d 30[mm] and AEV [cm] =10/d50[mm] were proposed with some limitations for a quick but reasonably accurate prediction of the AEV. © Soil Science Society of America.

    DOI: 10.2136/sssaj2013.06.0237n

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  • What controls carbon dioxide gas phase evolution in the subsurface? Experimental observations in a 4.5 m-long column under different heterogeneity conditions Reviewed

    Toshihiro Sakaki, Michael R. Plampin, Rajesh Pawar, Mitsuru Komatsu, Tissa H. Illangasekare

    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL   17   66 - 77   2013.9

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    In order to assess the risk of CO2 leakage affecting the groundwater quality in aquifers, it is important to understand the mechanisms of CO2 gas release when brine carrying dissolved CO2 migrates to the shallow subsurface from sequestrated zones of deep geologic formations. As the brine with dissolved CO2 elevates where the water pressure is lower, development of a gas phase starts with evolution of gas out of liquid, followed by gas phase growth and movement. However, conditions under which CO2 gas evolution is triggered, how the gaseous phase CO2 migrates and/or gets entrapped in the naturally heterogeneous formations are not well understood due to the difficulties involved with obtaining detailed experimental data. In this study, our goal was to identify the conditions under which dissolved CO2 forms a gas phase and to understand how the formed CO2 gas migrates through the saturated soil formation. In particular, we put emphasis on the critical gas saturation (at which the onset of gas phase migration occurs) and how this is explained by the theoretical and modeling studies reported in the literature. We have performed a series of experiments in the laboratory using a highly instrumented long column under highly controlled conditions that are not feasible in field settings. The 4.5 m-long vertical column setup was instrumented with automated sensors to continuously monitor phase saturation, electrical conductivity (EC), temperature, and water pressure distribution along the column length as well as the rates of water and gas outflow at the upstream end of the column. The observations showed that (1) concentration of dissolved CO2 influenced the vertical extent of the gas phase formation, (2) the gas formation pattern was different if the saturation pressure was lower or higher than the static water pressure at the injection port which results largely from the gravity and viscous forces somewhat competing under the conditions in the experiments, (3) the mass transfer-dominant period where bubbles grew and water outflow increased was relatively short, (4) gas outflow was detected at the column outlet only after a continuous gas phase was formed and breakthrough had occurred, (5) the critical gas phase saturation at which the generated gas phase gets mobilized was always about 0.3-0.4 in homogeneous cases, (6) for the heterogeneous cases, a gas saturation higher than the critical gas saturation was observed due to accumulation of gas phase under a finer layer, (7) the injection rate did not affect the gas formation behavior whereas the temperature variation did, and (8) in some cases formation of gas appeared to be triggered by heterogeneities. These observations are expected to improve our understanding of gas evolution for better conceptualization and model development. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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  • Behavior of trapped air in the unsaturated zone located below the water table : A slow resaturation cycle

    SAKAKI Toshihiro, KOMATSU Mitsuru

    Journal of Groundwater Hydrology   55 ( 3 )   269 - 277   2013.8

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    The water characteristic curve is one of the important properties of soil required for the evaluation of groundwater flow in the unsaturated zone. Unsaturated zones occur below the water table when there is fluctuation of the water table depth. In such zones, it is not well understood how the trapped air behaves and how it affects water saturation. In this study, we estimated the water characteristic curves based on the water pressure and water saturation. The water saturation was monitored for wetting and re-saturation cycles where the water pressure was gradually increased up to 5.5 kPa using a one-dimensional sand-filled column. In the wetting cycle, the water characteristic curve was obtained assuming that the pore air pressure was atmospheric. In the re-saturation cycle, how the water characteristic curve would extend was estimated by neglecting the effect of air pressure in the discrete air bubbles. The experimental results showed that the water saturation under positive water pressure, i.e., below the water table, increased with water pressure and exceeded that at the water table level. It was concluded that the rate of increase of water saturation resulted not only from the discrete air bubbles being compressed but also being forced up as the water table gradually moved up. Not considering the increase in water saturation in the unsaturated zone below the water table could result in a significant underestimation of hydraulic conductivity in such a zone.

    DOI: 10.5917/jagh.55.269

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  • Research on the construction of an Ad-Hoc Network System for flexibly dealing with disasters Reviewed

    Suzuki, H, D. K. Asano, M. Komatsu, Y. Takeshita, K. Sawada, M. Futagawa, H. Nose, Y. Fuwa

    International Technical Conference on Circuits/Systems, Computers and Communications 2013 (ITC-CSCC 2013)   24 - 27   2013.7

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  • Construction of a sensor network to forecast landslide disasters: Sensor terminal development and on-site experiments Reviewed

    Hikofumi Suzuki, Daichi Kuroyanagi, David K. Asano, Mitsuru Komatsu, Yuji Takeshita, Kazuaki Sawada, Masato Futagawa, Hiroaki Nose, Yasushi Fuwa

    Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)   7889   180 - 191   2013

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    We believe it is extremely important to quickly communicate information - on matters such as the extent of the damage and the safety of affected persons - when a large-scale earthquake or other disaster occurs. However, if electric power is lost, communication will be impossible with existing information networks. For this reason, we have built an Ad-Hoc network in Shiojiri City enabling communication even if electric power is lost due to a large-scale disaster. Using this Ad-Hoc network, we are building a sensor network to forecast landslide disasters. Among the various sensors installed to the sensor terminals, this paper reports in particular on observation results with EC sensors. © 2013 Springer-Verlag.

    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-38401-1_14

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  • Fabrication of a slope failure prediction sensor using miniaturized EC sensor

    Masato Futagawa, Mitsuru Komatsu, Hikofumi Suzuki, Yuji Takeshita, Yasushi Fuwa, Kazuaki Sawada

    IEEJ Transactions on Sensors and Micromachines   133 ( 9 )   5 - 283   2013

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    To minimize the damage caused by slope failure, knowledge of the increase in water content in mountain soil is important
    however the current technology for monitoring this is insufficient. In this study, an EC sensor chip with an insulation layer with increased thickness, designed to reduce leakage current, was fabricated. Utilizing the chip, a wireless sensor terminal was constructed for long term continuous monitoring of the water content in mountain soil. The usefulness of the EC sensor for predicting slope failure was confirmed.

    DOI: 10.1541/ieejsmas.133.278

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  • 飽和砂質地盤における空気侵入値の定量的評価手法に関する研究 Reviewed

    小松満, 榊利博

    地盤と建設   30 ( 1 )   39 - 46   2012.12

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  • Developing the Soil Moisture Sensor using Optical Fiber Technique (Joint Research)

    小松 満, 西垣 誠, 瀬尾 昭治

    JAEA-research   2012 ( 1 )   1 - 77,巻頭1-2   2012.9

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  • 浅層帯水層への気体注入及びその移動現象に関する研究 Reviewed

    小松満, 藤田知大, 榊利博

    地盤と建設   29 ( 1 )   27 - 37   2011.12

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  • 坑道の掘削影響に対する修復技術としてのベントナイトグラウトの適用性に関する評価 Reviewed

    藪内聡, 國丸貴紀, 岸敦康, 小松満

    土木学会論文集C(地圏工学)   67 ( 4 )   464 - 473   2011.11

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  • 原位置土中水分計測による浅地層における降雨浸透量の評価方法 Reviewed

    小松満, 西垣誠, 瀬尾昭治, 戸井田克, 田岸宏孝, 竹延千良, 山本陽一

    地下水地盤環境に関するシンポジウム2011-水環境の保全と育水-発表論文集   17 - 29   2011.11

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  • MONITORING OF PORE WATER PRESSURE AND WATER CONTENT AROUND A HORIZONTAL DRIFT THROUGH EXCAVATION - MEASUREMENT AT THE 140m GALLERY IN THE HORONOBE URL -

    YABUUCHI Satoshi, KUNIMARU Takanori, KISHI Atsuyasu, KOMATSU Mitsuru

    Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. C (Geosphere Engineering)   67 ( 4 )   464 - 473   2011

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     Japan Atomic Energy Agency has been conducting the Horonobe Underground Research Laboratory (URL) project in Horonobe, Hokkaido, as a part of the research and development program on geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste. Pore water pressure and water content around a horizontal drift in the URL have been monitored for over 18 months since before the drift excavation was started. During the drift excavation, both pore water pressure and water content were decreasing. Pore water pressure has been still positive though it continued to decrease with its gradient gradually smaller after excavation, while water content turned to increase about 6 months after the completion of the excavation. It turned to fall again about 5 months later. An unsaturated zone containing gases which were dissolved in groundwater may have been formed around the horizontal drift.

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  • 二酸化炭素の浅層帯水層への注入に関する基礎的研究 Reviewed

    小松満, 藤田知大

    地盤と建設   28 ( 1 )   137 - 143   2010.12

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  • Measurements of Soil Water Content Using Dielectric Methods

    竹下 祐二, 小松 満

    地盤工学会誌 = / the Japanese Geotechnical Society   58 ( 7 )   44 - 45   2010.7

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  • On the value of lithofacies data for improving groundwater flow model accuracy in a three-dimensional laboratory-scale synthetic aquifer Reviewed

    Sakaki, T, C. C. Frippiat, M. Komatsu, T. H. Illangasekare

    45   2009.10

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  • Creation of artificial aquifers in aquitard or aquiclude environment Reviewed

    Nishigaki,M, J. A. Akudago, L. P. Chegbeleh, M. Komatsu

    XXXVI IAH 2008 Proceedings, Oct.26-Nov.1, Toyama International Conference center, 2008.10.   2008.10

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  • Filter choice and its relation to well construction and sustainability in rural water supply Reviewed

    Akudago, J. A, M. Nishigaki, L. P. Chegbeleh, M. Komatsu

    XXXVI IAH 2008 Proceedings, Oct.26-Nov.1, Toyama International Conference center, 2008.10.   2008.10

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  • Geologic model construction in groundwater flow model calibration: A transitional probability approach for a non-stationary heterogeneous aquifer Reviewed

    Sakaki, T, C. C. Frippiat, T. H. Illangasekare, M. Komatsu

    XXXVI IAH 2008 Proceedings, Oct.26-Nov.1, Toyama International Conference center, 2008.10.   2008.10

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  • Control of contaminant migration through bentonite grouting: - A laboratory investigation Reviewed

    Chegbeleh, L. P, M. Nishigaki, J. A. Akudago, M. Komatsu, Md. A. Alim

    XXXVI IAH 2008 Proceedings, Oct.26-Nov.1, Toyama International Conference center, 2008.10.   2008.10

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  • Study on using Capillary Barriers to Control the Amount of Water that Permeates Landfills

    SAKAMOTO Atsushi, SUZUKI Masato, NISHIGAKI Makoto, KOMATSU Mitsuru, IMAI Jun, SATOH Yasushi, YOKOTA Suehiko

    Journal of the Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management   19 ( 5 )   318 - 327   2008.9

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    The achievement of reclamation conditions suitable for waste stabilization is expected when controlling the amount of water permeation through the cover layer at final landfill sites. The structure of a capillary barrier, which is one method to control the amount of water permeation, was examined from the viewpoint of water permeation control. Based on this examination, it was found that analytical predictions accurately corresponded to measurement results, thus, the prediction of water permeation was quite reliable. Therefore, it was determined that capillary barriers are effective in controlling water permeation.

    DOI: 10.3985/jswme.19.318

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  • 液状化防止を目的とした地盤の不飽和化に関する実験的研究 Reviewed

    坂本篤, 鈴木正人, 西垣誠, 小松満, 今井淳, 佐藤泰, 横田季彦

    廃棄物学会論文誌   19 ( 5 )   318 - 327   2008.9

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  • 不飽和地盤の調査事例

    小松 満, 西村 拓, 竹下 祐二

    地盤工学会誌 = / the Japanese Geotechnical Society   56 ( 7 )   77 - 83   2008.7

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  • キャピラリーバリアによる廃 棄物処分場の浸出水の制御に関する研究 Reviewed

    西垣誠, 小松満, 藤井直, 大内正敏

    土木学会論文集C   64 ( 2 )   340 - 352   2008.6

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  • 不飽和地盤の調査と浸透特性値の計測

    竹下 祐二, 小松 満

    地盤工学会誌 = / the Japanese Geotechnical Society   56 ( 6 )   62 - 69   2008.6

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  • Value of borehole data on geologic model construction for improving model calibration accuracy Reviewed

    Sakaki, T, C. C. Frippiat, T. H. Illangasekare, M. Komatsu

    Proceedings of the MODFLOW and More 2008, May 19-21   439 - 443   2008.5

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  • 亀裂性岩盤におけるグラウトの注入範囲と有効間隙率の評価

    西垣誠, 見掛信一郎, 小松満, Kwabena KANKAM-YEBOAH

    土木学会論文集   No.743 ( III-64 )   199 - 212   2008

  • A Fundamental Study on Prediction of Slope Failure Induced a Heavy Rain Reviewed

    NISHIGAKI Makoto, KOMATSU Mitsuru, RYUMAN Kousei

    55 ( 6 )   24 - 26   2007.6

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    In the south area in Cyugoku region, residual granite soil is distributed widely and it induced many slope failures at heavy rain. In this study, it showed the each process that reached model of slope failure, and for the establishing the system which could grasp a change of the slope stability that it monitored in the real slope. This method is technique to assume the arrival time of wetting front to base impermeable layer or water table with monitoring of water content changing. Furthermore, it performed numerical seepage analysis and examined consistency with monitoring data. It is understood that effective of the water content measurement as long-term method, but, for completion of a prediction system, some problem remained in measurement results and analysis precisions.

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  • Laboratory rainfall-induced slope failure with moisture content measurement Reviewed

    Adrin Tohari, Makoto Nishigaki, Mitsuru Komatsu

    JOURNAL OF GEOTECHNICAL AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING   133 ( 5 )   575 - 587   2007.5

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    The development of a physically based warning system for rainfall-induced slope failures requires a comprehensive understanding of the failure process. A set of laboratory-scale soil slopes was subjected to instability, through three different modes of raising water level, to clarify the process of failure initiation. Hydrologic responses of the model slopes to the saturation process were recorded by volumetric soil moisture content sensors. The results of model tests show that failures of the model slopes were essentially initiated by the development of an unstable area near the slope toe, upon the formation of the seepage area, with shallow noncircular sliding being the dominant failure mode. The volumetric moisture content of the slope region where localized failures initiated was noted to reach a nearly saturated value. However, the major portion of soil slopes involved in overall instability was still in an unsaturated condition. Based oil the observed moisture content response of the model slopes, a concept for prediction methodology of rainfall-induced slope failures is introduced.

    DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2007)133:5(575)

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  • IN-SITU METHOD FOR MEASURING HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY OF THE BENTONITE MIXTURED SOIL LINER Reviewed

    NISHIGAKI Makoto, KOMATSU Mitsuru

    Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. C (Geosphere Engineering)   63 ( 1 )   299 - 311   2007.3

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    The purpose of this study is proposing for the test method for measuring the hydraulic conductivity of bentonite mixtured soil used as a seal liner of waste disposal site after the construction in situ. Concretely, it is a method for building in the moisture sensor in which the measurement in the pinpoint was possible for Air Entry Permeameter, which exists in situ permeability test method. In results of this study, by catching fall time of wetting front, 10-8(m/s) order of hydraulic conductivity could be measured in about 10 minutes. And, the validity of this proposed method was verified by carrying out the one-dimensional infiltrating test, and measuring moisture profile and pressure distribution in the test-piece.

    DOI: 10.2208/jscejc.63.299

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  • Proposed geophysical method for investigating the seabed for a landfill project in Okayama, Japan Reviewed

    Nishigaki,M, M.Komatsu, M.Inoue, K.Kankam-Yeboah, S.Mattersteig, J.A.Akudago

    Environmental Geotechnics(5th ICEG), H.R.Thomas(eds)   1495 - 1502   2006.6

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  • EVALUATION ON APPLICATION OF BENTONITE SLURRY GROUT FOR EXCAVATION DISTURBED ZONE IN ORDER TO RECOVER LOW PERMEABLE ROCK MASSES

    NISHIGAKI Makoto, KOMATSU Mitsuru, MIKAKE Shin-ichiro, NAKASHIMA Tomohiro, KANAYA Kensei, TATSUTA Keisuke

    Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu   ( 806 )   55 - 66   2005.12

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    The purpose of this paper is to improve technologies of the grouting for excavation disturbed zone in order to recover low permeable rock masses for research and development on geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste. In this study, experiments of grouting injection test are performed on bentonite slurry mixes with saline and ethanol in the laboratory. From the results of the tests, low viscous and high density bentonite slurry is found to be able to inject the concentrated bentonite slurry and to recover low permeable in the fine fractured aperture. In conclusion this bentonite slurry is able to be expected the grouting effects for excavation disturbed zone in order to recover low permeable rock masses.

    DOI: 10.2208/jscej.2005.806_55

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  • Some aspects of groundwater drawdown and seepage flow rate in tunnels Reviewed

    Nishigaki,N, M. Komatsu, A. Irie

    Construction and Operation of Long Tunnels , To Celebrate the Breakthrough of the 12.9Km Hsuehshan Tunnel   1   259 - 271   2005.11

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  • A NEW METHOD FOR PREDICTING GROUND SETTLEMENT USING GROUNDWATER FLOW ANALYSIS Reviewed

    NISHIGAKI Makoto, IMAI Toshikazu, KOMATSU Mitsuru, NAGAI Izumi

    Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu   ( 799 )   1 - 12   2005.9

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    To estimate the degree of consolidation settlement, the soil mass conservation principle was used in this analysis. The specific storage coefficient was treated as a function of effective stress and void ratio. With this method, the behavior of consolidation from over-consolidation state to normal-consolidation state is easy to analyze. To evaluate its validity, results from the new method were compared with those from laboratory tests and Terzaghi's one-dimensional analysis. From these comparisons, it was shown that the principle is very accurate and reliable for estimating ground settlement. The new method was also used to analyse field conditions and to estimate settlement arising from (a) dewatering (pumping), (b) double-step load landfill phenomenon and (c) the disruption of groundwater flow during underground construction.

    DOI: 10.2208/jscej.2005.799_1

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  • A new Method to Estimate the Permeability of Soil with Considering Particle Size Distribution and Compaction Rate Reviewed

    MORITA Yukio, TSUBOTA Kuniharu, NISHIGAKI Makoto, KOMATSU Mitsuru

    53 ( 7 )   5 - 7   2005.7

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    For a long time, the permeability of soil is estimated from particle size distribution using D_<10> and D_<20> values. Still, there are some problems associated with this method. In this paper, a new method for estimating the permeability of soil is proposed. This is based on particle size distribution and compaction rate data that were obtained from laboratory tests. Under practical field conditions, the estimation of either porosity or void ratio is difficult. Therefore, from the N values, the compaction rate is estimated. Though the permeability values obtained from the new method are smaller than those obtained from other methods, the new method is fairly reliable.

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  • SIMPLE METHOD FOR PREDICTING CHANGES OF GROUNDWATER DISTRIBUTION CAUSED BY A CONSTRUCTION OF A MOUNTAIN TUNNEL DIGGING AND ITS APPLICABILITY Reviewed

    NISHIGAKI Makoto, KOMATSU Mitsuru, IRIE Akira, YONO Koichiro, OTA Takuro

    Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu   2004 ( 778 )   125 - 137   2004.12

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    In order to predict the range of groundwater level fluctuation and the flow rate of spring water in a tunnel, which are caused by digging a mountain tunnel, some simple methods were proposed.<br>In this paper, the preconditions of these conventional simple methods are clarified. And new simple method, which can treat rainfall intensity and a coefficient of permeability that are not handled in these methods, is proposed by analyzing the results of a vertical-section-2-dimensional-finite-element-method. Moreover, based on results of new methods, the new method to set a range, which should be investigated and modeled for numerical analysis before excavation, is proposed.

    DOI: 10.2208/jscej.2004.778_125

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  • THE STUDY ON BENTONITE SLURRY GROUT WITH ETHANOL FOR FRACTURED ROCK Reviewed

    NISHIGAKI Makoto, KOMATSU Mitsuru, MIKAKE Shin-ichiro, TAOKA Hiroshi, NAKASHIMA Tomohiro

    Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu   2004 ( 764 )   221 - 233   2004.6

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    The purpose of this paper is to propose the grouting material and method for fractured rock masses. So experimental study is executed in order to grasp that the properties of grouting material is stable and impermeable. In this study, experiments of hydraulic test and grouting injection test are performed on bentonite slurry mixes in the laboratory. From the results of the tests, a mixer of ethanol and bentonite is found to be very suitable for a grouting material. Also, dynamic grouting method is able to inject the concentrated bentonite slurry in the fractured aperture.

    DOI: 10.2208/jscej.2004.764_221

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  • A basic study on monitoring method of contamination of soil and groundwater by using Frequency Domain Reflectometry method Reviewed

    NISHIGAKI Makoto, KOMATSU Mitsuru, KIM Man-il

    Journal of groundwater hydrology   46 ( 2 )   145 - 157   2004.5

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    DOI: 10.5917/jagh1987.46.145

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  • Visit to Valuable water springs (65) Valuable waters in Tarim basin, Xinjiang, western part of China

    SHIMANO Yasuo, NISHIGAKI Makoto, KOMATSU Mitsuru, SUN Yao

    Journal of groundwater hydrology   46 ( 2 )   159 - 174   2004.5

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  • Underground dam technology in some parts of the world Reviewed

    西垣誠, K.Kankam-Yeboah, 小松満

    46 ( 2 )   113 - 130   2004.5

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  • Field monitoring of hydraulic response of a residual soil slope to rainfall

    A.Tohari, M.Nishigaki, M.Komatsu, K.Kankam-Yeboah, S.Daimaru

    Lacerda, Ehrlich, Pont0ura & Sayao (eds):Landslides: Evaluation and Stabilization, Balkema   749 - 754   2004

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  • A study on the development of a preventive method for reducing the effects of liquefaction during earthquake by creating unsaturated sandy ground

    Yoshioka Seiji, Nishigaki Makoto, Komatsu Mitsuru, Ouchi Masatoshi, Onodera Takayoshi, Fujii Nao

    Proceedings of the Japan National Conference on Geotechnical Engineering   39   1235 - 1236   2004

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    DOI: 10.11512/jiban.JGS39.0.1235.0

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  • Density dependent transport analysis saturated-unsaturated porous media Eulerian Lagrangian method considered salinity change for consolidation phenomenon

    otaki ikumi, nishigaki makoto, komatsu mitsuru, imai toshikazu

    Proceedings of the Japan National Conference on Geotechnical Engineering   39   1187 - 1188   2004

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    DOI: 10.11512/jiban.JGS39.0.1187.0

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  • Study on grouting against crack rock using bentonite

    nakashima tomohiro, nishigaki makoto, komatsu mitsuru

    Proceedings of the Japan National Conference on Geotechnical Engineering   39   1211 - 1212   2004

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    DOI: 10.11512/jiban.JGS39.0.1211.0

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  • Proposed New Equation for Estimating the Permeability of Soil Cosidering Particle Size Distribution and Compaction

    Morita Yukio, Tsubota Kuniharu, Nishigaki Makoto, Komatsu Mitsuru

    Proceedings of the Japan National Conference on Geotechnical Engineering   39   1159 - 1160   2004

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    DOI: 10.11512/jiban.JGS39.0.1159.0

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  • 誘電率計測法による地盤の汚染度及び有効間隙率の測定方法に関する研究 Reviewed

    西垣誠, 小松満, 金萬鎰

    環境制御   25 ( 25 )   19 - 24   2003.3

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  • The State of MTBE Contamination in Japan

    Makoto Nishigaki, Mitsuru Komatsu, Kwabena KANKAM-YEBOAH, Kim Man-il

    1ST European Conference on MTBE at Dresden University of Technology   2003

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  • An experimental approach for estimating the porosity and effective porosity of porous media by permittivity methods

    Nishigaki, M, M. komatsu, M. Kim

    Proceedings of International Symposium on the Fusion Technology of Geosystem Engineering, Rock Engineering and Geophysical Exploration, Soul, Korea   2003

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  • Study on measuring method of the effective porosity of a porous media by using Dielectric Method

    Komatsu Mitsuru, Nishigaki Makoto, Kim Man-il

    Proceedings of the Japan National Conference on Geotechnical Engineering   38   1171 - 1172   2003

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    DOI: 10.11512/jiban.JGS38.0.1171.0

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  • the study on the standard characteristics of ethanol-bentonite slurry

    Nakashima Tomohiro, Nishigaki Makoto, Komatsu Mitsuru, Mikake Sinitirou, Taoka Hiroshi

    Proceedings of the Japan National Conference on Geotechnical Engineering   38   1173 - 1174   2003

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    DOI: 10.11512/jiban.JGS38.0.1173.0

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  • Study on infiltration behavior of in-situ method for measuring coefficient of permeability of the bentonite composite soil

    Ebara Tomoko, Nishigaki Makoto, Komatsu Mitsuru

    Proceedings of the Japan National Conference on Geotechnical Engineering   38   1175 - 1176   2003

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    DOI: 10.11512/jiban.JGS38.0.1175.0

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  • 地下水・土壌汚染の予測・評価技術

    西垣誠, 小松満, 菱谷智幸

    環境技術   31 ( 10 )   766 - 769   2002.10

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    DOI: 10.5956/jriet.31.766

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  • Study on the Properties of Seepage Flow and Injection in the Grouting for Fractured Rock Masses. Reviewed

    NISHIGAKI Makoto, KOMATSU Mitsuru, YAMAMOTO Hiroshi, MIKAKE Shin-ichiro

    Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu   No.715 ( III-60 )   311 - 321   2002.9

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    The purpose of this study is to improve the grouting method for fractured rock masses. So experimental study is executed in order to understand the properties of grouting injection and seepage flow in hydraulic fractured aperture. This paper grasps the effect of the properties of grouting stage due to the various conditions such as width of the aperture, viscosity of the grout, water cement ratio and injection flow rate using flat plate fractured model in a laboratory experiment. From the results, it is proposed to select the relationship between the most suitable grout mix (water cement ratio) and width of the aperture to be injected according to the properties of grouting stage.

    DOI: 10.2208/jscej.2002.715_311

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  • Study on in-situ measuring system of subsurface contamination using Frequency Domein Reflectometry Reviewed

    Komatsu M, M.Nishigaki

    Environmental Geotechnics(4th ICEG), de Mello & Almeida (eds)   521 - 526   2002.3

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  • The research of simple in situ unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of the bentonite composite soil.

    Mizuno K., Okada T., Hongo T., Hugiwara T., Nishigaki M., Komatsu M.

    Proceedings of the Japan National Conference on Geotechnical Engineering   37   2421 - 2422   2002

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    DOI: 10.11512/jiban.JGS37.0.2421.0

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  • Study on in situ method for measuring coefficient of permeability of the bentonite composite soil

    Nishigaki Makoto, Komatsu Mitsuru, Ohtaki Ikumi

    Proceedings of the Japan National Conference on Geotechnical Engineering   37   2423 - 2424   2002

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    DOI: 10.11512/jiban.JGS37.0.2423.0

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  • Study on Measuring System of Subsurface Contamination using Complex Dielectric Method Reviewed

    Komatsu Mitsuru, Nishigaki Makoto

    Journal of the Faculty of Environmental Science and Technology,Okayama University   6 ( 1 )   47 - 52   2001.2

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  • Laboratory Experiments on Initiation of Rainfall Induced Slope Failure with Moisture Content Measurements Reviewed

    Tohari T, M.Nishigaki, M, Komatsu

    An International Conference on Geotechnical & Geological Engineering (GeoEng2000) Australia   2000.11

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  • Study on Measuring System of Subsurface Contamination using Frequency Domain Reflectometry with Vector Network Analyzer Reviewed

    Nishigaki M, M.Komatsu

    Physical Modeling and Testing in Environmental Geotechnics, J.Garnier, L.Thorel & E.Haza, LCPC   2000.5

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  • Monitoring Method of Subsurface Salinity Contamination Using Dielectric Constant Measuring System Reviewed

    Nishigaki Makoto, Komatsu Mitsuru, Kumamoto Sou, Ninomiya Isao

    47 ( 10 )   17 - 20   1999.10

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  • Predicting rainfall-induced slope failures from moisture content measurement Reviewed

    M Nishigaki, A Tohari, M Komatsu

    SLOPE STABILITY ENGINEERING, VOLS 1 & 2   1   465 - 469   1999

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    This paper presents the results of a series of laboratory slope failure experiments conducted to examine the effectiveness of monitoring moisture content to predict the occurrence of rainfall-induced slope failure. Numerical seepage analyses were also conducted prior to the experiments to identify the hydraulic response of the model slopes to the simulated rainfall. The changes in moisture content and pore-water pressure were monitored during rainfall infiltration and at the initiation of failures. The experiments showed that moisture content of soil slope increased to the saturated value at the time of failure. This indicated the possibility in predicting the critical time of failure initiation by monitoring the change in moisture content. Upon advantages of moisture sensing instruments over pore-pressure measuring instrument, therefore, monitoring of moisture contents during rainfall is more effective and more reliable than that of pore pressures to predict failure occurrences. The results of precise monitoring of moisture contents in the field to predict the rainfall-induced slope failures are encouraging.

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  • A study on pore water pressure measurement for vadose zones Reviewed

    Nishigaki M, K.Hirooka, M.Komatsu, A.Tohar

    International Symposium on subdrainage in Roadway Pabements and subgrades, Granada(SPAIN)   275 - 282   1998.11

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  • 不飽和土の透水・排水に関する試験方法

    西垣誠, 小松満, 横田英嗣

    地質と調査   1997 ( 2 )   3 - 8   1997.6

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  • 暮らしと人を見守る水センシング技術

    暮らしと人を見守る水センシング技術研究調査委員会, 小松分担(第3章,3.6 土中水のセンシング技術,pp.101-110)

    シーエムシー出版  2019.6 

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  • 地盤調査の方法と解説

    2013 

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  • 全国77都市の地盤と災害ハンドブック

    丸善出版  2012 

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  • 地下水を知る

    地盤工学会  2008 

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Presentations

  • 公益信託NEXCO関係会社高速道路防災対策に関する支援基金 令和2年度研究助成の概要(その3)トモグラフィー方式のチップ型半導体センサプローブを用いた高速道路法面内での水分挙動の見える化

    小松満

    高速道路と自動車  2021 

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    Event date: 2021

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  • Study of an ion-sensitive field-effect transistor type pH sensor to measure low water content soil

    2017.6.29 

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    Event date: 2017.6.29

    Language:Japanese  

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  • Improvement of Soil Contact Characteristics of a Semiconductor-type Impedance Sensor to Predict Slope Failures

    2016.11.30 

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    Event date: 2016.11.30

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  • Realization of a Safe and Secure Society using an Ad-Hoc Network and Sensor Networks

    Fuwa Yasushi, Suzuki Hikofumi, Asano David K., Komatsu Mitsuru, Takeshita Yuji, Futagawa Masato, Sawada Kazuaki

    IEICE technical report. ASN, Ambient intelligence and sensor networks  2013.5.9  The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers

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    Event date: 2013.5.9

    Language:Japanese  

    We are now developing an ad-hoc network communications infrastructure which can maintain communications or be reconstructed quickly even if electric power cables or communication cables are lost due to a large-scale disaster. Furthermore, we are developing sensor network systems using this communications infrastructure. In particular, we are working to create a sensor system to monitor volumetric water content in soil for the purpose of slope failure prediction. The system under development is already installed in the mountains near Shiojiri-city, Nagano and evaluation experiments are being conducted. This paper explains our aim of realizing a safe and secure society by using an ad-hoc network and sensor networks, and introduces the specific systems under development.

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  • Realization of a Safe and Secure Society using an Ad-Hoc Network and Sensor Networks

    Yasushi Fuwa, Hikofumi Suzuki, David K.Asano, Mitsuru Komatsu, Yuji Takeshita, Masato Futagawa, Kazuaki Sawada

    2013.5.9  Information Processing Society of Japan (IPSJ)

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    Event date: 2013.5.9

    Language:Japanese  

    We are now developing an ad-hoc network communications infrastructure which can maintain communications or be reconstructed quickly even if electric power cables or communication cables are lost due to a large-scale disaster. Furthermore, we are developing sensor network systems using this communications infrastructure. In particular, we are working to create a sensor system to monitor volumetric water content in soil for the purpose of slope failure prediction. The system under development is already installed in the mountains near Shiojiri-city, Nagano and evaluation experiments are being conducted. This paper explains our aim of realizing a safe and secure society by using an ad-hoc network and sensor networks, and introduces the specific systems under development.

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  • 空気注入による地盤不飽和化の現場実験(その2)空気の注入

    藤井直, 西田克司, 武林昌哉, 岡村未対, 小松満, 森川佳太

    地盤工学研究発表会発表講演集  2008.6.12 

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    Event date: 2008.6.12

    Language:Japanese  

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  • 最終処分場の有害物質の安全・安心保障(その1)水量の制御と豪雨対策

    西垣 誠, 小松 満, 坂本 篤

    廃棄物学会研究発表会講演論文集  2005.10.31  廃棄物学会

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    Event date: 2005.10.31

    Language:Japanese  

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  • カオリンクレー懸濁液の砂層への注入範囲に関する研究

    高橋 啓介, 柴原 晃, 小松 満, 瀧本 弘治

    令和4年度土木学会全国大会第77回年次学術講演会  2022.9.16 

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  • 熱伝導率計測による岩石の水分拡散係数の算定 - 軟岩の不飽和浸透特性評価(その3) -

    榊 利博, 小松 満, 國丸 貴紀, 長谷川 琢磨, 瀬尾 昭治, 栗原 啓丞

    令和4年度土木学会全国大会第77回年次学術講演会  2022.9.15 

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  • 岩石試料の保水性試験 -軟岩の不飽和浸透特性評価(その4)-

    小松 満, 榊 利博, 國丸貴紀, 長谷川琢磨, 瀬尾昭治, 栗原啓丞

    2022.9.15 

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  • 擬似飽和体積含水率に着目した斜面モニタリング手法における間隙空気圧の影響

    高塚 晃佑, 小松 満, 小泉 圭吾

    令和3年度土木学会全国大会第76回年次学術講演会  2021.9.9 

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  • 岩石試料の保水性試験 -軟岩の不飽和浸透特性評価(その2)-

    小松 満, 榊 利博, 國丸貴紀, 長谷川琢磨, 瀬尾昭治, 栗原啓丞

    令和3年度土木学会全国大会第76回年次学術講演会  2021.9.9 

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  • 砂地盤への溶液型薬液注入に関する水平一次元浸透実験

    高橋啓介,岩本昭仁,北川貴士,小松満

    土木学会第75回年次学術講演会  2020.9.9 

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  • 粘性土斜面における擬似飽和体積含水率の推定結果に基づく現場計測データの検証

    小松満, 小泉圭吾

    土木学会第75回年次学術講演会  2020.9.9 

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  • 河川堤防における浸透破壊のパターンに関する模型実験

    小松 満

    第54回地盤工学研究発表会  2019.7.16 

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  • 現場サンプリング試料を用いた室内試験による擬似飽和体積含水率の推定手法

    第53回地盤工学研究発表会  2018 

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  • FDR-V法によるベントナイト混合土の水分・密度測定に関する再検討

    土木学会第72回年次学術講演会  2017 

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  • 河川堤防の基礎地盤材料を用いたパイピング進行性破壊に関する模型実験(その1)

    第52回地盤工学研究発表会  2017 

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  • 試験孔内での注水による現場飽和状態の測定方法に関する基礎的研究

    土木学会第71回年次学術講演会  2016 

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  • FDR-V法によるベントナイト混合土の水分・密度測定に関する検討

    土木学会第71回年次学術講演会  2016 

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  • 堆積岩とベントナイト混合土における再冠水時の飽和移行過程

    土木学会第70回年次学術講演会  2015 

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  • FDR-V法によるベントナイト混合土の密度測定に関するキャリブレーション

    土木学会第69回年次学術講演会  2014 

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  • 堆積岩の原位置水分量測定に与える地下水塩分濃度の影響

    土木学会第69回年次学術講演会  2014 

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  • 堆積岩の原位置水分量測定に与える温度の影響

    日本地下水学会2014年秋季講演会  2014 

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  • 浅地層における降雨浸透量推定に関する現場透水係数の評価

    土木学会第68回年次学術講演会  2013 

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  • 光ファイバーを用いた水分計測センサの性能確認試験

    土木学会第68回年次学術講演会  2013 

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Awards

  • 「地盤と建設」論文賞

    2021.4   地盤工学会中国支部   カオリンクレー懸濁液の注入特性と移動特性に与える要因の検討

    高橋啓介, 小松 満, 岩田 徹, 瀧本弘治, 柴原 晃, フソウ中国支

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  • 「地盤と建設」論文賞

    2020.4   地盤工学会中国支部   単孔を利用した透水試験方法の非定常法における直線勾配法の解釈に関する検討

    小松 満,中本 萌(岡山大学)

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  • 「地盤と建設」論文賞

    2012.4   地盤工学会中国支部   浅層帯水層への気体注入及びその移動現象に関する研究

    小松 満(岡山大学), 藤田知大(清水建設㈱), 榊 利博 (コロラド鉱山大学)

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    Country:Japan

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Research Projects

  • Development and verification of groundwater cut-off technology using field-generated soil directly to enable zero emissions

    Grant number:21K04254  2021.04 - 2024.03

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

    小松 満

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    Grant amount:\4160000 ( Direct expense: \3200000 、 Indirect expense:\960000 )

    本研究では,(1)懸濁液中の細粒分の粒度の調整方法,(2)透水係数の低減率,(3)注入範囲と流亡状況,を設定し,止水技術の効果を評価する室内試験を実施することを目的とし,初年度である令和3年度は,上記の(1)および(2)に着手した。
    (1)注入材の作製(現地発生土の粒度調整):現場試料から粒径5~7μmの土粒子を抽出する方法として,ストークスの法則を用いた沈降時間の推定による2段階の抽出方法を示した。実際に細粒分のみの懸濁液を作製した結果,粒径幅は広いものの,平均粒径が5~7μmで質量配合比が0.25程度の懸濁液を抽出できることが示唆された。なお,現場試料の細粒分含有率が低い場合は,懸濁液抽出前に粉砕処理を行うことで,効率良く細粒分を抽出することができる。それぞれの試料で3回の抽出を行い,粒度試験を実施したが概ね同じ結果が得られ,抽出方法の再現性を確認した。また,抽出した懸濁液の粘度は透水性低減効果を示す粘度よりも低い値を示したことから,天然材料であるベントナイトを添加することで目標の粘度に調整することが可能となった。
    (2)水平一次元通水下での注入実験:まさ土及び川砂から採取した細粒分から作成した懸濁液を用い,細粒分を除去したそれぞれの試料から作製した供試体に圧力注入したところ,細粒分を除去する前の元の試料から作成した供試体が示す透水係数よりも数オーダー低い値を示したことから,高い注入効果を確認した。なお,注入において,グラウタビリティー比による注入可否を検討した結果からはいずれも注入可となり,実験結果と整合した。さらに,粘性を考慮した多粒子限界流速式を用いて粒子が移動し始める限界流速を推定することで,供試体内の実流速の挙動を説明することが可能であり,間隙内に注入した細粒分の移動は懸濁液の粒子径と粘度が要因であることが示唆された。

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  • Elucidating the deformation of bedrock caused by hydromechanical processes

    Grant number:21H01593  2021.04 - 2024.03

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

    小暮 哲也, 土井 一生, 小松 満

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    Grant amount:\18070000 ( Direct expense: \13900000 、 Indirect expense:\4170000 )

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  • ため池群の保全を目的とした高精度地盤調査法の開発と広域リスク評価

    Grant number:20H00442  2020.04 - 2024.03

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業  基盤研究(A)

    西村 伸一, 柴田 俊文, 小松 満, 吉田 郁政, 珠玖 隆行

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    Grant amount:\44980000 ( Direct expense: \34600000 、 Indirect expense:\10380000 )

    広域に多数存在するため池群のリスク評価手法の開発を最終目的とする.達成すべき具体的研究課題は,1)ため池堤体内および基礎地盤の可視化技術の開発;2)広範囲に多数存在するため池のリスクを表現する代替モデルの提案,である.この目的の達成のために,2020年度は,主に次の6項目について検討を行った.
    (1)CPTU模型試験装置の開発,(2)クロスホールミューオン試験装置の開発を指向した模型地盤を用いたミューオン探査の基礎実験,(3)斜面走行型スクリューウェイト式サンディング装置の開発,(4)スパースモデリングや新たなデータサイエンス手法を用いた地盤内同定手法の開発,(5)堤防の越流破堤模型実験,(6)堤体破堤リスク手法の開発
    本研究の大きな流れは,新たな地盤探査手法の開発→高精度地盤探査の達成→代替モデルによる高精度破堤リスク評価手法の開発であり,上記の(1)~(6)は,これら3項目のいずれかに関わるものである.(1)の模型実験装置は,CPTUを利用して,ため池堤体の透水係数分布を同定するためのものである.これによって,地盤強度,土質,透水係数を同時に同定する実験が可能となる.2020年度は,試験機を設計し,完成させることができた. (5)は,堤体の越流破壊挙動予測手法の開発を目指して行った,(2), (3), (4)は,地盤内部を同定する手法を確立するための実験および解析の研究である.(2)については,試験手法の精度を確認するためにその基礎実験を行った.(3)については,クローラに貫入機を装着させる基礎実験を行い,斜面での実験の可能性を探った.(6)は,豪雨と地震に対するリスク評価手法の開発で,(1)~(5)のすべての要素技術が統合される内容である.2020年度は,社会実装に向けて,応答曲面法を用いたため池のリスク評価手法を開発し,岡山県,広島県のため池に適用している.

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  • Method for monitoring the structure health of a slope focusing on qasi-saturated phenomenon

    Grant number:19K04599  2019.04 - 2022.03

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

    Koizumi Keigo

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    Grant amount:\4420000 ( Direct expense: \3400000 、 Indirect expense:\1020000 )

    Due to the recent extreme weather conditions, damage caused by slope failures has occurred frequently, and countermeasures are urgently needed. In contrast, the current warning criteria based on rainfall are based on the concept of "breakdown maintenance", which can prevent human damages but not prevent slope failures itself. Therefore, this study proposes a method for estimating the existence and depth of the slip surface, which is a factor in slope failure, in order to determine if there is a risk of slope failures. As a result, we proposed a method to estimate the slip surface depth, which is the main cause of rain-induced slope failure, by measuring the change of volumetric water content in the depth direction, and showed its usefulness on a real slope.

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  • Development of a novel tracer test using two solutions for measuring field saturation and effective porosity

    Grant number:17K00615  2017.04 - 2020.03

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

    Komatsu Mitsuru

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    Grant amount:\4810000 ( Direct expense: \3700000 、 Indirect expense:\1110000 )

    Recently, setting thresholds for soil water content for predicting slope disasters and setting appropriate physical parameters for soil and groundwater pollution have become issues. The objectives of this study were to propose an easy-and-quick in-situ testing method to find the effective porosity in natural ground, and to apply the method to confirm the quasi-saturated state and the field saturated state using two solutions. An in-situ test was conducted using the developed prototype tracer injection device. The results of the in-situ test were evaluated based on the findings of laboratory permeability tests using specimens sampled on site as well as precipitation experiments using the site model. The quasi and field-saturated volumetric moisture content measured in the in-situ experiments were found generally consistent with the laboratory results. It was, however, suggested that further improvements on the specific gravity of tracers and the injection device have to be made.

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  • Decision making based on high-accuracy specification of geo-structures with use of 3-dimensional survey and inside diagnostic technique

    Grant number:16H02577  2016.04 - 2020.03

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)

    Nishimura Shin-ichi

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    Grant amount:\40560000 ( Direct expense: \31200000 、 Indirect expense:\9360000 )

    The outcome of this project is the development of the inside inspection technique of the earth-fills, and the 3-dimensional finite element modeling system based on the 3D survey system. By the unified techniques, the high accuracy inspection of the earth-fill structures has become available. The risk assessment method has been proposed based on the inspection. The proposed method has made the decision making for the countermeasures against the natural disaster events possible. The concrete items of the outcome are as follows.
    (1) Development of the new Swedish Weight Sounding, in which the microphone installed inside to record the sound, and which can move on the slopes; (2) Development of the method of the inspection inside the earth-fills and the grounds based on the sounding, the geophysical survey, and geostatistical simulation; (3) 3D-FEM modeling derived from the 3D geological survey; (4) Model seepage failure tests; (5) Risk assessment of the actual group earth-fill dams.

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  • Investigation of saturation rise process in the aquifer under the positive pressure

    Grant number:23760444  2011 - 2012

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B)

    KOMATSU Mitsuru

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    Grant amount:\4550000 ( Direct expense: \3500000 、 Indirect expense:\1050000 )

    In liquefaction countermeasure of the ground and underground storage of the gas or deep underground area development, after the saturated ground is once unsaturated, though the evaluation by the process which returns to the saturation state again is required, it is present state that these phenomena are not always clarified. Then, in this study, element laboratory test was mainly carried out in order to research the mechanism in saturation ratio rise process in the ground under positive pressure, and it verified the unsaturated model in the conversion to the saturation process.

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  • 地盤中の降雨浸透・物質移行特性の原位置における測定手法に関する研究

    Grant number:17760392  2005 - 2006

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業  若手研究(B)

    小松 満

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    Grant amount:\3100000 ( Direct expense: \3100000 )

    FDR法(Frequency Domain Reflectometry)等の誘電率測定法の原位置での適用性に関するデータの取得を主たる目的とし,汚染度の測定と水分量の長期計測を実施した。
    具体的には,まず有効間隙率の測定手法に関する検討として,FDR法の同軸プローブを地盤中に挿入し,その近傍からエタノール溶液を注入することによって,ピンポイントで地盤の有効間隙率の測定を行う手法についてその有効性を確認した。また,ADR法を用いたボーリング孔の上部注水による原位置測定方法について検討した結果,簡便かつ短時間で妥当な測定が可能であることがわかった。
    次に,誘電率計測法のトレーサー試験への適用性について水と同様の単位体積重量に調整したエタノール溶液をボーリング孔内に注入して,観測井での誘電率の経時変化を測定することにより,地盤中のマクロな有効間隙率,分散長等の物質移行特性について室内での2次元不均質土槽により,有効性の検討を行った。結果として,従来用いられてきた塩水を用いた方法より,溶液の密度差による影響を受けない測定が可能であることが分かった。さらに,NaBrを用いたトレーサー試験を3次元不均質土槽で実施し,その測定誤差を検討した。
    また,原位置における不飽和浸透特性の測定手法の開発として,実際の斜面において水分量を長期間,連続的に測定することで,降雨時の浸潤前線の浸透メカニズム及び不飽和浸透特性を測定する手法の開発を行った。さらに斜面崩壊において現在明らかとなっていない降雨浸透が引き起こす崩壊パターンについて考察した。

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  • 誘電法による地盤中の降雨浸透・物質移行特性の原位置における測定手法に関する研究

    Grant number:15760362  2003 - 2005

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業  若手研究(B)

    小松 満

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    Grant amount:\2300000 ( Direct expense: \2300000 )

    地盤環境問題のうち本研究では,(1)土壌・地下水汚染に代表される地盤環境問題と,(2)豪雨による斜面安定問題の2つに注目した。(1)に関しては,汚染物質の地中での挙動を定量的に評価し,汚染土壌を効率よく改善するために土壌の汚染度を簡便かつ正確に測定することが重要であるが,現在,実際にサンプリングする方法が唯一であり,原位置において土壌汚染度の経時的な変化を把握することは困難である。また,物質移行の重要なパラメータである有効間隙率については,原位置で測定する方法がなく,より詳細な調査・シミュレーションを行う上での大きな障害となっている。一方,(2)に関しては,斜面崩壊の予測に対しての誘電率計測法の適用である。これまでに斜面崩壊と地盤中の水分量は密接に関係しており,予測手法としての可能性を示した。しかし,実際には長期間の地盤中の水分量を正確に測定する必要がある。そのため他の方法と比較して,長期計測に適していると考えられている本計測法を用いて,これまで検証した例のない長期計測の精度を議論するものである。
    研究の目的としては,現在所有のFDR法の原位置での適用性に関するデータの取得が主であり,汚染度の測定と水分量の長期計測に大別される。
    そこで,所有のFDR法(Frequency Domain Reflectmetry)による同軸プローブセンサーを直接地盤に挿入して誘電率の分布を測定し,経時的な汚染度の変化を測定する方法の開発を行い,これまでにその有用性が明らかになった。さらに,地盤中にトレーサーとしてエタノール調整液を浸透させ,地盤中の有効間隙率をFDR法で測定する手法に関してもその可能性が明らかになっている。この場合のエタノール調整液は,水と同様の比重に調整してあるため,従来トレーサー試験に用いられてきた塩水の場合と比較して重力による影響がなく,より正確な地盤浸透特性を測定することが可能であり,地下水環境も悪化させる危険性がないのが特徴である。
    本年度の研究では,原位置でのトレーサー試験,有効間隙率の測定に関する検討を室内土層を用いて実施し,良好な結果を得た。また斜面内水分量計測に関しては,長期計測(1年程度)を実施し,降雨の斜面への浸透挙動を明らかにした。

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  • Study on the development of the in-situ measuring method of soil moisture and contamination by using the dielectric constant measurement.

    Grant number:13450194  2001 - 2002

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

    NISHIGAKI Makoto, KOMATSU Mitsuru

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    Grant amount:\12600000 ( Direct expense: \12600000 )

    Recently, though ground environmental problem represented for soil pollution and ground water pollution becomes a problem in national each place, it is important to conveniently and accurately measure the pollution level of the soil in order to evaluate the behavior of the pollutant in the underground, and in order to improve polluted soil. However, in this method, the method for taking sample as a measuring method of pollution level of the soil at present actually is the singularity, and it is difficult to grasp the time-dependent change degree of soil pollution in situ. Then, in this study, in making FDR-V measurement method of the possession to be investigation equipment degree of soil pollution at present, to begin with, a grasp of basic physical property by laboratory test was continued by the FDR-V equipment of the possession in this fiscal year in order to made to develop into measurement system in situ, at present. Then, the equipment of cheap loss by the frequency more or little field measurement type was developed based on the defect of the existing equipment, and the method for measuring the change of time-dependent pollution level in situ was studied.
    Data collection system and calibration method of the system were examined in order to enable the more exact measurement for FDR-V measuring device ever possessed, concretely, the loss of the noise by the cable was held, and the disconnection of the measurement probe was possible, and it improved it into the system for the rapid deta acquisition. Based on the defect of the existing equipment, it was cheap, and the equipment of loss by the frequency or little field measurement type was developed. Measuring frequency measurement result conventional 100MHz〜3GHz. Then, the usefulness was confirmed by carrying out examination of the generating factor of the noise in the field measurement and examination of limitative length of the cable, etc. in order to examine the method for measuring the change of time-dependent pollution level in situ, and establishing the removal method of the noise.
    The measurement in the indoor was carried out using the FDR-V measuring device of new and old 2 for several kinds soil sample of, pollutant in order to grasp the material complex permittivity characteristic as a basis of the measurement. The technique which measured the effective porosity of the ground from the change of the dielectric constant by injecting the liquid unlike the water in the ground, was examined.

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  • 低透水性物質の原位置透水試験法と長期計測システムの開発に関する研究

    Grant number:13750473  2001 - 2002

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業  若手研究(B)

    小松 満

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    Grant amount:\2200000 ( Direct expense: \2200000 )

    廃棄物処分場におけるシール材の透水性評価手法や降雨による自然斜面の安定性に対する予測手法に関しては,対象が低透水性であることに加えて,原位置で長期間測定できるセンサーが無いことが問題点として挙げられる。そこで,本研究では,低透水性物質の透水性を正確に把握する手法を確立することを目的とし,試験方法と長期モニタリングシステムの開発を目的とした。具体的には,現在所有の誘電率計測法である電磁波の周波数特性を利用したFDR計測法(Frequency-Domain Reflectmetory)を使用し,地盤内の瞬時の水分量の変化から透水係数を求める方法を開発した。またこの装置を用いて同時に地盤の水分量の経時的な測定を行うことで,実際の斜面における降雨時の浸透挙動から安定性を評価する手法について検討した。
    (1)水分量の原位置透水試験法の開発
    実際の処分場で用いられているベントナイト混合土を対象として原位置における水分量の計測システムの適用性を検討した。その結果,FDR計測法により精度の高い測定が可能であることを示した。
    (2)低透水性物質(粘性土)の原位置透水試験法の開発
    上述の地盤を対象とし,塩水を用いて強制的な透水を行うことで,地表付近の透水係数を数分で測定可能な試験方法の開発を行った。これまでの研究では,水を通水した場合,ベントナイトの膨潤作用によってその透水係数が経時的に低下するため,定常状態に至るまで非常に長時間を要するため,評価が困難であった点を改善した。また,ここで得られた透水係数に対して,同条件で作成した供試体を用いて室内で浸潤試験を行い内部の水分量を測定した結果,その妥当性を検証することができた。

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