Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined the actual conditions of fatal neglect in Japan. The aims of this study were to investigate persistent neglect among child fatalities using medico-legal documents, and to describe the characteristics of the socio-familial background and biological data. METHODS: The current study analyzed the documents of all postmortem external examinations and autopsies in children <2 years old carried out in one prefecture in Japan from 2006 to 2011. After examining 59 autopsy cases using modified the Maltreatment Classification System, we identified six children who experienced persistent neglect as study samples. RESULTS: Three children were found in unsanitary rooms and one was left alone inside a car. In two cases, age of mother at delivery was <21 years old. Three victims had 1 year older sibling. With regard to history of use of health services, three mothers missed some prenatal care visits, and two refused to receive neonatal home visits. With regard to biological data the average weight Z score of six children was -2.22 after being adjusted to average weight for age (in months) and sex. Three children had acute or chronic undernutrition. Three victims had thymic involution considered as being due to chronic child maltreatment. CONCLUSIONS: The present collaboration between public health and legal medicine has enabled investigation of the background and biological impact of experiences of persistent neglect. A multidisciplinary system of evaluating child death is needed to identify preventable factors in order to intervene in the case of neglected children in a timely manner.

DOI： 10.1111/ped.12531

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(株)日本医事新報社  

自転車死亡事故例を自損死亡に限って検討した報告はほとんどなく、筆者らは自転車自損死亡事故事案の剖検例に着目した。2007〜11年に、当教室で自転車自損死亡事故により解剖となった17例を調査した。直接死因は転落に伴う頸椎損傷が最多で、ついで溺死が多かった。アルコール陽性例は64.7%であり、事故現場は用水・側溝などへの転落がほとんどであったことから、飲酒運転禁止の徹底、転落防止柵の設置、側溝の蓋の整備などが必要であると思われた。一方、岡山県の交通年鑑による同期間の自転車自損死亡事故数は12例で、解剖数との間に乖離があり、正確な実態把握のためには法医剖検例からの情報が必須であると考えられた。(著者抄録)

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2015&ichushi_jid=J01024&link_issn=&doc_id=20150512030005&doc_link_id=%2Faf9mdcla%2F2015%2F004750%2F013%2F0038-0042%26dl%3D0&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Faf9mdcla%2F2015%2F004750%2F013%2F0038-0042%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japanese Association of Medical Technologists  

For postmortem diagnosis of diabetes mellitus including fulminant type 1 diabetes, it is necessary to determine the blood glucose concentration before death, and the concentrations of plasma and cerebrospinal fluid 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) and HbA1c were investigated in 59 individuals including diabetic patients (n = 13) and nondiabetic subjects (n = 46) without renal failure on the basis of anamnesis. The postmortem 1,5-AG concentration in the plasma showed linearity with that in the cerebrospinal fluid (r = 0.59). The mean 1,5-AG concentrations in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid were significantly lower in diabetes mellitus patients than in nondiabetic subjects (plasma 1,5-AG: 6.8 ± 8.3 µg/mL (diabetes mellitus) vs 23.6 ± 13.0 µg/mL (nondiabetes mellitus); cerebrospinal fluid 1,5-AG: 6.1 ± 5.3 µg/mL (diabetes mellitus) vs 19.4 ± 7.9 µg/mL (nondiabetes mellitus)). The plasma and/or cerebrospinal fluid 1,5-AG concentrations in all the diabetic patients were low. Furthermore, the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid 1,5-AG concentrations in nondiabetic subjects with HbA1c 6.5% or more was low. In nondiabetic subjects with normal HbA1c, only the plasma 1,5-AG concentration was low in those who died because of drowning. In conclusion, we consider that measurements of plasma and cerebrospinal fluid 1,5-AG concentrations in addition to HbA1c concentration are useful for the forensic diagnosis of postmortem diabetes mellitus including fulminant type 1 diabetes, and it is better to apply the measurement of cerebrospinal fluid 1,5-AG concentration in those who died because of drowning.

DOI： 10.14932/jamt.14-13

CiNii Article

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Other Link： https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-25670343/

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

The potential risk factors for sick building syndrome (SBS) in newly built dwellings were investigated. Two different definitions for SBS were used, a narrow definition (symptoms related to home environment and continuously occurring in the last 3 months were regarded as positive) and another relatively broad definition (symptoms related to home environment and either continuously or sporadically occurring in the last 3 months were regarded as positive). With both definitions indoor air chemicals, especially TVOC, and high stress during work were found to be significantly associated with SBS symptoms. Allergic history was more associated with narrow-sense symptoms and odor perception with broad-sense symptoms. The results indicate that the broad definition be preferred to find more potential risk factors.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

This study aimed to test the possible use of unmetabolized volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in urine as biomarkers of low-level indoor environmental exposure. Twenty-four subjects in 13 dwellings in a prefecture of Japan participated in this study. Air samples of the breathing zone were collected in the living room and bedroom, along with spot urine samples (before bedtime and first morning voids). Toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene isomers, styrene and p-dichlorobenzene in the air and urine samples were measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. For the 21 subjects without solvent exposure at work, there were significant correlations between the time-weighted average air concentrations in the bedroom and morning urinary concentrations for toluene, o-xylene, total xylene and p-dichlorobenzene (correlation coefficients of 0.54, 0.61, 0.56 and 0.84, respectively). Multiple linear regression analysis showed only air VOCs in the bedroom influenced the morning urinary VOC concentrations. We concluded that unmetabolized VOCs in the urine can provide a reliable biological indicator for air VOC exposures in non-occupational environments.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to determine whether a questionnaire-based method using the Veterans Specific Activity Questionnaire (VSAQ) is a practical tool for the development of a safe exercise program to prevent a reduction in physical performance. METHODS: One hundred and twenty-one senior residents of Yakage, Okayama, agreed to voluntarily participate in this study. They were asked to complete a questionnaire for information on age, sex, subjective health status, exercise habits and VSAQ. We investigated the relationship between age and exercise capacity predicted by VSAQ (predicted metabolic equivalents (METs)). In addition, for 36 out of the 121 participants, we performed a 6-min walk distance test (6MD) and investigated whether its results correlate with the predicted METs. Furthermore, we prepared a modified VSAQ and examined its practicality in the evaluation of the exercise capacity of Japanese elderly (n=50). RESULTS: We found that the predicted METs correlate well with age. Habitual exercise and subjective health status did not affect the predicted METs. A significant correlation was observed between the predicted METs and the results of 6MD (r=0.56, p<0.001). We also found that certain activities included in the original VSAQ are unfamiliar to Japanese elderly; thus, we made a few modifications to the original VSAQ in order to evaluate the physical fitness of Japanese elderly. The number of inadequate answers was reduced by employing the modified VSAQ. CONCLUSION: These findings imply that the modified VSAQ is useful in evaluating the exercise capacity of Japanese elderly adequately and is a practical scale for safe exercise.

DOI： 10.1007/BF02898022

PubMed

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Event date： 2018.12

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2018.12

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Event date： 2018.10.24 - 2018.10.26

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Event date： 2017.10.31 - 2017.11.2

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Event date： 2016.5

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2015.5

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2015.3

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2014.12

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2014.5

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2013.12

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2013.5

Language：Japanese  

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Presentation type：Poster presentation  

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