Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

File： 043-01-1236.pdf

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Concrete Institute  

A high volume of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) or granulated blast furnace slag (BFS) can enhance the resistance of concrete to freezing and thawing without the use of air-entraining (AE) agents. Furthermore, it can also enhance the resistance of concrete to chloride ion penetration and sulfuric acid attack, although the mechanism of improvement differs. In particular, BFS can reduce time-dependent strains, such as drying shrinkage strain and creep strain. The use of granulated blast furnace slag, either GGBS or BFS, promotes the durability of concrete structures by improving the mechanical properties of cementitious materials. Some of the concrete properties that are improved by the incorporation of BFS are presented in this paper. The detailed improvement mechanism of BFS has not yet been clarified. However, it is clear that it depends on the chemical reactions involving BFS and thus a critical time is required for BFS to hydrate in order to improve concrete properties. It takes four weeks to achieve high resistance to freezing and thawing by using BFS without the addition of an AE agent; use of a thickening agent can further shorten this curing period to one week. This paper is an English translation from a previous work by the authors [Ayano et al., (2014). "Resistance to freezing and thawing attack of concrete with blast furnace slag fine aggregate." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. E2 (Materials and Concrete Structures), 70(4), 417-427 (in Japanese)] and [Jariyathitipong et al., (2013). "Improvement of resistance to sulfuric acid attack of concrete by use of blast furnace slag sand." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. E2 (Materials and Concrete Structures), 69(4), 337-347 (in Japanese)].

File： 19_118.pdf

DOI： 10.3151/jact.19.118

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File： 041-01-1123.pdf

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File： 57_59.pdf

DOI： 10.3151/coj.57.1_59

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File： 57_83.pdf

DOI： 10.3151/coj.57.1_83

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Fuji Technology Press Ltd.  

Concrete deck slabs of bridges are often deteriorated by heavy traffic and freezing and thawing actions. Spraying salt during the winter further promotes the deterioration of concrete. Some reports estimate that the length of highway roads requiring the renewal of deteriorated concrete slabs exceeds 230 km. In order to extend the lifespan of damaged bridge girders, the load for these girders must not be increased. This means that prestressed concrete (hereafter, PC) members are desirable to sustain bridge life, because they can be thinner than reinforced concrete (hereafter, RC) members. In addition, to shorten the period of traffic regulation during renewal construction, precast members should be applied. One problem in manufacturing durable precast concrete is steam curing. When the temperature, period, or both of the steam curing process are inadequate, the effect of air-entraining (hereafter, AE) agents is lost because the warmed air trapped by the AE agent expands and escapes from the concrete. Another problem is concrete fatigue. It is well known that the fatigue lives of concrete slabs in wet conditions are much shorter than those in dry conditions. Concrete slabs are waterproofed immediately after construction, but the waterproofing can be fractured soon after opening bridges, and water can reach the concrete surface. The lifespan of concrete slabs in contact with water often depends on the fatigue of the concrete. Granulated blast furnace slag sand (hereafter, BFS) can enhance the resistance to freezing and thawing actions without using AE agents. Therefore, the resistance to freezing and thawing of concrete mixed with BFS is not damaged by steam curing. The fatigue of concrete in water is also improved by the addition of BFS. Furthermore, BFS can reduce the drying shrinkage of concrete. It is advantageous to restrict the loss of prestress in PC. This study shows that precast PC members with high durability can be manufactured when granulated blast furnace slag is used as a fine aggregate in the concrete. BFS reacts with cement hydrates. It is well known that the carbonation of concrete with ground granulated blast furnace slag (hereafter, GGBF) is much greater than that with ordinary binder. However, BFS does not accelerate the carbonation of concrete. When using granulated blast furnace slag as a fine aggregate, no disadvantage in the concrete properties is detected.

File： 12_456.pdf

DOI： 10.20965/jdr.2017.p0456

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File： Sulfuric Acid Resistance of Concrete with Blast Furnace Slag Fine Aggregate.pdf

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers  

File： 70_428.pdf

DOI： 10.2208/jscejmcs.70.428

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File： 70_417.pdf

DOI： 10.2208/jscejmcs.70.417

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers  

Drying shrinkage of concrete is a phenomenon caused by moisture distribution of concrete. Moisture distribution of concrete causes because evaporable moisture transfers from inside to outside of concrete through the drying surface. The drying shrinkage near the drying surface is much bigger than that in the center of concrete at arbitrary drying time. However, when the ratio of the length to the thickness of concrete member is high such as a prism test specimen (100×100×400mm) or a bridge girder, the Navier hypothesis is applicable for the deformation due to drying shrinkage and the longitudinal total strain both drying shrinkage and elastic strain is consequently constant at any place in the section.<br> In general, the time-dependent strain due to drying shrinkage can be expressed by the hyperbolic equation. In other words, the time-dependent strain due to drying shrinkage with the lapse of time is expressed by two parameters, that is, the parameter for ultimate drying shrinkage strain and the parameter to express the change of strain by the lapse of time. In this study, the method to predict the drying shrinkage strain in full-scale structures by using drying shrinkage obtained by test according to JIS A 1129 test is proposed. As a result, it is shown that the parameter to express the change of strain by the lapse of time is proportional to the square of the representative member thickness.

File： 69_377.pdf

DOI： 10.2208/jscejmcs.69.377

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There are a few cases that cracks occurred on PC structures at their young ages. It is judged that cracks were caused by large drying shrinkage of concrete. Drying shrinkage strain develops with the loss of moisture. When drying shrinkage is assumed to be constant at any position of cross section, it is impossible to simulate the crack due to drying shrinkage strain. The reason is that internal stress in concrete is developed by the difference of drying shrinkage between inside and outside of concrete. In order to examine the influence of the internal stress, the moisture distribution in concrete is calculated according to the diffusion equation. The analysis in this study targets to the PC bridge in site. As a result, it will be shown that internal stress of the PC bridge can be simulated and that the effect of drying shrinkage on the crack of the PC bridge can be presumed.

File： 69_390.pdf

DOI： 10.2208/jscejmcs.69.390

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File： 69_421.pdf

DOI： 10.2208/jscejmcs.69.421

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers  

File： 69_337.pdf

DOI： 10.2208/jscejmcs.69.337

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Concrete Institute  

Numbers of concrete structures have been constructed and they contribute to creation of infrastructures. It is important to know the stress of concrete acting on existing structures in order to maintain structures appropriately. However, it is difficult to know the actual stress for several reasons. The major reason is differences between the design stress conditions and the actual stress conditions. The causes are internal restrictions due to creep and shrinkage of concrete. In this study, the mechanisms of internal restrictions are investigated through various experiments on creep and shrinkage of concrete, and a new effective stress estimation method is proposed. The method is based on stress release technique. It can separate stresses caused by internal restriction from the total stress. Also, the accuracy of estimated stress has been improved by providing a specified measuring method. From verification tests using test specimens and actual structures, it was confirmed that the method is useful for setting maintenance level of structures.

File： 20_2_27.pdf

DOI： 10.3151/crt.20.2_27

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00332275190?from=CiNii

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers  

Biofouling on a steel slag hydrated matrix using steel-making slag as the aggregate and ground granulated blast-furnace slag as the main binder was investigated in enclosed coastal areas, and was compared with that on concrete and a natural rocky shore. The steel slag hydrated matrix tended to display larger microalgal density and diversity than concrete from the initial period at the start of the test, confirming that microalgae readily grow on the steel slag-based material. At a seawall where large-scale works were executed, the biofouling on the steel slag hydrated matrix was equal or superior to that on the natural rocky shore. Based on these results, the steel slag hydrated matrix was judged to be excellent in biofouling performance.

File： 65_1196.pdf

DOI： 10.2208/kaigan.65.1196

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File： 46_57.pdf

DOI： 10.3151/coj1975.46.5_57

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers  

Steel-making slag concrete consists of by-products at ironworks. Steel-making slag concrete is expected as an environmentally friendly concrete. Steel-making slag concrete is used for foot protection block and small marine block, now. The purpose of this study is to enlarge the cover field of steel-making slag concrete productions. In this paper, elastic strain, thermal strain, autogeneous shrinkage strain and drying shrinkage strain of steel-making slag concrete are compared with those of normal cement concrete. Autogeneous shrinkage of steel-making slag concrete is very small due to high water absorption of steel-making slag, even when water to binder ratio of the concrete is quite small. Drying shrinkage strain at ultimate drying time of steel-making slag concrete is much bigger than that of normal cement concrete. Furthermore, drying shrinkage strain of steel-making slag concrete develops at a very low rate. They are due to the effect of high water absorption of steel-making slag. When drying shrinkage strain of steel-making slag concrete is predicted by JSCE model, water content in aggregate must be taken into consideration. On the other hand, Young's modulus, thermal expansion coefficient of steel-making slag concrete is as same as those of normal cement concrete. The effect of type of aggregate on those coefficients is small. As shown in this paper, the deformation of steel-making slag concrete can be predicted in design. It is possible to utilize the steel-making slag concrete in manufacturing of plain concrete structures such as large precast concrete armour unit or concrete block for retaining wall and revetment.

File： 63_468.pdf

DOI： 10.2208/jsceje.63.468

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Steel-making slag concrete consists of by-products at ironworks. The strength of steel-making slag concrete is 20-50 N/mm² at 28 days. Ground granulated blast furnace slag is used as a binder. Steelmaking slag is used as an aggregate. Steel-making slag concrete doesn't use any natural aggregate, either. The calcium hydroxide leaching from steel-making slag acts as alkali activator of ground granulated blast furnace slag. Steel-making slag concrete can be hardened by itself without any cement. Resistance to carbonation of steel-making slag concrete and resistance to corrosion of steel rod in steel-making slag concrete are high for a long time due to calcium hydroxide leaching from steel-making slag. However, resistance to freezing and thawing of steel-making slag concrete is quite low. In this paper, the mechanism of low resistance to freezing and thawing was clarified. The method to improve the durability of steel-making slag concrete was shown. An entrained air by AE agent is formed by calcium ion. The paste just with ground granulated blast furnace slag cannot contain entrained air by AE agent because enough calcium ions cannot be produced by the hydration with water and ground granulated blast furnace slag. Big size air is formed around steel-making slag because of calcium hydroxide leaching from the steel-making slag. That's why resistance to freezing and thawing is low. In order to improve the resistance to freezing and thawing of steel-making slag concrete, it's necessary to use cement, fly ash and blast furnace slag sand. Cement is used to entrain the air by AE agent. Fly ash is used to consume the extra calcium hydroxide in steel-making slag concrete. Blast furnace slag sand is used to restrain the calcium hydroxide leaching from sand. Then, the resistance to freezing and thawing of steel-making slag concrete is as high as that of AE cement concrete.

File： 63_262.pdf

DOI： 10.2208/jsceje.63.262

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File： CLI-40-0145.pdf

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Authorship：Lead author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

File： art3A10.10072FBF02533581.pdf

DOI： 10.1007/bf02533581

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Other Link： http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02533581/fulltext.html

Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers  

According to the enhanced performance of concrete and the generalization of high strength concrete, the model code is improved to cope with them. The prediction equations of creep and shrinkage for high strength concrete are also indispensable to the present model code.<br>In this study, the precision of the present prediction equations was examined by using some data bases. The reliable knowledge of the effect of concrete strength on creep and shrinkage was also derived from the data included in these data bases. New prediction equations proposed in this paper are very simple and available for wide-ranged strength concrete creep and shrinkage.

File： 2001_1.pdf

DOI： 10.2208/jscej.2001.690_1

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Authorship：Lead author,　Last author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers  

File： 1999_387.pdf

DOI： 10.2208/jscej.1999.634_387

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File： 1992_179.pdf

DOI： 10.2208/jscej.1992.451_179

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers  

Most of widely-used creep analysis methods of concrete are on the basis of principle of superposition, and the creep coefficient used in the analysis is constant irrespective of subjected stress. Hence, the non-linear phenomena of creep are frequently neglected in the actual design. We clarify that the creep strain of concrete under the various stress histories is non-linear phenomena strongly affected by the maximum stress. When we treat creep as non-linear phenomena, we need creep hardening rule to calculate the creep strain under the changing stress. Many creep hardening rules have already proposed. For example, there are strain hardening rule, time hardening rule, work hardening rule and so on. These creep hardening rules are proposed for metal materials not for concrete. We will propose the creep hardening rule which can be applied to creep problem of concrete under any condition.

File： 1992_205.pdf

DOI： 10.2208/jscej.1992.451_205

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File： 040-01-1011.pdf

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DOI： 10.14250/cement.71.288

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File： 66_588.pdf

DOI： 10.2472/jsms.66.588

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

The experimental and analytical study are attempted to clarify the static and fatigue behavior of mortar with blast furnace slag (BFS) sand as fine aggregates in compression in air and water. The cylindrical BFS mortar specimens were used for static and fatigue compression tests in air and water and results are compared with those of mortar using crushed sand (CS). The fatigue load was applied in the form of sine signal with a constant amplitude and the frequency of 5 Hz. The stress level is varied from 60%, 70% and 80% of the uniaxial compressive strength. The experimental results disclose that BFS mortar exhibits more fatigue life compared to CS mortar in air, while it is similar in water. Thereafter, the stress-strain relationships for each mortar under monotonic loading are formulated. Moreover, a simplified fatigue model for the assessment of plastic strain, total strain and fracture parameter at different number of loading cycles and for prediction of fatigue life is also proposed. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.03.147

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File： 039-01-1204.pdf

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Cement Association  

<p>This paper shows the effect of ground granulated blast furnace slag and fly ash on freeze-thaw resistance of concrete with blast furnace slag sand. When granulated blast furnace slag sand is used as sand, the high resistance to freezing and thawing action can be expected even if AE agent is not used. Concrete with 50％ of water to cement ratio keeps over 90％ of relative dynamic modulus of elasticity till 300 cycles of freezing and thawing action regardless of period of curing. In the case of using ground granulated blast furnace slag as a part of the binder of the concrete with granulated blast furnace slag sand, by performing sufficient wet curing, the high-resistance to freezing and thawing can be expected same as using just ordinary portland cement. On the other hand, in the case of using a fly ash in a part of the binder of the concrete with granulated blast furnace slag sand, enough resistance to freezing and thawing cannot be obtaining even if cured in water until the age of 91days. In order to exhibit the effect of improving the freeze-thaw resistance by granulated blast furnace slag sand, the selection of a suitable admixture and sufficient wet curing are important.</p>

File： 70_355.pdf

DOI： 10.14250/cement.70.355

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File： 038-01-1156.pdf

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：International Committee of the SCMT conferences  

Concrete with granulated blast furnace slag sand has high resistance to freezing and thawing attack without AE agent. However, when rapid hardening portland cement is used, long term curing period is necessary to obtain the effect by granulated blast furnace slag sand. In this paper, it will be shown that ground granulated blast furnace slag and thíckening agent is useful in order to get the effect of granulated blast furnace slag sand at early age. Not only resistance to freezing and thawing attack but also resistance to scaling can be improved by granulated blast furnace slag sand. But, steam curing stunts the improvement of resistance to scaling.

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Cement Association  

The drying up of the natural aggregate resources becomes the problem. The slag is an industrial by-product attracts attention as substitute aggregate. Ferro-nickel slag and copper slag are made a standard in Japan Industrial standard（JIS）as concrete aggregate. But the slag is hardly used on the construction site. The slag contains many type heavy metals. There is possibility that heavy metals in the slag retard cement hydration. Therefore, it is necessary to know the effect that heavy metals give on hydration of cement for utilization of slags as concrete aggregate. This paper shows retardation effects of four kinds of copper compounds and four kinds of zinc compounds on setting of mortar. Basic copper carbonate, copper（Ⅰ）oxide, copper（Ⅱ）oxide, copper（Ⅱ）sulfate pentahydrate, zinc oxide, zinc nitrate hexahydrate, basic zinc carbonate and zinc sulfide were used. It was found that setting retardation effect of each compound was different according to the form of the metal salt. Basic copper carbonate had highest effect of setting retardation in four kinds of copper compounds. And zinc oxide had highest effect of setting retardation in four kinds of zinc compounds. In addition, basic copper carbonate and zinc oxide had more high setting retardation effect. In this paper, it was shown that using basic copper carbonate and zinc oxide together caused 20 days delay of setting times of mortar.

File： 68_164.pdf

DOI： 10.14250/cement.68.164

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File： 036-01-1173.pdf

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Cement Association  

It has been found that when the steam-curing method is used, even AE concrete with a lower water to cement ratio as 40％ cannot provide acceptable resistance to freeze and thaw. In this study, the compressive strength and the freezing and thawing resistance of concrete, containing ground granulated blast furnace slag as a binder and granulated blast furnace slag sand as a fine aggregate, has been investigated. Several mixtures of concrete with different water to binder ratios and ground granulated blast furnace slag to binder ratios, as well as mixtures with and without the AE agent, have been experimented upon. The curing method is also one of the control parameters in this investigation. The results show that the freezing and thawing resistance of concrete can be improved by using granulated blast furnace slag as a part of the binder. Moreover, the freezing and thawing resistance can be improved greatly when granulated blast furnace slag sand is also used as a fine aggregate. Furthermore, not only the freezing and thawing resistance of normal concrete is improved, but the freezing and thawing resistance of non AE agent concrete and steam-curing method concrete is improved as well.

File： 67_427.pdf

DOI： 10.14250/cement.67.427

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File： 036-01-1075.pdf

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DOI： 10.3151/coj.52.303

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DOI： 10.14250/cement.66.223

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File： ICCS13_581-586.pdf

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Cement Association  

This study relates to retardation effects of some inorganic compounds on a set of cement mortar. Zinc oxide, Basic zinc carbonate, Copper（Ⅰ）oxide, Copper（Ⅱ）oxide and Basic copper carbonate were used as an inorganic set retarder. Additionally, mixtures of those compounds were tested to examine a combination effect. It was found that retardation effect of zinc compounds was bigger than that of copper compounds. The difference of retardation effect between the zinc compounds was small. And the difference of retardation effect between the copper compounds was also small. Using basic copper oxide and zinc oxide together made the retardation effect bigger than single use of zinc oxide or basic copper carbonate. Particularly, in the case of using a mixture of zinc oxide and basic copper oxide in the ratio of 2：1 by mass, setting of mortar was retarded up to about 10th day. Remixing the mortar shortened the set time, that is to say, decreased the retardation effect. Compressive strength of the mortar at the 28th day was comparable to that of plain mortar. It means those retarders do not affect on the compressive strength at such an age.

File： 67_203.pdf

DOI： 10.14250/cement.67.203

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File： 50_689.pdf

DOI： 10.3151/coj.50.689

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File： 64_515.pdf

DOI： 10.14250/cement.64.515

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Cement Association  

Low-heat Portland blast furnace slag cement is the cement which raised a ratio of the ground granulated blast furnace slag and reduced the specific surface area of cement by blaine. When Portland blast furnace slag cement is used by binder, the temperature rise of concrete is lower than that of using ordinary Portland cement. In the case that low-heat Portland blast furnace slag cement is used by binder, the temperature rise of concrete is more low that of using Portland blast furnace slag cement which the specific surface area of cement by blaine is high. In the case of using Portland blast-furnace slag cement which raised a ratio of the ground granulated blast furnace slag, compressive strength and carbonation of concrete are worse than that of using ordinary Portland cement. However, sulfuric acid attack resistance is higher than that of using ordinary Portland cement. And in the case of using blast furnace slag sand together, resistance of sulfuric acid attack is more high. In addition, the drying shrinkage strain of concrete with Portland blast furnace slag cement and blast furnace slag sand is smaller than that of using ordinary Portland cement and crushed sand. And in the case that concrete with Portland blast furnace slag cement and blast furnace slag sand cured in stream, the drying shrinkage strain becomes small more.

File： 65_413.pdf

DOI： 10.14250/cement.65.413

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Hardened cement composites constituted of cement, ground granulated blast furnace slag powder and blast slag furnace sand as fine aggregate are excellent sulfuric acid resistance because of forming white colored protective film based on calcium sulfate. Assuming these composites applied for the concrete structures under the severe acid circumstance such as sewerage and acid hot spring, the basic mechanical properties of strengths, modulus of elasticity, fracture energy, a coefficient of thermal expansion were investigated. The flexural strength of reinforced concrete beam was experimentally obtained by the four point bending tests and structural characteristics were discussed. Furthermore, the load test for reinforced concrete beam after soaking in the sulfuric acid were also carried out in order to apply the precast concrete products for practical infrastructures. © 2010 The Society of Materials Science, Japan.

File： 59_757.pdf

DOI： 10.2472/jsms.59.757

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：HOKKAIDO UNIV PRESS  

This paper presents that granulated blast furnace slag sand can improve the resistance of concrete to sulphuric acid attack. When a part of cement is replaced with ground granulated blast furnace slag, and granulated blast furnace slag sand is used for sand, resistance of concrete to sulphuric acid attack can be improved more. Because, a coating of gypsum is formed on the mortar or concrete. A coating of gypsum is strong enough to prevent the corrosion by sulphuric acid attack. The relationships between the immersed depth of mortar or concrete by sulphuric acid attack and the product of soaking time and concentration of sulphuric acid are liner. It will show that the resistance to sulphuric acid attack of concrete with granulated blast furnace slag sand is 6 times higher than that of ordinary concrete.

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File： 032-01-1247.pdf

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File： 031-01-1299.pdf

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File： 20_320.pdf

DOI： 10.3985/jjsmcwm.20.320

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本コンクリート工学協会  

本論文は,モルタルの耐硫酸性に及ぼす細骨材の影響を示したものである。セメントには,普通ボルトランドセメントおよび水和反応によって生じる水酸化カルシウムの生成量を抑制する耐酸性セメントを使用した。川砂を細骨材に用いた場合には,耐酸性セメントを用いることで,モルタルの耐硫酸性が著しく向上する。一方,高炉スラグ細骨材を用いた場合には,セメントの種類による影響は小さく,高い耐硫酸性を示すことを明らかとした。

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File： 62_550.pdf

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本コンクリート工学協会  

本論文は,細骨材の種類が鉄鋼スラグ水和固化体の耐久性に及ぼす影響を示したものである。製銅スラグを細骨材に用いた鉄銅スラグ水和固化体は,普通コンクリートに比べて,圧縮強度,中性化,塩化物イオンの浸透性および耐硫酸性が劣る。これに対して,細骨材に高炉スラグを用いた鉄鋼スラグ水和固化体は,圧縮強度の増加は小さいものの,中性化,塩化物イオンの浸透性および耐硫酸性は改善されることが明らかとなった

File： 030-01-2083.pdf

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Alkali-aggregate reaction (AAR) is one of serious problems of concrete. It is known that fly ash, blast furnace slag, and so on can control the expansion of concrete by AAR. Natural zeolite is known as material that control AAR expansion, too. This paper shows the effect of aluminum hydroxide on control the expansion of concrete by AAR. It is possible to control the expansion of concrete by AAR when aluminum hydroxide to binder ratio is 4.0%. Especially, when a little of fly ash is combined, the effect of aluminum hydroxide is big. But, when aluminum hydroxide is used with much fly ash, the effect of aluminum hydroxide is not clear. The effect of aluminum hydroxide appears when it dissolves in concrete. In this paper, three different type of aggregate were used in order to clarify the effect of aluminum hydroxide on the expansion of concrete by AAR. The effect of aluminum hydroxide on AAR is somewhat different in the type of aggregate. However, it will clarify that aluminum hydroxide is one of an effective admixture to control the expansion of concrete by AAR. By combining aluminum hydroxide with adequate quantity of fly ash, big effect to control the expansion of concrete by AAR can be expected. © 2007 The Society of Materials Science.

File： 56_736.pdf

DOI： 10.2472/jsms.56.736

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File： 029-01-2083.pdf

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File： 029-01-2084.pdf

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File： 029-01-1204.pdf

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本コンクリート工学協会  

鉄鋼スラグ水和固化体は,通常のセメントコンクリートと同等の強度発現が可能でありながら,凍結融解抵抗性が劣る場合があることも知られている。鉄鋼スラグ水和固化体は,骨材に用いた溶銑予備処理スラグから溶出するカルシウムイオンにより高炉スラグ微粉末が刺激され硬化する。AE剤を用いても凍結融解抵抗性が劣る原因を本研究では明らかとする。凍結融解抵抗性を改善するには,結合材の一部をセメントとすること,細骨材にカルシウムイオンの溶出の少ない高炉スラグ細骨材を用いることが適当であること,多量に生成される水酸化カルシウムをポゾラン材料で消費させる必要があることを示す。

File： 028-01-1265.pdf

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Ordinary concrete structures are colorless and monotony. Therefore, they give an artificial and dreary impression. Many approaches for harmonizing concrete with surrounding landscape have been investigated. The coloring concrete is an approach to provide concrete with a favorable impression. The various highlights and contrasts of the scene may enable to readily distinguish elements from one another and to pick those that are most important to us at the moment. The pigment for coloring concrete, whose main component is iron oxide, can give any color without white and blue. The pigment whose main component is chrome oxide makes the color of concrete blue. The pigment whose main component is titanium oxide makes the color of concrete white. Furthermore, carbon black gives black color. When some types of pigment are mixed, the variation of concrete color is expected to be spread much more. In this paper, the effect of the dosage and the type of pigment on the color of concrete is discussed. The method to estimate the lightness and color shade of the color-conditioned concrete is proposed. The proposed method can be also available for the estimation of the color-conditioned concrete with several types of pigments. Normal Portland cement concrete and high volume blast furnace slag cement concrete were used for test.

File： 54_810.pdf

DOI： 10.2472/jsms.54.810

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File： 43_27.pdf

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File： 027-01-1108.pdf

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本コンクリート工学協会  

鉄鋼スラグ水和固化体は,通常のコンクリートと同程度の性能が発現可能な,副産物を利用した建設材料である。しかし,使用するスラグ骨材の品質によっては耐久性が劣る場合がある。鉄鋼スラグ水和固化体の性能を改善することを目的に,吸水率を下げた溶銑予備処理スラグを骨材として使用した。鉄鋼スラグ水和固化体の硬化後の性能に及ぼす影響を実験により確認した。とくに,耐凍害性は,吸水率の低い溶銑予備処理スラグを用いることで,エントレインドエアが連行されやすくなり,著しい改善効果が得られることを確認した。

File： 027-01-1231.pdf

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本コンクリート工学協会  

コンクリートには,劣化に伴って微細なひび割れが発生する。従って,コンクリートの塩化物イオン浸透性はその劣化とともに変化する。本研究では,乾燥および凍結融解作用によって劣化したコンクリートの塩分浸透性を調べた。種々の浸せき期間における塩化物イオン量分布を測定し,新しい塩化物イオン拡散係数の算定式を提案した。

File： 026-01-1160.pdf

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本コンクリート工学協会  

再生骨材を用いた自己充填コンクリートの二次製品への適用を目的とし,再生骨材が自己充填コンクリートの流動性,強度および耐久性に及ぼす影響を調べた。その結果,再生骨材を用いても,高性能減水剤の添加量を増やすことで自己充填コンクリートを製造することが可能であることが分かった。コンクリートの強度および耐久性は,コンクリートの単位水量と再生骨材中に含まれる吸水量の和によって説明できることが分かった。再生骨材に含まれる吸水量を考慮することにより,二次製品に要求される力学的性能を満たす製品が製造できることを示す。

File： 026-01-1249.pdf

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鉄鋼スラグ水和固化体は,製鉄所の副産物である高炉スラグ微粉末および製鋼スラグを主な原料とし,必要に応じてアルカリ刺激材等を添加して製造される。本研究によって,鉄鋼スラグ水和固化体の強度は,水粉体比の他に,練混ぜ直後のpHにも依存することが分かった。さらに,練混ぜ直後のpHをセメントコンクリートと同程度にすることで,強度のばらつきが小さく,安定して鉄鋼スラグ水和固化体を製造できることが分かった。また,鉄鋼スラグ水和固化体の耐中性化および耐鉄筋腐食性は,製鋼スラグのアルカリ性によって,長期にわたって高い性能を示すことが分かった。

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File： 025-01-1208.pdf

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PC構造物における設計自由度の拡大,部材の軽量化,高耐久性などを目的として高強度コンクリートはますますその重要性を高めている。しかしながら,コンクリートの高強度化に伴い,若材令時の収縮によるひびわれが問題となっている。高強度コンクリートの収縮ひずみを予測する場合,自己収縮の影響が大きくなる。本研究では,高強度モルタルの自己収縮ひずみの挙動を把握し,高強度コンクリートにも適用できる収縮ひずみ予測手法を提案する。

File： 025-01-1078.pdf

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Society of Materials Science Japan  

The delaminating and peeling concrete accidents for the tunnels or the bridges are the social problem in Japan. It is desirable to develop the concrete structures with high durability and high serviceability. The polypropylene fiber is believed to be one among the synthetic fiber to prevent the spalling of concrete fragment. As polypropylene fiber is elastic and flexible, it does not pierce the hands or the feet of the workers. It is easy to treat. The wide use of the polypropylene fiber is expected. However, the melting point of the polypropylene fiber is very low. It's about 160 - 170°C. The resistance to the fire accident of concrete with polypropylene fiber is very important for the safety of the public. In this study, the effect of temperature on the concrete strength and vapor explosion was examined. The air space by the vapored polypropylene fiber sets free vapor pressure of moisture in concrete. It is shown that the low melting point of the polypropylene fiber is not disadvantage at the fire accident on concrete structures.

File： 51_1123-2.pdf

DOI： 10.2472/jsms.51.1123

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Self-compacting high performance concrete is becoming more and more accepted for structural applications. The performance requirement may include ease of placement and compaction without segregation. Self-compacting high performance concrete is used for prefabricated constructions companies for improving quality variance of concrete and the environment of workers. However, it is well known that it is difficult to control the quality of the self-compacting high performance concrete with additional powders. Quality of the concrete is affected strongly by the quality of powder or water content of gravel. There is a slight variation of limestone powder quality used for producing the self-compacting high performance concrete continuously. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of fineness of limestone powders and particle-size distribution on the performance of self-compacting high performance concrete for stabilizing the production of the concrete.

File： 51_1099.pdf

DOI： 10.2472/jsms.51.1099

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本論文は,ビニロン繊維の混入効果が,コンクリート断面に存在するビニロン繊維の総表面積と高い関係にあることを示したものである。このことに基づけば,異なる寸法のビニロン繊維を混合した場合の方が,同じ寸法のもののみを混入した場合よりも,あるコンクリート断面に存在する繊維の総表面積は広くなり,ビニロン繊維の混入効果も高くなる。この混合効果を,コンクリートの割裂強度,乾燥収縮ひび割れに対する抵抗性および繰返し荷重下におけるRC部材のひび割れ進展抑制効果で確認した。

File： 024-01-1028.pdf

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File： 4588-32134-1-PB.pdf

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Other Link： http://eprints.lib.okayama-u.ac.jp/11529

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File： 023-01-2016.pdf

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：CANADIAN SOCIETY CIVIL ENGINEERING  

Concrete is an aging material, i.e. its properties developing with time due to the chemical reaction of cement and water. Time-dependent behavior of concrete is influenced by a large number of factors, internal and external, that generally depend upon materials properties and environmental conditions. The restraint imposed by the aggregate depends on the stiffness and volume fraction of aggregate in the concrete. In this paper the influence of the type of coarse aggregate on the mechanical properties and creep of normal and high-strength concretes is investigated. Crushed basalt and clay slate were used as coarse aggregates to realize the concrete Mixtures. For each aggregate type, two normal-strength concrete mixtures and two high-strength concrete mixtures were prepared.

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In this paper, the effect of polypropylene fiber, which does not rust even in the sea water, on resistance to cracking due to drying shrinkage was examined. Especially, the effect of size, shape and hydrophilic treatment to enhance the adherence between concrete and fiber were investigated. It will be shown that there is an optimum size and shape of polypropylene fiber for the resistance to cracking due to drying shrinkage and that the type of hydrophilic treatment for polypropylene fiber greatly influences the slump of concrete but not its resistance to cracking.

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Society of Materials Science, Japan  

Copper slag is a by-product yielded from a copper refinery. The annual amount of copper slag in Japan is two million tons. The copper slag has been used for cement material, sand blasting, reclamation and so on. However, most of the copper slag is stacked high as waste since the production exceeds demand. This study on the application of copper slag as fine aggregater for concrete has been started with the expecation of large amounts of consumption. Many researchers have already found it possible to use a copper slag as a concrete aggregate. However, it also has been clear that the concrete with copper slag has some problems. One of them is excess bleeding attributed to the glassy surface of copper slag. Another problem is the delay of setting time of concrete with copper slag nevertheless it produced at the same refinery. The delay of setting time is more than one week in some cases although the durability in concrete is not affected by it. In this paper, the strength, setting time and durability of concrete with copper slag is clarified. It is shown that the delay of setting time does not have a negative influence on durability. Furthermore, the solution will be given in this paper.

File： 49_1097.pdf

DOI： 10.2472/jsms.49.1097

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File： 022-01-2055.pdf

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