Faculty Profiles - SHIMANOUCHI Toshinori

Papers - SHIMANOUCHI Toshinori

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Sulfated glycosaminoglycans mediate prion-like behavior of p53 aggregates Reviewed

Naoyuki Iwahashi, Midori Ikezaki, Taro Nishikawa, Norihiro Namba, Takashi Ohgita, Hiroyuki Saito, Yoshito Ihara, Toshinori Shimanouchi, Kazuhiko Ino, Kenji Uchimura, Kazuchika Nishitsuji

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 117 ( 52 ) 33225 - 33234 2020.12

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) such as heparan sulfate (HS) are heteropolysaccharides implicated in the pathology of protein aggregation diseases including localized and systemic forms of amyloidosis. Among subdomains of sulfated GAGs, highly sulfated domains of HS, called HS S-domains, have been highlighted as being critical for HS function in amyloidoses. Recent studies suggest that the tumor suppressor p53 aggregates to form amyloid fibrils and propagates in a prion-like manner; however, molecules and mechanisms that are involved in the prion-like behavior of p53 aggregates have not been addressed. Here, we identified sulfated GAGs as molecules that mediate prion-like behavior of p53 aggregates. Sulfated GAGs at the cell surface were required for cellular uptake of recombinant and cancer cell-derived p53 aggregates and extracellular release of p53 from cancer cells. We further showed that HS S-domains accumulated within p53 deposits in human ovarian cancer tissues, and enzymatic remodeling of HS S-domains by Sulf-2 extracellular sulfatase down-regulated cellular uptake of p53 aggregates. Finally, sulfated GAG-dependent cellular uptake of p53 aggregates was critical for subsequent extracellular release of the aggregates and gain of oncogenic function in recipient cells. Our work provides a mechanism of prion-like behavior of p53 aggregates and will shed light on sulfated GAGs as a common mediator of prions.

DOI： 10.1073/PNAS.2009931117

Label-free, chronological and selective detection of aggregation and fibrillization of amyloid β protein in serum by microcantilever sensor immobilizing cholesterol-incorporated liposome Reviewed International journal

Tomoya Taniguchi, Toshinori Shimanouchi, Masayuki Sohgawa, Minoru Noda

Biotechnology and Bioengineering 117 ( 8 ) 2469 - 2478 2020.8

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY

To facilitate the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment patients, we developed a cantilever-based microsensor that immobilized liposomes of various phospholipids to detect a trace amount of amyloid β (Aβ) protein, and investigated its aggregation and fibrillization on model cell membranes in human serum. Three species of liposomes composed of different phospholipids of 1,2-dipalmtoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC), DPPC/phosphatidyl ethanolamine and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylglycerol having varied hydrophilic groups were applied, which showed different chronological interactions with Aβ(1–40) protein and varied sensitivities of the cantilever sensor, depending on their specific electrostatic charged conditions, hydrophilicity, and membrane fluidity. 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) having short hydrophobic carbon chains confirmed to show a large interaction with Aβ(1–40) and a high sensitivity. Furthermore, the incorporation of cholesterol into DMPC was effective to selectively detect Aβ(1–40) in human serum, which effect was also checked by quartz crystal microbalance. Finally, Aβ detection of 100-pM order was expected selectively in the serum by using the developed biosensor.

DOI： 10.1002/bit.27380

Other Link： https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/bit.27380

Phosphatidylethanolamine accelerates aggregation of the amyloidogenic N-terminal fragment of apoA-I Reviewed International journal

Naoko Kurimitsu, Chiharu Mizuguchi, Kaho Fujita, Suzuno Taguchi, Takashi Ohgita, Kazuchika Nishitsuji, Toshinori Shimanouchi, Hiroyuki Saito

FEBS Letters 594 ( 9 ) 1443 - 1452 2020.5

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Membrane lipid composition is known to influence aggregation and fibril formation of many amyloidogenic proteins. Here, we found that phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) accelerates aggregation of the N-terminal 1‒83 fragment of an amyloidogenic G26R variant of apoA-I on lipid membranes. Circular dichroism and isothermal titration calorimetry measurements demonstrated that PE does not affect the α-helical structure and lipid binding property of apoA-I 1-83/G26R. Rather, fluorescence measurements indicated that PE induces more ordered lipid packing at the interfacial and acyl chain regions, providing more hydrophobic environments especially around the highly amyloidogenic regions in apoA-I on the membrane surface. These results suggest that PE promotes aggregation of the amyloidogenic N-terminal fragment of apoA-I on lipid membranes by inducing hydrophobic membrane environments.

DOI： 10.1002/1873-3468.13737

Analysis of the Partitioning Behavior of Horseradish Peroxidase to Phospholipid and Surfactant Membranes Reviewed

Saki Fukuma, Toshinori Shimanouchi, Kazuma Yasuhara, Yukitaka Kimura

Solvent Extraction Research and Development 27 ( 2 ) 113 - 213 2020

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

The partitioning behavior of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to phospholipid- and surfactant vesicles has been analyzed. Peripheral binding of the zwitterionic phospholipid vesicle membranes is proposed with insertion into the membrane interior of negatively charged surfactant vesicles, resulting from non-electrostatic interaction. The insertion of HRP is interpreted by considering the interaction between headgroups of phospholipid and between headgroups of surfactant.

DOI： 10.15261/serdj.27.113

Application of liposome membrane as the reaction field: A case study using the Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reaction Reviewed

Toshinori Shimanouchi, Yuki Kitagawa, Yukitaka Kimura

Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 128 ( 2 ) 198 - 202 2019.8

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

The properties of the liposome membrane as a reaction field were investigated by focusing on the Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reaction as a case study. Use of the liposomes existing in the gel phase resulted in the enhanced activity of the substrates and furnished the products with same E/Z stereoselectivity as in the liposome-free system. The membrane environment in the gel phase most likely assisted the formation of adducts that induced selective generation of the E-isomer. The possible role of liposomes is to assist the proton removal from the reactant, rather than providing the basic interfacial environment.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.01.015

Alteration of Membrane Physicochemical Properties by Two Factors for Membrane Protein Integration Reviewed International journal

K. Nomura, Toshiyuki Yamaguchi, S. Mori, K. Fujikawa, Ken ichi Nishiyama, Toshinori Shimanouchi, Yasushi Tanimoto, Kenichi Morigaki, K. Shimamoto

Biophysical Journal 117 ( 1 ) 99 - 110 2019.7

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

After a nascent chain of a membrane protein emerges from the ribosomal tunnel, the protein is integrated into the cell membrane. This process is controlled by a series of proteinaceous molecular devices, such as signal recognition particles and Sec translocons. In addition to these proteins, we discovered two endogenous components regulating membrane protein integration in the inner membrane of Escherichia coli. The integration is blocked by diacylglycerol (DAG), whereas the blocking is relieved by a glycolipid named membrane protein integrase (MPIase). Here, we investigated the influence of these integration-blocking and integration-promoting factors on the physicochemical properties of membrane lipids via solid-state NMR and fluorescence measurements. These factors did not have destructive effects on membrane morphology because the membrane maintained its lamellar structure and did not fuse in the presence of DAG and/or MPIase at their effective concentrations. We next focused on membrane flexibility. DAG did not affect the mobility of the membrane surface, whereas the sugar chain in MPIase was highly mobile and enhanced the flexibility of membrane lipid headgroups. Comparison with a synthetic MPIase analog revealed the effects of the long sugar chain on membrane properties. The acyl chain order inside the membrane was increased by DAG, whereas the increase was cancelled by the addition of MPIase. MPIase also loosened the membrane lipid packing. Focusing on the transbilayer movement, MPIase reduced the rapid flip-flop motion of DAG. On the other hand, MPIase could not compensate for the diminished lateral diffusion by DAG. These results suggest that by manipulating the membrane lipids dynamics, DAG inhibits the protein from contacting the inner membrane, whereas the flexible long sugar chain of MPIase increases the opportunity for interaction between the membrane and the protein, leading to membrane integration of the newly formed protein.

DOI： 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.05.014

Temperature Measurement by Sublimation Rate as a Process Analytical Technology Tool in Lyophilization Reviewed International journal

Hidenori Kawasaki, Toshinori Shimanouchi, Hiroyuki Sawada, Hiroshi Hosomi, Yuta Hamabe, Yukitaka Kimura

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 108 ( 7 ) 2305 - 2314 2019.7

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Product temperature (T ) and drying time constitute critical material attributes and process parameters in the lyophilization process and especially during the primary drying stage. In the study, we performed a temperature measurement by the sublimation rate (TMbySR) to monitor the T value and determine the end point of primary drying. First, the water vapor transfer resistance coefficient through the main pipe from the chamber to the condenser (C ) was estimated via the water sublimation test. The use of C value made it possible to obtain the time course of T from the measurement of pressure at the drying chamber and at the condenser. Second, a Flomoxef sodium bulk solution was lyophilized by using the TMbySR system. The outcome was satisfactory when compared with that obtained via conventional sensors. The same was applicable for the determination of the end point of primary drying. A laboratory-scale application of the TMbySR system was evidenced via the experiment using 220-, 440-, and 660-vial scales of lyophilization. The outcome was not dependent on the loading amount. Thus, the results confirmed that the TMbySR system is a promising tool in laboratory scale. b b r r b

DOI： 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.02.015

Kinetic pH Titration to Predict the Acid and Hydrothermal Conditions for the Hydrolysis of Disaccharides: Use of a Microcapillary System Reviewed

Toshinori Shimanouchi, Ryota Mano, Yu Yoshioka, Ayaka Fukuda, Kyung Min Park, Yukitaka Kimura

Journal of Chemistry 2019 3985915 2019

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

The hydrolysis of disaccharides was conducted using a microcapillary system under hydrothermal conditions (up to 190°C at 10 MPa and pH 4-11). The hydrolysis reaction showed a sigmoidal progression with time, especially under alkaline conditions. Analysis using a kinetic model yielded the reaction induction period. The specific pH value (pH ) at the induction time, which is the pH value corresponding to the progression of disaccharide hydrolysis, was peculiar to each disaccharide. Finally, the calculation of the electron density around the oxygen atom of the glycosidic bond between saccharides was found to roughly predict the pH value required for the progression of hydrolysis. amb amb

DOI： 10.1155/2019/3985915

Structural and physicochemical characteristics of granular malic acid-treated sweet potato starch containing heat-stable resistant starch Reviewed

Chinwoo Kwon, Ha Ram Kim, Tae Wha Moon, Seung Hyun Lee, Chang Joo Lee, Toshinori Shimanouchi

Journal of Chemistry 2019 2019

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

This study investigated the structural and physicochemical characteristics of malic acid-treated sweet potato starch. Sweet potato starch mixed with various concentrations of malic acid solution underwent either thermal or nonthermal treatment. Observation of samples under a light microscope ensured the maintenance of granular shape and the Maltese cross. FT-IR spectra displayed a distinct carbonyl peak at 1722 cm , and analysis of the degree of substitution (DS) indicated an increase in the extent of ester bonds with increasing concentrations of malic acid. The DS of 2.0M-130 (0.214) was the highest and that of 0.5M-130 was the lowest (0.088) among the reacted starches. In vitro digestion test revealed an increased amount of resistant starch when a high concentration of malic acid was used. In addition, thermally treated samples maintained a higher content of resistant starch (RS) after 30 min of cooking at 100°C. After cooking, 2.0M-130 had an RS fraction of 53.4% which was reduced to 49.9% after cooking, revealing greater heat stability compared with nonthermally treated samples. The structure of malic acid-treated starch was investigated using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), an X-ray diffractometer, a rapid visco analyzer (RVA), and analysis of apparent amylose content. The results showed that thermal and malic acid treatment of starch caused not only partial hydrolysis but also rearrangement of the crystalline area and helix structure of starch by esterification. Analysis of malic acid-treated starch, using a rapid visco analyzer showed no pasting properties, due to lack of its swelling caused by the malic acid cross link. -1

DOI： 10.1155/2019/2903252

Recent Development of Optimization of Lyophilization Process Reviewed

Hidenori Kawasaki, Toshinori Shimanouchi, Yukitaka Kimura

Journal of Chemistry 2019 2019

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

The objective of this review is to survey the development of the optimization of lyophilization. The optimization study of the lyophilizer has been roughly developing by the order of (i) trial-and-error approach, (ii) process modeling using mathematical models, (iii) scalability, and (iv) quality-by-design. From the conventional lyophilization studies based on the trial-and-error, the key parameters to optimize the operation of lyophilization were found out, i.e., critical material attributes (CMAs), critical process parameters (CPPs), and critical quality attributes (CQAs). The mathematical models using the key parameters mentioned above have been constructed from the viewpoints of the heat and mass transfer natures. In many cases, it is revealed that the control of the primary drying stage determines the outcome of the lyophilization of products, as compared with the freezing stage and the secondary drying stage. Thus, the understanding of the lyophilization process has proceeded. For the further improvement of the time and economical cost, the design space is a promising method to give the possible operation range for optimizing the lyophilization operation. This method is to search the optimized condition by reducing the number of key parameters of CMAs, CPPs, and CQAs. Alternatively, the transfer of lyophilization recipe among the lab-, pilot-, and production-scale lyophilizers (scale-up) has been examined. Notably, the scale-up of lyophilization requires the preservation of lyophilization dynamics between the two scales, i.e., the operation of lab- or pilot-scale lyophilizer under HEPA-filtrated airflow condition. The design space determined by focusing on the primary drying stage is large and involves the undesired variations in the quality of final products due to the heterogeneous size distribution of ice crystals. Accordingly, the control of the formation of the ice crystal with large size gave impact on the product quality and the productivity although the large water content in the final product should be improved. Therefore, the lyophilization should take into account the quality by design (QbD). The monitoring method of the quality of the product in lyophilization process is termed the "process analytical technology (PAT)." Recent PAT tools can reveal the lyophilization dynamics to some extent. A combination of PAT tools with a model/scale-up theory is expected to result in the QbD, i.e., a quality/risk management and an in situ optimization of lyophilization operation.

DOI： 10.1155/2019/9502856

Innovative Strategies and Emerging Technologies for Food Safety Reviewed

Kyung Min Park, Sang Hyun Park, Toshinori Shimanouchi

Journal of Chemistry 2019 2019

Effect of phosphatidylserine and cholesterol on membrane-mediated fibril formation by the N-terminal amyloidogenic fragment of apolipoprotein A-I Reviewed International journal

Chiharu Mizuguchi, Mitsuki Nakamura, Naoko Kurimitsu, Takashi Ohgita, Kazuchika Nishitsuji, Teruhiko Baba, Akira Shigenaga, Toshinori Shimanouchi, Keiichiro Okuhira, Akira Otaka, Hiroyuki Saito

Scientific Reports 8 ( 1 ) 5497 - 5497 2018.12

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Here, we examined the effects of phosphatidylserine (PS) and cholesterol on the fibril-forming properties of the N-terminal 1-83 fragment of an amyloidogenic G26R variant of apoA-I bound to small unilamellar vesicles. A thioflavin T fluorescence assay together with microscopic observations showed that PS significantly retards the nucleation step in fibril formation by apoA-I 1-83/G26R, whereas cholesterol slightly enhances fibril formation. Circular dichroism analyses demonstrated that PS facilitates a structural transition from random coil to α-helix in apoA-I 1-83/G26R with great stabilization of the α-helical structure upon lipid binding. Isothermal titration calorimetry measurements revealed that PS induces a marked increase in capacity for binding of apoA-I 1-83/G26R to the membrane surface, perhaps due to electrostatic interactions of positively charged amino acids in apoA-I with PS. Such effects of PS to enhance lipid interactions and inhibit fibril formation of apoA-I were also observed for the amyloidogenic region-containing apoA-I 8-33/G26R peptide. Fluorescence measurements using environment-sensitive probes indicated that PS induces a more solvent-exposed, membrane-bound conformation in the amyloidogenic region of apoA-I without affecting membrane fluidity. Since cell membranes have highly heterogeneous lipid compositions, our findings may provide a molecular basis for the preferential deposition of apoA-I amyloid fibrils in tissues and organs.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-018-23920-3

Design of Pyrene-Fatty Acid Conjugates for Real-Time Monitoring of Drug Delivery and Controllability of Drug Release Reviewed International journal

Keita Hayashi, Yuma Mitsuyoshi, Toshiyuki Kamei, Toshinori Shimanouchi, Keishi Suga, Yukihiro Okamoto, Hidemi Nakamura, Hiroshi Umakoshi

ACS Omega 3 ( 3 ) 3572 - 3580 2018.3

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：American Chemical Society

Fluorescence probes are usually employed to analyze pharmacokinetics of drug carriers; however, this method using usual probes is not suitable to monitor drug carriers in detail because fluorescence spectra do not change by the disruption of drug carriers. In this study, pyrene-fatty acid conjugates were investigated as probes to monitor the state of drug carriers in real time. 1-Pyrenemethanol was conjugated with fatty acids, such as lauric acid, stearic acid, and behenic acid, and the conjugates were stirred in ethanol, resulting in the formation of submicron particles; these particles exhibited excimer emission. When J774.1 and Colon 26 cells were treated with these particles, the associated fluorescence spectra shifted from excimer emission to monomer emission. Moreover, the degree of change was controlled by the type of fatty acid. These results support the design of drug carriers that can be used to monitor pharmacokinetics in real time and to control the disruption time.

DOI： 10.1021/acsomega.7b02061

Scale-up procedure for primary drying process in lyophilizer by using the vial heat transfer and the drying resistance Reviewed

Hidenori Kawasaki, Toshinori Shimanouchi, Masaharu Yamamoto, Kanako Takahashi, Yukitaka Kimura

Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 66 ( 11 ) 1048 - 1056 2018

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

The objective of this study is to design primary drying conditions in a production lyophilizer based on a pilot lyophilizer. Although the shelf temperature and the chamber pressure need to be designed to maintain the sublimation interface temperature of the formulation below the collapse temperature, it is difficult to utilize a production lyophilizer to optimize cycle parameters for manufacturing. In this report, we assumed that the water vapor transfer resistance (Rp) in the pilot lyophilizer can be used in the commercial lyophilizer without any correction, under the condition where both lyophilizers were operated in the high efficiency particulate air (HEPA)-filtrated airflow condition. The shelf temperature and the drying time for the commercial manufacturing were designed based on the maximum Rp value calculated from the pilot lyophilizer (1008 vials) under HEPA-filtrated airflow condition and from the vial heat transfer coefficient of the production lyophilizer (6000 vials). And, the cycle parameters were verified using the production lyophilizer of 60000 vials. It was therefore concluded that the operation of lab- or pilot-scale lyophilizer under HEPA-filtrated airflow condition was one of important factors for the scale-up.

DOI： 10.1248/cpb.c18-00516

Effect of controlled nucleation of ice crystals on the primary drying stage during lyophilization Reviewed

Hidenori Kawasaki, Toshinori Shimanouchi, Kanako Takahashi, Yukitaka Kimura

Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 66 ( 12 ) 1122 - 1130 2018

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

The freezing stage cannot be directly controlled, which leads to variation in product quality and low productivity during the lyophilization process. Our objective was to establish a robust design space for the primary drying stage using ice nucleation control based on the pressurization and depressurization technique. We evaluated the specific surface area (SSA), water content, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, and water vapor transfer resistance of the dried layer (R ) of the products. The ice nucleation control resulted in a reduction of the SSA value and in an increase in water content. SEM observation suggested that the ice nucleation control enabled formation of large ice crystals, which was consistent with the reduction in the R value. As a result, the generation of collapsed cakes was inhibited, whereas 18% of the collapsed cakes were observed without ice nucleation control. Finally, this technique succeeded in determining a robust design space for the primary drying stage to produce uniform products of higher productivity. It was considered, from the present findings, that controlling the formation of large ice crystals impacted the product quality and productivity. p p

DOI： 10.1248/cpb.c18-00494

A label-free fluorescent array sensor utilizing liposome encapsulating calcein for discriminating target proteins by principal component analysis Reviewed International journal

Ryota Imamura, Naoki Murata, Toshinori Shimanouchi, Kaoru Yamashita, Masayuki Fukuzawa, Minoru Noda

Sensors (Switzerland) 17 ( 7 ) 1630 2017.7

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：MDPI AG

A new fluorescent arrayed biosensor has been developed to discriminate species and concentrations of target proteins by using plural different phospholipid liposome species encapsulating fluorescent molecules, utilizing differences in permeation of the fluorescent molecules through the membrane to modulate liposome-target protein interactions. This approach proposes a basically new label-free fluorescent sensor, compared with the common technique of developed fluorescent array sensors with labeling. We have confirmed a high output intensity of fluorescence emission related to characteristics of the fluorescent molecules dependent on their concentrations when they leak from inside the liposomes through the perturbed lipid membrane. After taking an array image of the fluorescence emission from the sensor using a CMOS imager, the output intensities of the fluorescence were analyzed by a principal component analysis (PCA) statistical method. It is found from PCA plots that different protein species with several concentrations were successfully discriminated by using the different lipid membranes with high cumulative contribution ratio. We also confirmed that the accuracy of the discrimination by the array sensor with a single shot is higher than that of a single sensor with multiple shots.

DOI： 10.3390/s17071630

Tailor-made drug carrier: Comparison of formation-dependent physicochemical properties within self-assembled aggregates for an optimal drug carrier Reviewed International journal

Keita Hayashi, Hideka Iwai, Toshiyuki Kamei, Kaede Iwamoto, Toshinori Shimanouchi, Sakiko Fujita, Hidemi Nakamura, Hiroshi Umakoshi

Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 152 269 - 276 2017.4

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

Self-assembled surfactant aggregates, such as micelles and vesicles, have been investigated for their application as drug carriers in the treatment of various diseases. However, the characteristics that decide which aggregate is the best drug carrier for each disease have not yet been clarified. In order to design an optimal drug carrier for each disease, various kinds of self-assembled aggregates, such as spherical micelles, lens-like vesicles, and tube-like vesicles, were evaluated by “multiple techniques” including dynamic light scattering, differential scanning calorimetry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and fluorescence measurement using the Laurdan probe. These studies led to the compilation of a database on the formation-dependent properties of self-assembled aggregates. As the relationship between physicochemical properties of self-assembled aggregates and their functions as drug carriers have been extensively reported, this database can be utilized for designing an optimal drug carrier, i.e., a tailor-made drug carrier.

DOI： 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.01.012

Effect of heparin on amyloid fibril formation of apoA-I fragment peptides Reviewed

Shiho Mikawa, Chiharu Mizuguchi, Izumi Morita, Hiroyuki Oyama, Teruhiko Baba, Akira Shigenaga, Toshinori Shimanouchi, Norihiro Kobayashi, Akira Otaka, Kenichi Akaji, Hiroyuki Saito

Peptide Science 2016 149 - 151 2017.2

Calcein leakage behavior from vesicles induced by proteinvesicle interaction: A study by surface pressurearea isotherms Reviewed

Saki Fukuma, Toshinori Shimanouchi, Keita Hayashi, Yukitaka Kimura

Chemistry Letters 46 ( 7 ) 1036 - 1039 2017

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：CHEMICAL SOC JAPAN

The release behavior of substrates encapsulated in the vesicle can be controlled by the interaction between the vesicular membrane and the protein. However, its control mechanism is still now unknown. Therefore, the proteinvesicle interaction was investigated by a A isotherm. It was clarified that the released amount of encapsulated substrates increased with increasing proteinvesicle interaction. This result leads to the development of drug delivery systems (DDS) and of biosensor technology.

DOI： 10.1246/cl.170119

Effect of wet and dry torrefaction process on fuel properties of solid fuels derived from bamboo and Japanese cedar Reviewed

Wei Yang, Shengji Wu, Hui Wang, Pengyu Ma, Toshiniri Shimanouchi, Yukitaka Kimura, Jie Zhou

BioResources 12 ( 4 ) 8629 - 8640 2017

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：North Carolina State University

Torrefaction is a promising pretreatment process to convert biomass into high energy density solid fuel for further thermal conversion systems. In this study, the effects of wet and dry torrefaction on the properties of solid fuels prepared from bamboo and Japanese cedar were investigated in a batch reactor. The yields of solid fuels decreased with increasing treatment temperature in both torrefaction processes, mainly due to the decomposition of cellulose and hemicellulose. Cellulose showed higher reactivity than hemicellulose in both biomasses. The higher heating values (HHV) of solid fuels prepared at the treatment temperatures higher than 240 °C in both torrefaction processes reached the same level as those of commercial coals. Wet torrefaction was better than dry torrefaction for decomposing bamboo and Japanese cedar. Dry torrefaction had more favorable impact than wet torrefaction on improving the fuel properties of bamboo and Japanese cedar because of its lower energy input, higher solid fuel yield, higher energy yield, and similar HHV under the same conditions. The crystalline structure of solid fuel had no great change below 260 °C in both torrefaction processes and was completely destroyed at 300 °C during dry torrefaction.

DOI： 10.15376/biores.12.4.8629-8640

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