Updated on 2023/12/27

写真a

 
UDDIN MD. AZHAR
 
Organization
Institute of Global Human Resorce Development Professor
Position
Professor
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Degree

  • 工学修士

  • 理学博士

Research Interests

  • 触媒反応

  • Energy Conversion Processes

  • エネルギー変換プロセス

  • Catalysis Reaction

Research Areas

  • Manufacturing Technology (Mechanical Engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Chemical Engineering) / Chemical reaction and process system engineering

  • Manufacturing Technology (Mechanical Engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Chemical Engineering) / Catalyst and resource chemical process

Education

  • Tokyo Institute of Technology    

    - 1994

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  • Tokyo Institute of Technology   理工学研究科   化学

    - 1994

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    Country: Japan

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  • バングラデシュ工業技術大学   工学部   化学工学

    - 1984

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    Country: Bangladesh

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Research History

  • - Professor,Graduate School of Environmental and life Science,Okayama University

    2016

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  • - 岡山大学環境生命科学研究科 教授

    2016

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  • Associate Professor,Graduate School of Environmental and life Science,Okayama University

    2005 - 2016

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  • 岡山大学環境生命科学研究科 准教授

    2005 - 2016

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Professional Memberships

Committee Memberships

  • 岡山大学院環境生命科学研究科 入試委員委員会   入試委員委員  

    2020.4   

  • 岡山大学 グロバルディスカバリープログラム   入試委員会 副委員長  

    2020.4   

  • 岡山大学・フエ大学院特別コース   サブコーディネーター  

    2020.4   

 

Papers

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Books

  • 炭素多孔体中のナノ金属微粒子の粒径制御(共著)

    化学工学シンポジウムシリーズ73,化学工学会発行 

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MISC

  • Effects of preparation method on the properties of cobalt supported beta-zeolite catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis

    Manami Nakanishi, Md. Azhar Uddin, Yoshiei Kato, Yuta Nishina, Abdul Muaz Hapipi

    CATALYSIS TODAY   291   124 - 132   2017.8

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    Language:English   Publisher:ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

    The effect of preparation method on the properties of Co supported beta-zeolite catalysts was examined in this study. Co-supported beta-zeolite catalysts (20wt.% Co as Ca3O4) were prepared by impregnation (IMP20), incipient wetness (IW20), physical mixing (PHY20) and precipitation (PCT20) methods and were characterized by various methods including N-2 adsorption (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), H-2 thermal programmed reduction (H-2-TPR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis was carried out over these catalysts at 230 degrees C and 1 MPa in a fixed-bed flow-type reactor. XPS and H-2-TPR analyses suggest that the catalysts can be ranked in terms of metal-support interactions: PCT20>IMP20 congruent to IW20>PHY20. On the other hand, based on reducibility, the catalysts were ordered as follows: PHY20>IMP20 congruent to IW20>PCT20. The catalytic activity and product selectivity during FT synthesis were also found to depend on the catalyst preparation method. The catalyst prepared by the incipient wetness method exhibited the highest CO conversion with high liquid production, whereas the physically mixed catalyst showed the lowest CO conversion. All the catalysts produced gasoline-range liquid hydrocarbons (C-5 -C-11) mainly and the selectivity towards i-paraffins was more than 60% in the case of the catalyst prepared by precipitation. Furthermore, the composition of liquid products produced over catalysts prepared by the impregnation and incipient wetness methods were similar to each other. Thus, the results of the study clearly show that the physico-chemical properties of the catalysts as well as catalytic activities and product selectivity during the FT reaction strongly depend on the catalyst preparation method. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

    DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2017.01.017

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  • Catalytic methanation of CO2 with NH3

    Md. Azhar Uddin, Yamato Honda, Yoshiei Kato, Katsuhiko Takagi

    CATALYSIS TODAY   291   24 - 28   2017.8

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    The catalytic methanation of CO2 with ammonia over Ni, Pt, and Ru catalysts impregnated on gamma-alumina was carried out in a fixed-bed reactor under atmospheric pressure at 573-873 K. The methanation of CO2 with NH3 is considered to occur in two stages-NH3 decomposition into H-2/N-2 followed by CO2 methanation with H-2. 1 wt% Pt/gamma-Al2O3 exhibited low activity for NH3 decomposition and CO2 methanation with H-2. Both 5 wt% Ni/gamma-Al2O3 and 1 wt% Ru/gamma-Al2O3 showed high activity for NH3 decomposition and CO2 methanation with H-2, but Ru/gamma-Al2O3 was much more active. For CO2 methanation with ammonia, only Ru/gamma-Al2O3 was significantly active. The yield of CH4 increased with increased Ru loading and reaction temperature, but was limited by thermodynamic equilibrium at higher temperatures. Ammonia decomposition is more facile than CO2 methanation on the Ru/gamma-Al2O3 catalyst and CO2 methanation is the rate limiting step.

    DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2017.03.032

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  • Correlation between Liquid/liquid and Gas/liquid Mass Transfers in a Top/Bottom Blowing Converter

    Yuho Kawabe, Md. Azhar Uddin, Yoshiei Kato, Min Oh Seok, Sang Beom Lee

    ISIJ INTERNATIONAL   57 ( 2 )   296 - 303   2017

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    Language:English   Publisher:IRON STEEL INST JAPAN KEIDANREN KAIKAN  

    In this study, a calculation procedure of gas/liquid mass transfer capacity coefficients based on liquid/ liquid ones was developed and cold model studies on benzoic acid transfer between water and liquid paraffin, and oxygen transfer among water, liquid paraffin and air was carried out under various top/bottom blowing rates and liquid/liquid volume ratios. The liquid/liquid mass transfer rate increased with the increase in a top blowing rate, but the increasing rate of a larger vessel diameter to the top blowing rate was lower than that of a smaller one. The gas/liquid mass transfer rate increased with the increase in both of top and bottom blowing rates, but the difference became reduced with the increase in the top blowing rate. The bottom blowing rate to minimize the sum of the top and bottom gas flow rates was almost constant for a given gas/liquid or liquid/liquid mass transfer rate. The liquid/liquid mass transfer rate increased and the gas/liquid one decreased with the increase in liquid paraffin volume ratio to water. There was a roughly positive correlation between the liquid/liquid and gas/liquid mass transfer rates throughout a wide range of top and bottom blowing rates, but the tendency was the opposite under the condition of the same paraffin volume and total blowing rate.

    DOI: 10.2355/isijinternational.ISIJINT-2016-196

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  • Effect of Particle Penetration Depth on Solid/liquid Mass Transfer Rate by Particle Blowing Technique

    Takahiro Okuno, Md. Azhar Uddin, Yoshiei Kato, Sang Beom Lee, Yong Hwan Kim

    ISIJ INTERNATIONAL   57 ( 11 )   1902 - 1910   2017

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    Language:English   Publisher:IRON STEEL INST JAPAN KEIDANREN KAIKAN  

    In this study, cold model experiments on particle blowing were carried out to clarify the effect of particle penetration depth on solid/liquid mass transfer rate. A comparison of penetration depth obtained by experiment and CFD calculation using commercially available software was also carried out. The penetration depth was measured by a visual observation whereas the solid/liquid mass transfer rate was obtained from the ion-exchanged reaction between Na- on pearlite particles and H+ in HCI aqueous solution. Both of the penetration depth and solid/liquid mass transfer rate increased with the increase in particle feed rate and top blowing gas flow rate, and the decrease in lance height and particle diameter. The following non-dimensional equation of particle penetration depth was obtained by several non-dimensional numbers:
    Re-p = 187Fr(0.673)We(0.199) (rho(i)-rho(p)/rho(i))(0.447)
    where, Rep: particle Reynolds number, Fr: Froude number, We: Weber number, rho(i) and rho(p): liquid and particle densities (kg/m(3)), respectively. A good agreement was confirmed by the experiment. The particle penetration depth was also calculated by a combination of VOF and DEM model and it was in good agreement with the experiment. The solid/liquid mass transfer coefficient calculated by the CFD simulation and Froessling equation increased with the increase in top blowing gas flow rate, particle feed rate and penetration depth. The solid/liquid interfacial area was expressed by a function of penetration depth.

    DOI: 10.2355/isijinternational.ISIJINT-2017-336

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  • Chlorine removal from incinerator bottom ash by superheated steam

    Hiroki Suda, Md. Azhar Uddin, Yoshiei Kato

    FUEL   184   753 - 760   2016.11

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    In this study, the dechlorination of two kinds of incineration bottom ashes containing NaCl, CaCl2 and MgCl2 was investigated under various superheated steam temperatures between 408 and 693 K and a steam flow rate of 10 kg/h. The mechanism of chlorine removal from three kinds of simulated ash samples shaped into cuboid was discussed on the basis of chlorine removal rate data involving one kind of inorganic chloride. The chlorine removal amount from the incineration ashes increased with increasing superheated steam temperature, however the amount of chlorine removal depended on the composition of the incineration ashes. The amount of chlorine removal from the incineration ash containing NaCl and CaCl2 was smaller than that from the ash containing NaCl and MgCl2 at the same superheated steam temperature. The chlorine removal amount from the simulated ash samples with different chlorides was increased in the following order: CaCl2, NaCl and MgCl2. The dechlorination rate was analyzed by an unreacted core model newly applied for cuboid. It is suggested that the chlorine removal rates from the simulated samples containing SiO2, Al2O3 and one of the inorganic chlorides (NaCl, CaCl2 or MgCl2) were controlled by the diffusion of gas in the solid sample. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

    DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2016.07.062

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  • Fluid Mixing in Ladle of RH Degasser Induced by Down Flow

    Kota Yoshitomi, Misato Nagase, Md. Azhar Uddin, Yoshiei Kato

    ISIJ INTERNATIONAL   56 ( 7 )   1119 - 1123   2016

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    In order to understand the effect of down flow in RH ladle on mixing time, the relationship among flow patterns, circulation and mixing phenomena were examined by using three sizes of model RH. The temporal change in electric conductivity in ion-exchanged water was tracked after injecting KCI solution and the decoloration process of iodine color in ion-exchanged water was observed visually after injecting sodium thiosulfate solution. There were two mixing patterns in the ladle: One has a damping oscillation curve for a tracer response and the decoloration reaction occurred everywhere and uniformly, the other has a monotonical decreasing tracer curve after an overshoot and the decoloration delayed near the free surface of the ladle. The (t(m)/t(R))/(D-leg/H) values decreased with the increase in Re below Re1.8x 104 and it was kept to be constant above Re-i- -1.8x 10(4) where tm: a mixing time (s), tR: a mean residence time (s) of fluid in the ladle, Dieg: inner diameter of down -leg (m) and H: length of jet axis between down -leg outlet and jet-impinged wall (m). In the region of Re > 1.8x10(4), the mixing was controlled by the circulating flow, whereas in the region of Re <1.8x10(4) the mixing behavior was influenced by the stagnation zone near the free surface of the ladle.

    DOI: 10.2355/isijinternational.ISIJINT-2015-714

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  • Activated Carbon from Rubber Wood Sawdust by Carbon Dioxide Activation

    Mohammad Amir Firdaus Mazlan, Yoshimitsu Uemura, Suzana Yusup, Fathelrahman Elhassan, Azhar Uddin, Ai Hiwada, Mitsutaka Demiya

    PROCEEDING OF 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PROCESS ENGINEERING AND ADVANCED MATERIALS (ICPEAM 2016)   148   530 - 537   2016

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    Activated carbon (AC) is an organic adsorbent and mostly used to adsorb volatile organic compound pollutants. In the present work, AC was produced from rubber wood sawdust via a physical activation method using CO2 gas. Prior to activation process, the biomass was carbonized under N-2 gas flow of 600 mL/min for 1 h at a corresponding temperature to produce char. The effect of activation temperature (700, 720, 740, and 760 degrees C) and time (60, 90, and 120 min) on the mass yield and characteristics of activated carbon was investigated. In overall, the yield of AC decreased when heated at higher activation temperature and increased at longer time. Under nitrogen adsorption analysis, surface area and pore volume of AC were determined. At higher temperature, surface area and pore volume increased, but excessive heating could break the pore structure. Next, the performance of activated carbon was tested in term of adsorption capacity for gas and liquid phase adsorption represented by benzene and trichloroethylene, respectively. Preliminary results suggested that the AC could adsorb both compounds efficiently. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

    DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2016.06.549

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  • Solid/liquid mixing pattern and its comparison with liquid/liquid one in a mechanically- stirred vessel

    Ryutaro Shiba, Md, Azhar Uddin, Yoshiei Kato

    Tetsu-To-Hagane/Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute of Japan   102 ( 4 )   196 - 201   2016

  • Effects of HCl and SO2 Concentration on Mercury Removal by Activated Carbon Sorbents in Coal-Derived Flue Gas

    Ryota Ochiai, Md Azhar Uddin, Eiji Sasaoka, Shengji Wu

    ENERGY & FUELS   23 ( 10 )   4734 - 4739   2009.10

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    The effect of the presence of HCl and SO2 in the simulated coal combustion flue gas on the Hg-0 removal by a commercial activated carbon (coconut shell AC) was investigated in a laboratory-scale fixed-bed reactor in a temperature range of 80-200 degrees C. The characteristics (thermal stability) of the mercury species formed on the sorbents under various adsorption conditions were investigated by the temperature-programmed decomposition desorption (TPDD) technique. It was found that the presence of HCl and SO2 in the flue gas affected the mercury removal efficiency of the sorbents as well as the characteristics of the mercury adsorption species. The mercury removal rate of AC increased with the HCl concentration in the flue gas. In the presence of HCl and the absence of SO2 during Hg-0 adsorption by AC, a single Hg-0 desorption peak at around 300 degrees C was observed in the TPDD spectra and intensity of this peak increased with the HCl concentration during mercury adsorption. The peak at around 300 degrees C may be derived from the decomposition and desorption of mercury chloride species. The presence of SO2 during mercury adsorption had an adverse effect on the mercury removal by AC in the presence of HCl. In the presence of both HCl and SO2 during Hg-0 adsorption by AC, the major TPDD peak temperatures changed drastically depending upon the concentration of HCl and SO2 in flue gas during Hg-0 adsorption.

    DOI: 10.1021/ef900057e

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  • Effects of HCl and SO2 Concentration on Mercury Removal by Activated Carbon Sorbents in Coal-Derived Flue Gas

    Ryota Ochiai, Md Azhar Uddin, Eiji Sasaoka, Shengji Wu

    ENERGY & FUELS   23 ( 10 )   4734 - 4739   2009.10

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    The effect of the presence of HCl and SO2 in the simulated coal combustion flue gas on the Hg-0 removal by a commercial activated carbon (coconut shell AC) was investigated in a laboratory-scale fixed-bed reactor in a temperature range of 80-200 degrees C. The characteristics (thermal stability) of the mercury species formed on the sorbents under various adsorption conditions were investigated by the temperature-programmed decomposition desorption (TPDD) technique. It was found that the presence of HCl and SO2 in the flue gas affected the mercury removal efficiency of the sorbents as well as the characteristics of the mercury adsorption species. The mercury removal rate of AC increased with the HCl concentration in the flue gas. In the presence of HCl and the absence of SO2 during Hg-0 adsorption by AC, a single Hg-0 desorption peak at around 300 degrees C was observed in the TPDD spectra and intensity of this peak increased with the HCl concentration during mercury adsorption. The peak at around 300 degrees C may be derived from the decomposition and desorption of mercury chloride species. The presence of SO2 during mercury adsorption had an adverse effect on the mercury removal by AC in the presence of HCl. In the presence of both HCl and SO2 during Hg-0 adsorption by AC, the major TPDD peak temperatures changed drastically depending upon the concentration of HCl and SO2 in flue gas during Hg-0 adsorption.

    DOI: 10.1021/ef900057e

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  • Characteristics of the low temperature SCR of NOx with NH3 over TiO2

    Md Azhar Uddin, Koichiro Shimizu, Koji Ishibe, Eiji Sasaoka

    JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR CATALYSIS A-CHEMICAL   309 ( 1-2 )   178 - 183   2009.8

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    Low temperature selective catalytic reduction (LT-SCR) of NO+NO2 mixture with NH3 was investigated over TiO2, SiO2 and activated carbon in a conventional flow type fixed-bed reactor at 100 degrees C under atmospheric pressure. The effects of gas composition such as presence of SO2 and NH3 and the ratio of NO2/NO in the feed-stream on the LT-SCR have been studied. The presence of SO2 and O-2 was essential for the selective removal of NO with NH3 over TiO2. The presence of SO2 contributed to the oxidation of NO to NO2 over TiO2. If NO2 existed with NO in the reaction system, the presence of SO2 was not necessary for the removal of NO over TiO2. The following two reactions were suggested to occur over TiO2: NO+NO2 + 2NH(3) -> 2N(2) + 3H(2)O (1) and 2NO(2) +2NH(3) -> N-2 + NH4NO3 + H2O (2). The reaction (2) occurred on all three catalysts, however the reaction (1) did not proceed significantly over SiO2. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

    DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2009.06.002

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  • Characteristics of the low temperature SCR of NOx with NH3 over TiO2

    Md Azhar Uddin, Koichiro Shimizu, Koji Ishibe, Eiji Sasaoka

    JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR CATALYSIS A-CHEMICAL   309 ( 1-2 )   178 - 183   2009.8

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    Low temperature selective catalytic reduction (LT-SCR) of NO+NO2 mixture with NH3 was investigated over TiO2, SiO2 and activated carbon in a conventional flow type fixed-bed reactor at 100 degrees C under atmospheric pressure. The effects of gas composition such as presence of SO2 and NH3 and the ratio of NO2/NO in the feed-stream on the LT-SCR have been studied. The presence of SO2 and O-2 was essential for the selective removal of NO with NH3 over TiO2. The presence of SO2 contributed to the oxidation of NO to NO2 over TiO2. If NO2 existed with NO in the reaction system, the presence of SO2 was not necessary for the removal of NO over TiO2. The following two reactions were suggested to occur over TiO2: NO+NO2 + 2NH(3) -> 2N(2) + 3H(2)O (1) and 2NO(2) +2NH(3) -> N-2 + NH4NO3 + H2O (2). The reaction (2) occurred on all three catalysts, however the reaction (1) did not proceed significantly over SiO2. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

    DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2009.06.002

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  • Catalytic Decomposition of Biomass Tars with Dolomites

    Elizabeth Gusta, Ajay K. Dalai, Azhar Uddin, Eiji Sasaoka

    ENERGY & FUELS   23 ( 3-4 )   2264 - 2272   2009.3

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    Catalytic gasification of wood biomass was carried out using a double-bed microreactor in a two-stage process. Temperature-programmed steam gasification of biomass was performed in the first bed at 200-850 degrees C. Following in series was isothermal catalytic decomposition and gasification of volatile compounds (including tars) in the second bed containing various dolomites. Dolomites from Canada, Australia, and Japan were examined for their effects on tar conversion and the overall gaseous product. A total of 74% of biomass carbon was emitted as volatile matter during tar gasification (200-500 degrees C biomass bed temperature). Dolomites improved tar conversion to gaseous products by an average of 21 % over noncatalytic results at a 750 degrees C isothermal catalyst bed temperature using 1.6 cm(3) dolomite/g of biomass. The iron content in dolomite was found to promote tar conversion and the water-gas shift reaction, but the effectiveness reached a plateau at 0.9 wt % Fe in Canadian dolomites. The maximum tar conversion of 66% was achieved at 750 degrees C using a Canadian dolomite with 0.9 wt % Fe (1.6 cm(3)/g of biomass). Carbon conversion to gaseous products increased to 97% using 3.2 cm(3) dolomite/g of biomass at the same temperature. The dolomite seemed stable after 15 h of cyclic use at 800 degrees C.

    DOI: 10.1021/ef8009958

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  • Catalytic Decomposition of Biomass Tars with Dolomites

    Elizabeth Gusta, Ajay K. Dalai, Azhar Uddin, Eiji Sasaoka

    ENERGY & FUELS   23 ( 3-4 )   2264 - 2272   2009.3

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    Language:English   Publisher:AMER CHEMICAL SOC  

    Catalytic gasification of wood biomass was carried out using a double-bed microreactor in a two-stage process. Temperature-programmed steam gasification of biomass was performed in the first bed at 200-850 degrees C. Following in series was isothermal catalytic decomposition and gasification of volatile compounds (including tars) in the second bed containing various dolomites. Dolomites from Canada, Australia, and Japan were examined for their effects on tar conversion and the overall gaseous product. A total of 74% of biomass carbon was emitted as volatile matter during tar gasification (200-500 degrees C biomass bed temperature). Dolomites improved tar conversion to gaseous products by an average of 21 % over noncatalytic results at a 750 degrees C isothermal catalyst bed temperature using 1.6 cm(3) dolomite/g of biomass. The iron content in dolomite was found to promote tar conversion and the water-gas shift reaction, but the effectiveness reached a plateau at 0.9 wt % Fe in Canadian dolomites. The maximum tar conversion of 66% was achieved at 750 degrees C using a Canadian dolomite with 0.9 wt % Fe (1.6 cm(3)/g of biomass). Carbon conversion to gaseous products increased to 97% using 3.2 cm(3) dolomite/g of biomass at the same temperature. The dolomite seemed stable after 15 h of cyclic use at 800 degrees C.

    DOI: 10.1021/ef8009958

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  • Temperature programmed decomposition desorption of the mercury species over spent iron-based sorbents for mercury removal from coal derived fuel gas

    Masaki Ozaki, Md. Azhar Uddin, Eiji Sasaoka, Shengji Wu

    FUEL   87 ( 17-18 )   3610 - 3615   2008.12

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    Development of an elemental mercury (Hg-0) removal process for coal derived fuel gas is an important issue in the development of a clean and highly efficient coal power generation system. Recently, iron-based sorbents such as iron oxide (Fe2O3), Supported iron oxide on TiO2, and iron disulfide have been proposed as active mercury sorbents. It was supposed that Hg-0 reacted with H2S on the iron-based sorbents and captured mercury. However, the mercury species captured on the sorbents have not been directly characterized yet. The captured mercury species was too small to identify because the concentration of Hg-0 was very low (ppb order). In this study, a temperature programmed decomposition technique is applied in order to understand the decomposition character of the mercury species captured on iron-based sorbents. The Hg-0 removal experiments were carried out in a laboratory-scale fixed-bed reactor at 80 degrees C using simulated fuel gas. After the Hg-0 removal experiments, desorption of the captured mercury species was carried out in the same fixed-bed reactor using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Temperature programmed decomposition desorption (TPDD) experiments revealed that the decomposition characteristic of mercury species captured on the sorbent was similar to that of HgS reagents (cinnabar and meta-cinnabar). Furthermore, it was observed that the characteristics of the decomposition of mercury species depended on the sorbent type of sorbents and reaction conditions. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

    DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2008.06.011

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  • Temperature programmed decomposition desorption of the mercury species over spent iron-based sorbents for mercury removal from coal derived fuel gas

    Masaki Ozaki, Md. Azhar Uddin, Eiji Sasaoka, Shengji Wu

    FUEL   87 ( 17-18 )   3610 - 3615   2008.12

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    Development of an elemental mercury (Hg-0) removal process for coal derived fuel gas is an important issue in the development of a clean and highly efficient coal power generation system. Recently, iron-based sorbents such as iron oxide (Fe2O3), Supported iron oxide on TiO2, and iron disulfide have been proposed as active mercury sorbents. It was supposed that Hg-0 reacted with H2S on the iron-based sorbents and captured mercury. However, the mercury species captured on the sorbents have not been directly characterized yet. The captured mercury species was too small to identify because the concentration of Hg-0 was very low (ppb order). In this study, a temperature programmed decomposition technique is applied in order to understand the decomposition character of the mercury species captured on iron-based sorbents. The Hg-0 removal experiments were carried out in a laboratory-scale fixed-bed reactor at 80 degrees C using simulated fuel gas. After the Hg-0 removal experiments, desorption of the captured mercury species was carried out in the same fixed-bed reactor using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Temperature programmed decomposition desorption (TPDD) experiments revealed that the decomposition characteristic of mercury species captured on the sorbent was similar to that of HgS reagents (cinnabar and meta-cinnabar). Furthermore, it was observed that the characteristics of the decomposition of mercury species depended on the sorbent type of sorbents and reaction conditions. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

    DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2008.06.011

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  • The effects of temperature on the activation of peat char in the presence of high calcium content

    Andrei Veksha, Eiji Sasaoka, Md. Azhar Uddin

    JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS   83 ( 1 )   131 - 136   2008.9

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    High calcium content peat was used for the preparation of activated carbons with CO2 activation. The influence of temperature on the porous characteristics of the activated carbons was investigated. Calcium compounds were found to intensify the pore widening at high temperatures. As a result, the micropore volumes and surface areas of the samples prepared at 850 degrees C were lower than those prepared at 650 and 750 degrees C. As the mesopores were destroyed at high temperature, the total pore volume decreased at 850 degrees C and was lower than at 750 degrees C. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

    DOI: 10.1016/j.jaap.2008.07.001

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  • The effects of temperature on the activation of peat char in the presence of high calcium content

    Andrei Veksha, Eiji Sasaoka, Md. Azhar Uddin

    JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS   83 ( 1 )   131 - 136   2008.9

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    High calcium content peat was used for the preparation of activated carbons with CO2 activation. The influence of temperature on the porous characteristics of the activated carbons was investigated. Calcium compounds were found to intensify the pore widening at high temperatures. As a result, the micropore volumes and surface areas of the samples prepared at 850 degrees C were lower than those prepared at 650 and 750 degrees C. As the mesopores were destroyed at high temperature, the total pore volume decreased at 850 degrees C and was lower than at 750 degrees C. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

    DOI: 10.1016/j.jaap.2008.07.001

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  • Role of SO2 for elemental mercury removal from coal combustion flue gas by activated carbon

    Md. Azhar Uddin, Toru Yamada, Ryota Ochiai, Eiji Sasaoka, Shengji Wu

    ENERGY & FUELS   22 ( 4 )   2284 - 2289   2008.7

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    In order to clarify the role Of SO2 in the removal of mercury from coal combustion flue gas by activated carbon, the removal of Hg-0 vapor from simulated coal combustion flue gas containing SO2 by a commercial activated carbon (AC) was studied. ne Hgo removal experiments were carried out in a conventional flow type packed bed reactor system with simulated flue gases having a composition of Hg-0 (4.9 ppb), SO2 (0 or 500 ppm), CO2 (10%), H2O (0 or 15%), O-2 (0 or 5%), and N-2 (balance gas) at a space velocity (SV) of 6.0 X 10(4) h(-1) in a temperature rang 60- 100 degrees C. It was found that, for SO2 containing flue gas, the presence of both O-2 and H2O was necessary for the removal of Hgo and the Hgo removal was favored by lowering the reaction temperature in the order of 60 > 80 > 100 degrees C. The presence of SO2 in the flue was essential for the removal of HgO by untreated activated carbon. The activated carbons pretreated with SO2 or H2SO4 Prior to the HgO removal also showed Hgo removal activities even in the absence of SO2; however, the presence of SO2 also suppressed the Hgo removal of the SO2-pretreated AC or H2SO4 preadded AC.

    DOI: 10.1021/ef800134t

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  • Role of SO2 for elemental mercury removal from coal combustion flue gas by activated carbon

    Md. Azhar Uddin, Toru Yamada, Ryota Ochiai, Eiji Sasaoka, Shengji Wu

    ENERGY & FUELS   22 ( 4 )   2284 - 2289   2008.7

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    In order to clarify the role Of SO2 in the removal of mercury from coal combustion flue gas by activated carbon, the removal of Hg-0 vapor from simulated coal combustion flue gas containing SO2 by a commercial activated carbon (AC) was studied. ne Hgo removal experiments were carried out in a conventional flow type packed bed reactor system with simulated flue gases having a composition of Hg-0 (4.9 ppb), SO2 (0 or 500 ppm), CO2 (10%), H2O (0 or 15%), O-2 (0 or 5%), and N-2 (balance gas) at a space velocity (SV) of 6.0 X 10(4) h(-1) in a temperature rang 60- 100 degrees C. It was found that, for SO2 containing flue gas, the presence of both O-2 and H2O was necessary for the removal of Hgo and the Hgo removal was favored by lowering the reaction temperature in the order of 60 > 80 > 100 degrees C. The presence of SO2 in the flue was essential for the removal of HgO by untreated activated carbon. The activated carbons pretreated with SO2 or H2SO4 Prior to the HgO removal also showed Hgo removal activities even in the absence of SO2; however, the presence of SO2 also suppressed the Hgo removal of the SO2-pretreated AC or H2SO4 preadded AC.

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  • Catalytic decomposition of biomass tars with iron oxide catalysts

    Md. Azhar Uddin, Hiroshi Tsuda, Shengji Wu, Eiji Sasaoka

    FUEL   87 ( 4-5 )   451 - 459   2008.4

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    Catalytic gasification of wood (Cedar) biomass was carried out using a specially designed flow-type double beds micro reactor in a two step process: temperature programmed non-catalytic steam gasification of biomass was performed in the first (top) bed at 200-850 degrees C followed by catalytic decomposition gasification of volatile matters (including tars) in the second (bottom) bed at a constant temperature, mainly 600 degrees C. Iron oxide catalysts, which transformed to Fe3O4 after use possessed catalytic activity in biomass tar decomposition. Above 90% of the volatile matters was gasified by the use of iron oxide catalyst (prepared from FeCl3 and NH3aq) at SV of 4.5 x 10(3) h(-1). Tar was decomposed over the iron oxide catalysts followed by water gas shift reaction. Surface area of the iron oxide seemed to be an important factor for the catalytic tar decomposition. The activity of the iron oxide catalysts for tar decomposition seemed stable with cyclic use but the activity of the catalysts for the water gas shift reaction decreased with repeated use. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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  • Development of iron-based sorbents for Hg-0 removal from coal derived fuel gas: Effect of hydrogen chloride

    Shengji Wu, Masaki Ozaki, Md. Azhar Uddin, Eiji Sasaoka

    FUEL   87 ( 4-5 )   467 - 474   2008.4

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    Laboratory studies were conducted to develop an elemental mercury (Hg-0) removal process based on the reaction of H2S and Hg-0 using iron-based sorbents for coal derived fuel gas. It is well known that hydrogen chloride (HCl) is present in fuel gases derived from some types of coal, but the effect of HCI on the Hg-0 removal performance of iron-based sorbents in coal derived fuel gas is not yet well understood. In this study, the effects of HCl on the removal of Hg-0 from coal derived fuel gases over iron-based sorbents such as iron oxide (Fe2O3) supported iron oxides on TiO2, iron oxide-Ca(OH)(2), and iron sulfides were investigated. The Hg-0 removal experiments were carried out in a laboratory-scale fixed-bed reactor at 80 degrees C using simulated fuel gas. In the case of iron oxide (Fe(2)o(3)), the presence of HCl suppressed the Hg-0 removal rate. In the case of Fe2O3 (2 or 5 wt%)/TiO2, the presence of HCl did not suppress the Hg-0 removal rate and the activity was stable. The Hg-0 removal performance of reagent FeS2 was higher than that of the iron oxide, and not affected by the presence of HCI. The Hg-0 removal rate of iron oxide-Ca(OH)(2) was not effected by the presence of HCI, because HCl was captured by Ca(OH)(2). The reagent FeS2 showed higher Hg-0 removal activity than that of FeS2 ore. However, the Hgo removal performance of ground and kneaded FeS2 ore was comparable to that of reagent FeS2 probably due to the increase in porosity of the FeS2 ore by grinding and kneading. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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  • Development of iron-based sorbents for Hg-0 removal from coal derived fuel gas: Effect of hydrogen chloride

    Shengji Wu, Masaki Ozaki, Md. Azhar Uddin, Eiji Sasaoka

    FUEL   87 ( 4-5 )   467 - 474   2008.4

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    Laboratory studies were conducted to develop an elemental mercury (Hg-0) removal process based on the reaction of H2S and Hg-0 using iron-based sorbents for coal derived fuel gas. It is well known that hydrogen chloride (HCl) is present in fuel gases derived from some types of coal, but the effect of HCI on the Hg-0 removal performance of iron-based sorbents in coal derived fuel gas is not yet well understood. In this study, the effects of HCl on the removal of Hg-0 from coal derived fuel gases over iron-based sorbents such as iron oxide (Fe2O3) supported iron oxides on TiO2, iron oxide-Ca(OH)(2), and iron sulfides were investigated. The Hg-0 removal experiments were carried out in a laboratory-scale fixed-bed reactor at 80 degrees C using simulated fuel gas. In the case of iron oxide (Fe(2)o(3)), the presence of HCl suppressed the Hg-0 removal rate. In the case of Fe2O3 (2 or 5 wt%)/TiO2, the presence of HCl did not suppress the Hg-0 removal rate and the activity was stable. The Hg-0 removal performance of reagent FeS2 was higher than that of the iron oxide, and not affected by the presence of HCI. The Hg-0 removal rate of iron oxide-Ca(OH)(2) was not effected by the presence of HCI, because HCl was captured by Ca(OH)(2). The reagent FeS2 showed higher Hg-0 removal activity than that of FeS2 ore. However, the Hgo removal performance of ground and kneaded FeS2 ore was comparable to that of reagent FeS2 probably due to the increase in porosity of the FeS2 ore by grinding and kneading. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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  • Development of iron-based sorbents for Hg-0 removal from coal derived fuel gas: Effect of hydrogen chloride

    Shengji Wu, Masaki Ozaki, Md. Azhar Uddin, Eiji Sasaoka

    FUEL   87 ( 4-5 )   467 - 474   2008.4

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    Laboratory studies were conducted to develop an elemental mercury (Hg-0) removal process based on the reaction of H2S and Hg-0 using iron-based sorbents for coal derived fuel gas. It is well known that hydrogen chloride (HCl) is present in fuel gases derived from some types of coal, but the effect of HCI on the Hg-0 removal performance of iron-based sorbents in coal derived fuel gas is not yet well understood. In this study, the effects of HCl on the removal of Hg-0 from coal derived fuel gases over iron-based sorbents such as iron oxide (Fe2O3) supported iron oxides on TiO2, iron oxide-Ca(OH)(2), and iron sulfides were investigated. The Hg-0 removal experiments were carried out in a laboratory-scale fixed-bed reactor at 80 degrees C using simulated fuel gas. In the case of iron oxide (Fe(2)o(3)), the presence of HCl suppressed the Hg-0 removal rate. In the case of Fe2O3 (2 or 5 wt%)/TiO2, the presence of HCl did not suppress the Hg-0 removal rate and the activity was stable. The Hg-0 removal performance of reagent FeS2 was higher than that of the iron oxide, and not affected by the presence of HCI. The Hg-0 removal rate of iron oxide-Ca(OH)(2) was not effected by the presence of HCI, because HCl was captured by Ca(OH)(2). The reagent FeS2 showed higher Hg-0 removal activity than that of FeS2 ore. However, the Hgo removal performance of ground and kneaded FeS2 ore was comparable to that of reagent FeS2 probably due to the increase in porosity of the FeS2 ore by grinding and kneading. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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  • Development of iron oxide sorbents for Hg-0 removal from coal derived fuel gas: Sulfidation characteristics of iron oxide sorbents and activity for COS formation during Hg-0 removal

    Shengji Wu, Naoki Oya, Masaki Ozaki, Junichi Kawakami, Md. Azhar Uddin, Eiji Sasaoka

    FUEL   86 ( 17-18 )   2857 - 2863   2007.12

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    The aim of this study is to develop a process for the removal of Hg-0 using H2S over iron oxides sorbents, which will be located just before the wet desulfurization unit and catalytic COS converter of a coal gasification system. It is necessary to understand the reactions between the iron oxide sorbent and other components of the fuel gas such as H2S, CO, H-2, H2O, etc- In this study, the sulfidation behavior and activity for COS formation during Hg-0 removal from coal derived fuel gas over iron oxides prepared by precipitation and supported iron oxide (I wt% Fe2O3/TiO2) prepared by conventional impregnation were investigated. The iron oxide samples were dried at 110 degrees C (designated as Fe(2)O3-110) and calcined at 300 and 550 degrees C (Fe2O3-300 and Fe2O3-550). The sulfidation behavior of iron oxide sorbents in coal derived fuel gas was investigated by thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). COS formation during Hg-0 removal over iron oxide sorbents was also investigated using a laboratory-scale fixed-bed reactor. It was seen that the Hg-0 removal activity of the sorbents increased with the decrease of calcinations temperature of iron oxide and extent of sulfidation of the sorbents also increased with the decrease of calcination temperature. The presence of CO suppressed the weight gain of iron oxide due to sulfidation. COS was formed during the Hg-0 removal experiments over Fe2O3-110. However, in the cases of calcined iron oxides (Fe2O3-300, Fe2O3-550) and I wt% Fe2O3/TiO2, formation of COS was not observed but the Hg-0 removal activity of 1 wt% Fe2O3/TiO2 was high. Both FeS and FeS2 were active for Hg-0 removal in coal derived fuel gas without forming any COS. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

    DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2007.03.004

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  • Preparation of activated carbon from asphalt and heavy oil fly ash and coal fly ash by pyrolysis

    Md. Azhar Uddin, Yosuke Shinozaki, Naoya Furusawa, Toru Yamada, Yuki Yamaji, Eiji Sasaoka

    JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS   78 ( 2 )   337 - 342   2007.3

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    Activated carbons were prepared by the pyrolysis of a mixture of fly ash and road paving asphalt dissolved in kerosene at 650 degrees C in N-2 atmosphere. Asphalt provides a porous carbonaceous structure and also acts as a binder to hold the fly ash particles together. The fly ash acts as a support for this carbon structure. The preparation variables studied were the pretreatment of asphalt-fly ash composite in air or N-2; and the asphalt ratio (amount of asphalt in grams added to 100 g of fly ash) of the raw mixture. The pretreatment of asphalt-fly ash composite at 250 degrees C in air resulted in a higher effective asphalt carbon yield than no pretreatment or pretreatment in N-2. The effective asphalt carbon yield increased with asphalt ratio up to 20 and then decreased at higher ratios. For heavy oil fly ash, the optimum asphalt ratio was 50-60 for maximum carbon yield. The specific surface areas of the asphalt and fly ash carbons were in the range of 500-800 m(2)/(g-asphalt derived carbon), depending on the asphalt derived carbon content of the sample. The asphalt ratio in the raw materials also affected the macropore structure of the product carbon: the macropore diameter of the sample increased with asphalt ratio. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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  • Effects of SO2 on NO adsorption and NO2 formation over TiO2 low-temperature SCR catalyst

    Md. Azhar Uddin, Koji Ishibe, Shengji Wu, Caili Su, Eiji Sasaoka

    INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH   46 ( 6 )   1672 - 1676   2007.3

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    TiO2 is known as a low-temperature selective catalyst for the reduction (LT-SCR) of NO with NH3. Furthermore, it is well-known that the oxidation of NO over the catalyst plays an important role in the LT-SCR. Adsorption of SO2 and NO over two kinds of TiO2 catalysts was investigated using a conventional flow type fixed-bed reactor at 100 degrees C under atmospheric pressure. The effect of the presence of SO2 on the adsorption of NO over the catalysts and the formation NO2 from NO was studied. The relationship between the NO2 formation, the NO adsorption, and the SO2 adsorption was also studied. The presence of SO2 was essential for the oxidative adsorption of NO over the catalysts. SO2 was adsorbed and converted to SO42-, then NO adsorbed on the SO2 pre-adsorbed catalyst and converted to NO3-. The presence of both SO2 and NO contributed to the formation NO2 from NO over the TiO2 samples. It was found that NO2 was evolved from an equimolar reaction of NO and SO2.

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  • Characteristics of the removal of mercury vapor in coal derived fuel gas over iron oxide sorbents

    SJ Wu, MA Uddin, E Sasaoka

    FUEL   85 ( 2 )   213 - 218   2006.1

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    The characteristics of a novel method for Hg removal using H2S and sorbents containing iron oxide were studied. Previously, we have suggested that this method is based on the reaction of Hg and H2S over the sorbents to form HgS. However, the reaction mechanism is not well understood. In this work, the characteristics of the Hg removal were studied to clarify the reaction mechanism. In laboratory made sorbents containing iron oxide were used as the sorbent to remove mercury vapor from simulated coal derived fuel gases having a composition of Hg (4.8 ppb), H2S (400 ppm), CO (30%), H-2 (20%), H2O (8%), and N-2 (balance gas). The following results were obtained: (1) The presence of H2S was indispensable for the removal of Hg from coal derived fuel gas; (2) Hg was removed effectively by the sorbents containing iron oxide in the temperature range of 60-100 degrees C; (3) The presence of H2O suppressed the Hg removal activity; (4) The presence of oxygen may play very important role in the Hg removal and; (5) Formation of elemental sulfur was observed upon heating of the used sample. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

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  • Liquid phase oxidation of benzene to phenol with molecular oxygen using carbon-based Fe-Pd and Cu-Pd catalyst

    Md. Azhar Uddin, Manabu Tanihara, Akinori Muto, Yusaku Sakata

    Journal of the Faculty of Environmental Science and Technology Okayama University   2006

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  • Develpment of activated carbon dephosphorous agent for phosphorous removal by crystallization

    Md. Azhar Uddin, Takahide Imagane, Eiji Sasaoka

    Kemikaru Enjiniyaringu   2006

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  • Characteristics of the mercury vapor removal from coal combustion flue gas by activated carbon using H2S

    T Morimoto, SJ Wu, MA Uddin, E Sasaoka

    FUEL   84 ( 14-15 )   1968 - 1974   2005.10

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    Removal of Hg-0 vapor from the simulated coal combustion flue gases with a commercial activated carbon was investigated using H2S. This method is based on the reaction of H2S and Hg over the adsorbents. The Hg-0 removal experiments were carried out in a conventional flow type packed bed reactor system in the temperature range of 80-150 degrees C using simulated flue gases having the composition of Hg-0 (4.9 ppb), H2S (0-20 ppm), SO2 (0-487 ppm), CO2 (10%), H2O (0-15%), O-2 (0-5%), N-2 (balance gas). The following results were obtained: in the presence of both H2S and SO2, Hg removal was favored at lower temperatures (80-100 degrees C). At 150 degrees C, presence of O-2 was indispensable for Hg-0 removal from H2S-SO2 flue gas system. It is suggested that the partial oxidation of H2S with O-2 to elemental sulfur (H2S + 1/2O(2) = S-ad + H2O) and the Clause reaction (SO2 + 2H(2)S = 3S(ad) + 2H(2)O) may contribute to the Hg-0 removal over activated carbon by the following reaction: S-ad + Hg = HgS. The formation of elemental sulfur on the activated carbon was confirmed by a visual observation. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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  • Gas-phase and Pd-catalyzed hydrodehalogenation of CBrClF2, CCl2F2, CHClF2, and CH2F2

    H Yu, EM Kennedy, MA Uddin, Y Sakata, BZ Dlugogorski

    INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH   44 ( 10 )   3442 - 3452   2005.5

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    Hydrodehalogenation of CBrClF2, CCl2F2, CHClF2, and CH2F2 with hydrogen has been studied in the gas phase and over supported Pd catalysts in a tubular alumina reactor. During gas-phase reactions, selectivity to CH2F2 is low for the hydrodehalogenation of CBrClF2, CCl2F2, and CHClF2. CHClF2 is the primary product for the hydrodehalogenation of CBrClF2 and CCl2F2, whereas C2F4 is the major product for the hydrodehalogenation of CHClF2. Over Pd/C catalysts, CH2F2 is the primary product, with selectivities generally over 60% for the hydrodehalogenation of CBrClF2, CCl2F2, and CHClF2. Halocarbons and hydrogen compete for the available surface sites on Pd, and it is suggested that the rate-limiting step during the catalytic hydrodehalogenation of the four halocarbons involves the cleavage of C-halogen bonds, that is, C-Br in CBrClF2, C-Cl in CCl2F2 and CHClF2, and C-F in CH2F2.

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  • Experimental and computational studies of the thermal decomposition of Halon 1211

    H Yu, EM Kennedy, A Uddin, SP Sullivan, BZ Dlugogorski

    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS   37 ( 3 )   134 - 146   2005.3

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    Thermal pyrolysis of halon 1211 (CBrClF2), diluted in nitrogen, in a tubular alumina reactor, has been studied over the temperature range of 773-1073 K at residence times from 03 to 2 s. At temperatures below 973 K, the major products were CCl2F2, CBr2F2, C2Cl2F4, C2BrClF4, C2F4, and C2Br2F4. Further increasing temperature resulted in the formation of CBrF3, CClF3, and many other species whose formation necessitated the rupture of C-F bonds. Coke formation was also observed on the surface of the reactor at high temperatures. A kinetic reaction scheme involving 16 species and 25 reaction steps was developed and applied to model the thermal pyrolysis of halon 12 11 over the temperature range of 773-973 K. Sensitivity analysis suggests that the reaction CBrClF2 + CClF2 --> CCl2F2 + CBrF2 constitutes the major pathway for the decomposition of halon 1211 under the conditions investigated. (C) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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  • Removal of nitrogen, bromine, and chlorine from PP/PE/PS/PVC/ABS-Br pyrolysis liquid products using Fe- and Ca-based catalysts

    M Brebu, T Bhaskar, K Murai, A Muto, Y Sakata, MA Uddin

    POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY   87 ( 2 )   225 - 230   2005.2

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    The thermal and catalytic degradation of a complex polymer mixture was performed at 450degreesC at atmospheric pressure in a batch process. The mixture contained polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer with a brominated flame retardant and antimony oxide synergist (ABS-Br) and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), in a 3/3/ 2/1/1 weight ratio. The effect of iron (FeOOH and Fe-C composite) and calcium (CaCO3 and Ca-C composite) based catalysts for removal of heteroatom- (nitrogen, bromine, and chlorine) containing compounds in oil products was studied. Changes in the amount and distribution of heteroatoms were described using NP gram curves. Iron catalysts give best results for bromine removal from decomposition oil while calcium catalysts have high efficiency for chlorine removal; however, both Fe- and Ca-catalysts have low effect in nitrogen removal. Carbon composite catalysts give three times less chlorine but they produce higher amounts of nitrogen in degradation oils than the corresponding Fe and Ca pure compounds. In bromine removal Ca-C composite shows higher effect compared to CaCO3 while Fe-C composite has slightly worse effect than FeOOH. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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  • Conversion of halon 1211 (CBrClF2) over supported Pd catalysts

    Y Hai, EM Kennedy, MA Uddin, AA Adesina, BZ Dlugogorski

    CATALYSIS TODAY   97 ( 2-3 )   205 - 215   2004.10

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    Conversion of halon 1211 has been studied over gamma-Al2O3 and supported 0.5% Pd catalysts (Pd/Al2O3, Pd/fluorinated Al2O3, Pd/AlF3, Pd/ Al2O3 pretreated with CH4 and CHCIF2). The experiments were performed in the temperature range of 443-523 K, in a tubular alumina reactor. The temperature of the reactor was maintained uniformly by a three zone furnace. The reaction products were quantified with a micro gas chromatograph and identified with a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer. The catalysts were characterised with XRD diffractometry and the content of halogen on the catalysts was determined with an ion chromatograph. The measurements were presented in terms of the conversion of halon 1211 and product selectivity, as functions of catalyst type, catalyst time on stream and composition of inlet gases. Transformation of Pd to Pd carbide is observed in the CH4 treated Pd/Al2O3, but not in the CHCIF2 treated Pd/Al2O3 in which case Al2O3 was partially fluorinated. In the absence of hydrogen, the conversion of halon 1211 over Al2O3 and Pd/Al2O3 gives a similar product profile and the reactions follow a heterogeneous halogen exchange reaction pathway, which takes place on the positively charged aluminum ions. Introduction of hydrogen has no apparent effect on either halon 1211 conversion level or the product profile during the conversion of halon 1211 over Al2O3. Over supported Pd catalysts, major products are hydrogenated species which include CH2F2, CH4, C2H6, C3H8, CH3Br and CHF3. The most striking feature of the hydrodehalogenation reactions is the increasing CH2F2 selectivity with time on stream, especially on Pd/Al2O3 and the CH4 treated Pd/Al2O3. The changing selectivity during the catalytic hydrodehalogenation reactions is mainly ascribed to the interaction of support with Pd. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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  • The effect of PVC and/or PET on thermal degradation of polymer mixtures containing brominated ABS

    M Brebu, T Bhaskar, K Murai, A Muto, Y Sakata, MA Uddin

    FUEL   83 ( 14-15 )   2021 - 2028   2004.10

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    Complex polymer mixtures of high density polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS) and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer containing a polybrominated epoxy type flame retardant (ABS-Br) were thermally degraded at 450 degreesC in the presence of PVC and/or PET. It was found that besides a large amount of styrene and benzene derivatives (more than 50 wl.%), the pyrolysis oils contained about 1000 ppm nitrogen, 1000-4000 ppm bromine, 5000-5200 ppm chlorine and 800-1300 ppm oxygen, their amount and distribution depending on the composition of polymer mixture. The effect of PVC manifests especially in the early stages of decomposition while PET influenced also the late stages of the process. ABS copolymer and its flame retardant interact with both PVC and PET during thermal decomposition. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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  • The individual and cumulative effect of brominated flame retardant and polyvinylchloride (PVC) on thermal degradation of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) copolymer

    M Brebu, T Bhaskar, K Murai, A Muto, Y Sakata, MA Uddin

    CHEMOSPHERE   56 ( 5 )   433 - 440   2004.8

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    Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) copolymers without and with a polybrominated epoxy type flame retardant were thermally degraded at 450 degreesC alone (10 g) and mixed with polyvinylchloride (PVC) (8 g/2 g). Gaseous and liquid products of degradation were analysed by various gas chromatographic methods (GC with TCD, FID, AED, MSD) in order to determine the individual and cumulative effect of bromine and chlorine on the quality and quantity of degradation compounds. It was found that nitrogen, chlorine, bromine and oxygen are present as organic compounds in liquid products, their quantity depends on the pyrolysed polymer or polymer mixture. Bromophenol and dibromophenols were the main brominated compounds that come from the flame retardant. 1-Chloroethylbenzene was the main chlorine compound observed in liquid products. It was also determined that interactions appear at high temperatures during decomposition between the flame retardant, PVC and the ABS copolymer. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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  • Pyrolysis studies of PP/PE/PS/PVC/HIPS-Br plastics mixed with PET and dehalogenation (Br, Cl) of the liquid products

    T Bhaskar, J Kaneko, A Muto, Y Sakata, E Jakab, T Matsui, MA Uddin

    JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS   72 ( 1 )   27 - 33   2004.8

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    Pyrolysis of polypropylene (PP)/polyethylene (PE)/polystyrene (PS)/poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)/high impact polystyrene with brominated flame retardant (HIPS-Br) plastics mixed with poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) was performed at 430degreesC under atmospheric pressure using a semi-batch operation. The presence of PET in the pyrolysis mixture of PP/PE/PS/PVC/HIPS-Br affected significantly the formation of decomposition products and the decomposition behavior of the plastic mixture. We observed the following effects of PET on the pyrolysis of PP/PE/PS/PVC/HIPS-Br mixed plastics: (i) the yield of liquid product decreased and the formation of gaseous products increased; (ii) a waxy residue was formed in addition to the solid carbon residue; (iii) the formation of SbBr3 was not detected in liquid products; (iv) the yield of chlorinated branched alkanes increased as well as vinyl bromide and ethyl bromide were formed. The use of calcium carbonate carbon composite (Ca-C) completely removed the chlorine and bromine content from the liquid products during PP/PE/PS/PVC/HIPS-Br pyrolysis, however in the presence of PET, the catalytic experiment (Ca-C, 8 g) yielded liquid products containing 310 ppm of Br and 20 ppm of Cl. In addition, the Ca-C increased the yield of liquid products about 3-6 wt.%, as well as enhanced the gaseous product evolution and decreased the yield of residue. The halogen free liquid hydrocarbons can be used as a feedstock in a refinery or as a fuel. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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  • Thermal degradation of PE and PS mixed with ABS-Br and debromination of pyrolysis oil by Fe- and Ca-based catalysts

    M Brebu, T Bhaskar, K Murai, A Muto, Y Sakata, MA Uddin

    POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY   84 ( 3 )   459 - 467   2004.6

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    Polymer mixtures containing 8 g of high density polyethylene (PE) or polystyrene (PS) and 2 g of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer containing a polybrominated epoxy type flame retardant (ABS-Br) were thermally degraded at 450degreesC. FeOOH and two carbon composites based on iron (Fe-C) and calcium (Ca-C) were used for catalytic decomposition and their effect on the bromine and nitrogen amount and distribution in pyrolysis oil was determined by GC-AED analysis. It was found that iron-based catalysts removed bromine from pyrolysis oil and decreased the nitrogen amount converting nitrile compounds into ammonia. Calcium carbon composite had lower effect especially on the pyrolysis of PS/ABS-Br mixture. These liquid products can be used as fuel oil or feedstock in petroleum refinery. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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  • Effect of poly(ethylene terephthalate) on the pyrolysis of brominated flame retardant containing high impact polystyrene and catalytic debromination of the liquid products

    T Bhaskar, J Kaneko, A Muto, Y Sakata, E Jakab, T Matsui, MA Uddin

    JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS   71 ( 2 )   765 - 777   2004.6

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    The pyrolysis of brominated flame retardant containing high impact polystyrene (HIPS-Br) mixed with poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) was performed at 430degreesC under atmospheric pressure by a batch operation. The addition of PET to HIPS-Br affected significantly the formation of decomposition products and the degradation behavior of HIPS-Br. We have found the following observations on the addition of PET during the pyrolysis of HIPS-Br: (i) the rate of formation and the yield of liquid products decreased, (ii) the residue and gaseous products formation increased, (iii) the average carbon number (Cnp) of liquid products reduced from 12.5 to 9.1, (iv) the yield of high molecular weight hydrocarbons (C-16-C-20) decreased and the amount of hydrocarbons from C-6 to C-10 doubled, (v) heavy waxy compounds were formed on the top of the glass reactor wall in addition to the solid residue on the bottom of the reactor, (vi) antimony compounds were observed in the solid residue, as opposed to the formation of antimony tribromide (SbBr3) detected in the liquid products of HIPS-Br in the absence of PET. We attempted the debromination of brominated liquid hydrocarbons using iron and calcium based carbon composites for the production of halogen free liquid hydrocarbons, which can be used as a feedstock in a refinery or as a fuel. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

    DOI: 10.1016/j.jaap.2003.10.006

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  • Role of water vapor in oxidative decomposition of calcium sulfide

    SJ Wu, MA Uddin, S Nagamine, E Sasaoka

    FUEL   83 ( 6 )   671 - 677   2004.4

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    CaS formed from the CaO sorbent during desulfurization in coal gasifiers has to be converted to CaSO4 before disposal. CaS is mainly decomposed to CaO and SO2 by O-2 and then CaO is converted to CaSO4 by SO2 and O. The role of H2O in the oxidative decomposition of CaS with O-2 was studied using reagent grade CaS and (H2O)-O-18. The following results were obtained: (1) there is a synergistic effect of H2O and O-2 on the oxidative decomposition of CaS to CaO and SO2; (2) H2O reacts with CaS to form CaO, SO2 and H-2 in the absence of O-2; (3) the oxidative decomposition of CaS to CaO and SO2 Occurs stepwise; (4) H2O directly reacts with CaS in the presence of O-2; (5) H2O plays an important role in the oxidative decomposition of CaS even if the O-2 concentration is high. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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  • Preparation of novel TiP2O7 carbon composite using ion-exchanged resin (C467) and evaluation for photocatalytic decomposition of 2-propanol

    A Muto, K Ida, T Bhaskar, MA Uddin, S Takashima, T Hirai, Y Sakata

    APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL   260 ( 2 )   163 - 168   2004.4

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    TiP2O7 carbon composite photocatalyst was successfully prepared by using ion-exchanged resin (C467) containing amino phosphate by metal ion-exchanged carbothermal reduction (MIER-CTR) method using TiCl3 and TiCl4. During the carbonization process in nitrogen, the pre-oxidation (300-350degreesC) in air is essential for producing homogeneously dispersed TiP2O7 on the carbon matrix. In the absence of pre-oxidation. the resin was melted. The carbonization temperature 500degreesC was found to be suitable for producing single phase TiP2O7 with higher yields. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopic results suggest the formation of TiP2O7, while X-ray diffraction results reveal that the crystallite size was less than 35 nm. UV-Vis studies show that the band gap of TiP2O7 was 3.32 eV. The TiP2O7 carbon composite catalyst was applied for the photocatalytic decomposition of 2-propanol at 30degreesC using a mercury lamp (365 nm). (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

    DOI: 10.1016/j.apcata.2003.10.047

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  • Low-temperature hydrothermal treatment of biomass: Effect of reaction parameters on products and boiling point distributions

    S Karagoz, T Bhaskar, A Muto, Y Sakata, MA Uddin

    ENERGY & FUELS   18 ( 1 )   234 - 241   2004.1

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    Low-temperature hydrothermal treatment of waste biomass (sawdust) was performed using an autoclave at various temperatures of 180, 250, and 280 degreesC for 15 min and 60 min. The oil product was obtained from both liquid and solid portions of reaction products from the autoclave, and the composition of oil products was investigated separately. At high reaction temperature, i.e., 250 degreesC and 280 degreesC, the longer reaction time led to decreased oil yield; at low reaction temperature (180 degreesC), the oil yield was found to increase with the increase of reaction time. The oil1 (extracted from the liquid portion) consists of low-boiling-point compounds, whereas oil2 (extracted from the solid portion) contained both low- and high-boiling-point oxygenated hydrocarbons. Ca(OH)(2) was found to be effective on liquefaction of biomass in terms of both oil yield and composition. The volatility distribution of oxygenated hydrocarbons in oil1 and oil2 was studied by using a C-NP gram which can be used as a tool for characterizing biomass-derived oil products.

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  • Characterization of coal derived oil by NPgram

    Katsuhide Murata, Yusaku Sakata, Md Azhar Uddin

    Nihon Enerugi Gakkaishi/Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy   83 ( 1 )   56 - 63   2004

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    A unique technique to characterize the hydrocarbon fuel oil was developed and called "NPgram", for Normal Paraffin gram. This technique was applied to characterize coal derived oil mostly composed of aromatics. The NPgrams of S, N, Cl, and O-compounds in coal derived oils were shown. The NPgrams of these heterogeneous compounds were obtained by plotting the amount of heterogeneous compounds determined by GC-AED (Atomic Emission Detector) against the carbon number.

    DOI: 10.3775/jie.83.56

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  • Disk-type porous carbon prepared by pressurized carbonization and methane adsorption ability

    Akinori Muto, Shin-ichiro Tsuneishi, Satoru Nishima, Md. Azhar Uddin, Hiroshi Ogasa, Yusaku Sakata

    Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy   2004

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  • Catalytic dechlorination of chloroorganic compounds from PVC-containing mixed plastic-derived oil

    N. Lingaiah, Md. Azhar Uddin, A. Muto, Yusaku Sakata, T. Imai, K. Murata

    Applied Catalysis A: General   207 ( 1-2 )   79 - 84   2001.2

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    The dechlorination of chloroorganic compounds from PVC-containing mixed plastic-derived oil was studied over iron oxide and iron oxide-carbon composite catalysts. The catalysts are characterized by nitrogen adsorption and X-ray diffraction. The catalysts are deactivated initially due to the adsorption of HCl gas that is produced during the reaction. Continuous adsorption of HCl on iron oxide leads to the conversion of iron oxide to iron chloride. The catalysts' deactivation was overcome by removing the reversible adsorbed HCl gas continuously, using He as a carrier gas.

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  • Catalytic dechlorination of chloroorganic compounds from PVC-containing mixed plastic-derived oil

    N. Lingaiah, Md. Azhar Uddin, A. Muto, Yusaku Sakata, T. Imai, K. Murata

    Applied Catalysis A: General   207 ( 1-2 )   79 - 84   2001.2

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    The dechlorination of chloroorganic compounds from PVC-containing mixed plastic-derived oil was studied over iron oxide and iron oxide-carbon composite catalysts. The catalysts are characterized by nitrogen adsorption and X-ray diffraction. The catalysts are deactivated initially due to the adsorption of HCl gas that is produced during the reaction. Continuous adsorption of HCl on iron oxide leads to the conversion of iron oxide to iron chloride. The catalysts' deactivation was overcome by removing the reversible adsorbed HCl gas continuously, using He as a carrier gas.

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  • Vapour phase catalytic hydrodechlorination of chlorobenzene over Ni-carbon composite catalysts

    N. Lingaiah, Md A. Uddin, A. Muto, T. Iwamoto, Yusaku Sakata, Y. Kusano

    Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical   161 ( 1-2 )   157 - 162   2000.11

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    Ni-carbon composite catalysts were prepared by a modified carbothermal reduction method using ion exchange resins. The catalysts were characterised by N2 adsorption, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope. The catalysts activities and selectivities were studied in the hydrodechlorination of chlorobenzene. The catalyst activities depend upon the carbothermal reduction temperature during preparation. These catalysts are found to be more stable and selective in this reaction even in the presence of HCl which is produced during the reaction. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V.

    DOI: 10.1016/S1381-1169(00)00328-9

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  • Composition of nitrogen-containing compounds in oil obtained from acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene thermal degradation

    M Brebu, MA Uddin, A Muto, Y Sakata, C Vasile

    ENERGY & FUELS   14 ( 4 )   920 - 928   2000.7

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    The thermal degradation of the acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS) was carried out at different temperatures from 360 to 440 degrees C in static and dynamic atmospheres of nitrogen, using semibatch operation. Nitrogen-containing compounds were found in all three degradation fractions: gases (as NH3 and HCN), oil, and residue. The percentage of the oil fraction increases with the increase of the degradation temperature. At 440 degrees C 63 wt % of the initial ABS feed was recovered in the oil fraction. The nitrogen (N) concentration of the oil fraction was in the range of 29-40 mg/mL. 4-Phenylbutyronitrile is the main N-containing degradation product (16-19 wt % in oil). N-compounds were also found as aliphatic and aromatic nitriles, amino derivatives, and heterocyclic compounds containing one or two N atoms such as pyridine, pyrimidine, and quinoline. Dynamic atmospheres of nitrogen and the residence time of the products in the reactor affects the oil recovery rate and the distribution of N in the degradation products.

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  • Composition of nitrogen-containing compounds in oil obtained from acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene thermal degradation

    M Brebu, MA Uddin, A Muto, Y Sakata, C Vasile

    ENERGY & FUELS   14 ( 4 )   920 - 928   2000.7

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    The thermal degradation of the acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS) was carried out at different temperatures from 360 to 440 degrees C in static and dynamic atmospheres of nitrogen, using semibatch operation. Nitrogen-containing compounds were found in all three degradation fractions: gases (as NH3 and HCN), oil, and residue. The percentage of the oil fraction increases with the increase of the degradation temperature. At 440 degrees C 63 wt % of the initial ABS feed was recovered in the oil fraction. The nitrogen (N) concentration of the oil fraction was in the range of 29-40 mg/mL. 4-Phenylbutyronitrile is the main N-containing degradation product (16-19 wt % in oil). N-compounds were also found as aliphatic and aromatic nitriles, amino derivatives, and heterocyclic compounds containing one or two N atoms such as pyridine, pyrimidine, and quinoline. Dynamic atmospheres of nitrogen and the residence time of the products in the reactor affects the oil recovery rate and the distribution of N in the degradation products.

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  • Selective catalytic dechlorination of chloro alkanes over iron-based catalysts

    N. Lingaiah, Md. Azhar Uddin, Yoshitaka Shiraga, Hiroyuki Tanikawa, Akinori Muto, Yusaku Sakata, Tomoyuki Imai

    Chemistry Letters   ( 12 )   1321 - 1322   1999

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    A selective vapour phase dehydrochlorination (DHC) of chloro alkanes was achieved over a simple iron oxide catalyst system. The chloro alkanes were selectively dehydrochlorinated to their corresponding alkenes. This catalyst was also found to be effective for the removal of chlorine from fuel oil derived from the degradation of PVC containing waste plastics.

    DOI: 10.1246/cl.1999.1321

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  • Selective catalytic dechlorination of chloro alkanes over iron-based catalysts

    N. Lingaiah, Md. Azhar Uddin, Yoshitaka Shiraga, Hiroyuki Tanikawa, Akinori Muto, Yusaku Sakata, Tomoyuki Imai

    Chemistry Letters   ( 12 )   1321 - 1322   1999

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    A selective vapour phase dehydrochlorination (DHC) of chloro alkanes was achieved over a simple iron oxide catalyst system. The chloro alkanes were selectively dehydrochlorinated to their corresponding alkenes. This catalyst was also found to be effective for the removal of chlorine from fuel oil derived from the degradation of PVC containing waste plastics.

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  • Spontaneous degradation of municipal waste plastics at low temperature during the dechlorination treatment

    Yusaku Sakata, Md Azhar Uddin, Akinori Muto, Masaya Narazaki, Kazuo Koizumi, Katsuhide Murata, Mitsuo Kaji

    Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research   37 ( 7 )   2889 - 2892   1998

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    This work deals with the investigation of the conditions under which a spontaneous degradation municipal waste plastic containing poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) occurs during the dechlorination on an experimental scale by batch operation using a glass reactor, paying particular attention to the gas-solid reaction between the hydrogen chloride deriving from the PVC and the aluminum foil contained in the waste plastics. On the basis of observation of the effect of the rate of heating and the mode of contact between the PVC and aluminum foil on the change in the plastic melted level in the reactor, we were able to reproduce the spontaneous degradation of plastics with the production of a waxlike substance at around 593 K and at atmospheric pressure. The reason for the occurrence of spontaneous reaction was concluded to be the formation of "hot spots" (localized heating) originating from the heat of reaction between HCl generated from PVC and Al foil which eventually triggered the drastic thermal degradation of melted plastics. The possible conditions for the occurrence of the unusual reaction were discussed. © 1998 American Chemical Society.

    DOI: 10.1021/ie9709392

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  • Spontaneous degradation of municipal waste plastics at low temperature during the dechlorination treatment

    Yusaku Sakata, Md Azhar Uddin, Akinori Muto, Masaya Narazaki, Kazuo Koizumi, Katsuhide Murata, Mitsuo Kaji

    Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research   37 ( 7 )   2889 - 2892   1998

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    This work deals with the investigation of the conditions under which a spontaneous degradation municipal waste plastic containing poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) occurs during the dechlorination on an experimental scale by batch operation using a glass reactor, paying particular attention to the gas-solid reaction between the hydrogen chloride deriving from the PVC and the aluminum foil contained in the waste plastics. On the basis of observation of the effect of the rate of heating and the mode of contact between the PVC and aluminum foil on the change in the plastic melted level in the reactor, we were able to reproduce the spontaneous degradation of plastics with the production of a waxlike substance at around 593 K and at atmospheric pressure. The reason for the occurrence of spontaneous reaction was concluded to be the formation of "hot spots" (localized heating) originating from the heat of reaction between HCl generated from PVC and Al foil which eventually triggered the drastic thermal degradation of melted plastics. The possible conditions for the occurrence of the unusual reaction were discussed. © 1998 American Chemical Society.

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  • Catalytic degradation of polyethylene into fuel oil over mesoporous silica (KFS-16) catalyst

    Yusaku Sakata, M. Azhar Uddin, Akinori Muto, Yasufumi Kanada, Kazuo Koizumi, Katsuhide Murata

    Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis   43 ( 1 )   15 - 25   1997

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    The thermal degradation of plastic polymers into fuel oil over mesoporous silica (KFS-16) catalyst has been investigated. The product yields, composition and degradation rate of polyethylene over KFS-16 were compared with those over solid acid catalyst (silica-alumina and zeolite) and non-catalytic thermal degradation. The initial rate of degradation of PE over KFS-16, which possesses no acid sites was as fast as that over silica-alumina (SA-1) and the yield of liquid products was higher. The composition of the liquid products of degradation over KFS-16 was different from that over SA-1 and similar to that of non-catalytic thermal degradation. SA-1 catalyst deactivated very rapidly due to coke deposition, whereas KFS-16 deactivated much more slowly. These findings over mesoporous silica suggest that the mesopores surrounded by the silica sheet may act as a flask for storing radical species for a long time and then long-lived radicals accelerate the degradation of plastics. © 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.

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  • Catalytic degradation of polyethylene into fuel oil over mesoporous silica (KFS-16) catalyst

    Yusaku Sakata, M. Azhar Uddin, Akinori Muto, Yasufumi Kanada, Kazuo Koizumi, Katsuhide Murata

    Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis   43 ( 1 )   15 - 25   1997

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    The thermal degradation of plastic polymers into fuel oil over mesoporous silica (KFS-16) catalyst has been investigated. The product yields, composition and degradation rate of polyethylene over KFS-16 were compared with those over solid acid catalyst (silica-alumina and zeolite) and non-catalytic thermal degradation. The initial rate of degradation of PE over KFS-16, which possesses no acid sites was as fast as that over silica-alumina (SA-1) and the yield of liquid products was higher. The composition of the liquid products of degradation over KFS-16 was different from that over SA-1 and similar to that of non-catalytic thermal degradation. SA-1 catalyst deactivated very rapidly due to coke deposition, whereas KFS-16 deactivated much more slowly. These findings over mesoporous silica suggest that the mesopores surrounded by the silica sheet may act as a flask for storing radical species for a long time and then long-lived radicals accelerate the degradation of plastics. © 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.

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  • Catalytic degradation of polyethylene into fuel oil over mesoporous silica (KFS-16) catalyst

    Yusaku Sakata, M. Azhar Uddin, Akinori Muto, Yasufumi Kanada, Kazuo Koizumi, Katsuhide Murata

    Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis   43 ( 1 )   15 - 25   1997

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    The thermal degradation of plastic polymers into fuel oil over mesoporous silica (KFS-16) catalyst has been investigated. The product yields, composition and degradation rate of polyethylene over KFS-16 were compared with those over solid acid catalyst (silica-alumina and zeolite) and non-catalytic thermal degradation. The initial rate of degradation of PE over KFS-16, which possesses no acid sites was as fast as that over silica-alumina (SA-1) and the yield of liquid products was higher. The composition of the liquid products of degradation over KFS-16 was different from that over SA-1 and similar to that of non-catalytic thermal degradation. SA-1 catalyst deactivated very rapidly due to coke deposition, whereas KFS-16 deactivated much more slowly. These findings over mesoporous silica suggest that the mesopores surrounded by the silica sheet may act as a flask for storing radical species for a long time and then long-lived radicals accelerate the degradation of plastics. © 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.

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  • Catalytic degradation of polyethylene into fuel oil over mesoporous silica (KFS-16) catalyst

    Yusaku Sakata, M. Azhar Uddin, Akinori Muto, Yasufumi Kanada, Kazuo Koizumi, Katsuhide Murata

    Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis   43 ( 1 )   15 - 25   1997

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    The thermal degradation of plastic polymers into fuel oil over mesoporous silica (KFS-16) catalyst has been investigated. The product yields, composition and degradation rate of polyethylene over KFS-16 were compared with those over solid acid catalyst (silica-alumina and zeolite) and non-catalytic thermal degradation. The initial rate of degradation of PE over KFS-16, which possesses no acid sites was as fast as that over silica-alumina (SA-1) and the yield of liquid products was higher. The composition of the liquid products of degradation over KFS-16 was different from that over SA-1 and similar to that of non-catalytic thermal degradation. SA-1 catalyst deactivated very rapidly due to coke deposition, whereas KFS-16 deactivated much more slowly. These findings over mesoporous silica suggest that the mesopores surrounded by the silica sheet may act as a flask for storing radical species for a long time and then long-lived radicals accelerate the degradation of plastics. © 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.

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  • Thermal and catalytic degradation of structurally different types of polyethylene into fuel oil

    Md. Azhar Uddin, Kazuo Koizumi, Katsuhide Murata, Yusaku Sakata

    Polymer Degradation and Stability   56 ( 1 )   37 - 44   1997

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    The degradation of four different types of polyethylene (PE) namely high density PE (HDPE), low density PE (LDPE), linear low density PE (LLDPE), and cross-linked PE (XLPE) was carried out at 430°C by batch operation using silica-alumina as a solid acid catalyst and thermally without any catalyst. For thermal degradation, both HDPE and XLPE produced a significant amount of wax-like compounds and the yields of liquid products (58-63 wt%) were lower than that of LDPE and LLDPE (76-77 wt%). LDPE and LLDPE produced a very small amount of wax-like compounds. Thus the structure of the degrading polymers influenced the product yields. The liquid products from thermal degradation were broadly distributed in the carbon fraction of n-C5 to n-C25 (boiling point range, 36-405°C). With silica-alumina, all of the polyethylenes were converted to liquid products with high yields (77-83 wt%) and without any wax production. The liquid products were distributed in the range of n-C5 to n-C20 (mostly C5-C12). A solid acid catalyst indiscriminately degraded the various types of polyethylene into light fuel oil with an improved rate. © 1997 Elsevier Science Limited. All rights reserved.

    DOI: 10.1016/S0141-3910(96)00191-7

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  • Thermal and catalytic degradation of structurally different types of polyethylene into fuel oil

    Md. Azhar Uddin, Kazuo Koizumi, Katsuhide Murata, Yusaku Sakata

    Polymer Degradation and Stability   56 ( 1 )   37 - 44   1997

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    The degradation of four different types of polyethylene (PE) namely high density PE (HDPE), low density PE (LDPE), linear low density PE (LLDPE), and cross-linked PE (XLPE) was carried out at 430°C by batch operation using silica-alumina as a solid acid catalyst and thermally without any catalyst. For thermal degradation, both HDPE and XLPE produced a significant amount of wax-like compounds and the yields of liquid products (58-63 wt%) were lower than that of LDPE and LLDPE (76-77 wt%). LDPE and LLDPE produced a very small amount of wax-like compounds. Thus the structure of the degrading polymers influenced the product yields. The liquid products from thermal degradation were broadly distributed in the carbon fraction of n-C5 to n-C25 (boiling point range, 36-405°C). With silica-alumina, all of the polyethylenes were converted to liquid products with high yields (77-83 wt%) and without any wax production. The liquid products were distributed in the range of n-C5 to n-C20 (mostly C5-C12). A solid acid catalyst indiscriminately degraded the various types of polyethylene into light fuel oil with an improved rate. © 1997 Elsevier Science Limited. All rights reserved.

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  • Thermal degradation of polyethylene mixed with polv(vinyl chloride) and poly(ethyleneterephthalate)

    Y. Sakata, M. A. Uddin, K. Koizumi, K. Murata

    Polymer Degradation and Stability   53 ( 1 )   111 - 117   1996

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    Thermal degradation of plastics such as polyethylene (PE), poly(vinylchloride) (PVC), poly(ethyleneterephthalate) (PET) and their mixtures (PE + PVC and PE + PET) was studied at 430°C by batch operation to analyse the conversion of waste plastics into fuel oil. A visual inspection of the inside of the reactor was made and the macroscopic process of degradation was monitored. Products of degradation were classified into three groups: gases, liquids and residues in the reactor. The degradation of PE produced liquid products which consisted of C5-C25 fraction of hydrocarbons with a yield of 70 wt%. On the other hand, the degradation of PVC produced only 4.7 wt% liquid products which consisted of C5-C20 fraction of hydrocarbons and the degradation of PET produced no liquid products. The effect of mixing PVC and PET with PE on the yield and compositions of liquid products was investigated. The addition of either PVC or PET to PE decreased the overall liquid products yield
    however, it promoted the degradation of PE into low molecular weight liquid hydrocarbon products. © 1996 Published by Elsevier Science Limited.

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  • Thermal degradation of polyethylene mixed with polv(vinyl chloride) and poly(ethyleneterephthalate)

    Y. Sakata, M. A. Uddin, K. Koizumi, K. Murata

    Polymer Degradation and Stability   53 ( 1 )   111 - 117   1996

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    Thermal degradation of plastics such as polyethylene (PE), poly(vinylchloride) (PVC), poly(ethyleneterephthalate) (PET) and their mixtures (PE + PVC and PE + PET) was studied at 430°C by batch operation to analyse the conversion of waste plastics into fuel oil. A visual inspection of the inside of the reactor was made and the macroscopic process of degradation was monitored. Products of degradation were classified into three groups: gases, liquids and residues in the reactor. The degradation of PE produced liquid products which consisted of C5-C25 fraction of hydrocarbons with a yield of 70 wt%. On the other hand, the degradation of PVC produced only 4.7 wt% liquid products which consisted of C5-C20 fraction of hydrocarbons and the degradation of PET produced no liquid products. The effect of mixing PVC and PET with PE on the yield and compositions of liquid products was investigated. The addition of either PVC or PET to PE decreased the overall liquid products yield
    however, it promoted the degradation of PE into low molecular weight liquid hydrocarbon products. © 1996 Published by Elsevier Science Limited.

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  • Catalytic Activity of ZnS Formed from Desulfurization Sorbent ZnO for Conversion of COS to H2S

    Eiji Sasaoka, Kazuo Taniguchi, Shigeru Hirano, Md. Azhar Uddin, Shigeaki Kasaoka, Yusaku Sakata

    Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research   34 ( 4 )   1102 - 1106   1995.4

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    In order to understand the behavior of COS in the ZnS zone of a packed bed high-temperature desulfurization reactor, the catalytic character of ZnS for the conversion of COS to H2S in the presence of gases which are composed of coal-derived gas was studied. ZnS was active for the catalytic hydrolysis of COS in simulated coal-derived gases
    ZnS was also active for the hydrogenation of COS to H2S, but the activity was considerably lower than that for the hydrolysis of COS. In simulated coal-derived gases, ZnS was also active for the reverse reaction
    H2S was converted to COS over ZnS. The water gas shift reaction did not proceed in parallel with hydrolysis of COS over ZnS. From the results of this work, it is suggested that if the contact time of COS with ZnS was sufficient, the equilibrium of the conversion of COS to H2S was controlled by the following reaction: 2COS + H2 + H2O ↔ 2H2S + CO + CO2. © 1995, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

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  • Catalytic Activity of ZnS Formed from Desulfurization Sorbent ZnO for Conversion of COS to H2S

    Eiji Sasaoka, Kazuo Taniguchi, Shigeru Hirano, Md. Azhar Uddin, Shigeaki Kasaoka, Yusaku Sakata

    Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research   34 ( 4 )   1102 - 1106   1995.4

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    In order to understand the behavior of COS in the ZnS zone of a packed bed high-temperature desulfurization reactor, the catalytic character of ZnS for the conversion of COS to H2S in the presence of gases which are composed of coal-derived gas was studied. ZnS was active for the catalytic hydrolysis of COS in simulated coal-derived gases
    ZnS was also active for the hydrogenation of COS to H2S, but the activity was considerably lower than that for the hydrolysis of COS. In simulated coal-derived gases, ZnS was also active for the reverse reaction
    H2S was converted to COS over ZnS. The water gas shift reaction did not proceed in parallel with hydrolysis of COS over ZnS. From the results of this work, it is suggested that if the contact time of COS with ZnS was sufficient, the equilibrium of the conversion of COS to H2S was controlled by the following reaction: 2COS + H2 + H2O ↔ 2H2S + CO + CO2. © 1995, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

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  • Selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide with ammonia on MFI-type ferrisilicate

    Azhar Uddin, Takayuki Komatsu, Tatsuaki Yashima

    Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions   91 ( 18 )   3275 - 3279   1995

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    The catalytic properties of framework Fe3+ in MFI-type H-ferrisilicate for the selective reduction of nitric oxide with ammonia in the presence of oxygen have been investigated and compared with those of Fe-exchanged ZSM-5, iron oxide supported on silicalite and HZSM-5. H-ferrisilicate exhibited a high activity and selectivity for the reduction of nitric oxide into nitrogen. A side reaction, i.e. the oxidation of ammonia with oxygen into nitrogen, occurred only above 773 K. The activity and selectivity of Fe-exchanged ZSM-5 for the reduction of nitric oxide were comparable to those of H-ferrisilicate, while iron oxide supported on silicalite catalysed the oxidation of ammonia with oxygen into nitric oxide preferentially under the same reaction conditions. The catalytic activity of HZSM-5 for this reaction was much lower than that of H-ferrisilicate. Therefore, the framework Fe3+ ions in H-ferrisilicate are the active sites for the selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide.

    DOI: 10.1039/FT9959103275

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  • Soot Formation over Zinc Ferrite High-Temperature Desulfurization Sorbent

    Eiji Sasaoka, Yukimasa Iwamoto, Shigeru Hirano, Md. Azhar Uddin, Yusaku Sakata

    Energy and Fuels   9 ( 2 )   344 - 353   1995

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    Language:English  

    Soot formation over zinc ferrite high-temperature desulfurization sorbents was examined. When active zinc ferrites were used in simulated coal-derived gases for fuel cells, a large amount of soot was formed over the ferrites. This soot formation decreased with the increase of reaction temperature. This soot formation was inhibited by H2O and CO2 and accelerated by H2 and CO. These dependencies of the rate of soot formation on the concentration of H2O, CO2, H2, and CO can be expressed by six experimental equations. Carbides (Fe3C- and Fe3C-like compound, FexC) were found in the sample over which soot was formed. Fibrous ZnO was formed over the surface of the sample when the sample ZnFe2O4 was converted to carbides (Fe3C and FexC). It is thought that the carbides and the soot were produced via a surface active carbon. © 1995, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

    DOI: 10.1021/ef00050a020

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  • Selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide with ammonia on MFI-type ferrisilicate

    Azhar Uddin, Takayuki Komatsu, Tatsuaki Yashima

    Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions   91 ( 18 )   3275 - 3279   1995

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    Language:English  

    The catalytic properties of framework Fe3+ in MFI-type H-ferrisilicate for the selective reduction of nitric oxide with ammonia in the presence of oxygen have been investigated and compared with those of Fe-exchanged ZSM-5, iron oxide supported on silicalite and HZSM-5. H-ferrisilicate exhibited a high activity and selectivity for the reduction of nitric oxide into nitrogen. A side reaction, i.e. the oxidation of ammonia with oxygen into nitrogen, occurred only above 773 K. The activity and selectivity of Fe-exchanged ZSM-5 for the reduction of nitric oxide were comparable to those of H-ferrisilicate, while iron oxide supported on silicalite catalysed the oxidation of ammonia with oxygen into nitric oxide preferentially under the same reaction conditions. The catalytic activity of HZSM-5 for this reaction was much lower than that of H-ferrisilicate. Therefore, the framework Fe3+ ions in H-ferrisilicate are the active sites for the selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide.

    DOI: 10.1039/FT9959103275

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  • Soot Formation over Zinc Ferrite High-Temperature Desulfurization Sorbent

    Eiji Sasaoka, Yukimasa Iwamoto, Shigeru Hirano, Md. Azhar Uddin, Yusaku Sakata

    Energy and Fuels   9 ( 2 )   344 - 353   1995

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    Language:English  

    Soot formation over zinc ferrite high-temperature desulfurization sorbents was examined. When active zinc ferrites were used in simulated coal-derived gases for fuel cells, a large amount of soot was formed over the ferrites. This soot formation decreased with the increase of reaction temperature. This soot formation was inhibited by H2O and CO2 and accelerated by H2 and CO. These dependencies of the rate of soot formation on the concentration of H2O, CO2, H2, and CO can be expressed by six experimental equations. Carbides (Fe3C- and Fe3C-like compound, FexC) were found in the sample over which soot was formed. Fibrous ZnO was formed over the surface of the sample when the sample ZnFe2O4 was converted to carbides (Fe3C and FexC). It is thought that the carbides and the soot were produced via a surface active carbon. © 1995, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

    DOI: 10.1021/ef00050a020

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  • Catalytic activity of framework iron in MFI-type ferrisilicate for the oxidation of carbon monoxide

    Md.Azhar Uddin, Takayuki Komatsu, Tatsuaki Yashima

    Microporous Materials   1 ( 3 )   201 - 205   1993

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    Language:English  

    The catalytic activity of framework iron in MFI-type ferrisilicate was studied. The incorporation of Fe3+ ions in the tetrahedral framework of MFI-type ferrisilicate was investigated by means of Mössbauer spectroscopy. The derived Mössbauer parameter at room temperature clearly indicated the presence of Fe3+ ions in tetrahedral lattice sites. The catalytic activity of ferrisilicate was tested for the oxidation of CO with O2 at 673 K and was compared with the activities of iron-oxide-impregnated silicalite (FeOx/Sil) and Fe ion-exchanged ZSM-5 (FeZSM-5). The CO oxidation activity of the tetrahedrally coordinated Fe3+ in ferrisilicate was much lower than that of octahedrally coordinated Fe3+ in FeOx/Sil and Fe3+ in ion-exchange sites of FeZSM-5. Kinetic studies were performed on these catalysts at 623 K. On ferrisilicate, the reaction orders for CO and O2 were 1.0 and 1.1, respectively, while on FeOx and FeZSM-5 the reaction orders were 1.3 and 1.2 for CO, respectively, and near zero for O2 in both cases. For CO oxidation, both the activity and reaction mechanism on ferrisilicate differed markedly from those on FeOx/Sil and FeZSM-5. © 1993.

    DOI: 10.1016/0927-6513(93)80078-9

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  • Catalytic activity of framework iron in MFI-type ferrisilicate for the oxidation of carbon monoxide

    Md.Azhar Uddin, Takayuki Komatsu, Tatsuaki Yashima

    Microporous Materials   1 ( 3 )   201 - 205   1993

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    Language:English  

    The catalytic activity of framework iron in MFI-type ferrisilicate was studied. The incorporation of Fe3+ ions in the tetrahedral framework of MFI-type ferrisilicate was investigated by means of Mössbauer spectroscopy. The derived Mössbauer parameter at room temperature clearly indicated the presence of Fe3+ ions in tetrahedral lattice sites. The catalytic activity of ferrisilicate was tested for the oxidation of CO with O2 at 673 K and was compared with the activities of iron-oxide-impregnated silicalite (FeOx/Sil) and Fe ion-exchanged ZSM-5 (FeZSM-5). The CO oxidation activity of the tetrahedrally coordinated Fe3+ in ferrisilicate was much lower than that of octahedrally coordinated Fe3+ in FeOx/Sil and Fe3+ in ion-exchange sites of FeZSM-5. Kinetic studies were performed on these catalysts at 623 K. On ferrisilicate, the reaction orders for CO and O2 were 1.0 and 1.1, respectively, while on FeOx and FeZSM-5 the reaction orders were 1.3 and 1.2 for CO, respectively, and near zero for O2 in both cases. For CO oxidation, both the activity and reaction mechanism on ferrisilicate differed markedly from those on FeOx/Sil and FeZSM-5. © 1993.

    DOI: 10.1016/0927-6513(93)80078-9

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Presentations

  • Catalytic pyrolysis of plastic polymer waste into fuel Invited

    Md. Azhar Uddin

    Australian Combustion Symposium 2023  2023.11.27 

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    Event date: 2023.11.26 - 2023.11.29

    Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (invited, special)  

    File: ACS2023_Paper_Azhar Uddin1.pdf

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  • Development of silver-polydopamine complex immobilized filter with salt removal function

    Higashitani Towa, Uddin Md. Azhar, Fukuda Nobuko

    The 72nd Polymer Symposium  2023.9.28 

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    Event date: 2023.9.26 - 2023.9.28

    Language:Japanese  

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  • Removal of metallic mercury from coal gasification gas and coal combustion gas using metal compounds

    Adachi Kohei, Uddin Md. Azhar, Fukuda Nobuko, Kato Yoshiei

    化学工学会第54回秋季大会  2023.9.11 

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    Event date: 2023.9.11 - 2023.9.13

    Language:Japanese   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

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  • Low Temperature Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx with NH3 over TiO2 Prepared by Template Method

    Fifth Tokyo Conference on Advanced Catalytic Science and Technology(TOCAT5)  2006 

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  • Mercury vapor capture from coal derived flue gas in th epresence of hydrogen chloride over iron oxide sorbents

    23rd Annual International Pittsburgh Coal Conference  2006 

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  • Effect of hydrogen chloride in coal combustion flue gas on the mercury removal performance of activated carbon from coal combustion flue gas

    23rd Annual International Pittsburgh Coal Conference  2006 

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  • Relation between sulfurization behavior and mercury vapor capture performance of iron oxide in cola derived flue gas

    22nd Annual International Pittsburgh Coal Conference  2005 

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  • Effects of H2S and SO2 in the simulated coal combustion flue gas for mercury vapor removal over activated carbons

    22nd Annual International Pittsburgh Coal Conference  2005 

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Awards

  • Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management Best Paper Award 2016

    2016   Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management   Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management Best Paper Award 2016: Gas production by steam gasification of polypropylene/biomass waste composites in a dual-bed reacto

    Elena Parparita, Uddin Md.Azhar, Taichi Watanabe, Yoshiei Kato, Jale Yanik, Comelia Vasile

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  • Award for Outstanding Presentation, Pittsburgh Coal Conference

    2005  

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  • Award for Outstanding Presentation, Pittsburgh Coal Conference

    2005  

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Research Projects

  • Development of solid sorbents for the removal of elemental mercury from combustion f lue gases

    Grant number:1 9 K 1 2 3 8   2019.04 - 2022.03

    Japan Society for The Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

    UDDIN MD. AZHAR

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    Authorship:Principal investigator  Grant type:Competitive

    Grant amount:\4030000 ( Direct expense: \3100000 、 Indirect expense:\930000 )

 

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Academic Activities

  • Pacifichem 2021 The 2020 International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies (Pacifichem 2020), International contribution

    Role(s):Panel moderator, session chair, etc.

    Panel moderator/session chair  2020.1.1 - 2021.12.31

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    Type:Competition, symposium, etc. 

  • 化学工学会 反応工学触媒部会 International contribution

    反応工学触媒部会 幹事  2019.4.1

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    Type:Academic society, research group, etc.