Faculty Profiles - UCHIDA Tetsuya

Papers - UCHIDA Tetsuya

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Preparation of poly(ester-imide) ribbons comprised of helical and non-helical blocks by copolymerization Reviewed

T. Ohnishi, T. Uchida, S. Yamazaki, K. Kimura

RSC ADVANCES 6 ( 104 ) 101995 - 102002 2016

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY

Helical ribbons of poly[4-(5-oxy-1,3-dioxoisoindoline-2-yl) benzoyl] (PODB) were previously prepared by the homo-polymerization of N-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4-acetoxyphthalimide (CAP) in aromatic solvents. The copolymerization of CAP and p-acetoxybenzoic acid (ABA) was examined to change the helical morphology. The helical morphology was extinguished by the copolymerization of a small amount of ABA at 280 degrees C at a concentration of 1.0% in aromatic solvent. Based on these results, ABA was added stepwise during the homo-polymerization of CAP. When a small amount of ABA was added, copolymer crystals comprised of helical and non-helical blocks were formed. The non-helical blocks grew on the PODB helical ribbons by the precipitation of co-oligomers. This result provides a novel method to control helical morphology by copolymerization.

DOI： 10.1039/c6ra22494f

Consideration on formation mechanism of aromatic polyamide hollow spheres prepared by reaction-Induced phase separation Reviewed

Hirofumi Nakayama, Yuji Fujitsu, Tetsuya Uchida, Shinichi Yamazaki, Kunio Kimura

JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY 53 ( 17 ) 1966 - 1974 2015.9

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL

Hollow spheres of poly(1,4-phenylene-5-hydroxyisophthalamide) had been obtained by the reaction-induced phase separation during polymerization of 5-hydroxyisophthalic acid and 1,4-phenylene diamine in an aromatic solvent. In this study, formation mechanism of the hollow spheres was considered from the view points of eliminated small molecules, polymer structure, and cross-linking reaction. With respect to the eliminated small molecules, water was the most desirable to form gas-bubbles in droplets compared with methanol and acetic acid, due to the insolubility into the polymerization system. Rigid polymer structure was also needed to prepare hollow spheres owing to the rapid solidification of droplets. Further, phenolic hydroxyl group in 5-hydroxy-1,3-phenylene moiety caused the ester-amide exchange reaction to form cross-linked skin layer in the droplets. The efficient formation of the skin layer was important to encapsulate gas-bubbles in the droplets, resulting in the formation of hollow structure. (c) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 1966-1974

DOI： 10.1002/pola.27683

Vision maintenance and retinal apoptosis reduction in RCS rats with Okayama University-type retinal prosthesis (OUReP (TM)) implantation Reviewed

Alamusi, Toshihiko Matsuo, Osamu Hosoya, Kimiko M. Tsutsui, Tetsuya Uchida

JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL ORGANS 18 ( 3 ) 264 - 271 2015.9

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：SPRINGER JAPAN KK

Photoelectric dye-coupled polyethylene film, designated Okayama University-type retinal prosthesis or OUReP (TM), generates light-evoked surface electric potentials and stimulates neurons. In this study, the vision was assessed by behavior tests in aged hereditary retinal dystrophic RCS rats with OUReP (TM), retinal apoptosis and electroretinographic responses were measured in dystrophic eyes with OUReP (TM). The dye-coupled films, or plain films as a control, were implanted in subretinal space of RCS rats. On behavior tests, RCS rats with dye-coupled films, implanted at the old age of 14 weeks, showed the larger number of head-turning, consistent with clockwise and anticlockwise rotation of a surrounding black-and-white-striped drum, compared with rats with plain films, under the dim (50 lux) and bright (150 lux) conditions in the observation period until the age of 22 weeks (n = 5, P < 0.05, repeated-measure ANOVA). The number of apoptotic cells in retinal sections at the site of dye-coupled film implantation was significantly smaller, compared with the other retinal sites, neighboring the film, or opposite to the film, 5 months after film implantation at the age of 6 weeks (P = 0.0021, Friedman test). The dystrophic eyes of RCS rats with dye-coupled films showed positive responses to maximal light stimulus at a significantly higher rate, compared with the eyes with no treatment (P < 0.05, Chi-square test). Electroretinograms in normal eyes of Wistar rats with dye-coupled or plain films showed significantly decreased amplitudes (n = 14, P < 0.05, repeated-measure ANOVA). In conclusions, vision was maintained in RCS rats with dye-coupled films implanted at the old age. The dystrophic eyes with dye-coupled films showed electroretinographic responses. Five-month film implantation caused no additional retinal changes.

DOI： 10.1007/s10047-015-0825-1

Synthesis and Light-Induced Surface Potential Observation of Retinal Prosthesis Using Polyethylene Thin Films Immobilized with Photoelectric Dyes Reviewed

Tetsuya Uchida, Makoto Nitta, Syoko Kanashima

JOURNAL OF PHOTOPOLYMER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 28 ( 2 ) 261 - 267 2015

Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：TECHNICAL ASSOC PHOTOPOLYMERS,JAPAN

Photoelectric dyes that absorb light and convert photon energy to electric potential have previously been shown to stimulate retinal neurons in cultures. As such, we have designed a new type of retinal prosthesis using polyethylene films coupled with photoelectric dye molecules. In this study, the electric potentials on the film were observed using a scanning Kelvin probe microscope under light and dark conditions. As a result, electric potentials were observed on the film, which were dependent on light intensity and wavelength. Furthermore, the electric potentials showed a rapid on off response to light.

DOI： 10.2494/photopolymer.28.261

Development of a Novel Preparation Method for Highly Porous Heat-Resistant Rigid Polymer Network Films and Evaluation of their Properties Reviewed

Tetsuya Uchida, Ryo Ikeda, Tomoaki Suzuki, Ryotaro Nakayama

JOURNAL OF PHOTOPOLYMER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 28 ( 2 ) 163 - 167 2015

Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：TECHNICAL ASSOC PHOTOPOLYMERS,JAPAN

A rigid polymer network of poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) (PBO) has excellent mechanical properties and thermal stability. Many nano voids exist within the network. However, a PBO network cannot be formed into films or fibers. Generally, PBO networks are prepared by one-step polycondensation in polyphosphoric acid. In this study, we have prepared a PBO network by a two-step method involving polymerization of a PBO network precursor (pre-PBO network) in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone followed by thermal cyclization. Heat-resistant porous PBO network films have been successfully obtained by this two-step method. The properties of the PBO network films have been evaluated.

DOI： 10.2494/photopolymer.28.163

Glass transition temperature of dried lens tissue pretreated with trehalose, maltose, or cyclic tetrasaccharide Reviewed

Tetsuhiro Kawata, Toshihiko Matsuo, Tetsuya Uchida

SPRINGERPLUS 3 2014.6

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG

Purpose: Glass transition temperature is a main indicator for amorphous polymers and biological macromolecules as materials, and would be a key for understanding the role of trehalose in protecting proteins and cells against desiccation. In this study, we measured the glass transition temperature by differential scanning calorimetry of dried lens tissues as a model of a whole biological tissue to know the effect of pretreatment by trehalose and other sugars.Methods: Isolated porcine lenses were incubated with saline, 100 or 1000 mM concentration of trehalose, maltose, or cyclic tetrasaccharide dissolved in saline at room temperature for 150 minutes. The solutions were removed and all samples were dried at room temperature in a desiccator until no weight change. The dried tissues were ground into powder and placed in a measuring pan for differential scanning calorimetry.Results: The glass transition temperature of the dried lens tissues, as a mean and standard deviation, was 63.0 +/- 6.4 degrees C (n = 3) with saline pretreatment; 53.0 +/- 0.8 degrees C and 56.3 +/- 2.7 degrees C (n = 3), respectively, with 100 and 1000 mM trehalose pretreatment; 56.0 +/- 1.6 degrees C and 55.8 +/- 1.1 degrees C (n = 3), respectively, with 100 and 1000 mM maltose pretreatment; 60.0 +/- 8.8 degrees C and 59.2 +/- 6.3 degrees C (n = 3), respectively, with 100 and 1000 mM cyclic tetrasaccharide pretreatment. The glass transition temperature appeared lower, although not significantly, with trehalose and maltose pretreatments than with saline and cyclic tetrasaccharide pretreatments (P > 0.05, Kruskal-Wallis test). The glass transition temperature of the dried lens tissues with trehalose pretreatment appeared more noticeable on the thermogram, compared with other pretreatments.Conclusions: The glass transition temperature was measured for the first time in the dried lens tissues as an example of a whole biological tissue and might provide a basis for tissue preservation in the dried condition.

DOI： 10.1186/2193-1801-3-317

Vision recovery and retinal apoptosis reduction in RCS rats with Okayama University-type retinal prosthesis Reviewed

Bai Alamusi, Toshihiko Matsuo, Osamu Hosoya, Kimiko M. Tsutsui, Tetsuya Uchida

INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE 55 ( 13 ) 2014.4

Preparation and Properties of Rigid PBO Polymer Nanofibers Prepared via Crystallization From a Dilute Solution in Sulfuric Acid Reviewed

Tetsuya Uchida, Masashi Furukawa

JOURNAL OF PHOTOPOLYMER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 27 ( 2 ) 177 - 180 2014

Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：TECHNICAL ASSOC PHOTOPOLYMERS,JAPAN

Poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) (PBO) has excellent thermal stability and mechanical properties because of its rod-like rigid structure. Preparing nanofibers of PBO using ordinary methods is difficult (e.g., electrospinning) because PBO is not soluble in organic solvents. Herein, we report the preparation of PBO nanofibers with an average diameter of approximately 50 nm via crystallization from a dilute solution in sulfuric acid. In addition, a PBO nanofiber mat was prepared that exhibited extremely high thermal stability and high thermal diffusivity, etc.

DOI： 10.2494/photopolymer.27.177

Behavior tests and immunohistochemical retinal response analyses in RCS rats with subretinal implantation of Okayama-University-type retinal prosthesis Reviewed

Alamusi, Toshihiko Matsuo, Osamu Hosoya, Kimiko M. Tsutsui, Tetsuya Uchida

JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL ORGANS 16 ( 3 ) 343 - 351 2013.9

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：SPRINGER JAPAN KK

We have developed a photoelectric dye-coupled polyethylene film as a prototype of retinal prosthesis, which we named Okayama University-type retinal prosthesis. The purposes of this study are to conduct behavior tests to assess vision in Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats that underwent subretinal implantation of the dye-coupled film and to reveal retinal response to the dye-coupled film by immunohistochemistry. Polyethylene films were made of polyethylene powder at refined purity, and photoelectric dyes were coupled to the film surface at higher density compared with the prototype. Either dye-coupled film or dye-uncoupled plain film used as a control was implanted subretinally from a scleral incision in both eyes of an RCS rat at 6 weeks of the age. Behavior tests 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after implantation were conducted by observing head turning or body turning in the direction consistent with clockwise or counterclockwise rotation of a black-and-white-striped drum around a transparent cage housed with the rat. After the behavior tests at 8 weeks, rats' eyes were enucleated to confirm subretinal implantation of the films and processed for immunohistochemistry. In the behavior tests, the number of head turnings consistent with the direction of the drum rotation was significantly larger in RCS rats with dye-coupled- compared with plain-film implantation [P < 0.05, repeated-measure analysis of variance (ANOVA), n = 7]. The number of apoptotic neurons was significantly smaller in eyes with dye-coupled- compared with plain-film implantation (P < 0.05, Mann-Whitney U test, n = 6). In conclusion, subretinal implantation of photoelectric dye-coupled films restored vision in RCS rats and prevented the remaining retinal neurons from apoptosis.

DOI： 10.1007/s10047-013-0697-1

Synthesis and morphology control of self-condensable naphthalene-containing polyimide by using reaction-induced crystallization Reviewed

Takashi Sawai, Kanji Wakabayashi, Shinichi Yamazaki, Tetsuya Uchida, Yoshimitsu Sakaguchi, Ryouhei Yamane, Kunio Kimura

EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL 49 ( 8 ) 2334 - 2343 2013.8

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD

Poly(2,6-1H-benzo[f]isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione) (PBID), which was a self-condensable naphthalene-containing polyimide, was synthesized as precipitated crystals from 6-amino-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2-naphthoic acid and 7-amino-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2-naphthoic acid by using reaction-induced crystallization during solution polymerization. The obtained PBID crystals possessed high crystallinity, excellent thermal stability and chemical resistance. They neither exhibited Tg nor Tm under the decomposition temperature. The morphology of the PBID crystals depended on not only the polymerization conditions but also the isomeric structure of the monomer, and the wide variety of the morphology appeared such as rods, plates and lathes. The plate-like crystals had fine protuberances on the surface. Copolymerization of PBID and poly(4-phthalimide) were also examined. (c) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.05.021

Morphological Diversity and Nanofiber Networks of Poly(p-oxybenzoyl) Generated by Phase Separation During Copolymerization Reviewed

Toshimitsu Ichimori, Kenta Mizuma, Tetsuya Uchida, Shinichi Yamazaki, Kunio Kimura

JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE 128 ( 2 ) 1282 - 1290 2013.4

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL

Poly(p-oxybenzoyl) (POB) precipitates prepared by reaction-induced phase separation during copolymerization exhibit wide variety of morphologies such as fibril, needle, slab, spindle, and sphere. The morphology is significantly influenced by the copolymerization conditions of structure of trifunctional comonomers, copolymerization ratio, solvent, concentration, and temperature of the polymerization. Among them, POB nanofiber networks like a texture of nonwoven fabrics are obtained only by the polymerization of 4-acetoxybenzoic acid with 3,5-diacetoxybenzoic acid (DABA) in aromatic solvent at a concentration of 1.0-2.0% at the content of DABA in feed of 10-20 mol % at 320 degrees C. The network is comprised of fibrillar crystals connected each other at spherical nodal points. The diameters of the fibers are 90-129 nm. This network is highly crystalline and the molecules are aligned along the long direction of the fibers. Various parameters characterized the networks can be controlled by the polymerization concentration. (C) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 128: 1282-1290, 2013

DOI： 10.1002/app.38554

Hollow Spheres of Aromatic Polyamide Prepared by Reaction-Induced Phase Separation Reviewed

Yuji Fujitsu, Hirofumi Nakayama, Tetsuya Uchida, Shinichi Yamazaki, Kunio Kimura

JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY 51 ( 4 ) 780 - 785 2013.2

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY

Hollow spheres of aromatic polyamide are obtained by the reaction-induced phase separation during polymerization of 5-hydroxyisophthalic acid and 1,4-phenylene diamine in an aromatic solvent at a concentration of 1-2% at 320 degrees C without stirring. The hollow sphere has a dimple hole and the diameters of the hollow spheres are 3-4 mu m. The droplets are initially generated via liquid-liquid phase separation and then rigid crosslinked network structure formed the rigid skin layer on the surface of the droplets. The solidification of the droplets occurred owing to the further polymerization in them with maintaining the morphology to form the hollow spheres. The hollow spheres exhibit outstanding thermal stability. (C) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 780-785

DOI： 10.1002/pola.26467

Photosensitized hydrogen evolution from water using single-walled carbon nanotube/fullerodendron/Pt(II) coaxial nanohybrids Reviewed

Yukari Sasada, Tomoyuki Tajima, Takaaki Wada, Tetsuya Uchida, Masayasu Nishi, Takahiro Ohkubo, Yutaka Takaguchi

NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 37 ( 12 ) 4214 - 4219 2013

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY

Direct incorporation of a Pt(II) complex into the shell of SWCNT/fullerodendron coaxial nanohybrids produces a new coaxial nanowire, SWCNT/fullerodendron/Pt(II), that shows efficient photocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution from water (Phi = 0.16 upon irradiation at 450 +/- 5 nm) without any aid of electron relay such as methyl viologen.

DOI： 10.1039/c3nj00790a

Preparation of Novel Naphthalene Polyimide and Its Morphology Reviewed

Takashi Sawai, Tetsuya Uchida, Shinichi Yamazaki, Kunio Kimura

JOURNAL OF PHOTOPOLYMER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 26 ( 3 ) 341 - 344 2013

Morphosynthesis of poly(ether ketone) by reaction-induced crystallization during polymerization Reviewed

Kanji Wakabayashi, Naofumi Sumi, Shinichi Yamazaki, Tetsuya Uchida, Kunio Kimura

EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL 48 ( 10 ) 1787 - 1795 2012.10

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD

Morphology control of poly(ether ketone) (PEK) was examined by using the crystallization during the nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction of potassium salt of 4-fluoro-4'-hydroxybenzophenone. Polymerizations were carried out at 290 degrees C. The PEK was obtained as precipitates and its morphology was highly influenced by the polymerization condition such as the solvent, the concentration and the polymerization time. High crystalline spindle-like crystals were obtained by the polymerization in diphenyl sulfone (DPS) at a concentration of 5.0% for 2 h with the yield of 86%. The average length and width were 1.4 mu m and 300 nm respectively, and the maximum thickness was 130 nm. The surface was not smooth and it was hilly. The spindle-like crystal was likely consisted of multilayered lamellae comprised of the microcrystallites. The molecules were oriented perpendicular to the lamella. The polymerization in DPS at a higher concentration of 10.0% afforded the networks of nanofibres, of which the diameter was 100-250 nm. The obtained PEK precipitates possessed excellent thermal properties. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2012.07.004

Morphosynthesis of poly[4-(1,4-phenylene)oxyphthalimide] and copolymers prepared by reaction-induced crystallization during polymerization Reviewed

Takashi Sawai, Kanji Wakabayashi, Shinichi Yamazaki, Tetsuya Uchida, Kunio Kimura

JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS 50 ( 18 ) 1293 - 1303 2012.9

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY

Morphosynthesis of poly[4-(1,4-phenylene)oxyphthalimide] (POPI) and poly[4-(1,4-phenylene)oxyphthalimide-co-4-phthalimide] (POPI-PPI) was examined by using the crystallization during the polymerization. The POPI fibrillar crystals were obtained as precipitates with the formation of spherical aggregates of plate-like crystals. Some of the POPI fibrillar crystals were longer than 15 mu m. They possessed high crystallinity and the molecules aligned perpendicular to the long direction of the fibers. On the other hand, one-dimensional structures of POPI-PPI such as ribbon, cone, rod, and fiber were obtained as precipitates by the copolymerization. The copolymer molecules might align along the long direction of the cone-like crystals. The morphology of these poly(ether-imide)s could be controlled by not only the polymerization condition but also with the aid of copolymerization. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2012

DOI： 10.1002/polb.23122

Polymer/carbon nanotube composites: challenges and opportunities. Reviewed

H.G.Chae, X.Zhang, B.L.Min, T.Lu, T.V.Sreekumar, T.Uchida, S.Kumar

Advances in Composite Materials 2 19 - 29 2012

Morphology Control of Various Aromatic Polyimidazoles-Preparation of Nanofibers Reviewed

Jin Gong, Tetsuya Uchida, Shinichi Yamazaki, Kunio Kimura

JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE 121 ( 5 ) 2851 - 2860 2011.9

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY

Morphology of four kinds of aromatic polyimidazoles was examined by using reaction-induced crystallization during solution polymerization at a concentration of 1% at 350 degrees C in liquid paraffin (LPF), dibenzyltoluene (DBT), and the mixture of these solvents. Aggregates of ribbon-like crystals of poly[2,6-(2,6-naphthalene)-benzobisimidazole] were obtained in LPF, and those of plate-like crystals were obtained in DBT/LPF-50 and in DBT. In contrast to this, the network structures of poly[2,2'-(2,6-naphthalene)-5,5'-bibenzimidazole)] (PNT-BBI) nanofibers with the diameter of 25 to 90 nm was mainly obtained in DBT. The network structures of the PNT-BBI nanofibers could be recognized as nonwoven fabrics of the high-performance polymers. Imidazole trimers were precipitated to form the ribbon-like crystals and then they were continuously supplied from solution to grow the crystals. Molecular weight increased by the polymerization on the surface of the crystals when they crystallized and in the crystals. The initially formed aggregates of ribbon-like crystals changed to the nanofibers with time. In the case of poly[2,6-(4,4'-biphenylene)-benzobisimidazole] and poly[2,2'-(4,4'-biphenylene)-5,5'-bibenzimidazole)], they exhibited various morphologies such as spheres, lath-like crystals, and the spherical aggregates of lath-like crystals depending on the solvent, but fibers like PNT-BBI were not formed. The crystals obtained in this study possessed very high crystallinity and the outstanding thermal stability measured by TGA. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 121: 2851-2860, 2011

DOI： 10.1002/app.33914

Electron Microscope Observation and Structure Control of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Bundles, Single Crystals and Composite Fibers

Tetsuya Uchida, Naoya Tsugawa, Takuya Akaishi

SEN-I GAKKAISHI 67 ( 5 ) P132 - P135 2011.5

Micro-flowers of poly(p-phenylene pyromelliteimide) crystals Reviewed

Kanji Wakabayashi, Tetsuya Uchida, Shinichi Yamazaki, Kunio Kimura

POLYMER 52 ( 3 ) 837 - 843 2011.2

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER SCI LTD

Morphology control of poly(p-phenylene pyromelliteimide) (PPPI) crystals was examined using reaction-induced crystallization of oligomers during solution polymerization of self-polymerizable N-(4'-aminophenyl)-3-carboxyl-4-alkoxycarbonylPhthalimide. Micro-flowers of the PPP1 needle-like crystals were formed in which the needle-like crystals grew radially from the center part as petals. The molecules aligned regularly along the long axis of the needle-like crystal. The structure of alkoxy group in the monomer and the monomer concentration influenced the size of the needle-like crystals, and their average length and width were changeable from 640 nm to 1.69 mu m and from 110 nm to 210 nm, respectively. The average thickness was 20 nm. The obtained micro-flowers possessed high crystallinity and exhibited excellent thermal stability. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.12.022

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