担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.energy.2021.120173

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Elsevier Ltd  

The main objective of the study was to improve the fuel properties, performance and reduce the level of hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) when running with water in diesel emulsion fuel (W/D) by adding various nano-additives. Aluminium Oxide (Al2O3), Copper(II) Oxide (CuO), Magnesium Oxide (MgO), Manganese(IV) Oxide (MnO) and Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nano-additives were selected for W/D with 10% water (E10). Each nano-additive was added to E10 at a dosage of 50 ppm and further denoted as nano-additive emulsion fuel: E10Al2O3, E10CuO, E10MgO, E10MnO and E10ZnO. The properties (density, viscosity, water droplet size, stability period and oxidative thermokinetics), performance (torque, brake power, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), and emission (nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter (PM), carbon dioxide (CO2), CO and HC) of each test fuel were investigated. Overall, nano-additives tended to increase density, viscosity, water droplet size and oxidative thermokinetics but decrease the stability period. The nano-additives resulted in a marginal increase of performance with the E10Al2O3 yielding the highest reduction in BSFC. The nano-additives also lowered the brake specific CO (BSCO) emissions compared to Euro 2 standard diesel (D2) by up to 17% with E10ZnO. Nano-additives produced from different metals impact the fuel properties, performance and emissions differently. Al2O3 is nominated as the best nano-additive due to the smallest water droplet size, highest DTGmax and its consistency in increasing the torque and reducing the BSFC, brake specific NOx (BSNOx), BSCO compared to other nano-additives. That is to say, nano-additives coupled with a W/D has the potential to reduce BSFC and BSCO simultaneously.

DOI： 10.1016/j.enconman.2018.05.070

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

Emulsion fuel is one of the alternative fuels for diesel engines which are well-known for simultaneous reduction of Particulate Matter (PM) and Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) emissions. However lack of studies have been conducted to investigate the effect of emulsion fuel usage for long run. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of lubricant oil in diesel engine that operated using emulsion fuels for 200 h in comparison with Malaysian conventional diesel fuel (D2). Two emulsion fuels were used in the experiment comprising of water, low grade diesel fuel and surfactant; with ratio of 10:89:1 v/v% (E10) and 20:79:1 v/v% (E20). Engine tests were focused on fuel consumption, NO., PM, Carbon Monoxide (CO), Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Oxygen (O-2) and exhaust temperature. Parameters for the lubricant oil analysis measured were included kinematic viscosity, Total Acid Number (TAN), ash, water content, flash point, soot, wear metals and additive elements. The findings showed the fuel consumption were up to 33.33% (including water) and lower 9.57% (without water) using emulsion. The NOx, and PM were reduced by 51% and 14% respectively by using emulsion fuel. Kinematic viscosity, TAN, ash, water content, flash point and soot for emulsion fuel were observed to be better or no changes in comparison to D2. The emulsion fuel did not cause any excessive amount of metals or degraded the additive. The average percentage of wear debris concentration reduction by emulsion fuel were 8.2%, 9.1%, 16.3% and 21.0% for Iron (Fe) Aluminum (Al), Copper (Cu) and Lead (Pb) as compared to D2 respectively. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.enconman.2016.03.057

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

Emulsion fuel is one of alternative fuel for diesel engines. This study is to investigate the durability of a diesel engine that is running on emulsion fuels. Two emulsion fuels contain water, low grade diesel fuel and surfactant in the ratio of 10:89:1 v/v% (E10) and 20:79:1 v/v% (E20) has been tested for 200 h. The results of using emulsion fuels were then compared with that of Malaysian conventional diesel fuel (D2). The Nitrogen Oxides (NOx), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Carbon Dioxide (CO2), PM (particulate matter) and exhaust temperature from the tested fuel were measured before and after 200 h durability test. Analyses were also conducted on the wear of the engine components, viscosity change of the lubricant and carbon deposit formation in the combustion chamber. Emulsion fuel operation in the test engine reduced the PM and NOx by 15.47% and 54.40% respectively but CO and CO2 increased by 95% and 34.12% respectively as compared to D2. No abnormal wear could be observed when using emulsion fuels. In addition, emulsion fuels produced less carbon deposit with 65% and 52% reduction for E10 and E20 respectively. All three test fuels exhibits minimal increments in the lubricant's viscosity values after 200 h of engine operation. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.energy.2015.10.144

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：JAPAN SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS  

Water-in-diesel emulsion fuel (W/O) operated in diesel engines, shows a significant reduction of particulate matter (PM). In this paper, PM reduction characteristics by thermal decomposition of W/O10 and W/O20 (10vol.% and 20vol.% of water in W/O respectively) are identified in diesel combustion atmosphere using a plug flow reactor with a co-flow diffusion burner. To analyze initial thermal decomposition at diesel diffusion combustion, the W/O fuels are thermally decomposed in the plug flow reactor first, then the thermally decomposed W/O fuels are introduced into a co-flow diffusion burner as fuel and PM are generated. In high temperature atmosphere without oxygen in the reactor, W/O10 and W/O20 are thermally decomposed and both of them almost produce light hydrocarbons (LHCs) higher than a diesel fuel, which means thermal decomposition before combustion are encouraged by the W/O. Excitation-emission matrix (EEM) method shows that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are produced by both W/O fuels and diesel fuel during the thermal decomposition period but some W/O fuels oxidize a huge amount of PAHs in the later diffusion combustion. CO, CO2 measurements after the combustion of the thermal decomposed substances in the diffusion burner via high temperature reactor reveal that diffusion combustion of W/O fuels contribute to Soluble Organic Fraction (SOF) and Solid reduction which leads to reduction of CO and increase of CO2 respectively.

DOI： 10.1299/jtst.2015jtst0024

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCI LTD  

The need for more efficient energy usage and a less polluted environment are the prominent research areas that are currently being investigated by many researchers worldwide. Water-in-diesel emulsion fuel (W/D) is a promising alternative fuel that could fulfills such requests in that it can improve the combustion efficiency of a diesel engine and reduce harmful exhaust emission, especially nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM). To date, there have been many W/D emulsion fuel studies, especially regarding performance, emissions and micro-explosion phenomena. This review paper gathers and discusses the recent advances in emulsion fuel studies in respect of the impact of W/D emulsion fuel on the performance and emission of diesel engines, micro-explosion phenomena especially the factors that affecting the onset and strength of micro-explosion process, and proposed potential research area in W/D emulsion fuel study. There is an inconsistency in the results reported from previous studies especially for the thermal efficiency, brake power, torque and specific fuel consumption. However, it is agreed by most of the studies that W/D does result in an improvement in these measurements when the total amount of diesel fuel in the emulsion is compared with that of the neat diesel fuel. NOx and PM exhaust gas emissions are greatly reduced by using the W/D emulsion fuel. Unburnt hydrocarbon (UHC) and carbon monoxide (CO) exhaust emissions are found to be increased by using the W/D emulsion fuel. The inconsistency of the experimental result can be related to the effects of the onset and the strength of the micro-explosion process. The factors that affect these measurements consist of the size of the dispersed water particle, droplet size of the emulsion, water-content in the emulsion, ambient temperature, ambient pressure, type and percentage of surfactant, type of diesel engine and engine operating conditions. Durability testing and developing the fuel production device that requires no/less surfactant are the potential research area that can be explored in future. (C) 2014 Energy Institute. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.joei.2014.04.002

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出版者・発行元：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

The purpose of this study is to investigate the cause of PM reduction by diesel fuel (Solvent:C₁₂, C₁₃, C₁₄) mixed with bio-diesel fuel (Methyl Decanoate:C₉H₁₉COOCH₃) with focusing on the thermal decomposition in diesel combustion atmosphere. To make a heavy duty diesel combustion atmosphere, a flow reactor and a co-flow diffusion burner were used. The thermally decomposed fuel produced in the flow reactor was introduced into the co-flow diffusion burner directly. To study the relation between thermal decomposition and PM reduction, the chemical substances produced in the reactor and PM produced by the combustion of the burner were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed by some analytical devices. The emission measurement with diffusion burner shows that the bio-diesel blended fuel exhausts PM in concentration 20-30% less than diesel fuel. The analysis indicates that, due to oxygen-containing fuel, the bio-diesel fuel can oxidize thermally decomposed components of C₂H₂ and PAHs that may become pre-cursers of PM.

DOI： 10.1299/kikaib.77.360

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人日本機械学会  

To investigate particular matter (PM) reduction mechanism of bio-diesel fuel in diesel combustion starting from thermal decomposition, fundamental and chemical study was carried out using a plug flow reactor and a co-flow diffusion burner. "Methyl Decanoate (C_9H_<19>COOCH_3)" was mixed with n-saturated fuel "Solvent (C_<12>, C_<13>, C_<14>)" by 10 vol.%. Methyl decanoate blended fuel (MD10) reduces exhaust PM by 20〜30% at fuel rich condition, which is notable for solid reduction. Ester bond in Methyl decanoate contributes to oxidation of C_2H_2 or another hydrocarbons during thermal decomposition. Total amount of PAHs from MD10 produced during thermal decomposition is smaller than that from Solvent. Fluorescence intensity for PAHs collected from the burner exhaust follows Solvent > MD10. This trend is similar to PM concentration in the exhaust.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmemecjo.2009.7.0_159

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：自動車技術会  

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

Experimental work was performed to investigate formation of soot precursor and PM in diesel combustion process using a flow reactor and a laminar co-flow diffusion burner. Thermally decomposed aliphatic diesel fuel produced in the flow reactor was supplied directly to the burner as fuel. Measurements were conducted in the flow reactor, in the flame, and the exhaust for light hydrocarbons, low molecular weight aromatics, PAHs, soot precursor, and PM. Results show that many PAHs ranging from two to five-member ring are already formed as well as light hydrocarbon such as C_2H_4, C_2H_2 and CH_4 during pyrolysis in the flow reactor. Exhaust PM is subject to be formed when abundant C_2H_2, Benzene, PAHs are produced during high temperature thermal decomposition of aliphatic diesel fuel, and the structure of PM has long chain-like aggregation. Measured fluorescence spectrometry indicates 464nm peak. This peak is caused by soot precursor, which is in the SOF extracted from PM.

DOI： 10.1299/kikaib.73.328

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人日本機械学会  

This study tries to investigate the reduction of nitric oxide by thermally cracked hydrocarbons under rich condition during diesel combustion. Experiments using flow reactor system, which follows the chemical process of fuel at high temperature and atmospheric pressure, show that thermal cracking of fuel starts at about 1000K, and lower hydrocarbons mainly composed of C₂H₄ and CH₄ are formed. NO can be reduced when fuel is thermally cracked and oxidized. A larger amount of NO is reduced when thermal cracking hydrocarbons are increased in quantity under rich and high temperature condition. Among decomposed hydrocarbons, C₂H₄ is easily decomposed and affects deNO mechanism. Chemical kinetic calculation using CHEMKIN III reveals the mechanism. NO is reduced through the reaction of HCCO or CH₂ with NO. In these reaction paths, C₂H₂ is an essential species. The computation also shows that this deNO mechanism can be actualized in the practical diesel combustion.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmeb.49.526

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その他リンク： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00286545462?from=CiNii

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SAGE Publications  

This study concerns an experimental and theoretical investigation of the deNO _x mechanism caused by thermal cracking hydrocarbons during diesel combustion. A total gas sampling experiment using a rapid compression machine showed that NO _x can be reduced under fuel-rich and high-swirl conditions. It was found that under these conditions, a large amount of thermal cracking hydrocarbons, including unsaturated hydrocarbons such as C₂H₄, are produced during the ignition delay period, and that stratified fuel-rich combustion regions that contain these thermal cracking hydrocarbons are distributed widely throughout the combustion chamber. During the diffusion combustion phase, the CH₄ concentration surpasses that of C₂H₄ and becomes the dominant hydrocarbon species. These thermal cracking hydrocarbons are supposed to be active in NO _x reduction chemistry. To confirm the assumption, a flow reactor experiment was conducted focusing on the thermal cracking process of diesel fuel and the NO _x reduction process. The experiment showed that when a solvent was used as fuel, light hydrocarbons similar to those observed in the rapid compression experiment are formed, and that about 60 per cent of NO _x was reduced at equivalence ratios over 2.5 and a temperature of 1500 K. In addition to the above experiments, a chemical kinetic calculation using CHEMKIN III was carried out. The calculation revealed that C₂H₄ is easily decomposed during its oxidation process, forming HCCO or CHC₂, which reacts promptly with NO and that in this reaction path, C₂H₂2 formed through the thermal cracking process of C₂H₄ is an essential species to the formation of HCCO and CH₂.

DOI： 10.1243/146808705x30495

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

This study tries to investigate the reduction of nitric oxide by thermally cracked hydrocarbons under rich condition during diesel combustion. Experiments using flow reactor system, which follows the chemical process of fuel at high temperature and atmospheric pressure, show that thermal cracking of fuel starts at about 1000K, and lower hydrocarbons mainly composed of C_2H_4 and CH_4 are formed. NO can be reduced when fuel is thermally cracked and oxidized. A larger amount of NO is reduced when thermal cracking hydrocarbons are increased in quantity under rich and high temperature condition. Among decomposed hydrocarbons, C_2H_4 is easily decomposed and affects deNO mechanism. Chemical kinetic calculation using CHEMKIN III reveals the mechanism. NO is reduced through the reaction of HCCO or CH_2 with NO. In these reaction paths, C_2H_2 is an essential species. The computation also shows that this deNO mechanism can be actualized in the practical diesel combustion.

DOI： 10.1299/kikaib.71.2193

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人日本機械学会  

Thermal cracking and oxidization process of diesel fuel in an atmospheric pressure and high temperature place were investigated using flow reactor. When NO gas is introduced under oxidation condition of Solvent, NO is reduced upto 60% by thermal decomposed hydrocarbons. C_2H_4,which is main component of thermal cracking hydrocarbons, reduces NO upto 80%. According to the numerical simulation using CHEMKIN III, reduction mechanism of NO by thermal crackin hydrocarbon is depended on formation of HCCO and CH_2. In addition, C_2H_2 formation process plays an important role to produce HCCO and CH_2.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmemecjo.2003.3.0_91

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：英語  

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記述言語：英語  

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記述言語：英語  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（招待・特別）  

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