Publisher：Oxford University Press ({OUP})  

DOI： 10.1093/pcp/pcz014

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE  

Shoot regeneration in calli derived from immature barley embryos is regulated by light conditions during the callus-induction period. Barley cultivars Kanto Nijo-5 (KN5) and K-3 (K3) showed lower efficiency of shoot regeneration in a 16-h photoperiod during callus-induction than those in continuous darkness, whereas shoot regeneration was enhanced in cultures under a 16-h photoperiod in Golden Promise (GP) and Lenins (LN). These cultivars were classified as photo-inhibition type (KN5 and K3) or photo-induction type (GP and LN) according to their response to light. Contents of endogenous plant hormones were determined in calli cultured under a 16-h photoperiod and continuous darkness. In photo-inhibition type, higher accumulation of abscisic acid (ABA) was detected in calli cultured under a 16-h photoperiod, whereas calli showed lower levels of endogenous ABA in continuous darkness. However, cultivars of photo-induction type showed lower levels of ABA in calli cultured under both light conditions, similarly to photo-inhibition type in continuous darkness. Exogenous ABA inhibited the callus growth and shoot regeneration independent of light conditions in all cultivars. In photo-inhibition type, lower levels of endogenous ABA induced by ABA biosynthesis inhibitor, fluridone, reduced the photo-inhibition of shoot regeneration. Expression of ABA biosynthesis gene, HvNCED1, in calli was regulated by the light conditions. Higher expression was observed in calli cultured under a 16-h photoperiod. These results indicate that ABA biosynthesis could be activated through the higher expression of HvNCED1 in a 16-h photoperiod and that the higher accumulations of ABA inhibit shoot regeneration in the photo-inhibition type cultivars.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0145242

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE  

In Arabidopsis, the regulation network of the seed maturation program controls the induction of seed dormancy. Wheat EST sequences showing homology with the master regulators of seed maturation, LEAFY COTYLEDON1 (LEC1), LEC2 and FUSCA3 (FUS3), were searched from databases and designated respectively as TaL1L (LEC1-LIKE), TaL2L (LEC2-LIKE), and TaFUS3. TaL1LA, TaL2LA and TaFUS3 mainly expressed in seeds or embryos, with the expression limited to the early stages of seed development. Results show that tissue-specific and developmental-stage-dependent expressions are similar to those of seed maturation regulators in Arabidopsis. In wheat cultivars, the expression level of TaL1LA is correlated significantly with the germination index (GI) of whole seeds at 40 days after pollination (DAP) (r = -0.83**). Expression levels of TaFUS3 and TaL2LA are significantly correlated respectively with GIs at 40 DAP and 50 DAP, except for dormant cultivars. No correlation was found between the expression level of TaVP1, orthologue of ABA INSENSITIVE3 (ABI3), and seed dormancy. DELAY OF GERMINATION1 (DOG1) was identified as a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for the regulation of seed dormancy in Arabidopsis. Its promoter has RY motif, which is a target sequence of LEC2. Significant correlation was found between the expression of TaDOG1 and seed dormancy except for dormant cultivars. These results indicate that TaL1LA, TaL2LA, and TaFUS3 are wheat orthologues of seed maturation regulators. The expressions of these genes affect the level of seed dormancy. Furthermore, the pathways, which involve seed maturation regulators and TaDOG1, are important for regulating seed dormancy in wheat.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0107618

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

A seed-specific bZIP type transcription factor involved in abscisic acid (ABA) signal transduction of developing wheat (Triticum aestivum L) seeds is TaABF1, ABA response element binding factor 1. The expression of TaABF1 was examined in wheat cultivars possessing different levels of seed dormancy and ABA sensitivity at 40-50 days after pollination. Zenkoujikomugi, Norin61, and OW104 were dormant cultivars showing high sensitivity to ABA. Chihokukomugi, RL4137, and Chinese Spring, all non-dormant cultivars, show low sensitivity to ABA. Tamaizumi, AUS1408, and Kitakei-1354 represent intermediate levels of seed dormancy and sensitivity to ABA. The relation between seed dormancy and ABA sensitivity is high (r = 0.89) in these cultivars. Relative amounts of transcripts of TaABF1 in embryos revealed high coefficients of correlation to seed dormancy (r = 0.78) and ABA sensitivity (r = 0.86). These results suggest that TaABF1 plays a role in the regulation of seed dormancy and ABA sensitivity in wheat. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jcs.2010.05.012

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

A novel wheat (Triticum aestivum L) mutant with reduced seed dormancy, RSD32, was isolated from a NaN(3)-treated population of a dormant cultivar, Norin61. Results show that RSD32 reduced not only the seed dormancy but also sensitivity to abscisic acid (ABA) on germination. The segregation ratio in the F(2) population of a cross that had been derived from Norin61 and RSD32 suggested that the reduced dormant phenotype was inherited as a recessive trait. At 30 days after pollination (DAP30) and later developmental stages, ABA-insensitivity of RSD32 was observed, but the seeds were sensitive to ABA at DAP20. Defects of ABA sensitivity depended upon seed development. Auxin acted synergistically for sensitivity to ABA in germination of Norin61, but the effects of auxin on ABA sensitivity were diminished in RSD32. The expression of TaABF, a bZIP class transcription factor associated with ABA signal transduction in seed, was lower in embryos of RSD32 than those of Norin61. TaDOG1 is a wheat orthologue of Arabidopsis DOG?, which is identified as a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for the regulation of seed dormancy. Moreover, RSD32 showed lower expression of TaDOG1 in embryos. Both TaABF and TaDOG1 have potential functions for regulation of wheat seed dormancy. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jcs.2010.01.003

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：JAPANESE SOC BREEDING  

Barley includes semi-dwarf varieties, called uzu, which are localized in parts of southwestern Japan, the Southern Korea peninsula, and coastal areas of China. The uzu phenotype possesses dark green leaves and short coleoptiles, awns, and panicles. It is controlled by a single recessive gene: uzu. Uzu results from a mutation in the brassinosteroid receptor kinase gene (HvBR11). Brassinosteroid synergistically acts with auxin on plant morphology, which is an important plant hormone for tissue culture. For this study, tissue Culture traits, including callus growth and shoot regeneration capability, were examined in F-2 populations derived from crosses between normal and uzu lines, and in isogenic lines for the uzu gene. The uzu genotype shows a lower percentage of shoot regeneration than the normal genotype in F, populations and isogenic lines. The uzu gene negatively affects shoot regeneration. No significant differences were Found In callus growth capability between uzu and normal genotypes. Uzu isogenic lines show higher sensitivity to exogenous auxin for callus initiation than normal lines, when immature embryos were incubated on media supplemented with several concentrations of 2,4-D under culture at higher temperature (25 degrees C). Tissue Culture traits of uzu might be regulated through cross-talk between brassinosteroid and auxin.

DOI： 10.1270/jsbbs.58.149

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：JAPANESE SOC BREEDING  

Callus growth and shoot regeneration were examined in Cultures of immature barley embryos incubated under various combinations of a week under a 16-h photoperiod and a week under continuous darkness. incubation in darkness for four weeks, during which calli were formed, enhanced shoot regeneration in 'K-3' and 'Kanto Nijo-5', but inhibited it in 'Lenins'. 'K-3' and 'Kanto Nijo-5', incubated in darkness during the first two weeks of callus induction, followed by two weeks of a 16-h photoperiod (D2L2), showed a higher percentage of shoot regeneration than those incubated for two weeks with a 16-h photoperiod followed by two weeks of darkness (L2D2). Nevertheless, when the light conditions, D2L2 and L2D2, were combined into the same periods of a 16-h photoperiod and continuous darkness, except for the order, light conditions affected shoot regeneration differently. The early stage of callus induction seems to be sensitive to light. The expression ratios of the auxin-responsive gene (AUX/IAA) to the cytokinin-responsive gene (WPK4) were increased in continuous darkness ill 'K-3' and 'Kanto Nijo-5'. The effects of light qualities (white, red, far-red, and blue) on callus growth and shoot regeneration were also examined. Blue light inhibited shoot regeneration, as did white light.. in 'K-3' and 'Kanto Nijo-5', and far-red light ill 'Kanto Nijo-5'. Light probably controls shoot regeneration from calli by modifying cytokinin levels and/or response; blue light signals act in photo-inhibition of shoot regeneration in immature barley embryo Culture.

DOI： 10.1270/jsbbs.58.129

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

Genes that regulate anthocyanin pigmentation in wheat coleoptiles were investigated in three lines of wheat. When grown in the light, the wheat line Hope developed red coleoptiles, while another line, Chinese Spring (CS), expressed green coleoptiles. Another line CS(Hope7A), a chromosome substitution line that carries chromosome 7A of Hope in a CS background, also developed a red coleoptile. In the dark, none of the three lines developed colored coleoptiles. Anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway genes have been grouped into two subsets: early biosynthesis genes (EBGs), which include CHS, CHI and F3H, and late biosynthesis genes (LBGs), which include DFR, ANS and UFGT. None of these six genes was upregulated in coleoptiles grown in the dark, whereas all were activated by light in coleoptiles of Hope and CS(Hope7A). In coleoptiles of CS grown in the light, the EBGs were expressed, but the three LBGs were not. The Rc gene located on chromosome 7 appears to encode a transcription activator of LBGs involved in light-regulation of anthocyanin synthesis. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jcs.2006.03.002

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alpha-Amylase activity was measured in distal half-grains of four wheat lines, RL4137, OS21-5, Shirogane-komugi (Shirogane) and Hokkai250, after 72 h soaking at 20degreesC. The half-grains of RL4137 and Hokkai250 at the maturity stage (about 15% water content) showed a significantly (P < 0.01) higher alpha-amylase activity after 72 h soaking (3.95 mU/mg, and 2.14 mU/mg, respectively) than those of OS21-5 and Shirogane (1.05 mU/mg and 0.91 mU/mg). During grain development, 30 to 50 days postanthesis (DPA), soaking also induced the production of a-amylase in the half-grains of RL4137 after 72 h. The alpha-amylases induced consisted of heat-labile alpha-AMY2 (low pI) type of enzymes. They were similar to alpha-AMY2 which was reported to be induced in the developing pericarp in the absence of stimulus from gibberellic acid (GA), but different from heat-resistant alpha-AMY2 expressed in the aleurone tissue after stimulation by GA. It is suggested that the RL4137 aleurone tissue has a potential for the synthesis of heat-labile alpha-AMY2, although the level of induced a-amylase activity was very low compared with that of the enzyme synthesized in the embryo and endosperm at the time of germination.

DOI： 10.1270/jsbbs.53.119

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：BLACKWELL VERLAG GMBH  

Eighty-four cultivars of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and 95 wild strains (82 of H. spontaneum and 13 of H. agriocrithon) were surveyed for the production of callus, callus growth, and shoot regeneration in cultures derived from immature embryos. All cultivars except for 'Turkey 381', induced calli from more than 90% of embryos. On the other hand, the wild lines showed a large variation in the percentage of callus induction from 0 to 100%. Among the cultivars, those with the brittle rachis genotype, bt Bt(2), on chromosome 3H, regenerated shoots with a significantly higher percentage than the cultivars with the Bt bt(2) genotype. Green shoots were produced in a higher ratio (0.84) in the cultivars than in the wild lines (0.52). Among the lines examined, 'Lenins' regenerated shoots efficiently (90.4%) and produced the highest number of calli with green shoots per embryo (4.77) followed by 'Golden Promise' (3.15). Examination of callus growth and shoot regeneration from embryos at different developmental stages revealed that scutellum development affected the quantity and quality of callus and shoot regeneration.

DOI： 10.1046/j.1439-0523.2003.00823.x

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：BLACKWELL VERLAG GMBH  

The barley cultivar 'Lenins' was found to be a genotype showing high shoot regeneration ability in cultures derived from immature embryos. Five cultivars different from 'Lenins' in shoot regeneration ability were reciprocally crossed with 'Lenins' and the inheritance of tissue culture traits was investigated. F-2 plants showed continuous distributions in callus growth and percentage of shoot regeneration, suggesting that these traits were controlled by polygenes. The F-2 population, derived from a cross between 'Lenins' and '6721', showed a monogenic segregation for the number of regenerated shoots, and the segregation ratio fitted 1 : 2 : 1. Tissue culture traits of 'Lenins' were controlled by several genes, whereas the number of regenerated shoots related to the efficiency of shoot regeneration is controlled by one major gene.

DOI： 10.1046/j.1439-0523.2003.00822.x

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：JAPANESE SOC BREEDING  

Maize transcription factors for the genes of anthocyanin synthesis pathway, C1/B-peru, were delivered into developing wheat coleoptiles by a particle bombardment method. Anthocyanin pigments were induced as discrete red spots and their number reached about 60 spots per coleoptile, compared to about 20 diffused blue GUS spots, which were induced by the GusA gene transferred concomitantly. Coleoptiles of seedlings collected 36 h after germination were most suitable tissue for the expression of delivered foreign genes. One to five mug of plasmid DNA for coating gold particles was sufficient for induction of anthocyanin and GUS, indicating that the transferred gene was expressed efficiently in coleoptile cells. Helium gas pressure (900, 1100, 1300 or 1500 pounds per square inch) and distances (10, 15, or 20 cm) between the stopping screen and coleoptile did not affect significantly the efficiency of gene transfer. Seedlings arranged in a circle with a 1-cm radius on a MS medium plate were targeted well by gold particles. The results showed that the wheat coleoptile was a good target tissue for transient assay of wheat genes and that C1/B-peru can be used as a reporter gene.

DOI： 10.1270/jsbbs.53.29

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Language：English   Publisher：ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

A seed-specific bZIP type transcription factor involved in abscisic acid (ABA) signal transduction of developing wheat (Triticum aestivum L) seeds is TaABF1, ABA response element binding factor 1. The expression of TaABF1 was examined in wheat cultivars possessing different levels of seed dormancy and ABA sensitivity at 40-50 days after pollination. Zenkoujikomugi, Norin61, and OW104 were dormant cultivars showing high sensitivity to ABA. Chihokukomugi, RL4137, and Chinese Spring, all non-dormant cultivars, show low sensitivity to ABA. Tamaizumi, AUS1408, and Kitakei-1354 represent intermediate levels of seed dormancy and sensitivity to ABA. The relation between seed dormancy and ABA sensitivity is high (r = 0.89) in these cultivars. Relative amounts of transcripts of TaABF1 in embryos revealed high coefficients of correlation to seed dormancy (r = 0.78) and ABA sensitivity (r = 0.86). These results suggest that TaABF1 plays a role in the regulation of seed dormancy and ABA sensitivity in wheat. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jcs.2010.05.012

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Callus growth and shoot regeneration were examined in Cultures of immature barley embryos incubated under various combinations of a week under a 16-h photoperiod and a week under continuous darkness. incubation in darkness for four weeks, during which calli were formed, enhanced shoot regeneration in 'K-3' and 'Kanto Nijo-5', but inhibited it in 'Lenins'. 'K-3' and 'Kanto Nijo-5', incubated in darkness during the first two weeks of callus induction, followed by two weeks of a 16-h photoperiod (D2L2), showed a higher percentage of shoot regeneration than those incubated for two weeks with a 16-h photoperiod followed by two weeks of darkness (L2D2). Nevertheless, when the light conditions, D2L2 and L2D2, were combined into the same periods of a 16-h photoperiod and continuous darkness, except for the order, light conditions affected shoot regeneration differently. The early stage of callus induction seems to be sensitive to light. The expression ratios of the auxin-responsive gene (AUX/IAA) to the cytokinin-responsive gene (WPK4) were increased in continuous darkness ill 'K-3' and 'Kanto Nijo-5'. The effects of light qualities (white, red, far-red, and blue) on callus growth and shoot regeneration were also examined. Blue light inhibited shoot regeneration, as did white light.. in 'K-3' and 'Kanto Nijo-5', and far-red light ill 'Kanto Nijo-5'. Light probably controls shoot regeneration from calli by modifying cytokinin levels and/or response; blue light signals act in photo-inhibition of shoot regeneration in immature barley embryo Culture.

DOI： 10.1270/jsbbs.58.129

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本育種学会  

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トウモロコシのアントシアニン合成系遺伝子の転写制御因子CI B-peruを発達中のコムギ幼葉鞘にパーティクルボンバードメント法で導入した.アントシアニン色素が明確な赤い点として誘導され,その数は幼葉鞘当たり約60に達した.一方,同時に導入したGusA遺伝子では約20の滲んだ青いGUSの点が誘導された.発芽後36時間の幼葉鞘が,これら外来遺伝子の導入発現に最も良い組織であった.また1から5μgのプラスミドDNAで覆った金粒子で充分にアントシアニンやGUSの発現が誘導された.ヘリウムガス圧(900,1100,1300,1500ポンド/インチ^2)或いは停止スクリーンと幼葉鞘間の距離(10,15,20？)は遺伝子導入効率には有意に影響を与えなかった.一方,MS培地に半径1？の円状に並べた芽生えで最も良く遺伝子が導入された.これらの結果は,コムギ幼葉鞘はコムギ遺伝子の一過的発現分析に良い組織であり,またCI B-peruはレポーター遺伝子として使用できることを示した.

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Maize transcription factors for the genes of anthocyanin synthesis pathway, C1/B-peru, were delivered into developing wheat coleoptiles by a particle bombardment method. Anthocyanin pigments were induced as discrete red spots and their number reached about 60 spots per coleoptile, compared to about 20 diffused blue GUS spots, which were induced by the GusA gene transferred concomitantly. Coleoptiles of seedlings collected 36 h after germination were most suitable tissue for the expression of delivered foreign genes. One to five mug of plasmid DNA for coating gold particles was sufficient for induction of anthocyanin and GUS, indicating that the transferred gene was expressed efficiently in coleoptile cells. Helium gas pressure (900, 1100, 1300 or 1500 pounds per square inch) and distances (10, 15, or 20 cm) between the stopping screen and coleoptile did not affect significantly the efficiency of gene transfer. Seedlings arranged in a circle with a 1-cm radius on a MS medium plate were targeted well by gold particles. The results showed that the wheat coleoptile was a good target tissue for transient assay of wheat genes and that C1/B-peru can be used as a reporter gene.

DOI： 10.1270/jsbbs.53.29

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イネにおけるアントシアニン生合成の転写制御遺伝子の発現解析に必要なトランジェントアッセイ系を, 常時材料を準備できるイネ完熟種子糊粉層で確立した. まず, 岡大資生研紫米 (RIB-PI) の完熟種子を用いて糊粉層を露出するための吸水時間と温度を検討した. 露出できた糊粉層にトウモロコシのアントシアニン生合成の転写制御遺伝子, ClとB-Peruをパーティクルガンで導入したところ, アントシアニンのスポットが観察されたので, 両遺伝子を用いたトランジェントアッセイ系について至適条件を検討した. その結果, 28℃ で4時間吸水させて露出した糊粉層でアントシアニンのスポット数が最大になった. また, 導入するプラスミドの量は, ClとBPeruがともに5μgかClが5μgでB-Peruが10μgのときに, アントシアニンのスポット数が多くなった. 以上の結果から, イネの完熟種子糊粉層を用いたトランジェントアッセイとして, 28℃ で4時間吸水させて糊粉層を露出させ, C1とB-Pmをともに5μgずつ導入することによって, 安定的にアントシアニンを誘導できることが明らかとなった.

DOI： 10.1270/jsbbr.2.181

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イネにおけるアントシアニン生合成の転写制御遺伝子の発現解析に必要なトランジェントアッセイ系を, 常時材料を準備できるイネ完熟種子糊粉層で確立した. まず, 岡大資生研紫米 (RIB-PI) の完熟種子を用いて糊粉層を露出するための吸水時間と温度を検討した. 露出できた糊粉層にトウモロコシのアントシアニン生合成の転写制御遺伝子, ClとB-Peruをパーティクルガンで導入したところ, アントシアニンのスポットが観察されたので, 両遺伝子を用いたトランジェントアッセイ系について至適条件を検討した. その結果, 28℃ で4時間吸水させて露出した糊粉層でアントシアニンのスポット数が最大になった. また, 導入するプラスミドの量は, ClとBPeruがともに5μgかClが5μgでB-Peruが10μgのときに, アントシアニンのスポット数が多くなった. 以上の結果から, イネの完熟種子糊粉層を用いたトランジェントアッセイとして, 28℃ で4時間吸水させて糊粉層を露出させ, C1とB-Pmをともに5μgずつ導入することによって, 安定的にアントシアニンを誘導できることが明らかとなった.

DOI： 10.1270/jsbbr.2.181

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Differentiation ability of calli derived from mature embryos was surveyed using a total of 269 Iocal barley varieties collected from various countries or regions of the world. Eighty five varieties differentiated roots, though they did not regenerate shoots. The percentages of root differentiation in all tested varieties ranged from O to 100 %, and their average was 10.2 % . Varieties collected from Japan, Korea. China. Nepal, Turkey and North Africa showed a low differentiation ability (1 -5 % ), while those from South-West Asia, Europe and Ethiopia showed a high differentiation ability (13-19 % ).

DOI： 10.1270/jsbbs1951.45.211

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Differentiation ability of calli derived from mature embryos was surveyed using a total of 269 Iocal barley varieties collected from various countries or regions of the world. Eighty five varieties differentiated roots, though they did not regenerate shoots. The percentages of root differentiation in all tested varieties ranged from O to 100 %, and their average was 10.2 % . Varieties collected from Japan, Korea. China. Nepal, Turkey and North Africa showed a low differentiation ability (1 -5 % ), while those from South-West Asia, Europe and Ethiopia showed a high differentiation ability (13-19 % ).

DOI： 10.1270/jsbbs1951.45.211

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Differentiation ability of calli derived from mature embryos was surveyed using a total of 269 Iocal barley varieties collected from various countries or regions of the world. Eighty five varieties differentiated roots, though they did not regenerate shoots. The percentages of root differentiation in all tested varieties ranged from O to 100 %, and their average was 10.2 % . Varieties collected from Japan, Korea. China. Nepal, Turkey and North Africa showed a low differentiation ability (1 -5 % ), while those from South-West Asia, Europe and Ethiopia showed a high differentiation ability (13-19 % ).

DOI： 10.1270/jsbbs1951.45.211

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本作物学会  

近年、作物の育種を行うにあたり、形質転換や細胞選抜等の生物工学的手法が利用されるようになってきた。その一方で、形質転換や細胞選抜では培養細胞からの植物体再分化が困難であるなどの問題点がある。本研究では、オオムギ培養細胞からの再分化を制御し、生物工学的手法の実用化に寄与するために、植物体再分化を支配する遺伝子の遺伝様式の解析を行った。

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To analyse the genetic aspects of C₃ and C₄ photosynthetic systems, the photosynthetic charcacteristics of the progenies derived from a backcross, (Atriplex rosea (C₄, 2 n=18, 2x)xA.patula (C₃, 2n=36, 4x))xA, rosea, were investigated. Out of three plants derived from the backcross, two showed C4-Iike traits based on the C0₂ compensation point and δ¹³C values as well as enzyme analysis and leaf anatomy. Another plant showed C₃-like characteristics. The descendants of these plants were segregated into three discrete morphofogical types ; p-type plants which were similar to A. patula ; d-type plants which were dwarf with dark green leaves ; and r-type plants which resembled A.rosea but exhibited a highly branching habit. The isozyme patterns of the leaves of the pand d-types were similar to those of A.patula, while th.e isozyme patterns of the r-type were either similar to those of A.rosea or different from the parental patterns. Based on anatomical, photosynthetic and enzymological observations, the p- and d-types showed C₃-like traits, whereas the r-type C₄-like ones. Chromosome analysis from the root tips revealed a 2n=36 number in the p- and d-types and a 2n=18 one in the r-type. It is suggested that the expression of C₄ photosynthesis is affected by the dose of the genome of the C₄ species and that the genes related to C₄ photosynthesis tend to be inherited as a group in the interspecific hybrids.

DOI： 10.1270/jsbbs1951.38.397

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Language：English   Publisher：Japanese Society of Breeding  

To analyse the genetic aspects of C₃ and C₄ photosynthetic systems, the photosynthetic charcacteristics of the progenies derived from a backcross, (Atriplex rosea (C₄, 2 n=18, 2x)xA.patula (C₃, 2n=36, 4x))xA, rosea, were investigated. Out of three plants derived from the backcross, two showed C4-Iike traits based on the C0₂ compensation point and δ¹³C values as well as enzyme analysis and leaf anatomy. Another plant showed C₃-like characteristics. The descendants of these plants were segregated into three discrete morphofogical types ; p-type plants which were similar to A. patula ; d-type plants which were dwarf with dark green leaves ; and r-type plants which resembled A.rosea but exhibited a highly branching habit. The isozyme patterns of the leaves of the pand d-types were similar to those of A.patula, while th.e isozyme patterns of the r-type were either similar to those of A.rosea or different from the parental patterns. Based on anatomical, photosynthetic and enzymological observations, the p- and d-types showed C₃-like traits, whereas the r-type C₄-like ones. Chromosome analysis from the root tips revealed a 2n=36 number in the p- and d-types and a 2n=18 one in the r-type. It is suggested that the expression of C₄ photosynthesis is affected by the dose of the genome of the C₄ species and that the genes related to C₄ photosynthesis tend to be inherited as a group in the interspecific hybrids.

DOI： 10.1270/jsbbs1951.38.397

CiNii Article

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japanese Society of Breeding  

CiNii Article

CiNii Books

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Event date： 2022.3.20 - 2022.3.21

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2022.3.10

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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