Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)  

Introduction: We previously reported that hesperidin intake reduces blood pressure (BP) in 2-kidney, 1-clip renovascular hypertensive model (2K1C) rats. Hesperidin is a kind of polyphenol found in citrus peels, and was reported to contribute to the proliferation of bacteria such as Bifidobacterium spp ., Lactobacillus spp ., and Akkermansia muciniphila , which produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). SCFAs such as acetic acid, butyric acid and propionic acid, have been reported to lower BP in hypertensive model animals. However, to our knowledge, there have been no studies that observed changes in their gut microbiota in hypertensive model animals when administered hesperidin.

Hypothesis: Hesperidin partially alters gut microbiota, especially with an increase in SCFA-producing bacteria in 2K1C rats.

Methods: Sham-operated control model (SHAM) or 2K1C were induced in six-week-old Sprague Dawley rats under anesthesia. Both rat models were made to ingest a control diet (CTL) or a 0.1% (0.1 of 100, w/w) hesperidin including diet (Hes), and to access a drinking water freely for 6 weeks. During the feeding, rats were observed systolic BP (SBP) by tail-cuff method weekly. After euthanasia, the cecal contents were collected and analyzed for microbiota by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing V3-V4 hypervariable regions. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: Six weeks after surgery, the SBP was significantly higher in 2K1C-CTL than that of SHAM-CTL (178 ± 5 vs 133 ± 3 mmHg, P < 0.001) and was significantly lower in 2K1C-Hes (158 ± 2 mmHg, P < 0.01) than that of 2K1C-CTL. In SHAM, there was no significant difference in SBP between CTL and Hes groups (133 ± 3 and 132 ± 3 mmHg).

The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed significant differences in the relative abundance of Eubacterium , Acetitomaculum and Blautia among 4 groups: SHAM or 2K1C rats fed CTL or Hes . Subsequently, post-hoc tests showed that the relative abundance of Acetitomaculum and Blautia were significantly increased in 2K1C-Hes compared with 2K1C-CTL. Because Acetitomaculum and Blautia are SCFA-producing bacteria, their increases may contribute to the suppression of BP elevation in 2K1C rats.

Conclusions: Hesperidin intake partially altered the gut microbiota in 2K1C rats, with a significant increase in SCFA-producing bacteria including Acetitomaculum and Blautia .

DOI： 10.1161/hyp.82.suppl_1.tac220

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

It was reported that the consumption of Saccharina japonica (SJ) lowers blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive rats. Hypertension is related to gut microbiota, and hypertensive patients develop dysbiosis. It was reported that the intake of dietary fiber and polysaccharides contained in SJ changes gut microbiota and increases short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The present study examined the effect of BP lowering by SJ in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and observed changes in gut microbiota composition and SCFAs concentration. Male SHRs and Wistar Kyoto rats (WKYs) were fed a diet containing 5% SJ or a control diet for six weeks. We measured systolic BP (SBP) weekly, as well as mean arterial BP (MAP), the 16S rRNA gene, and SCFAs in the cecal contents at the end of the period. As a result, the intake of SJ significantly decreased SBP and MAP in SHRs. As well, it significantly changed the microbial diversity by altering the gut microbiota composition. Particularly, it increased the abundance of Bacteroides acidifaciens, which may be associated with the antihypertensive effect of SJ. Thus, SJ intake suppressed the increase in BP and altered the gut microbiota composition, although it did not significantly change the SCFAs concentration in the cecal contents.

DOI： 10.3390/microorganisms12030556

PubMed

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Sodium alginate (SALG) is a substance derived from brown seaweed that has been shown to reduce blood pressure (BP). However, its effects on renovascular hypertension caused by 2-kidney, 1-clip (2K1C) are not yet clear. Previous research suggests that hypertensive rats have increased intestinal permeability, and that SALG improves the gut barrier in inflammatory bowel disease mouse models. Therefore, the goal of this study was to determine whether the antihypertensive effects of SALG involve the intestinal barrier in 2K1C rats. Rats were fed either a 1.0% SALG diet or a control diet for six weeks after being subjected to 2K1C surgery or a sham operation. The systolic BP was measured weekly, and the mean arterial BP was measured at the end of the study. Intestinal samples were taken for analysis, and plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels were measured. The results showed that BP in 2K1C rats was significantly higher than in SHAM rats when fed CTL, but not when fed SALG. The gut barrier in 2K1C rats was improved by SALG intake. Plasma LPS levels also differed depending on the animal model and diet. In conclusion, dietary SALG may alleviate 2K1C renovascular hypertension by altering the gut barrier.

DOI： 10.3390/md21060324

PubMed

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