Updated on 2023/10/30

写真a

 
OKOSHI Hirofumi
 
Organization
Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Lecturer
Position
Lecturer
Contact information
メールアドレス
External link

Degree

  • Ph.D. in Economics ( 2020.7   University of Munich )

  • 修士(経済学) ( 2015.3   一橋大学大学院 )

  • 学士(経済学) ( 2013.3   学習院大学 )

Research Interests

  • International Taxation

  • Transfer Pricing

  • Trade Policy

Research Areas

  • Humanities & Social Sciences / Economic policy  / International Taxation, Trade Policy, Transfer Pricing

Education

  • University of Munich   Munich Graduate School of Economics  

    2017.10 - 2020.8

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    Country: Germany

    Notes: Begin to work at Okayama Univeristy (since Apr 2020). Defense of my dissertation (July 2020)

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  • Hitotsubashi University   経済学研究科   応用経済

    2013.4 - 2015.3

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    Country: Japan

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  • Gakushuin University   経済学部   経済学科

    2010.4 - 2013.3

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    Country: Japan

    Notes: 早期卒業

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Research History

  • Erasmus University Rotterdam   Erasmus School of Economics   Visiting Professor

    2023.3 - 2025.2

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    Country:Netherlands

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  • Okayama University   Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences   Senior assistant professor

    2020.4

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    Country:Japan

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Professional Memberships

 

Papers

  • Tax havens and cross-border licensing with transfer pricing regulation Reviewed International coauthorship International journal

    Jay P. Choi, Jota Ishikawa, Hirofumi Okoshi

    International Tax and Public Finance   2022.12

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

    Multinational enterprises (MNEs) have incentive to reduce tax payment through transfer pricing. The incentive is stronger when MNEs own intangibles, because it is easy to transfer them across countries. To mitigate such strategic tax planning, the OECD proposes the arm’s length principle (ALP). This paper deals with technology patents as an example of intangibles and investigates how the ALP affects MNEs’ licensing strategies and welfare in a model with a tax haven. The ALP may distort MNEs’ licensing decisions, because providing a license to unrelated firms restricts MNEs’ profit-shifting opportunities due to the emergence of comparable transaction. Interestingly, the termination of licensing in the presence of the ALP may worsen domestic welfare if the (potential) licensee and the MNE’s subsidiary do not compete in the domestic market but may improve welfare if they compete. The results under ad valorem royalty are in distinct contrast with those under per-unit royalty.

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  • Economic integration and agglomeration of multinational production with transfer pricing Reviewed International journal

    Hayato Kato, Hirofumi Okoshi

    International Economic Review   2022.1

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

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  • Tariff elimination versus tax avoidance: Free trade agreements and transfer pricing Reviewed International journal

    Hiroshi Mukunoki, Hirofumi Okoshi

    International Tax and Public Finance   28 ( 5 )   1188 - 1210   2021.10

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    Authorship:Corresponding author   Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

    <title>Abstract</title>We explore the new roles of rules of origin (ROO) when multinational enterprises (MNEs) manipulate their transfer prices to avoid a high corporate tax. The ROO under a free trade agreement (FTA) require exporters to identify the origin of exports to be eligible for a preferential tariff rate. We find that a value-added criterion of ROO restricts abusive transfer pricing by MNEs. Interestingly, an FTA with ROO can induce MNEs to shift profits from a low- to high-tax country. Because the ROO augment tax revenues inside FTA countries, they can transform a welfare-reducing FTA into a welfare-improving one.

    DOI: 10.1007/s10797-021-09689-8

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  • Rules of origin and consumer-hurting free trade agreement Reviewed International journal

    Hiroshi Mukunoki, Hirofumi Okoshi

    The World Economy   44 ( 8 )   2303 - 2328   2021.8

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    Authorship:Corresponding author   Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Wiley  

    DOI: 10.1111/twec.13097

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  • Production location of multinational firms under transfer pricing: The impact of the arm's length principle Reviewed International journal

    Hayato Kato, Hirofumi Okoshi

    International Tax and Public Finance   26 ( 4 )   835 - 871   2019.8

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

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  • Attractive target for tax avoidance: Trade liberalization and entry mode

    Hirofumi Okoshi

    I ( 116 )   2023.10

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    Authorship:Lead author, Corresponding author   Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)  

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  • Backfired Deregulation of Foreign Ownership Restrictions under Fiscal Competition for Foreign Direct Investment

    Hirofumi Okoshi, Kyikyi Thar

    RIETI Discussion Paper Series   2023.8

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    Authorship:Corresponding author   Language:English  

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  • Antidumping on Tax-induced Dumping

    Hiroshi Mukunoki, Hirofumi Okoshi

    RIETI Discussion Paper Series   22-E-063   2022.7

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    Language:English  

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  • Innovation for tax avoidance: Product differentiation and the arm's length principle

    Hirofumi Okoshi

    RIETI Discussion Paper Series   E-21-038   2021.5

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    Authorship:Lead author, Corresponding author   Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)  

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  • Wake not a sleeping lion: Free trade agreements and decision rights in multinationals

    Hiroshi Mukunoki, Hirofumi Okoshi

    RIETI Discussion Paper Series   21-E-036   2021.4

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    Language:English  

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Presentations

  • Innovation for tax avoidance: Product differentiation and the arm's length principle

    Hirofumi Okoshi

    3rd Dutch Workshop on Corporate Taxation  2023.10.27 

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    Event date: 2023.10.27

    Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

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  • Antidumping on Tax-induced Dumping

    Hirofumi Okoshi

    ETSG 24th Annual conference  2023.9.16 

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    Event date: 2023.9.14 - 2023.9.16

    Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

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  • Keep your friends close and your enemies closer: Network externality and tax competition

    Hirofumi Okoshi

    IIPF 79th Annual Congres  2023.8.15 

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    Event date: 2023.8.14 - 2023.8.16

    Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

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  • Keep your friends close and your enemies closer: Network externality and tax competition

    Hirofumi Okoshi

    The KVS New Paper Sessions  2023.6.12 

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    Event date: 2023.6.12

    Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

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  • Keep your friends close and your enemies closer International conference

    Hirofumi Okoshi

    Symposium of Public Economics 2023  2023.3.24 

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    Event date: 2023.3.24

    Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

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  • Fiscal competition for FDI under foreign ownership regulation

    Hirofumi Okoshi

    Japanese Society of International Economics Kansai  2023.1.21 

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    Event date: 2023.1.21

    Language:Japanese   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

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  • Antidumping on tax-induced dumping Invited International conference

    Hirofumi Okoshi

    Korea International Economic Association Winter Conference 2022  2022.12.15 

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    Event date: 2022.12.15

    Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

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  • Quality upgrading for tax avoidance

    Hirofumi Okoshi

    80th Annual Meeting of Japan Society of International Economics  2021.10.24  Japan Society of International Economics

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    Event date: 2021.10.23 - 2021.10.24

    Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

    Venue:University of Tokyo (Online Meeting)  

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  • Quality upgrading for tax avoidance International conference

    Hirofumi Okoshi

    ETSG 22nd Annual Conference  2021.9.11  European Trade Study Group

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    Event date: 2021.9.9 - 2021.9.11

    Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

    Venue:University of Ghent  

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  • Innovation for tax avoidance: Product differentiation and the arm's length principle

    Hirofumi Okoshi

    EARIE 48th Annual Conference  2021.8.28 

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    Event date: 2021.8.27 - 2021.8.28

    Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

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  • Quality upgrading for tax avoidance International conference

    Hirofumi Okoshi

    IIPF 77th Annual Congress  2021.8.18  International Institute of Public Finance

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    Event date: 2021.8.18 - 2021.8.20

    Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

    Venue:University of Iceland  

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  • Antidumping rules and preventive transfer pricing

    Hirofumi Okoshi

    The 79th Annual Meeting of The Japan Society of International Economics  2020.10.17 

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    Event date: 2020.10.17 - 2020.10.18

    Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

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  • Tariff elimination versus tax avoidance: Free trade agreements and transfer pricing

    Hirofumi Okoshi

    76th Annual Congress of International Institute of Public Finance  2020.8.19 

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    Event date: 2020.8.18 - 2020.8.20

    Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

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  • Tariff elimination versus tax avoidance: Free trade agreements and transfer pricing International conference

    Hirofumi Okoshi

    ETSG 2019 Bern Twenty-first Annual Conference  2019.9.14  European Trade Study Group, University of Bern

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    Event date: 2019.9.12 - 2019.9.14

    Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

    Venue:University of Bern  

    This study explores the new roles of rules of origin (ROO) when multinational enterprises (MNEs) manipulate their transfer prices to avoid a high corporate tax. ROO of a free trade agreement (FTA) require exporters to identify the origin of exports to be eligible for a preferential tariff rate. The results suggest that a value-added criterion of ROO restricts MNEs’ abusive transfer pricing. Interestingly, an FTA with ROO can induce MNEs to shift profits from a low-tax country to a high-tax country. Because ROO augment tax revenues inside FTA countries, they can transform a welfare-reducing FTA into a welfare-improving FTA.

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  • Economic integration and agglomeration of multinational production with transfer pricing International conference

    Hirofumi Okoshi

    ERSA 59th Congress  2019.8.30  European Regional Science Association, University of Lyon

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    Event date: 2019.8.27 - 2019.8.30

    Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

    Venue:University of Lyon  

    Do low corporate taxes always favor multinational production in the course of economic integration? We build a two-country spatial model with different corporate tax rates in which multinational enterprises (MNEs) can manipulate transfer prices in intra-firm trade. Using transfer pricing, MNEs can shift profits between domestic production plants and foreign distribution affliates. In the beginning of integration, MNEs' plants are concentrated in the low-tax country, and in the later stage, this location pattern reverses. High taxes may favor multinational production; but it does not guarantee greater tax revenues. We also analyze tax competition between two unequal-sized countries and show that profit shifting leads to tougher competition.

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  • Innovation for tax avoidance: Product differentiation and the arm's length principle International conference

    Hirofumi Okoshi

    IIPF 75th Annual Congress  2019.8.22  International Institute of Public Finance, University of Glasgow

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    Event date: 2019.8.21 - 2019.8.23

    Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

    Venue:University of Glasgow  

    High product differentiation enhances consumers’ utility and firms’ profits but at the same time makes it difficult for tax authorities to audit MNEs’ tax avoidance strategies, as the arm’s length principle is difficult to apply. This paper combines these two aspects of product differentiation and studies the interrelation between profit shifting and product differentiation. The model shows that MNEs engage in more investment in product differentiation in the presence of profit shifting opportunities and globalization accelerates the investment. the model also show that globalization can improve welfare in a non-tax haven.

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  • Innovation for tax avoidance: Product differentiation and the arm's length principle

    Hirofumi Okoshi

    International Conference on Public Economic Theory 2019  2019.7.11  Association for Public Economic Theory , University of Strasbourg

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    Event date: 2019.7.9 - 2019.7.11

    Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

    Venue:University of Strasboug  

    High product differentiation enhances consumers’ utility and firms’ profits but at the same time makes it difficult for tax authorities to audit MNEs’ tax avoidance strategies, as the arm’s length principle is difficult to apply. This paper combines these two aspects of product differentiation and studies the interrelation between profit shifting and product differentiation. The model shows that MNEs engage in more investment in product differentiation in the presence of profit shifting opportunities and globalization accelerates the investment. the model also show that globalization can improve welfare in a non-tax haven.

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  • Economic integration and agglomeration of multinational production with transfer pricing International conference

    Hirofumi Okoshi

    The 15th Meeting of the Asia Pacific Trade Seminars  2019.6.29  Asia Pasicif Trade Seminars, University of Tokyo

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    Event date: 2019.6.29 - 2019.6.30

    Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

    Venue:University of Tokyo  

    Do low corporate taxes always favor multinational production in the course of economic integration? We build a two-country spatial model with different corporate tax rates in which multinational enterprises (MNEs) can manipulate transfer prices in intra-firm trade. Using transfer pricing, MNEs can shift profits between domestic production plants and foreign distribution affliates. In the beginning of integration, MNEs' plants are concentrated in the low-tax country, and in the later stage, this location pattern reverses. High taxes may favor multinational production; but it does not guarantee greater tax revenues. We also analyze tax competition between two unequal-sized countries and show that profit shifting leads to tougher competition.

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  • Economic integration and agglomeration of multinational production with transfer pricing International conference

    Hirofumi Okoshi

    Munich Young Economics' Meeting 2019  2019.6.13  University of Munich, GRK1928 Cohort 2016-2017

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    Event date: 2019.6.12 - 2019.6.14

    Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

    Venue:Kochek am See, Barvaria  

    Do low corporate taxes always favor multinational production in the course of economic integration? We build a two-country spatial model with different corporate tax rates in which multinational enterprises (MNEs) can manipulate transfer prices in intra-firm trade. Using transfer pricing, MNEs can shift profits between domestic production plants and foreign distribution affliates. In the beginning of integration, MNEs' plants are concentrated in the low-tax country, and in the later stage, this location pattern reverses. High taxes may favor multinational production; but it does not guarantee greater tax revenues. We also analyze tax competition between two unequal-sized countries and show that profit shifting leads to tougher competition.

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  • Economic integration and agglomeration of multinational production with transfer pricing International conference

    Hirofumi Okoshi

    European Doctral Group of Economics Jamboree  2018.9.6  University of Munich

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    Event date: 2018.9.6 - 2018.9.7

    Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

    Venue:University of Munich  

    Do low corporate taxes always favor multinational production in the course of economic integration? We build a two-country spatial model with different corporate tax rates in which multinational enterprises (MNEs) can manipulate transfer prices in intra-firm trade. Using transfer pricing, MNEs can shift profits between domestic production plants and foreign distribution affliates. In the beginning of integration, MNEs' plants are concentrated in the low-tax country, and in the later stage, this location pattern reverses. High taxes may favor multinational production; but it does not guarantee greater tax revenues. We also analyze tax competition between two unequal-sized countries and show that profit shifting leads to tougher competition.

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  • Production location of multinational firms under transfer pricing: The impact of the arm's length principle International conference

    Hirofumi Okoshi

    IIPF 74th Annual Congress  2018.8.21  International Institute of Public Finance

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    Event date: 2018.8.21 - 2018.8.23

    Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

    Venue:University of Tampere  

    When multinational enterprises (MNEs) separate the geographical location of affiliates, they can shift profits between the affiliates by manipulating intra-firm prices of inputs. We show that if the international tax difference between the parent and the host countries is large, MNEs choose to separately locate their affiliates in the two countries. We also investigate the impact of the arm’s length principle (ALP) on the location choice, which requires that the intra-firm price of inputs should be set equal to the price of similar inputs for the independent downstream firms. The ALP may change the location choice of MNEs, bringing smaller tax revenues to the host country, but greater revenues globally.

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  • Production location of multinational firms under transfer pricing: The impact of the arm's length principle International conference

    Hirofumi Okoshi

    GEP 17th Annual Postgraduate Conference  2018.4.19  University of Nottingham, Centre for Economic Policy Research, GEP

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    Event date: 2018.4.19 - 2018.4.20

    Language:English   Presentation type:Poster presentation  

    Venue:Univeresity of Nottingham  

    When multinational enterprises (MNEs) separate the geographical location of affiliates, they can shift profits between the affiliates by manipulating intra-firm prices of inputs. We show that if the international tax difference between the parent and the host countries is large, MNEs choose to separately locate their affiliates in the two countries. We also investigate the impact of the arm’s length principle (ALP) on the location choice, which requires that the intra-firm price of inputs should be set equal to the price of similar inputs for the independent downstream firms. The ALP may change the location choice of MNEs, bringing smaller tax revenues to the host country, but greater revenues globally.

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  • Wake not a sleeping lion: Free trade agreements and decision rights in multinationals Invited

    Hirofumi Okoshi

    JSIE Chubu-Kansai joint workshop  2020.12.5 

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    Language:Japanese  

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  • Tariff elimination versus tax avoidance: Free trade agreements and transfer pricing Invited

    Hirofumi Okoshi

    Workshop on International Economics  2020.2.26  Osaka University

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    Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

    Venue:Osaka University  

    This study explores the new roles of rules of origin (ROO) when multinational enterprises (MNEs) manipulate their transfer prices to avoid a high corporate tax. ROO of a free trade agreement (FTA) require exporters to identify the origin of exports to be eligible for a preferential tariff rate. The results suggest that a value-added criterion of ROO restricts MNEs’ abusive transfer pricing. Interestingly, an FTA with ROO can induce MNEs to shift profits from a low-tax country to a high-tax country. Because ROO augment tax revenues inside FTA countries, they can transform a welfare-reducing FTA into a welfare-improving FTA.

    researchmap

  • Innovation for tax avoidance: Product differentiation and the arm's length principle

    Hirofumi Okoshi

    Japanese Society of International Economics Kanto  2019.12.21  Japan Society of International Economics Kanto

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    Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

    Venue:Nihon University  

    High product differentiation enhances consumers’ utility and firms’ profits but at the same time makes it difficult for tax authorities to audit MNEs’ tax avoidance strategies, as the arm’s length principle is difficult to apply. This paper combines these two aspects of product differentiation and studies the interrelation between profit shifting and product differentiation. The model shows that MNEs engage in more investment in product differentiation in the presence of profit shifting opportunities and globalization accelerates the investment. the model also show that globalization can improve welfare in a non-tax haven.

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  • Tariff elimination versus tax avoidance: Free trade agreements and transfer pricing Invited International conference

    Hirofumi Okoshi

    Summer Workshop on Economic Theory (International Economics)  2019.8.4  Otaru University of Commerce

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    Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

    Venue:Otaru University of Commerce Sapporo Satellite  

    This study explores the new roles of rules of origin (ROO) when multinational enterprises (MNEs) manipulate their transfer prices to avoid a high corporate tax. ROO of a free trade agreement (FTA) require exporters to identify the origin of exports to be eligible for a preferential tariff rate. The results suggest that a value-added criterion of ROO restricts MNEs’ abusive transfer pricing. Interestingly, an FTA with ROO can induce MNEs to shift profits from a low-tax country to a high-tax country. Because ROO augment tax revenues inside FTA countries, they can transform a welfare-reducing FTA into a welfare-improving FTA.

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  • Tariff elimination versus tax avoidance: Free trade agreements and transfer pricing

    Hirofumi Okoshi

    Public Economics Ph.D. Seminar  2019.7.23  University of Munich

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    Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

    Venue:University of Munich  

    This study explores the new roles of rules of origin (ROO) when multinational enterprises (MNEs) manipulate their transfer prices to avoid a high corporate tax. ROO of a free trade agreement (FTA) require exporters to identify the origin of exports to be eligible for a preferential tariff rate. The results suggest that a value-added criterion of ROO restricts MNEs’ abusive transfer pricing. Interestingly, an FTA with ROO can induce MNEs to shift profits from a low-tax country to a high-tax country. Because ROO augment tax revenues inside FTA countries, they can transform a welfare-reducing FTA into a welfare-improving FTA.

    researchmap

  • Innovation for tax avoidance: Production differentiation and the arm's length principle

    Hirofumi Okoshi

    International Trade and Investment Workshop  2019.7.4  Hitotsubashi University

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    Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

    Venue:Hitotsubashi University  

    High product differentiation enhances consumers’ utility and firms’ profits but at the same time makes it difficult for tax authorities to audit MNEs’ tax avoidance strategies, as the arm’s length principle is difficult to apply. This paper combines these two aspects of product differentiation and studies the interrelation between profit shifting and product differentiation. The model shows that MNEs engage in more investment in product differentiation in the presence of profit shifting opportunities and globalization accelerates the investment. the model also show that globalization can improve welfare in a non-tax haven.

    researchmap

  • Innovation for tax avoidance: Product differentiation and the arm's length principle

    Hirofumi Okoshi

    Public Economics Ph.D. Seminar  2019.2.5  University of Munich

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    Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

    Venue:University of Munich  

    High product differentiation enhances consumers’ utility and firms’ profits but at the same time makes it difficult for tax authorities to audit MNEs’ tax avoidance strategies, as the arm’s length principle is difficult to apply. This paper combines these two aspects of product differentiation and studies the interrelation between profit shifting and product differentiation. The model shows that MNEs engage in more investment in product differentiation in the presence of profit shifting opportunities and globalization accelerates the investment. the model also show that globalization can improve welfare in a non-tax haven.

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  • Tax havens and cross-border licensing

    Hirofumi Okoshi

    Public Economics Ph.D. Seminar  2019.1.20  University of Munich

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    Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

    Venue:University of Munich  

    Multinational enterprises (MNEs) are incentivized to use transfer pricing in tax planning when corporate tax rates differ in different countries. The incentive is stronger when MNEs own intangible assets which can easily be shifted across countries. To mitigate such strategic avoidance of tax payments, the OECD proposed the arm's length principle (ALP). This paper investigates how the ALP affects MNEs' licensing strategies and welfare in the presence of a tax haven. We specifically deal with two methods of the ALP: the comparable uncontrolled price method and the transactional net margin method. The ALP may distort MNEs' licensing decisions, because providing a license to unrelated firms restricts the MNE's profit-shifting opportunities due to the emergence of comparable transactions. In particular, the avoidance of licensing in the presence of the ALP may worsen domestic welfare if the licensee and the MNE’s subsidiary do not compete in the domestic market, but may improve welfare if they compete.

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  • Production location of multinational firms under transfer pricing: The impact of the arm's length principle

    Hirofumi Okoshi

    CES ifo Public Economic Seminar  2018.6.7  University of Munich

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    Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

    Venue:University of Munich  

    When multinational enterprises (MNEs) separate the geographical location of affiliates, they can shift profits between the affiliates by manipulating intra-firm prices of inputs. We show that if the international tax difference between the parent and the host countries is large, MNEs choose to separately locate their affiliates in the two countries. We also investigate the impact of the arm’s length principle (ALP) on the location choice, which requires that the intra-firm price of inputs should be set equal to the price of similar inputs for the independent downstream firms. The ALP may change the location choice of MNEs, bringing smaller tax revenues to the host country, but greater revenues globally.

    researchmap

  • Economic integration and agglomeration of multinational production with transfer pricing

    Hirofumi Okoshi

    CES ifo Public Economic Seminar  2018.2.1  University of Munich

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    Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

    Venue:University of Munich  

    Do low corporate taxes always favor multinational production in the course of economic integration? We build a two-country spatial model with different corporate tax rates in which multinational enterprises (MNEs) can manipulate transfer prices in intra-firm trade. Using transfer pricing, MNEs can shift profits between domestic production plants and foreign distribution affliates. In the beginning of integration, MNEs' plants are concentrated in the low-tax country, and in the later stage, this location pattern reverses. High taxes may favor multinational production; but it does not guarantee greater tax revenues. We also analyze tax competition between two unequal-sized countries and show that profit shifting leads to tougher competition.

    researchmap

  • Production location of multinational firms under transfer pricing: The impact of the arm's length principle

    Hirofumi Okoshi

    Japanese Society of International Economics Kanto  2017.5.20  Japanese Society of International Economics Kanto

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    Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

    Venue:Nihon University  

    When multinational enterprises (MNEs) separate the geographical location of affiliates, they can shift profits between the affiliates by manipulating intra-firm prices of inputs. We show that if the international tax difference between the parent and the host countries is large, MNEs choose to separately locate their affiliates in the two countries. We also investigate the impact of the arm’s length principle (ALP) on the location choice, which requires that the intra-firm price of inputs should be set equal to the price of similar inputs for the independent downstream firms. The ALP may change the location choice of MNEs, bringing smaller tax revenues to the host country, but greater revenues globally.

    researchmap

  • Production location of multinational firms under transfer pricing: The impact of the arm's length principle International conference

    Hirofumi Okoshi

    Hitotsubashi-Sogang Trade Workshop  2017.2.22  Hitotsubashi University, Sogang University

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    Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

    Venue:Hitotsubashi University  

    When multinational enterprises (MNEs) separate the geographical location of affiliates, they can shift profits between the affiliates by manipulating intra-firm prices of inputs. We show that if the international tax difference between the parent and the host countries is large, MNEs choose to separately locate their affiliates in the two countries. We also investigate the impact of the arm’s length principle (ALP) on the location choice, which requires that the intra-firm price of inputs should be set equal to the price of similar inputs for the independent downstream firms. The ALP may change the location choice of MNEs, bringing smaller tax revenues to the host country, but greater revenues globally.

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Research Projects

  • International Trade and Trade Policies in Two-sided Markets

    Grant number:23K01357  2023.04 - 2026.03

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

    Hiroshi Mukunoki, Hirofumi Okoshi

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    Authorship:Coinvestigator(s) 

    Grant amount:\4810000 ( Direct expense: \3700000 、 Indirect expense:\1110000 )

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  • Multinationals' motives of research and development for tax avoidance: From the perspectives of international tax policies

    2023.02 - 2025.02

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Overseas Research Fellowships  Overseas Research Fellowships

    Hirofumi Okoshi

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    Authorship:Principal investigator 

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  • Analysises on Tax Competition under Diversified Economic Integration: Interlink between Economic Integration

    Grant number:22K13390  2022.04 - 2026.03

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists  Grant-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists

    Hirofumi Okoshi

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    Authorship:Principal investigator 

    Grant amount:\4550000 ( Direct expense: \3500000 、 Indirect expense:\1050000 )

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  • 多国籍企業の行動と課税に関する理論・実証分析

    Grant number:22H00855  2022.04 - 2026.03

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(B)  基盤研究(B)

    西村 幸浩, 森田 薫夫, 清田 耕造, 長谷川 誠, 高松 慶裕, 大越 裕史

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    Grant amount:\16770000 ( Direct expense: \12900000 、 Indirect expense:\3870000 )

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  • Analyses on Multinationals' Tax Avoidance and the Arm's Length Principle: Viewpoints from Product Differentiation

    Grant number:20K22122  2020.09 - 2022.03

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Research Activity Start-up  Grant-in-Aid for Research Activity Start-up

    大越 裕史

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    Grant amount:\2730000 ( Direct expense: \2100000 、 Indirect expense:\630000 )

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  • Studies on the interaction between transfer pricing of multinationals and trade policies

    Grant number:20K01659  2020.04 - 2023.03

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

    椋 寛

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    Grant amount:\4420000 ( Direct expense: \3400000 、 Indirect expense:\1020000 )

    研究2年度目となる今年度は、昨年度までに実施した研究の精緻化を実施するとともに、多国籍企業の移転価格設定と貿易政策に関する新たな研究を実施した。
    まず、昨年度から継続している「原産地規則の付加価値基準と多国籍企業の移転価格設定」に関しては、消費者余剰の変化に関する条件を明確化するなどの改訂を実施した。同論文は公共経済の分野で評価が高い学術誌であるInternational Tax and Public Finance誌に掲載が受理され、既に出版されている。
    また、同じく昨年度より継続している「自由貿易協定の締結による生産立地移転と権限移譲が多国籍企業の法人税回避に与える影響」に関する分析について、厚生効果をより精緻化しつつその頑健性を確認するなどの改訂を行った。同論文は国際学会(APTS 2021)で報告され、現在、国際学術誌に投稿中である。
    さらに、企業内取引価格がしばしば輸入国のアンチダンピング措置の対象になることに注目し、企業内取引価格に対するアンチダンピングが、多国籍企業の法人税回避行動と各国の厚生に与える影響について、新たに分析を行った。具体的には、輸入国政府が国内企業の利潤を重視してアンチダンピング措置の決定を行う時、(法人税が高い)輸出国における移転価格に対する取り締まりの強化は、アンチダンピング措置の発動を誘発する可能性があることが明らかになった。アンチダンピング措置は多国籍企業の利潤を下げるものの、輸出国の法人税収を高め、また消費者余剰を上昇させるため、厚生を改善する。しかし、アンチダンピング措置が発動されている状態でさらに移転価格の取り締まりを強化すると、輸出国の厚生はかえって低下するおそれがあることが明らかになった。

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