Research Projects -
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ポスト・ヒューマン時代の〈人間経済〉:アジア、アフリカ、オセアニアからの再構築
Grant number:24H00128 2024.04 - 2029.03
日本学術振興会 科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(A)
佐久間 寛, 中山 智香子, 寺内 大左, 山本 真鳥, 酒井 隆史, 河野 正治, 松村 圭一郎, 小川 さやか, 佐川 徹, 深田 淳太郎, 箕曲 在弘, 生駒 美樹
Grant amount:\47190000 ( Direct expense: \36300000 、 Indirect expense:\10890000 )
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Collaborative Research on the Life Course of Ethiopian Migrant Women as Care Workers in Europe.
Grant number:20KK0264 2022 - 2024
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Fund for the Promotion of Joint International Research (Fostering Joint International Research (A))
松村 圭一郎
Grant amount:\7410000 ( Direct expense: \5700000 、 Indirect expense:\1710000 )
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エチオピア人出稼ぎ・難民女性の生活実践にみる「人間の経済」に関する人類学的研究
Grant number:19K01199 2019.04 - 2024.03
日本学術振興会 科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(C) 基盤研究(C)
松村 圭一郎
Authorship:Principal investigator
Grant amount:\4160000 ( Direct expense: \3200000 、 Indirect expense:\960000 )
本研究は、エチオピアから中東やヨーロッパへの出稼ぎ民/難民の実証研究をとおして、グローバルな人の移動が急速に拡大し、市場の論理による経済システムが世界を覆うなかで、いかに「人間の経済」の領域が存立しうるのかという問いを考察する。
初年度である2019年度は、移民・難民に関する人類学などの研究文献の収集と整理を中心に研究を実施した。さらに「人間の経済」を考察するための準備作業として、富を分配するという平等主義的な概念を人類進化の射程からとらえなおす論考を刊行した。こうした問題意識を共有する経済人類学や政治人類学の専門家と、執筆した論考をもとに議論を行い、今後の研究の課題を把握した。
なお、3月にエチオピア農村での現地調査を予定していたものの、新型コロナウイルスの影響で海外渡航が制限されるなかで、エチオピアでの現地調査は断念した。そのため、渡航費のために用意していた経費は翌年度に繰越し、状況が改善したときに現地調査に着手する予定である。 -
負債の動態をめぐる比較民族誌的研究:アジア・アフリカ・オセアニア農村社会を中心に
Grant number:19H01388 2019.04 - 2024.03
日本学術振興会 科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(B) 基盤研究(B)
佐久間 寛, 中山 智香子, 酒井 隆史, 河野 正治, 松村 圭一郎, 深田 淳太郎, 箕曲 在弘, 生駒 美樹
Authorship:Coinvestigator(s)
Grant amount:\17030000 ( Direct expense: \13100000 、 Indirect expense:\3930000 )
6月30日に第1回研究会を開催し、研究代表者である佐久間からの趣旨説明と、研究分担者および研究協力者の所信表明により問題関心の共有を図った。その後研究代表者および研究分担者は、おのおののフィールドで実地調査を実施した。また、あらたに本研究にくわわった若手研究者2名の実地調査を資金的にサポートした。これらの成果をふまえ年度末に研究会を実施する予定であったが、防疫上の観点から延期とした。
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The World System and Oikonomia: Investigation of thoughts on money in the interwar period in the ecological and anthropological perspectives
Grant number:18H00619 2018.04 - 2021.03
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
Nakayama Chikako
Authorship:Coinvestigator(s)
Grant amount:\9100000 ( Direct expense: \7000000 、 Indirect expense:\2100000 )
This joint research has been made on the assumption that the thoughts on money in the interwar period have then been considered in ecology and anthropology and have given considerable impact on our present world. Hence we have taken pluralistic and interdisciplinary approach to this theme. As to the relation to ecology, we have examined the idea of regional and virtual currencies in nature's economy to clarify the connection between human society and its ecological, natural value. Then it has turned out important to relativize the state and sovereignty. As to the relation to anthropology, we have examined the concepts of debt and measure of payments by Polanyi, Graeber, etc. which include that of money. Then it has turned out that these concepts give much theoretical and historical implication, also for the understanding of the aspect of financialization in the neoliberal thoughts until recently.
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Economic Anthropology of Aid and Investment: Analysis of Market and Non-Market Flow of Food Resources in Ethiopia
Grant number:26300035 2014.04 - 2019.03
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
MATSUMURA Keiichiro
Grant amount:\16250000 ( Direct expense: \12500000 、 Indirect expense:\3750000 )
In Ethiopia, while nearly 10 million people depend on food assistance from international donors, the government is encouraging agribusiness firms to build commercial farms for export crops by displacing local people. Through an extensive food aid program that was initiated in 2005, about 7.6 million registered beneficiaries have continually received food and/or cash. During the same period in the last decade, both live animal and meat export has quadrupled, and the government has leased more than 3.6 million hectares of land to investors to build commercial farms for producing export crops. Our ethnographic studies analyze these market and non-market entanglements, and suggest that anthropological knowledge of its globalized link emerged on the peripheries of Ethiopia would encourage a critical reconsideration of what “globalized economy” means.
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Research on women's roles in rural society and state formation of Contemporary Ethiopia
Grant number:26300036 2014.04 - 2017.03
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
ISHIHARA Minako, MATSUNAMI Yasuo, OTSUBO Reiko
Authorship:Coinvestigator(s)
Grant amount:\10010000 ( Direct expense: \7700000 、 Indirect expense:\2310000 )
This study focuses on the political, social and religious roles of rural women in contemporary Ethiopia, taking an anthropological approach. Despite the cultural and religious diversity, Ethiopian societies shared a common feature of patriarchism. Women's rights and gender issues were regarded secondary not only inside the household and community, but also by policy-makers. The political changes brought about by the present EPRDF regime changed the tide and gender issues came to the fore, opening up opportunities for women to join the society not only as housewives and employed maids but as students, social workers, and politicians, occupations hitherto occupied by men. However, our research, the outcome of which was published in "Women of Contemporary Ethiopia"(2017, Akashi-shoten) reveals many issues remaining that need political and social attention.
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Grant number:25300049 2013.04 - 2018.03
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
Miyawaki Yukio
Authorship:Coinvestigator(s)
Grant amount:\17030000 ( Direct expense: \13100000 、 Indirect expense:\3930000 )
This study investigated the influence of “Civil Society Organization Law” put into effect in 2009 to regulate the activities of NGOs in Ethiopia by considering the social background of Ethiopian politics in 2000s and global context of NGO boom in developing countries since 1990s. This study also demonstrated that the activities and strategies of NGOs and CBOs in Ethiopia differed according to the political relationship with the government through the case studies carried out in Tigray, Amhara, Oromia and SNNP regions.
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Grant number:24251017 2012.04 - 2016.03
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A) Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
Morita Atsuro, KIMURA Shuhei, NAKAGAWA Osamu, OMURA Keiichi, MATSUMURA Keiichiro, Ishii Miho
Authorship:Coinvestigator(s)
Grant amount:\33410000 ( Direct expense: \25700000 、 Indirect expense:\7710000 )
The project aims at exploring complex interfaces between infrastructure and environment in proliferating international attempts to achieve sustainable management of global environmental changes. The range of our empirical studies varies from water management projects in Thailand, to waste treatment in Phnom Penh, the construction of an indigenous knowledge database in India, and the reconstruction of the areas affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake. The project focuses on interactions between local environment and communities and a variety infrastructures, from information infrastructures, such as dikes and petrochemical complexes, to information infrastructure, such as databases and simulation models. The outcomes of the project have been published in an edited volume, three special issues of international journals and a number of articles and presentations.
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Anthropological Study on Public Spheres of Religious Communities in Ethiopia
Grant number:23401047 2011.04 - 2014.03
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
ISHIHARA Minako, MIYAWAKI Yukio, TAGAWA Gen, FUJIMOTO Takeshi, MASUDA Ken, MATSUMURA Keiichiro, SAGAWA Toru, YOSHIDA Sayuri, MATSUNAMI Yasuo
Authorship:Coinvestigator(s)
Grant amount:\14170000 ( Direct expense: \10900000 、 Indirect expense:\3270000 )
This study focuses on how religion and religious activities are becoming central in the private and public lives of Ethiopians, and how they provide alternative options for the Ethiopians to form personal networks outside their local, ethnic or regional communities, under a federal regime which attempts to maintain its control on the society by a divide-and-rule system. The project consists of anthropologists conducting research mainly in southern Ethiopia, where "pagans (non-Christian, non-Muslim)" predominate. On the one hand, under the current globalization, new trends are being introduced in Christianity and Islam, instigating conflict, and on the other hand, indigenous folk religion and veneration of spiritual beings are both reviving and proliferating.
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開発援助の経済人類学的研究:エチオピアとザンビアの食糧援助プロジェクトの事例から
2010.04 - 2014.03
日本学術振興会 若手研究(B)
Authorship:Principal investigator Grant type:Competitive
アフリカ諸国では、近年、世銀や国連などのイニシアティブのもとで、食糧危機に対応する大規模な開発援助のプロジェクトが進められている。本研究は、エチオピアとザンビアという政治・経済的文脈の異なる2カ国を対象として、政府や国連機関による食糧援助政策を経済人類学的な視点から解明することを目的とする。現代アフリカで進行するグローバルな開発政策の実証研究にもとづいて、開発援助に関する人類学理論の構築を目指す。
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エチオピアにおける食糧安全保障政策と農村社会の再編成
2009.08 - 2010.03
京都大学教育研究振興財団助成事業・長期派遣
Authorship:Principal investigator Grant type:Competitive
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Grant number:20401046 2008 - 2011
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
MIYAWAKI Yukio, ISHIHARA Minako, SAGAWA Toru, TAGAWA Gen, FUJIMOTO Takeshi, MAKI Momoka, MASUDA Ken, MATSUDA Hiroshi, MATSUMURA Keiichiro
Grant amount:\16510000 ( Direct expense: \12700000 、 Indirect expense:\3810000 )
The results of this research are summarized as follows ; in Ethiopia,(1) various agents such as the government, international and local NGOs, and entrepreneurs concern development projects, which in previous regimes had been dominated only by the government.(2) the government has close relationship with some NGOs and utilize them as a tool of political domination.(3) in the areas where development projects have been carried out, local groups have been influenced and restructured in various ways such as participation and absorption of local populations, split and opposition of local groups, and antagonism and ethnic conflict according to the social conditions under which they have been placed.
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Evolutionary Anthropology of Conflicts and Resolution
Grant number:19107007 2007 - 2011
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S) Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S)
YAMAGIWA Juichi, NAKAGAWA Naofumi, KIMURA Daiji, NAKATSUKASA Masato, NAKAMURA Michio, MATSUMURA Keiichiro, HASHIMOTO Chie, OGIHARA Naomichi, FUJITA Shiho, ICHIKAWA Mitsuo
Authorship:Coinvestigator(s)
Grant amount:\96200000 ( Direct expense: \74000000 、 Indirect expense:\22200000 )
In order to elucidate evolutionary history of human conflicts over natural and social resources and to argue its solution, we have made three different approaches(primatology, ecological anthropology and prehistory). Our results suggest that hominines have developed omnivorous diet and slow life history through conflicts with sympatric cercopithecines during Miocene, and that hominines have promoted unique ownership and sharing methods of resources, by reducing influences from food conditions and competition among males. We proposed resolution of conflicts considering both human evolutionary trends and cultural variations
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Land Policy and Land-Use Practice in Post-Socialist Ethiopia
Grant number:18720241 2006 - 2008
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B) Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B)
MATSUMURA Keiichiro
Authorship:Principal investigator
Grant amount:\3210000 ( Direct expense: \3000000 、 Indirect expense:\210000 )
エチオピアの土地政策をめぐる文書資料からは、土地の私有化を求める議論がなされてきた一方で、その弊害を主張する議論も多く、コミュニティの管理を基本とした土地政策を進める穏健的な政策が支持されてきたことがわかった。また、アーカイブ調査からは、90年代後半から実施されている土地測量・土地登記といった土地政策が、50年代、60年代に進められてきた土地政策の延長線上にあることがわかった。90年代以降の土地利用実践に関する調査からは、低湿地部分に残されていた未利用地のほとんどが分割され、未利用の土地がほぼ消失したことがわかった。また、未利用地の消滅と人口増加という状況が、アラブ諸国への出稼ぎ増加につながっている可能性もみえてきた。3年間の研究をとおして、土地不足や人口増加、コーヒー栽培の不安定化などを背景に農村部から海外への出稼ぎが急増するなどグローバルな変化が起きている状況が明らかになった。
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資源開発をめぐる民族と国家の動態:エチオピア西部でのコーヒー栽培の拡大過程から
Grant number:02J01899 2002 - 2004
日本学術振興会 科学研究費助成事業 特別研究員奨励費 特別研究員奨励費
松村 圭一郎
Authorship:Principal investigator
Grant amount:\3000000 ( Direct expense: \3000000 )
本研究の目的は、エチオピア西部のコーヒー栽培地帯をおもな調査地として、農業資源開発の浸透にともなう民族と国家との動態的関係を明らかにすることである。
最終年度である平成16年度は、これまでの現地調査によって収集したデータと研究発表を通して分析を深めてきた成果をもとに、コーヒー栽培が浸透していく過程で生態環境や民族関係・経済活動にどのような変化が起きてきたのかを他のアフリカ社会の事例や人類学的な先行研究との比較分析のなかで検討を進めた。とくに、資源の所有と分配という視点からアフリカにおける農耕民研究や狩猟採集民研究、人類学における土地所有に関する研究をふまえて、商品作物栽培という農業資源開発の進展がどのような社会変容をもたらしたのか考察を行った。
その結果、エチオピアのコーヒー栽培農村では、現金の流入を背景として、土地から生み出された富に「分配される富」と「独占される富」というふたつの経済領域が生じているという分析を提示した。しかも同じ作物であっても、その種類や文脈に応じて異なる社会的意味を担っており、市場経済に取り込まれながらも、なお富の分配が「商品生産」との相対的な位置を占めていることを見出した。また、コーヒー栽培の拡大とともに多様な民族集団が移り住むようになり、農村が複合的な他民族社会に変化してきたことで、呪術の興隆やそれにともなう富の分配の活性化という現象が明らかになった。
これらの研究成果は、今後、グローバリゼーションの進行にともなう社会変容や民族間関係の変化を考察するうえでも、今後ますます重要となるものであり、さらなる研究の進展が求められる。