Papers - KAZAWA KANA

Efficacy of human–robot interaction on local residents Reviewed

Kuroishi H., Kikuchi S., Kazawa K.

Geriatrics & Gerontology International   2025.6

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Authorship：Last author,　Corresponding author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Wiley  

File： Geriatrics Gerontology Int - 2025 - Kuroishi - Efficacy of human robot interaction on local residents.pdf

DOI： 10.1111/ggi.70114

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COVID-19感染拡大が日本看護科学学会会員の研究活動に与えた影響：COVID-19看護研究等対策委員会の活動成果から考える研究・学術推進

吉永尚紀, 須釜淳子, 加澤佳奈, 池田真理, 新福洋子, 田中マキ子, 友滝愛, 仲上豪二朗, 深堀浩樹, 横田慎一郎

45   1891 - 199   2025.6

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高齢者の健康状態を多角的に評価する尺度に関するスコーピングレビュー

加澤佳奈, 雫石英里, 前田(澤田, 和可子, 大河内二郎, 浜田将太, 小林美亜, 石井伸弥

地域ケアリング   27 ( 3 )   61 - 67   2025.2

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Efficacy of extracting and preventively intervening late-stage older adults who are at high risk for spending high medical costs by using the health check-up system in Japan: A pilot study. Frontiers in Public Health Reviewed International journal

Kazawa K., Kawai, M., Moriyama M.

12   1434800   2024.11

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DOI： 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1434800

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Evaluate a comprehensive geriatric assessment service framework targeting frail older people who had high risk of requiring long-term care services in Japan: a community-based pilot study. Reviewed International journal

Sato K, Ehsanul Huq KATM, Kazawa K, Kawai M, Moriyama M

BMC geriatrics   24 ( 1 )   645 - 645   2024.8

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BACKGROUND: Frailty has become a key concern in an aging population. A comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) service framework was developed and evaluated aiming to target and connect frail older adults who are at high risk of requiring long-term care services. METHODS: A community-based pilot study was conducted in fiscal year 2016 and 2017 in Kure city, Hiroshima, Japan. Participants aged 65 and over living in Kure city, and 393 persons were extracted from the Kihon Check List (KCL) responses. Among the eligible individuals, 101 consented to participate and received CGA and referred to services based on individual health needs. The efficacy was evaluated by referral rate of services, continuity of the service usage, evaluation of participant's health condition and the quality of life (QoL) after the 6-month follow-up. RESULTS: Ninety-nine (98.0%) participants needed support for the instrumental activity of daily living, 97 (96.0%) were categorized as locomotive syndrome, and 64 (63.4%) had a depressive tendency. Afterward, 60 participants (59.4%) subsequently accepted the referral services, however, 34 (33.7%) used the services and the remaining 26 (25.7%) did not use the services. The health condition improvements in the service-uses group were statistically significant (p < 0.001), however, QoL score did not change between the baseline and 6th -month. CONCLUSION: KCL extracted high-risks older people, and CGA revealed related diseases and health conditions. However, the high refusal rate of referral services indicates a necessity to modify the service framework such as by collaborating with community general support centers, which could increase the efficacy of service framework.

DOI： 10.1186/s12877-024-05200-0

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COVID-19拡大状況下における看護系大学教員の研究活動上の肯定的変化と関連要因の探索的検討：Web調査の自由記述の質的内容分析 Reviewed

原あずみ, 池田真理, 深堀浩樹, 加澤佳奈, 吉永尚紀

日本看護科学会誌   44   442 - 451   2024

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Changes in research activity and obstructive factors among nursing researchers during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal study Reviewed

Kazawa K, Yoshinaga N, Tomotaki A, Yokota S, Nakagami G, Fukahori H, Shimpuku Y, Ikeda M, Tanaka M, Sugama J

Journal of International Nursing Research   e2023-0039   2024

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Factors Influencing Self-Management Behaviors Among Patients with Post-Kidney Transplantation: A Qualitative Study of the Chronic Phase Transition Reviewed

Matsumura N., Mizukawa M., Sato K., Hashino A., Kazawa K., Naka M., Ehsanul Huq KATM, Moriyama M.

Healthcare   12 ( 22 )   2024

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Changing trends in health orientation among older adults: A scoping review. Reviewed

Kana Kazawa, Wakako Maeda-Sawada, Eri Shizukuishi, Shota Hamada, Mia Kobayashi, Jiro Okochi, Shinya Ishii

Geriatrics & gerontology international   2023.12

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Older people's health condition is not uniform, and the components of their health are interrelated. Concepts regarding the health of older people have emerged and changed over time. However, the transition of concepts and influencing factors are not well examined through research. We have conducted a scoping review of the changes over time in the concept of health for older people and the factors influencing these changes. The public websites of international organizations and academic societies related to older people's health and research paper database were searched, and the extracted data were summarized in a chronological table. Consequently, this study revealed changing trends in health orientation after health had been defined by WHO, namely, successful aging, productive aging, active aging, and healthy aging, and their components, not the concept of health. The emergence and changes of health orientation among older people may have accompanied proposals and measures of international organizations and academic societies developed in response to changes in the demographic structure, and changes in how society perceives and supports older people. With the changing eras that bring about advances in health technology, prolongation of life expectancy, and changes in lifestyles, the needs of older people, society's perceptions of aging and older people, and how to support them will also change. Our findings may provide a valuable basis for understanding aging and older people, reconsidering their health orientation based on the health issues of older people and their significance, and formulating policies for older people in the future. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; ••: ••-••.

DOI： 10.1111/ggi.14766

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Spatially heterogeneous associations between the built environment and objective health outcomes in Japanese cities. Reviewed International journal

Shuangjin Li, Junyi Zhang, Michiko Moriyama, Kana Kazawa

International journal of environmental health research   33 ( 12 )   1205 - 1217   2023.12

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The built environment is a structural determinant of health. Here we reveal spatially heterogeneous associations of built environment indicators with objective health outcomes (morbidity) by combining a random forest (RF) approach and a multiscale geographically weighted (MGWR) regression method. Using data from six Japanese cities, we found that the ratio of morbidity has obvious spatial agglomerations. The mixed land-use diversity with 1000 m buffer, distance to hospital, proportion of park area with 300 m buffer, and house price with 2000 m buffer, negatively affect health outcomes at all locations. For most locations, high PM2.5 or high floor area ratio with 2000 m buffer are linked to a high ratio of morbidity. Our findings support the use of such data for long-term urban and health planning. We expect our study to be a starting point for further research on spatially heterogeneous associations of the built environment with comprehensive health outcomes.

DOI： 10.1080/09603123.2022.2083086

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Future direction of geriatric care service provision system for dementia that can respond to infectious diseases. Reviewed

Kana Kazawa, Tatsuhiko Kubo, Masahiro Akishita, Shinya Ishii

Geriatrics & gerontology international   23 ( 6 )   458 - 459   2023.6

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DOI： 10.1111/ggi.14592

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Development, reliability, and validity of a self-assessment scale for dementia care management. Reviewed International journal

Kana Kazawa, Mariko Mochizuki, Hiroyuki Ochikubo, Shinya Ishii

Psychogeriatrics : the official journal of the Japanese Psychogeriatric Society   23 ( 2 )   345 - 353   2023.3

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BACKGROUND: This study aimed to develop a self-assessment scale for care management of people with dementia and examine its reliability and validity. METHODS: Based on Bloom's Taxonomy, previous research, and experts' opinions on dementia and care management, a scale consisting of 18 items was developed to assess care managers' attitudes, knowledge, and skills in their management of people with dementia. To examine the scale's reliability and validity, data were collected from 638 care managers. Construct validity using exploratory factor analysis, known-group validity, and internal consistency reliability of the scale were evaluated. RESULTS: Exploratory factor analysis supported the construct validity with a four-factor model and explained 59.1% of the total variance. Following were the four factors: Factor I 'Person centred care'; Factor II 'Understanding of disease characteristics, treatment and care'; Factor III 'Understanding of people with dementia and care management according to their characteristics'; and Factor IV 'Utilization of local resources surrounding people with dementia'. Regarding the known-group validity, results showed that the group with a qualified chief care manager scored significantly higher than the group without one on Factors I (P = 0.013) and III (P = 0.026). Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the 18 items was 0.928. CONCLUSIONS: The findings prove that the scale has acceptable reliability and validity, and can help care managers reflect on their practice. Future research is desirable to measure the validation of change in the scale.

DOI： 10.1111/psyg.12937

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Geriatric care facilities' concerns regarding hospital admission of infected residents with dementia or transport for admission in the COVID ‐19 pandemic Reviewed

Kana Kazawa, Tatsuhiko Kubo, Masahiro Akishita, Shinya Ishii

Geriatrics & Gerontology International   2022.12

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DOI： 10.1111/ggi.14499

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Restrictions on visits and outings in geriatric care facilities during the COVID ‐19 pandemic Reviewed

Kana Kazawa, Tatsuhiko Kubo, Masahiro Akishita, Shinya Ishii

Geriatrics & Gerontology International   2022.11

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DOI： 10.1111/ggi.14484

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Long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on facility- and home-dwelling people with dementia: Perspectives from professionals involved in dementia care Reviewed

Geriatr Gerontol Int   22 ( 10 )   832 - 838   2022.9

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Development of a predictive model using the Kihon Checklist for older adults at risk of needing long-term care based on cohort data of 19 months Reviewed International coauthorship

Sato, Kanae, Ishii, Shinya, Moriyama, Michiko, Zhang, Junyi, Kazawa, Kana

GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY INTERNATIONAL   22 ( 9 )   797 - 802   2022.9

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Aim This study developed a risk scoring tool and examined its applicability using data from the Kihon Checklist cohort dataset for 19 months to predict the transition from no certification for long-term care to long-term care level 3 or above. Methods Data were collected from 26 357 functionally independent, community-dwelling older adults in a Japanese city who answered the Checklist in 2014 and were followed for 19 months. Individuals certified for long-term care during the follow-up period were classified into three levels depending on their certification status: low, moderate, and high long-term care levels. Relationships between the Kihon Checklist domains and high long-term care levels were examined using the logistic regression model. A score chart predicting incidents of high long-term care levels was created to facilitate its applicability. Results As of 2016, 971 participants were certified for long-term care (3.7%), of which 168 (0.6%), 357 (1.4%), and 446 (1.7%) were certified as high, moderate, and low long-term care levels, respectively. Variables associated with the certification of high long-term care level included difficulties in activities of daily living, a decline in locomotor and cognitive function in the Kihon Checklist domains, and age. The score chart was created based on these variables and demonstrated excellent discriminatory ability, with an area under curve of 0.817 (95% confidence interval: 0.785-0.849). Conclusions The Kihon Checklist can predict the future development of a high degree of dependency. The score chart we developed can be easily implemented to identify older adults at high risk with reasonable accuracy. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; center dot center dot: center dot center dot-center dot center dot.

DOI： 10.1111/ggi.14456

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Factors Affecting Employees Work Engagement in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises Reviewed International coauthorship

Li, Weng, Jahan, Yasmin, Kawai, Madoka, Fukushima, Yasuko, Kazawa, Kana, Moriyama, Michiko

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH   19 ( 17 )   2022.9

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MDPI  

Background: Improving the labor productivity of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is essential because of the aging population and predicted reduction in the labor force. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that employees are in good health to work for long times. In this regard, the purpose of the study is to investigate the relationship between work engagement (WE) and related variables among SME employees. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using the baseline data of the prospective cohort study, which included 377 employees from three SMEs headquartered in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. Results: A multiple regression analysis was performed to see the associations between Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) scores and other variables. Significant associations were found with job satisfaction, age, health literacy (HL), and quality of sleep (all, p < 0.05). Additionally, there was a statistically significant difference observed in WE, quality of sleep, concern for own body, job satisfaction, and family life satisfaction (all, p < 0.001) with respect to high and low HL levels. Conclusions: The results of this study reveal that while implementing health and productivity management in SMEs to increase WE, it is best to concentrate on raising HL, job satisfaction, and sleep quality. To increase generalizability, further research could be conducted with more SMEs companies.

DOI： 10.3390/ijerph191710702

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Efficacy of care manager-led support for family caregivers of people with dementia during the COVID-19 pandemic: a randomized controlled study Reviewed

Kazawa, Kana, Kubo, Tatsuhiko, Ohge, Hiroki, Ishii, Shinya

BMC GERIATRICS   22 ( 1 )   2022.8

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Background A prolonged COVID-19 pandemic could exacerbate the risk of infection and undesirable effects associated with infection control measures of older people with dementia (PWD), and the care burden of families. In this study, we examined the efficacy of care manager-led information provision and practical support for families of older PWD who need care, regarding appropriate infection prevention, prevention of deterioration of cognitive and physical functions, and preparedness in cases of infection spread or infection during the pandemic. Methods Fifty-three family members (aged >= 20 years) who were primary caregivers living with older PWD using public long-term care services were enrolled in an one-month randomized controlled trial. This duration was set based on behavior modification theory and with consideration of ethical issue that the most vulnerable people not benefiting from the intervention. The intervention group (IG) received care manager-led information provision and practical support, and the control group (CG) received usual care. Care burden (primary outcome) was measured using the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview, and secondary outcomes were analyzed using Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ9), the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, and salivary alpha-amylase activity. Data were collected at baseline and after 1 month. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to examine the efficacy of the intervention. The participants evaluated the care managers' support. Results The participants were randomly divided into IG (n = 27) and CG (n = 26) groups. After the intervention, compared with the CG, there was a decrease in PHQ-9 (beta = -.202, p = 0.044) and alpha-amylase activity in saliva (beta = -.265, p = 0.050) in IG. IG also showed an increased fear of COVID-19 after the intervention (beta = .261, p = 0.003). With the care managers' support, 57.2% of the participants felt secure in their daily lives and 53.1% agreed that they were able to practice infection prevention suitable for older PWD. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the care manager-led intervention may be useful for families of older PWD to enhance behavioral changes in preventing COVID-19 infection and improve their psychological outcomes in the COVID-19 era.

DOI： 10.1186/s12877-022-03371-2

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The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on services for community‐dwelling adults and people with dementia, and their families' intentions to use those services Reviewed

Kana Kazawa, Tatsuhiko Kubo, Masahiro Akishita, Shinya Ishii

Geriatrics & Gerontology International   2022.8

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DOI： 10.1111/ggi.14440

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Community-Based Advanced Case Management for Patients with Complex Multimorbidity and High Medical Dependence: A Longitudinal Study Reviewed

Kazawa, Kana, Moriyama, Michiko

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH   19 ( 13 )   2022.7

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This longitudinal study aimed to evaluate a community-based and nurse-led advanced case management model centered on disease management. Participants were chronically ill patients aged 20 years and older who were highly dependent on medical care. The case management group (CMG) received nurse-led advanced case management, and the comparison group (CG) was selected by matching estimated propensity scores with the CMG. We compared the changes in medico-economic indicators between the two groups and analyzed the physical and psychological indicators of the CMG over time. The CMG comprised 51 participants, of which eight dropped out by 12 months after registration. After 1:1 propensity score matching, there were 40 participants in the CMG and CG, respectively. At 12 months after the registration, there was no significant difference between the two groups and no change in the CMG. At 24 months after the registration, the CMG's medical and long-term care costs decreased significantly, while the CG's costs increased. Moreover, there was a significant reduction in the number of hospital days and hospital admissions in the CMG. Our findings revealed that nurse-led advanced case management could be useful for patients with complex needs to avoid hospitalization due to exacerbations.

DOI： 10.3390/ijerph19137807

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Experiences with COVID-19 cluster infections in geriatric care facilities. Reviewed

Geriatr Gerontol Int   2022.5

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Long-term effectiveness of a disease management program to prevent diabetic nephropathy: a propensity score matching analysis using administrative data in Japan Reviewed International journal

Watanabe, Hirohito, Anezaki, Hisataka, Kazawa, Kana, Tamaki, Yuya, Hashimoto, Hideki, Moriyama, Michiko

BMC ENDOCRINE DISORDERS   22 ( 1 )   135 - 135   2022.5

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Background Existing reviews indicated that disease management for patients with diabetes may be effective in achieving better health outcomes with less resource utilization in the short term. However, the long-term results were inconsistent because of the heterogeneous nature of the study designs. In the present study, we evaluated the 5-year follow-up results of a local disease management program focused on diabetic nephropathy prevention under the universal public health insurance scheme in Japan. Methods Patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes who had stage 3 or 4 diabetic kidney disease and were aged between 20 and 75 years were invited to join a disease management program to support self-management and receive a recommended treatment protocol between 2011 and 2013. Follow-up data were collected from an electronic claims database for the public insurance scheme. Considering the non-random selection process, we prepared two control groups matched by estimated propensity scores to compare the incidence of diabetes-related complications, death, and resource utilization. Results The treatment group was more likely to receive clinical management in accordance with the guideline-recommended medication. After propensity score matching, the treatment group had lower incidence of diabetic nephropathy and emergency care use than the control group selected from a beneficiary pool mainly under primary care. Comparisons between the treatment group and the control group with more selected clinical conditions did not show differences in the incidence rate and resource utilization. Conclusions The present results demonstrated limited effectiveness of the program for reducing complication incidence and resource utilization during the 5-year follow-up. Further research on the long-term effectiveness of co-management by primary care physicians, subspecialists in endocrinology and nephrology, and nurse educators is required for effective management of diabetes-related nephropathy.

DOI： 10.1186/s12902-022-01040-4

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Characteristics of early-career nurse researchers negatively impacted during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. Reviewed International journal

Kana Kazawa, Yoko Shimpuku, Naoki Yoshinaga

BMJ open   12 ( 4 )   e059331   2022.4

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OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to identify typical patterns and determinants of early-career nurse researchers (ECNRs: age ≤45 years) who reported that their research activities were negatively impacted during the COVID-19 pandemic, using a data mining methodology. To gain a deeper understanding of the characteristics of these ECNRs, we compared them with the characteristics of senior nurse researchers (SNRs: age ≥46 years). DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: 1532 nurse researchers. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We conducted an anonymous online questionnaire survey that assessed individual and professional attributes of nurse researchers and their experiences from April to June 2020. We analysed the association between the impact on research activities and the individual and professional attributes using cross-tabulation, and employed the chi-square automatic interaction detection technique to perform population segmentation. RESULTS: We found that difficulties in research management, an increased burden of student education and organisational management, and organisational management position were relatively important factors for determining the negative impact of COVID-19 on the research activities of ECNRs (p<0.05). For both ECNRs and SNRs, the most relevant determinant of disrupted research activities was 'difficulties in research management' (χ2=34.7 and 126.5, respectively, p<0.001 for both). However, only ECNRs yielded 'position in organisational management' and was extracted only for ECNRs (χ2=7.0, p=0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Difficulties in research management and an increased burden of student education and organisational management had an unfavourable impact on the research activities of ECNRs. To ensure quality of nursing care and nursing science development during and after the COVID-19 era, it is important to support ECNRs in their nursing research activities and career development. Our findings could contribute to the prioritisation of interventions and policymaking for ECNRs who are particularly at risk of being negatively affected by the pandemic.

DOI： 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059331

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Assessing Burden, Anxiety, Depression, and Quality of Life among Caregivers of Hemodialysis Patients in Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Study Reviewed International coauthorship International journal

Pio, Theresia Maria Toji, Prihanto, Junaidi Budi, Jahan, Yasmin, Hirose, Naoki, Kazawa, Kana, Moriyama, Michiko

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH   19 ( 8 )   2022.4

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Family caregivers endure the burden of caring for patients receiving hemodialysis, which can affect their psychological status and may disrupt the care process. This study aims to assess the level of burden, anxiety, depression, and quality of life (QOL) among family caregivers, to investigate the influence of caregivers' sociodemographic factors and patients' clinical conditions on the level of burden, and investigate how burden affects anxiety/depression and QOL. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted from September to October 2020. A total of 104 caregivers with a mean age of 44.4 +/- 12.7 years (63.5% women) in the hemodialysis department of a hospital in Indonesia were examined. Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and WHOQOL-BREF were used. Descriptive analysis was conducted to assess the level of psychological status, and multiple regression analysis and path analysis were performed to evaluate the association among all factors. As result, regarding burden, 10.2% had a moderate-to-severe burden, and in terms of anxiety and depression, 25% and 9.6% showed abnormal cases; the mean scores of 4 domains of QOL were about 60 points. Burden and anxiety/depression were significantly negatively associated with all domains of QOL (p < 0.001); however, sociodemographic and clinical factors were not associated with any of the QOL domains. The path analysis results showed that burden positively correlated with anxiety/depression and negatively correlated with QOL via anxiety/depression. In conclusion, family caregivers' QOL was found to be indirectly influenced by burden through anxiety/depression. Further evaluation of clinical significance and implications for caregiver's lifestyle regarding anxiety and depression, which result in caregiver burden, is warranted.

DOI： 10.3390/ijerph19084544

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Factors That Facilitate Discussion and Documentation of End-of-Life Care among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study Reviewed International coauthorship

Ishibashi, Tomoyuki, Kazawa, Kana, Jahan, Yasmin, Moriyama, Michiko

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH   19 ( 7 )   2022.4

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We aimed to clarify the regional cultural characteristics in areas with different death rates at home, and to identify factors that influence the discussion and documentation of end-of-life care (EOLC) among community-dwelling older adults. This study was a cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire survey, and participants were Japanese older adults. A chi-square test and multiple regression analysis were conducted. Among the 227 respondents, 143 were analyzed. There were no statistical differences by area. Participants who had intentions to discuss EOLC tended to discuss EOLC with their families and family doctors and tended to create documents to show their wills on EOLC (p < 0.05). The following factors that influence the intentions to discuss EOLC were extracted: experience in providing EOLC; information on EOLC; having religious and spiritual beliefs, and not avoiding the subject of death as part of beliefs related to life and death. These results indicate that beliefs and intentions regarding EOLC may be similar across Japan. Moreover, our findings suggest that to increase the interest of older adults on EOLC, it is important to provide opportunities for older adults to share and discuss information about EOLC with healthcare professionals and others who have experience providing EOLC.

DOI： 10.3390/ijerph19074273

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Undergraduate nursing students' learning experiences of a telehealth clinical practice program during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study Reviewed

Kazawa, Kana, Teramoto, Chie, Azechi, Ayako, Satake, Hiroki, Moriyama, Michiko

NURSE EDUCATION TODAY   111   2022.4

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE  

Background: Against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic, nurse education institutions are required to create innovative and diverse educational methods to ensure the continued learning of undergraduate nursing students. We developed a telehealth clinical practice program to address this challenge. Objectives: We explored the students' learning experiences of our telehealth clinical practice program by qualitatively analyzing student reports. Methods: The participants were fourth-year undergraduate students who had taken the telehealth clinical practice program at Hiroshima University. Data were collected as reports from the participants during clinical practice and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Of the 59 students who completed the practical training, 26 agreed to participate in the study (consent rate: 44.1%). Sixteen themes emerged from the analysis as the students' learning experiences, and were classified into four thematic categories: (1) recognition of continued self-improvement required to become a nurse and development of a sense of ethics, (2) improvement of knowledge and practical skills in chronic care nursing, (3) acquisition of telehealth skills, and (4) learning through modeling and teamwork, and improvement of self-efficacy. Interacting with persons through telehealth provided an opportunity to learn directly about persons' lives and their experiences of illness, and helped participants develop a sense of responsibility and ethical nursing. Conclusions: Our study findings indicate that undergraduate nursing students perceived that their attitude, knowledge and skill acquisition improved through this program. We believe that telehealth can have a place as a teaching strategy and this telehealth clinical practice program can be further enhanced the learning effects by combining it with face-to-face training and multidisciplinary education in the future.

DOI： 10.1016/j.nedt.2022.105297

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Person-centered dementia care during COVID-19: a qualitative case study of impact on and collaborations between caregivers Reviewed International coauthorship International journal

Kazawa, Kana, Kodama, Ayuto, Sugawara, Kaoru, Hayashi, Mikio, Ota, Hidetaka, Son, Daisuke, Ishii, Shinya

BMC GERIATRICS   22 ( 1 )   107 - 107   2022.2

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：BMC  

Background Little is known about the actual impact of COVID-19 on caregivers of older people with dementia and resultant collaborations among them to provide continued person-centered care while undertaking infection control measures. In this study, we explored the impact of providing dementia care during COVID-19 on caregivers involved in dementia care. Methods This is an exploratory qualitative case study. The participants were family members living with older people with dementia, care managers, and the medical and long-term care facility staff. Data were collected from 46 caregivers via face-to-face and semi-structured interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results The interviews identified 22 themes related to the impact of COVID-19 on different positions of the caregivers involved in dementia care and their collaboration, and we categorized them into six categories. The core themes were "re-acknowledgement of care priorities" and "rebuilding of relationships." When caregivers' perceptions were aligned in the decision-making processes regarding care priorities, "reaffirmation of trust" and "strengthening of intimate relationships" emerged as positive changes in their relationships. Furthermore, the differences in the ability of each caregiver to access and select correct and appropriate information about COVID-19, and the extent of infection spread in the region were related to "anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic" and caused a "gap in perception" regarding infection control. Conclusions The present study clarified that the process of aligning the perceptions of caregivers to the objectives and priorities of care for older people with dementia during COVID-19 pandemic strengthened the relationships among caregivers. The findings of this study are useful for caregivers involved in person-centered dementia care.

DOI： 10.1186/s12877-022-02794-1

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Experts' perception of support for people with dementia and their families during the COVID-19 pandemic Reviewed International coauthorship

Kazawa, Kana, Akishita, Masahiro, Ikeda, Manabu, Iwatsubo, Takeshi, Ishii, Shinya

GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY INTERNATIONAL   22 ( 1 )   26 - 31   2022.1

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Aim This study aimed to explore the perceptions of dementia experts on support for people with dementia (PWD) and their families, considering PWD's vulnerability regarding COVID-19 prevention. Methods A collaborative qualitative study was conducted, involving Hiroshima University, the Japan Geriatrics Society, the Japan Society for Dementia Research, and the Japanese Psychogeriatric Society. An anonymous, self-reported questionnaire survey was sent to dementia experts from 456 medical centers for dementia in Japan. The responses were categorized in a qualitative inductive manner. Results A total of 214 experts from 119 centers responded (facility recovery rate: 26.1%). Four core themes emerged from the data analysis. Of these themes, three were related to support for infection prevention and related issues and response to infection: (i) support for continuation of daily life while preventing infection; (ii) support to mitigate the unfavorable effects of infection prevention measures; and (iii) decision-making support and treatment for infected PWD. The remaining theme, (iv) community building for PWD living together, was extracted as a basis for facilitating themes (i) to (iii). Furthermore, in each theme, the roles of medical and long-term care facilities, administration, and the need for community collaboration were identified. Conclusions Dementia experts strongly felt the need not only for short-term support to prevent the spread of infection to PWD and their families during the pandemic, but also for long-term support to enable them to maintain their daily lives and mitigate the impact of infection prevention measures. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; center dot center dot: center dot center dot-center dot center dot.

DOI： 10.1111/ggi.14307

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Effects of progressive muscular relaxation and stretching exercises combination on blood pressure among farmers in rural areas of Indonesia: A randomized study Reviewed

Tantut Susanto, Retno Purwandari, Emi Wuri Wuryaningsih, Hirohito Watanabe, Kana Kazawa, Michiko Moriyama

Frontiers of Nursing   8 ( 4 )   365 - 374   2021.12

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DOI： 10.2478/fon-2021-0036

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Can a sleep disorder intervention-embedded self-management programme contribute to improve management of diabetes? A pilot single-arm pretest and post-test study Reviewed International coauthorship

Sakamoto, Ritsuko, Kazawa, Kana, Jahan, Yasmin, Takeyama, Naoko, Moriyama, Michiko

BMJ OPEN   11 ( 9 )   2021.9

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Objective To investigate the efficacy and feasibility of a self-management programme incorporating a sleep intervention for improving diabetes outcomes. Design A single-arm pre-test and post-test study was conducted within a community setting in Hiroshima, Japan. Participants Participants were aged 52-74 years and diagnosed with type 2 diabetic nephropathy stages 1-3. Interventions Participants received self-management education from nurses for 6 months. First, the nurses assessed their sleep conditions using insomnia scales and a sleep metre. Then, the participants learnt self-management to increase their physical activity and improve their sleep condition. They also implemented diet therapy and medication adherence. Outcome measures Physiological indicators, subjective and objective indicators of sleep quality, self-management indicators, quality of life (QOL) and feasibility were evaluated. To confirm the efficacy of intervention, Freidman tests, analysis of variance, Wilcoxon signed-rank test and t-test were performed. Pearson's correlations were analysed between activities and sleep condition. Results Of the 26 enrolled participants, 24 completed the programme and were analysed. Among them, 15 participants (62.5%) had sleep disorders caused by multiple factors, such as an inappropriate lifestyle and physical factors that interfere with good sleep. Although insomnia scales did not change for the sleep disorders, their subjective health status improved. Regarding indicators related to diabetes management, lifestyles improved significantly. Haemoglobin A1c, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and QOL also improved. All participants except one were satisfied with the programme. However, use of the sleep metre and nurses' consultation about sleep disturbance were not well evaluated. Conclusions This programme was effective in improving diabetes status, lifestyle and behaviour changes. However, its effect on sleep condition was limited because of its complexity. A simple and novel approach is needed to strengthen the motivation for sleep behaviour change and to increase programme efficacy and feasibility.

DOI： 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045783

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The Effectiveness of Telenursing for Self-Management Education on Cardiometabolic Conditions: A Pilot Project on a Remote Island of Osakikamijima, Japan Reviewed International coauthorship

Moriyama, Michiko, Kazawa, Kana, Jahan, Yasmin, Ikeda, Mika, Mizukawa, Mariko, Fukuoka, Yasuko, Harada, Koji, Rahman, Md Moshiur

JOURNAL OF PRIMARY CARE AND COMMUNITY HEALTH   12   2021.7

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Introduction: Providing self-management education for residents with cardiometabolic conditions in remote islands is a challenge due to the shortage of primary care practitioners (PCPs), specialist physicians, and nurses. Therefore, we applied telenursing with lifestyle-related chronic diseases in remote island residents in Japan. This project aimed to improve the self-management behavior, cardiometabolic indicators, self-efficacy, and quality of life (QoL) of residents with cardiometabolic risks. Methods: We chose Osakikamijima Island, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan, which is designated under the Remote Islands Development Act. The project was conducted from 2013 to 2014. The residents aged over 40 and under 75 years old, selected from the annual specific health check-up examination and from PCPs for screening cardiometabolic risks (urinary protein, glycohemoglobin A1c, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride) were included. The effectiveness of telenursing for self-management education was 6-month-long with a 6-month follow-up and evaluated by a single-group pre-and post-test design. Face-to-face health education was applied at the initial interview followed by telenursing (biweekly telephone calls till third-month, and a monthly telephone call during the fourth and fifth-month) by the trained nurses outside the island. To enhance participants' self-monitoring health behavior changes, the nurses used motivational interviewing and behavior change techniques based on the transtheoretical model. Results: A total of 130 residents, 42 agreed to participate, 41 finished the 6-month program, and 33 completed the 12-month follow-up. Most of their behavior changes like self-management behaviors, cardiometabolic indicators, and self-efficacy at 6-month were improved significantly except QoL. Among the 12-month study periods, self-management behaviors, body mass index, systolic BP, diastolic BP, and self-efficacy (sense of control), (all P < .05) showed significant improvement. Conclusion: This study results indicated that telenursing might be effective to improve the lifestyles-related behaviors in chronic diseases on the remote island of Osakikamijima, Japan.

DOI： 10.1177/21501327211030817

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Preparedness guide for people with dementia and caregivers in COVID-19 pandemic.

Kana Kazawa, Tatsuhiko Kubo, Hiroki Ohge, Masahiro Akishita, Shinya Ishii

Geriatrics & gerontology international   21 ( 7 )   593 - 595   2021.7

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DOI： 10.1111/ggi.14178

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The Effectiveness of Telenursing for Self-Management Education on Cardiometabolic Conditions: A Pilot Project on a Remote Island of Ōsakikamijima, Japan Reviewed International coauthorship

Michiko Moriyama, Kana Kazawa, Yasmin Jahan, Mika Ikeda, Mariko Mizukawa, Yasuko Fukuoka, Koji Harada, Md Moshiur Rahman

Journal of Primary Care & Community Health   12   215013272110308 - 215013272110308   2021.7

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SAGE Publications  

<sec><title>Introduction:</title> Providing self-management education for residents with cardiometabolic conditions in remote islands is a challenge due to the shortage of primary care practitioners (PCPs), specialist physicians, and nurses. Therefore, we applied telenursing with lifestyle-related chronic diseases in remote island residents in Japan. This project aimed to improve the self-management behavior, cardiometabolic indicators, self-efficacy, and quality of life (QoL) of residents with cardiometabolic risks.

</sec><sec><title>Methods:</title> We chose Ōsakikamijima Island, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan, which is designated under the Remote Islands Development Act. The project was conducted from 2013 to 2014. The residents aged over 40 and under 75 years old, selected from the annual specific health check-up examination and from PCPs for screening cardiometabolic risks (urinary protein, glycohemoglobin A1c, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride) were included. The effectiveness of telenursing for self-management education was 6-month-long with a 6-month follow-up and evaluated by a single-group pre-and post-test design. Face-to-face health education was applied at the initial interview followed by telenursing (biweekly telephone calls till third-month, and a monthly telephone call during the fourth and fifth-month) by the trained nurses outside the island. To enhance participants’ self-monitoring health behavior changes, the nurses used motivational interviewing and behavior change techniques based on the transtheoretical model.

</sec><sec><title>Results:</title> A total of 130 residents, 42 agreed to participate, 41 finished the 6-month program, and 33 completed the 12-month follow-up. Most of their behavior changes like self-management behaviors, cardiometabolic indicators, and self-efficacy at 6-month were improved significantly except QoL. Among the 12-month study periods, self-management behaviors, body mass index, systolic BP, diastolic BP, and self-efficacy (sense of control), (all P &lt; .05) showed significant improvement.

</sec><sec><title>Conclusion:</title> This study results indicated that telenursing might be effective to improve the lifestyles-related behaviors in chronic diseases on the remote island of Ōsakikamijima, Japan.

</sec>

DOI： 10.1177/21501327211030817

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Understanding the process for developing sleep disorders among Japanese workers: a qualitative study Reviewed International coauthorship

Toyoshima, Ayako, Moriyama, Michiko, Yamashita, Hidehisa, Rahman, Md Moshiur, Huq, K. A. T. M. Ehsanul, Jahan, Yasmin, Kazawa, Kana

HEALTH PROMOTION PERSPECTIVES   11 ( 1 )   87 - 96   2021

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Background: Sleep disorders have an enormous impact on occupational health and are counterproductive from an economic perspective. However, the processes of causing sleep disorders from psychosocial aspects have not yet been known. The purpose of this study was to describe how sleep disorders develop among workers with respect to different psychosocial conditions. Methods: A conventional qualitative content analysis was conducted with a semi-structured interview among twenty-seven workers (14 males and 13 females) who were diagnosed with sleep disorders or had a self-reported history of sleep difficulties. Study participants were recruited from a specialized clinic and communities using snowball sampling. This paper adhered to the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR) checklist. Results: the results showed that there were four steps involved in the sleep disorders development process. Firstly, participants with sleep disorders developed 'early warning signs' with 11 categories of triggers; secondly, 'aggravating factors' on top of these early warning signs; thirdly, workers tried to 'cope with' their sleep disorders in the ways they thought would be effective. Finally, when coping failed to improve the quality of sleep, it led to the onset of sleep disorders. Conclusion: The development of sleep disorders and triggers of psychosocial factors were revealed. An occupational health nurse can bring these findings in practice for preventing worker's sleep disorders.

DOI： 10.34172/hpp.2021.12

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A Health Guidance App to Improve Motivation, Adherence to Lifestyle Changes and Indicators of Metabolic Disturbances among Japanese Civil Servants. Reviewed International journal

Naoko Takeyama, Michiko Moriyama, Kana Kazawa, Malinda Steenkamp, Md Moshiur Rahman

International journal of environmental research and public health   17 ( 21 )   2020.11

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We investigated whether an Information and Communication Technology (ICT) application (app) motivated to increase adherence to lifestyle changes, and to improve indicators of metabolic disturbances among Japanese civil servants. A non-randomized, open-label, parallel-group study was conducted with 102 participants aged 20-65 years undergoing a health check during 2016-2017, having overweight and/or elevated glucose concentration. Among them, 63 participants chose Specific Health Guidance (SHG) and ongoing support incorporating the use of an app (ICT group) and 39 individuals chose only SHG (control group). Fifty from the ICT group and 38 from the control group completed the study. After completing the 6-month program, the control group showed a significant decrease in body mass index (p = 0.008), male waist circumference (p < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (BP) (p = 0.005), diastolic BP (p < 0.001), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (p < 0.001), and increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (p = 0.008). However, the ICT group showed a significant decrease in male waist circumference (p < 0.001), diastolic BP (p = 0.003), and HbA1c (p < 0.001), and increase in HDL cholesterol (p = 0.032). The magnitude of change for most indicators tended to be highest for ICT participants (used the app ≥5 times/month). Both groups reported raised awareness on BP and weight. The app use program did not have a major impact after the observation period. Proper action requires frequent use of the app to enhance best results.

DOI： 10.3390/ijerph17218147

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Increasing Awareness and Use of Mobile Health Technology Among Individuals With Hypertension in a Rural Community of Bangladesh: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. Reviewed International journal

Yasmin Jahan, Michiko Moriyama, Md Moshiur Rahman, Kana Kazawa, Atiqur Rahman, Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayeem Bin Shahid, Sumon Kumar Das, Asg Faruque, Mohammod Jobayer Chisti

JMIR research protocols   9 ( 8 )   e15523   2020.8

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BACKGROUND: Hypertension remains one of the foremost noncommunicable diseases that most often lead to cardiovascular diseases and its different complications. The prevalence of hypertension in Bangladesh has been increasing. However, there are very limited studies that have evaluated the impact of health education and awareness development in mitigating the burden of hypertension and its complications in Bangladesh. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to increase awareness, enhance knowledge, and change lifestyle behaviors through health education and the use of mobile health (mHealth) technology among individuals with hypertension living in a rural community of Bangladesh. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial is underway in a Mirzapur subdistrict of Bangladesh. This trial compares two groups of individuals with hypertension: The comparison arm receives health education and the intervention arm receives health education and a periodic mobile phone-based text message intervention. The trial duration is 5 months. The primary end point is participants' actual behavior changes brought about by increased awareness and knowledge. RESULTS: Enrollment of participants started in August 2018, and collection of follow-up data was completed at the end of July 2019. A total of 420 participants volunteered to participate, and among them, 209 and 211 were randomly allocated to the intervention group and the control group, respectively. Among them, the ratio of males/females was 12.0/88.0 in the intervention group and 16.1/83.9 in the control group. Data cleaning and analyses have been completed and the results have been submitted for publication. CONCLUSIONS: Periodic short education using mHealth technology in addition to face-to-face health education may be an effective method for increasing awareness and knowledge about behavioral changes and maintaining healthy lifestyle behaviors. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Bangladesh Medical Research Council (BMRC) 06025072017; ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03614104, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03614104; University hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN) R000033736, https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_his_list.cgi?recptno=R000033736. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/15523.

DOI： 10.2196/15523

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Patterns of elderly people's long-term care risks and determinants: A methodological study in a Japanese city. Reviewed

Kanae Sato Osaki, Junyi Zhang, Kana Kazawa, Michiko Moriyama

Geriatrics & gerontology international   20 ( 7 )   674 - 679   2020.7

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AIMS: Existing analysis methods about the relationships between the long-term care (LTC) risks and determinants of the elderly often experience issues of independence, linearity and homogeneity. Such methodological issues are particularly problematic when the relationships are complicated, making the prioritization of LTC interventions to groups with different care needs difficult. To overcome these shortcomings, this study made an initial attempt to identify representative patterns of elderly people's LTC risks associated with different determinants, from a methodological perspective. METHODS: A data mining approach (Exhaustive CHAID) is applied to data collected from 26 357 elderly people in a Japanese city in 2016. It can automatically segment the samples into a tree structure that accommodates nonlinear, heterogeneous and sequential relationships, without caring about issues of independence across determinants. RESULTS: In total, 16 representative patterns are derived, among which four patterns are considerably riskier (the unhealthy percentage >10.0%), and five are moderately riskier (the unhealthy percentage is 5.0%-10.0%). Age is the most important determinant, followed by locomotor function, cognitive function, homebound, gender and residential location, in that order, which all show heterogeneous associations with the risk patterns. CONCLUSIONS: The Exhaustive CHAID is suitable to derive scientifically-sound insights into an early screening of risk factors for pre-frail groups and tailor-made preventive LTC interventions for frail groups in a flexible and objective way. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 674-679.

DOI： 10.1111/ggi.13936

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Presenteeism among Chinese workers in Japan and its relationship with mental health and health-promoting lifestyles. Reviewed

Weng Li, Michiko Moriyama, Ying Cui, Kana Kazawa, Takashi Nakaya, Tantut Susanto

Industrial health   58 ( 1 )   35 - 45   2020.2

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This study aimed to investigate factors related to presenteeism among Chinese workers residing in Japan by assessing their mental state and health-promoting lifestyles. An anonymous, self-reported questionnaire was administered to 450 Chinese workers living in Hiroshima Prefecture, of whom, 313 completed it in its entirety. Results showed that 40.6% reported suffering from depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, CES-D). Sociodemographic characteristics such as being female, having a lower educational background, being widowed/divorced, having fewer years of residence, fluency in basic-level Japanese, being employed part-time, being an engineer, and workplace environment (having no health education in the workplace) increased the likelihood of depression. Path analysis indicated that marital status (being married) was negatively associated with presenteeism on the Work Limitations Questionnaire-Chinese version via work-related stress. There was a positive correlation between work-related stress and presenteeism through mental health (CES-D). Health-promoting lifestyles (Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II) showed a negative correlation with presenteeism, via work-related stress and mental health. Furthermore, health-promoting lifestyles showed a direct negative association with presenteeism. Thus, health education that emphasizes mental health was a significant factor for improving presenteeism. Furthermore, the provision of health education shortly after Chinese workers had arrived in Japan is important.

DOI： 10.2486/indhealth.2018-0201

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Awareness Development and Usage of Mobile Health Technology among Hypertensive Individuals in a Rural Community of Bangladesh: A Randomized Controlled Trial Reviewed International coauthorship International journal

Yasmin Jahan, Md Moshiur Rahman, Abu S G Faruque, Mohammod Jobayer Chisti, Kana Kazawa, Ryota Matsuyama, Michiko Moriyama

Journal of Medical Internet Research   22 ( 12 )   1 - 15   2020

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BACKGROUND: Hypertension (HTN) is a major modifiable risk factor and the leading cause of premature deaths globally. The lack of awareness and knowledge have been identified as risk factors in low- and middle-income countries including Bangladesh. Recently, the use of mobile phone SMS text messaging is found to have an important positive impact on HTN management. OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to develop awareness and knowledge in order to enhance lifestyle behavior changes among individuals with HTN in a rural community of Bangladesh by using health education and mobile health (mHealth) technology (SMS text messaging). METHODS: A prospective randomized 5-month intervention, open-label (1:1), parallel-group trial was implemented among the individuals with HTN aged 35 years or older. Both men and women were included. Between August 2018 and July 2019, we enrolled 420 participants, selected from a tertiary level health facility and through door-to-door visits by community health workers. After block randomization, they were assigned to either the intervention group (received SMS text messaging and health education; n=209) or the control group (received only health education; n=211). The primary outcome was the evaluation of self-reported behavior changes (salt intake, fruits and vegetables intake, physical activity, and blood pressure [BP], and body weight monitoring behaviors). The secondary outcomes were measurements of actual salt intake and dietary salt excretion, blood glucose level, BP values, and quality of life (QOL). RESULTS: During the study period, a total of 8 participants were dropped, and the completion rate was 98.0% (412/420). The adherence rates were significantly higher (9%) among the control group regarding salt intake (P=.04) and physical activity behaviors (P<.03), and little differences were observed in other behaviors. In primary outcome, the focused behavior, salt intake less than 6 g/day, showed significant chronological improvement in both groups (P<.001). The fruits intake behavior steadily improved in both groups (P<.001). Participants in both groups had a custom of vegetables intake everyday/week. Physical activity suddenly increased and continued until the study end (P<.001 in both groups). Both BP and body weight monitoring status increased from baseline to 1 month but decreased afterward (P<.001). In case of secondary outcomes, significant chronological changes were observed in food salt concentration and urinary salinity between the groups (P=.01). The mean systolic BP and diastolic BP significantly chronologically decreased in both groups (systolic BP, P=.04; diastolic BP, P=.02.P<.05). All of these supported self-reported behavior changes. For the QOL, both groups showed significant improvement over the study periods (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: Based on these results, we suggest that face-to-face health education requires integration of home health care provision and more relevant and timely interactive SMS text messages to increase the effectiveness of the intervention. Besides, community awareness can be created to encourage "low-salt culture" and educate family members. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Bangladesh Medical Research Council (BMRC) 06025072017; ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03614104; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03614104 and UMIN-CTR R000033736; https://tinyurl.com/y48yfcoo. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): RR2-10.2196/15523.

DOI： 10.2196/19137

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Evaluating the effectiveness and feasibility of nurse-led distant and face-to-face interviews programs for promoting behavioral change and disease management in patients with diabetic nephropathy: a triangulation approach. Reviewed International journal

Kana Kazawa, Kanae Osaki, Md Moshiur Rahman, Michiko Moriyama

BMC nursing   19   16 - 16   2020

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Background: We examined whether telecommunication-device-based distance interviews are inferior to face-to-face interviews in terms of facilitating behavioral changes and disease management in patients with diabetic nephropathy. We also examined the feasibility of a newly designed six-month telenursing program. Methods: This study represents a post-hoc analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial, in which we compared the efficacy of remote self-management education with that of direct education for patients with diabetic nephropathy. The participants were 40 company employees, who were randomly divided into two groups. Over 6 months, the intervention group (n = 21) received three distance interviews using a tablet computer. Meanwhile, the control group (n = 19) received three face-to-face interviews. In addition, both groups received biweekly nine telephone calls. A triangulation approach was used. We first compared the two groups in inferiority tests. Then, we analyzed data from semi-structured interviews with all participants and nurses, examining whether trusting relationships and motivation were developed, and the accuracy of the information exchanges. Further, for the intervention group, we also enquired about the overall operability of the telenursing device. Results: The completion rates for the program were 81.0 and 78.9% for the participants in the intervention and control groups, respectively. Both groups showed similar behavioral changes, and the participants verified the feasibility of the distance interviews. The participants in the intervention group felt that they understood the severity of their diseases and the necessity of self-management, and felt confidence in the nurses. On the other hand, their degree of behavioral change regarding self-monitoring was lower than that shown by the control group. Conclusion: Our findings show that both interview methods are effective for encouraging the adoption of self-management; further, in terms of taking medication and improving the main clinical indicators, we found that the distance method is not inferior to the direct face-to-face method. However, when considering long-term effects, based on the respective degrees of improvement in behavioral change, the direct method seems to be more effective. Trial registration: The trial was registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network clinical trial registry (No. UMIN000026568) on March 15, 2017, retrospectively.

DOI： 10.1186/s12912-020-0409-0

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Health education improves referral compliance of persons with probable Diabetic Retinopathy: A randomized controlled trial. Reviewed International journal

Zara Khair, Md Moshiur Rahman, Kana Kazawa, Yasmin Jahan, Abu S G Faruque, Mohammod Jobayer Chisti, Michiko Moriyama

PloS one   15 ( 11 )   e0242047   2020

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OBJECTIVE: Lack of awareness about Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is the most commonly cited reason why many persons with type 2 diabetes are non-compliant with referral instruction to undergo retinal screening. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a culturally, geographically and socially appropriate, locally adapted five-month-long health education on referral compliance of participants. METHOD: A prospective randomized, open-label parallel group study was conducted on persons with type 2 diabetes who underwent basic eye screening at a diabetes hospital between September 2017 and August 2018. Participants who were noncompliant with referral instruction to visit a hospital for advanced DR management were randomly divided into health education intervention group (n = 143) and control group (n = 156). Both groups received information regarding DR and referral instruction at the diabetes hospital. The intervention group was provided personalized education followed by telephonic reminders. The primary endpoint was 'increase in referral compliance' and the secondary endpoint was 'increase in knowledge of DR'. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify significant predictors of compliance to referral. RESULTS: A total of nine participants dropped and 290 completed the post intervention survey. The compliance rate in intervention group was found to be significantly higher than the control group (64.3% vs 28.2%; OR 4.73; 95% CI 2.87-7.79; p<0.001). Participants in the intervention group acquired better knowledge on DR (p<0.05). Apart from intervention, referral compliance rate was also found to be significantly associated with participants' self-perception of vision problem (OR 2.02; 95% CI 1.02-4.01; p = 0.045) and participants' income (OR 1.24; 95% CI 1.06-1.44; p = 0.008). DISCUSSION: Our results suggest that intensive health education on DR should be integrated with diabetes education as it may result in significantly improved referral compliance. Outcomes may be sustainable if interventions are institutionalized at referral point. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical Trials.gov (Registration # NCT03658980); https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03658980.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0242047

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Disease perception and experiences among rural Bangladeshi hypertensive women: A qualitative approach. Reviewed International journal

Yasmin Jahan, Michiko Moriyama, Md Moshiur Rahman, Kana Kazawa, Mariko Mizukawa, Atiqur Rahman, Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayeem Bin Shahid, Sumon Kumar Das, Abu Syed Golam Faruque, Mohammod Jobayer Chisti

Health promotion perspectives   10 ( 1 )   66 - 73   2020

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Background: Hypertension (HTN) is well established as a leading cause of common serious illnesses worldwide. We carried out this qualitative research to understand perception of and experiences related to HTN among rural Bangladeshi hypertensive women. Methods: A total of 74 female hypertensive participants who were diagnosed as HTN were purposively recruited in a rural community in Mirzapur, Bangladesh. A focus group discussion(FGD) was applied to share their perception and experiences. Transcripts were read in an iterative process, and a thematic analysis was performed. This paper is reported followed by COREQ checklist. Results: Three main themes were generated; (i) Perception of HTN based on experiences, (ii)Knowledge of management of HTN, and (iii) Barriers of management of HTN. Under the themes, seven subthemes were identified. The participants only knew about their high blood pressure(HBP) when they had symptoms, and they applied traditional remedies in the rural context to deal with those symptoms. Even though more than half of participants had relevant knowledge of how to manage HTN, but still there were social-cultural and economic barriers and lack of social infrastructure to access healthcare, existed to practice them. Conclusion: Based on our study reports, health education programs at the household and community level could be a potential starting point for any preventive and containment strategy in rural communities of Bangladesh.

DOI： 10.15171/hpp.2020.11

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Characteristics of heart failure patients incurring high medical costs via matching specific health examination results and medical claim data: a cross-sectional study. Reviewed International journal

Yuya Tamaki, Kana Kazawa, Hirohito Watanabe, Tantut Susanto, Michiko Moriyama

BMJ open   9 ( 12 )   e031422   2019.12

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OBJECTIVE: We describe the characteristics of patients with high medical costs by matching specific annual medical examination results and medical claim data. Clarifying the relationships between examination items and high medical costs allows the screening of high-risk persons. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS: Subjects were persons insured by national health insurance in Hiroshima City, Hiroshima Prefecture, from April 2016 to March 2017. To identify true heart failure (HF) patients, the disease name listed in the medical claim data was compared with drugs prescribed for HF, with extraction of only subjects whose comparative data matched. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: The specific health examination includes a questionnaire on areas such as lifestyle habits, anthropometry, blood pressure, blood tests and urine tests. The percentage of the total medical costs related to the medical care of subjects with HF was described using Pareto analysis. For specific health examination items, we compared the high-cost and low-cost groups. The normality and homoscedasticity of each variable was checked and Student's t-tests and χ² tests were applied. Finally, multiple logistic regression analysis was used to detect factors in the health examination items related to high medical costs. RESULTS: Pareto analysis showed that 80% of all medical costs were paid by 30% of the HF patient population. The fees for cardiovascular surgery accounted for 54% of the total surgical cost, 64% of which included preventable diseases. Levels of creatinine (Cr) and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GTP) and a history of smoking were found to be related to high medical costs. CONCLUSION: Analysis of specific health examination results for HF patients revealed the association between high medical costs, γ-GTP, Cr, and smoking. These results can thus serve as a reference for screening persons at high risk of HF and help prevent the exacerbation of HF.

DOI： 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031422

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保健指導による介入効果が高い慢性疾患患者の抽出を支援する重症化リスク予測AIの開発 Reviewed

加澤 佳奈, 渡邉 拡人, 玉城 雄也, 森山 美知子, 栗野 俊一, 吉開 範章, 木原 康樹

医療情報学連合大会論文集   39回   462 - 464   2019.11

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本医療情報学会  

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Disease management for high risk patients with diabetic nephropathy Invited

Precision Medicine   2 ( 5 )   80 - 84   2019

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An Investigation of Factors Influencing High Usage of Medical and Long-Term Care Services in an Aging Society in Japan. Reviewed International journal

Kana Kazawa, Md Moshiur Rahman, Michiko Moriyama

Asia-Pacific journal of public health   30 ( 2 )   95 - 106   2018.3

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC  

Medical and long-term care costs are increasing all over the world. In this study, we investigated the characteristics of groups with high cost of medical and long-term care to define targets for curbing social security costs. As a result, for the population covered by the National Health Insurance, a large portion of medical costs were incurred for mental disorders, malignant neoplasms, and lifestyle-related diseases. For those covered by the Late Elderly Health Insurance System, most medical costs were incurred for lifestyle-related diseases, femoral fractures, neurological diseases, mental disorders, pneumonia, malignant neoplasms, and Alzheimer's disease. From multiple regression analysis, the hospitalization days, use of advanced medical treatment, outpatient days, and high long-term care level influenced the increased costs. On the other hand, disease characteristics had only a very low effect. These findings suggest that the target population has complex medical and long-term care needs because they have multiple diseases.

DOI： 10.1177/1010539517751444

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Quality Primary Care for Disease Prevention and Management Reviewed

Rahman MM, Moriyama M, Kazawa K

Asian Hospital and Healthcare Management   42   30 - 34   2018

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フレイル対策における慢性疾患管理の必要性についての実践報告

尾崎 果苗, 森山 美知子, 加澤 佳奈

日本糖尿病教育・看護学会誌   21 ( 特別号 )   158 - 158   2017.8

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本糖尿病教育・看護学会  

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Health Resource Utilization and Comorbidities in Patients with Mental Disorders: Analysis Based on Health Insurance Claim Data Reviewed

Health   9 ( 4 )   763 - 777   2017

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糖尿病腎症に対する遠隔面談型セルフマネジメント教育と直接面談型教育の効果の比較:12ヶ月フォローアップ結果 Reviewed

日本糖尿病教育・看護学会誌   21 ( 1 )   46 - 55   2017

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遠隔地居住の慢性疾患患者に対する、モバイル端末を用いた自己管理支援の検討

後藤 瑞枝, 尾崎 果苗, 原 眞理子, 新納 栄美子, 加澤 佳奈, 森山 美知子

日本医療・病院管理学会誌   52 ( Suppl. )   188 - 188   2015.10

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本医療・病院管理学会  

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Efficacy of a disease management program focused on acquisition of self-management skills in pre-dialysis patients with diabetic nephropathy: 24 months follow-up. Reviewed International journal

Kana Kazawa, Yae Takeshita, Noriaki Yorioka, Michiko Moriyama

Journal of nephrology   28 ( 3 )   329 - 38   2015.6

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

PURPOSE: We previously performed a preliminary 6-month controlled trial to examine the effect of a disease management education program on prolongation of the time to renal replacement therapy (RRT) and/or avoidance of RRT for patients with diabetic nephropathy. However, its duration was too short to follow the changes of renal function, so we performed the present study for 24 months. METHODS: This was a two-group comparative study. The intervention group received self-management education from disease management nurses and was supported by the nurses in cooperation with their primary physicians for 12 months. Then this group was followed for a further 12 months. The control group received standard care and was followed for 24 months. RESULTS: Of the 31 subjects enrolled in each group, 26 subjects in the intervention group and 27 subjects in the control group were analyzed after excluding drop-outs. During the study period, 0 and 2 subjects in the intervention and the control group started RRT, respectively. In the intervention group, renal function was maintained, while significant worsening was observed in the control group. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) improved in the intervention group, but became significantly worse in the control group. In the intervention group, all process indicators of behavior modification increased significantly after intervention. CONCLUSION: A well-designed disease management program might be useful for maintaining renal function and improving HbA1c in patients with diabetic nephropathy. It is considered that modification of patient behavior contributed to these results.

DOI： 10.1007/s40620-014-0144-2

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保存期慢性腎不全患者の家族における食事療法の協力体制形成過程 Reviewed

広島大学保健学ジャーナル   13 ( 1.2 )   13 - 21   2015

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腹膜透析患者の透析手技とカテーテル管理の実態 Reviewed

日本慢性看護学会誌   9 ( 1 )   15 - 19   2015

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Efficacy and Usability of an E-learning Program for Fostering Qualified Disease Management Nurses Reviewed

Health   7 ( 8 )   955 - 964   2015

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Development and Evaluation of Disease Management Program and Service Framework for Patients with Chronic Diseases Reviewed

Health   7 ( 6 )   729 - 740   2015

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Effects of a Self-Management Skills-Acquisition Program on Pre-Dialysis Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy Reviewed

Kana Kazawa, Michiko Moriyama

NEPHROLOGY NURSING JOURNAL   40 ( 2 )   141 - 148   2013.3

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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保存期糖尿病腎症患者に対する教育プログラムの効果(6ヵ月間の介入評価) Reviewed

加澤佳奈, 森山美知子

日本腎不全看護学会誌   2012

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行動変容が困難な糖尿病腎症患者へのセルフマネジメント支援 Reviewed

加澤佳奈, 森山美知子

日本慢性看護学会誌   2011

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