Faculty Profiles - MONDEN Akito

Papers - MONDEN Akito

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Benchmarking IT operations cost based on working time and unit cost

Masateru Tsunoda, Akito Monden, Kenichi Matsumoto, Sawako Ohiwa, Tomoki Oshino

SCIENCE OF COMPUTER PROGRAMMING 135 75 - 87 2017.2

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

Recently, size of information system gets large, and the information system operation (IT operations) is often outsourced. When IT operations of the large system is outsourced, high cost is needed, and troubles in IT operations may affect the activity of the company. Therefore, the information system operation is important for the companies. Cost is one of the important factors when the system operation is outsourced. However, it is not easy for the customers (system users) to judge whether the operation cost is valid or not. To support the judgment, we focus on information which the customers can know (e.g., size of software), to estimate the working time. In the analysis, we clarified the factors which affect the working time. Then, data was stratified based on the factors, to show the benchmark of working time. Using the benchmark, customers estimate the working time roughly. Also, we clarified the factors which affect the unit cost, and showed the benchmark. Operation cost can be estimated, by estimated working time multiplied by the estimated unit cost. The analysis results showed that the process standardization relates to the working time of operators. Also, the network range and the contract type have a relationship to the unit cost of operators. Work efficiency and unit cost do not affect operation quality. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.scico.2016.10.006

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A stability assessment of solution adaptation techniques for analogy-based software effort estimation

Passakorn Phannachitta, Jacky Keung, Akito Monden, Kenichi Matsumoto

EMPIRICAL SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 22 ( 1 ) 474 - 504 2017.2

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：SPRINGER

Among numerous possible choices of effort estimation methods, analogy-based software effort estimation based on Case-based reasoning is one of the most adopted methods in both the industry and research communities. Solution adaptation is the final step of analogy-based estimation, employed to aggregate and adapt to solutions derived during the case-based reasoning process. Variants of solution adaptation techniques have been proposed in previous studies; however, the ranking of these techniques is not conclusive and shows conflicting results, since different studies rank these techniques in different ways. This paper aims to find a stable ranking of solution adaptation techniques for analogy-based estimation. Compared with the existing studies, we evaluate 8 commonly adopted solution techniques with more datasets (12), more feature selection techniques included (4), and more stable error measures (5) to a robust statistical test method based on the Brunner test. This comprehensive experimental procedure allows us to discover a stable ranking of the techniques applied, and to observe similar behaviors from techniques with similar adaptation mechanisms. In general, the linear adaptation techniques based on the functions of size and productivity (e.g., regression towards the mean technique) outperform the other techniques in a more robust experimental setting adopted in this study. Our empirical results show that project features with strong correlation to effort, such as software size or productivity, should be utilized in the solution adaptation step to achieve desirable performance. Designing a solution adaptation strategy in analogy-based software effort estimation requires careful consideration of those influential features to ensure its prediction is of relevant and accurate.

DOI： 10.1007/s10664-016-9434-8

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提案依頼書に含まれる無理難題の分類

門田暁人, 住吉倫明, 神谷芳樹

SEC journal 13 ( 3 ) 18 - 25 2017

Textual vs. visual programming languages in programming education for primary schoolchildren Reviewed

Hidekuni Tsukamoto, Yasuhiro Takemura, Yasumasa Oomori, Isamu Ikeda, Hideo Nagumo, Akito Monden, Ken Ichi Matsumoto

Proceedings - Frontiers in Education Conference, FIE 2016-November 2016.11

Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)

© 2016 IEEE. The purpose of this research is to compare textual programming languages and visual programming languages from the aspect of motivation. As a textual programming language, Processing programming language was used, and as visual programming languages, Scratch, a derivation of Scratch, Teaching materials offered by code.org, and LEGO Mindstorms EV3 were used. Teaching materials using the textual programming language, and those using the visual programming languages were developed separately. A trial experiment of programming education with the textual programming language was conducted to a cohort of seven primary schoolchildren. Trial experiments with the visual programming languages were conducted twice. In each of them, a cohort of eight primary schoolchildren participated. The motivation of the children was assessed using the questionnaire based on the ARCS (Attention, Relevance, Confidence, and Satisfaction) motivation model. The results with the visual programming languages suggested that the motivation scores of the children increased as the class progressed when visual programming languages were used. On the other hand, the results with Processing suggested that the variance of Satisfaction factor increased as the class progressed when textual programming languages were used, which further suggested that the Satisfaction scores of the children spread as the class progressed when textual programming languages were used.

DOI： 10.1109/FIE.2016.7757571

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Investigating and projecting population structures in open source software projects: A case study of projects in GitHub Reviewed

Saya Onoue, Hideaki Hata, Akito Monden, Kenichi Matsumoto

IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems E99D ( 5 ) 1304 - 1315 2016.5

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

© Copyright 2016 The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers. GitHub is a developers' social networking service that hosts a great number of open source software (OSS) projects. Although some of the hosted projects are growing and have many developers, most projects are organized by a few developers and face difficulties in terms of sustainability. OSS projects depend mainly on volunteer developers, and attracting and retaining these volunteers are major concerns of the project stakeholders. To investigate the population structures of OSS development communities in detail and conduct software analytics to obtain actionable information, we apply a demographic approach. Demography is the scientific study of population and seeks to identify the levels and trends in the size and components of a population. This paper presents a case study, investigating the characteristics of the population structures of OSS projects on GitHub, and shows population projections generated with the well-known cohort component method. We found that there are four types of population structures in OSS development communities in terms of experiences and contributions. In addition, we projected the future population accurately using a cohort component population projection method. This method predicts a population of the next period using a survival rate calculated from past population. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that applied demography to the field of OSS research. Our approach addressing OSS-related problems based on demography will bring new insights, since studying population is novel in OSS research. Understanding current and future structures of OSS projects can help practitioners to monitor a project, gain awareness of what is happening, manage risks, and evaluate past decisions.

DOI： 10.1587/transinf.2015EDP7363

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Open Source Software Engineering

IHARA Akinori, OHIRA Masao, MONDEN Akito

Computer Software 33 ( 1 ) 1_27 - 1_27 2016

Programming education for primary school children using a textual programming language

Hidekuni Tsukamoto, Yasuhiro Takemura, Hideo Nagumo, Isamu Ikeda, Akito Monden, Ken-Ichi Matsumoto

Proceedings - Frontiers in Education Conference, FIE 2015 2015.12

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings) Publisher：Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.

In this research, a Textual Programming Language (TPL) is used in programming education for primary schoolchildren because of the following reasons: (1) it is more practical to use the programming languages similar to the ones used for developing real applications, (2) typing statements could be easier for primary schoolchildren than generally thought, (3) there exist programming environments such as Processing that are easy to use and produce very attractive graphical outcomes. Teaching material for programming education with Processing was developed. In this teaching material, cartoons were used to explain difficult concepts. The learners who use this teaching material were supposed to draw some computational figures with chosen colors. Trial experiments of programming education using this teaching material was conducted to a cohort of seven primary schoolchildren (six 4th grade and one 5th grade children) in two consecutive weekend classes (one hour each). Since the authors' aim of this programming education was to create a sense of fun and excitement in the children and inculcate a desire to engage with computing, the motivation of the children was assessed using the questionnaire based on the ARCS (Attention, Relevance, Confidence, and Satisfaction) motivation model. The results were encouraging and suggested that TPLs could be used in programming education for primary schoolchildren.

DOI： 10.1109/FIE.2015.7344187

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コード断片の不自然さの比較による保護機構の発見困難さの評価

松田篤和, 神崎雄一郎, 門田暁人

情報処理学会第77回全国大会講演論文集 (講演番号1L-02) 2015.3

保護コードの自然さに着目した命令カムフラージュ

永井晃人, 神崎雄一郎, 門田暁人

情報処理学会第77回全国大会講演論文集 (講演番号1L-03) 2015.3

Prediction of the change of learners' motivation in programming education for non-computing majors Reviewed

Hidekuni Tsukamoto, Yasuhiro Takemura, Hideo Nagumo, Akito Monden, Ken-Ichi Matsumoto

Proceedings - Frontiers in Education Conference, FIE 2015- ( February ) 2015.2

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings) Publisher：Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.

In the past, the authors had been analyzing motivation of the learners in programming education using the ARCS assessment metric. This metric had been used in the application experiment in 13 programming courses, and about 1,700 sets of data was collected. From these data, the learners' model, characteristics of the change of motivation, and ways of improving teaching materials had been clarified. However, these study results were obtained after the terms, when the programming courses were over, and thus did not contribute much to the ongoing programming education. For this reason, in this research, the methods for predicting the change of learners' motivation were studied so that the learners who may need support could be identified. The idea came from the experiment the authors conducted, in which the motivation of learners was analyzed by plotting the motivation scores of each factor in the ARCS model as a 3D graph. As a result, a decreasing tendency of motivation was observed when the distribution of the plot widened. After studying the tendency in detail, it was thought to be due to the influence of the variance of sub-level category scores. In the proposed method, the motivation of each learner is assessed in each lesson using the ARCS assessment metric. If variance of the motivation scores of a learner in a lesson is above a certain threshold value AND if mean of the scores has not decreased from the previous lesson, then the learner is identified as a candidate of learner who needs support at that lesson. In the application experiment, a programming course with 9 lessons was offered and 9 learners attended all the 9 lessons. In the experiment, 7 cases had been identified as the candidates of learners who need support, and out of those 7 cases, a decrease of motivation to less than average was observed in 5 cases.

DOI： 10.1109/FIE.2014.7044221

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Introduction to the Special Issue on Foundation of Software Engineering

Sugiyama, Y., Sawada, A., Washizaki, H., Aman, H., Monden, A., Kobayashi, T., Hanakawa, N., Obana, M.

Computer Software 32 ( 3 ) 3 - 3 2015

プログラム理解の困難さの脳血流による計測の試み Reviewed

中川尊雄, 亀井靖高, 上野秀剛, 門田暁人, 松本健一

コンピュータソフトウェア 31 ( 3 ) 3_270 - 3_276 2014.9

Takao Nakagawa, Akito Monden, Ken Ichi Matsumoto, Yasutaka Kamei, Hidetake Uwano Reviewed

Takao Nakagawa, Akito Monden, Ken Ichi Matsumoto, Yasutaka Kamei, Hidetake Uwano

Computer Software 31 ( 3 ) 270 - 276 2014.8

N-gramモデルを用いたソフトウェア保護機構の不自然さ評価

神崎雄一郎, 尾上栄浩, 門田暁人

2014年暗号と情報セキュリティシンポジウム(SCIS2014)予稿集 (講演番号2D2-1) 2014.1

自動計測データに基づくソフトウェア開発の作業目的の予測 Reviewed

大橋亮太, 上野秀剛, 門田暁人, 荒木健史, 山田欣吾, 松本健一

第21回ソフトウェア工学の基礎ワークショップ (FOSE 2014) 2014

「ソフトウェア工学の実証的アプローチ」シリーズ第5回ソフトウェアリポジトリマイニング Reviewed

門田暁人, 伊原彰紀, 松本健一

コンピュウータソフトウェア 30 ( 2 ) 52 - 65 2013.5

The effects of teaching material remediation with ARCS-strategies for programming education Reviewed

Hidekuni Tsukamoto, Yasuhiro Takemura, Hideo Nagumo, Akito Monden, Ken-Ichi Matsumoto

Proceedings - Frontiers in Education Conference, FIE 717 - 723 2013

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)

In this paper, a method for improving the teaching materials of programming education is introduced, and the evaluation of the effects of using the strategy is presented. By using this method, the teachers of programming education will be able to assess and improve their teaching materials irrespective of their knowledge and experience of their teaching materials already used. In this method, the teaching materials were improved based on the statistical analysis of the motivation of students. Specifically, the motivation of students was measured for each lower category of ARCS motivation model with the authors' original questionnaire. The lower category in a particular lesson that showed a statistically significant decrease from the previous lesson was identified, and the improvement strategies for the lower category were selected from the list of motivation strategies in the ARCS model. The teaching materials of programming education were then improved based on the strategy. In this research, five lower categories of particular lessons in a programming course were identified, and the teaching materials were improved. The improved teaching materials were used in the following programming course, and the effects of the improvements were seen in three lower categories out of the identified five lower categories. © 2013 IEEE.

DOI： 10.1109/FIE.2013.6684920

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脳血流計測に基づくプログラム理解行動の定量化 Reviewed

中川尊雄, 亀井靖高, 上野秀剛, 門田暁人, 松本健一

第20回ソフトウェア工学の基礎ワークショップ (FOSE 2013) 191 - 196 2013

ソフトウェア開発企業における開発タスクの自動計測 Reviewed

門田暁人, 上野秀剛, 荒木健史, 山田欣吾, 松本健一

第20回ソフトウェア工学の基礎ワークショップ (FOSE 2013) 257 - 262 2013

Analyzing risk factors affecting project cost overrun Reviewed

Masateru Tsunoda, Akito Monden, Kenichi Matsumoto, Ryosuke Hatano, Toshihiko Nakano, Yutaka Fukuchi

Studies in Computational Intelligence 443 171 - 184 2013

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings) Publisher：Springer Verlag

To prevent cost overrun of software projects, it is effective to predict the project which has high risk of cost overrun in the early phase of the project. In this paper, we clarify the risk factors which affect cost overrun. The risk factors are denoted by the questions such as Are the customer's project goals clear? The risk factors can be used as independent variables of the cost overrun prediction model. In the analysis, we used 290 projects' data collected in a software development company. The dataset was stratified by the project start time and the project size to eliminate their influence, and relationships between risk factors and cost overrun were analyzed with the correlation ratio. In addition, we focused risk factors which have strong and stable relationships to cost overrun, and analyzed them using the Sharpe ratio based index. As a result, we identified some risk factors which have relatively strong and stable relationships to cost overrun. After the analysis, we experimentally predicted cost overrun projects by collaborative filtering, using the risk factors as independent variables. The result suggested that cost overrun projects can be predicted by the risk factors. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-642-32172-6_14

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