記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本消化器内視鏡学会-中国支部  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本消化器内視鏡学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(株)日本メディカルセンター  

＜文献概要＞潰瘍性大腸炎およびクローン病を含む炎症性腸疾患(IBD)は,単なる症状の改善にとどまらず,内視鏡的な治癒を目指すことにより予後が改善することが証明されている.したがって内視鏡的活動性の把握が重要であり,内視鏡重症度の代替マーカーである,血中,便中マーカーをそれぞれ上手に使いこなすことが肝要である.一方で各マーカーの注意点があり,血中マーカーではCRPだけでなく,近年LRGが利用可能となり,実臨床での活用が期待される.また便中マーカーはとくに疾患活動性が落ちてきたステージでの利用がより有用であり,内視鏡的寛解の判断に強みをもつ.IBD診療においては,各マーカーの長所,注意点に習熟し,より良いモニタリングを行うことが求められる.

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

OBJECTIVES: Double balloon enteroscopy (DBE) with retrograde contrast is useful as a monitoring tool for small intestinal lesions in Crohn's disease (CD), but these are burdensome for patients. Intestinal ultrasound (IUS) can be used with ease in daily clinical practice, but there is less evidence regarding the accuracy of detection of small intestinal stenosis in CD. This study aimed to examine the diagnostic power of IUS for small intestinal stenosis in patients with CD. METHODS: The findings of DBE and IUS in 86 patients with CD with small intestinal lesions were evaluated. Using DBE as the reference standard, we examined the detection rate of IUS for small intestinal stenosis. We evaluated three parameters: luminal narrowing, prestenotic dilation, and to-and-fro movement for determining stenosis using IUS. In addition, we compared the characteristics between the stenosis-detectable and stenosis-undetectable groups by IUS. RESULTS: Of the 86 patients, 30 had small intestinal stenosis. In IUS findings, when lesions that met two or more of the three parameters were judged as stenosis, the detection rate was 70.0% for sensitivity, 98.2% for specificity, and 88.4% for accuracy. Moreover, there were patients with a younger age at diagnosis (P < 0.05) and more ileocolonic disease location (P < 0.05) in the stenosis-detectable group by IUS. The stenoses detected by IUS were significantly longer than those undetected by IUS (14.1 mm versus 5.2 mm, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: IUS delivered reliable results for clinically important small intestinal stenosis of CD with high diagnostic accuracy.

DOI： 10.1002/jum.16038

PubMed

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Ulcerative colitis (UC) can develop colitis-associated colorectal neoplasm (CAN). Adenine-to-inosine RNA editing, which is regulated by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR), induces the posttranscriptional modification of critical oncogenes, including antizyme inhibitor 1 (AZIN1), leading to colorectal carcinogenesis. Therefore, we hypothesized that ADAR1 might be involved in the development of CAN in UC. METHODS: We systematically analyzed a cohort of 139 UC cases (40 acute phase, 73 remission phase, 26 CAN). The degree of inflammation was evaluated using the Mayo endoscopic score (MES). RESULTS: The type 1 IFN-related inflammation pathway was upregulated in the rectum of active UC, rectum of UC-CAN, and tumor site of UC-CAN patients. ADAR1 expression was upregulated in the entire colon of CAN cases, while it was down-regulated in non-CAN MES0 cases. ADAR1 expression in the rectum predicted the development of CAN better than p53 or β-catenin, with an area under the curve of 0.93. The high expression of ADAR1 and high AZIN1 RNA editing in UC was triggered by type 1 IFN stimulation from UC-specific microbiomes, such as Fusobacterium in vitro analyses. The induction of AZIN1 RNA editing by ADAR1, whose expression is promoted by Fusobacterium, may induce carcinogenesis in UC. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of CAN can be evaluated by assessing ADAR1 expression in the rectum of MES0 UC patients, freeing UC patients from unnecessary colonoscopy and reducing their physical burden. RNA editing may be involved in UC carcinogenesis, and may be used to facilitate the prevention and treatment of CAN in UC.

DOI： 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjac186

PubMed

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(株)先端医学社  

5-アミノサリチル酸(5-ASA)製剤は,安全性が高く,使用しやすい薬剤であり,炎症性腸疾患(IBD),とくに潰瘍性大腸炎においては,軽症～中等症の治療薬の第一選択薬として,寛解導入から寛解維持まで広く用いられている.わが国では,現在使用できる5-ASA製剤は4種類あり,各薬剤の特徴を理解したうえで,病勢や患者の状況に合わせて薬剤の選択をしていく.IBD患者の増加に伴い,5-ASA製剤の使用頻度は今後,さらに増していくであろう一方で,近年は5-ASA製剤の不耐症例も増加している.不耐の特徴や対処法に関する知識も必要とされ,適切な対応を取ることも求められている.(著者抄録)

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一財)日本消化器病学会  

近年,高齢潰瘍性大腸炎(UC)患者数が増加しており,特に若年発症して長期経過を追っている高齢UC症例と異なり,高齢になって新規に発症したUCは治療に難渋する症例が少なくない.また年齢だけで高齢者の全身状態を判断することはできず,症例によって脆弱性やリスクが異なるため,注意が必要である.現在使用できる治療薬はいずれも高齢者を対象とした試験を経ず保険収載されており,リアルワールドデータを基に有効性,安全性の判断をせざるを得ない.高齢者特有の併存疾患の管理,ポリファーマシーと相互作用,認知症,身体機能低下,易感染状態などのリスクを考慮し,重篤な状態になる前に常に早期介入を心掛ける必要がある.(著者抄録)

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その他リンク： https://search.jamas.or.jp/default/link?pub_year=2022&ichushi_jid=J01118&link_issn=&doc_id=20221116250003&doc_link_id=%2Fck8syokb%2F2022%2F011911%2F003%2F0992-1003%26dl%3D0&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fck8syokb%2F2022%2F011911%2F003%2F0992-1003%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一財)日本消化器病学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本消化器内視鏡学会  

クローン病患者の7割以上が小腸病変を有するとされ,小腸病変のモニタリングとその制御は患者のQOLに直結する.従ってクローン病診療では,全小腸を高精度でかつ手軽に,そして低侵襲にモニタリングすることが求められるが,残念ながらすべてを兼ね備えた検査やマーカーは未だ存在しない.ダブルバルーン内視鏡検査は,クローン病小腸病変に対するモニタリング検査の1つとして,また時に内視鏡的拡張術目的に広く使用されている.当科ではダブルバルーン内視鏡検査の際に通常の観察に加えて先端バルーンを拡張させて逆行性造影を行い,それまでは難しかった深部小腸の評価をルーチンで行っている.本稿では,クローン病小腸病変に対するダブルバルーン内視鏡下逆行性造影の手順やコツを解説する.(著者抄録)

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Objective Transabdominal ultrasonography (TUS) is a non-invasive procedure that is reportedly useful for managing ulcerative colitis (UC) and assessing bowel wall thickness (BWT), the most common measure of mucosal inflammation. However, the exact range of BWT that reflects disease activity remains undetermined. The present study clarified the BWT due to disease activity by comparing the use of TUS in each segment of the colon versus using colonoscopy (CS) and determined the usefulness of TUS in patients with UC. Methods We divided the colon into five segments and measured the BWT using TUS. The results were then compared to the Mayo endoscopic subscore (MES) classification to determine the accuracy of BWT measurement. Patients Eighty patients with UC who underwent TUS within 14 days of CS were retrospectively registered. Results We evaluated a total of 268 images depicting each segment among 80 patients with UC. The BWT was positively correlated with endoscopic activity (0.69, p<0.0001). In each segment, the relationship between a BWT>2 mm and an MES>0 had the highest sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy (0.85-1.00, 0.67-0.92, and 0.81-0.97, respectively). Conclusion This study concluded that TUS was a useful method of detecting an MES>0, which indicates the presence of inflammation and its location among UC patients. MES>0 was found to be highly accurate when a BWT>2 mm was considered positive. This non-invasive method may help control disease activity in patients with UC.

DOI： 10.2169/internalmedicine.8827-21

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本消化器病学会-中国支部  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

OBJECTIVES: Transient fever and electrocoagulation syndrome after colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) remain a challenge. The aim of this study was to assess the risk factors of post-ESD fever and post-ESD coagulation syndrome (PECS), focusing on the involvement of immunosuppressive drugs and steroids (IM). METHODS: This retrospective analysis included 510 patients who underwent colorectal ESD at Okayama University Hospital from 2015 to 2020. The incidence rate, clinical outcome, and factors associated with post-ESD fever and PECS were investigated. RESULTS: Post-ESD fever and PECS occurred in 63 patients (12.4%) and 43 patients (8.4%), respectively. In multivariate analysis, the American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status ≥3, the use of immunosuppressants or prednisolone ≥5mg (IM group), and injury to muscle layer/perforation were significantly associated with post-ESD fever. In PECS, IM group, tumors located on the right side, treatment time ≥60 min, injury to the muscle layer, and multiple lesions were independent risk factors. Both post-ESD fever and PECS improved conservatively in the IM group, and no serious complication was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The use of IM was a risk factor for both post-ESD fever and PECS. However, there were no serious complications in colorectal ESD for patients taking IM.

DOI： 10.1002/deo2.83

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Metformin, a commonly prescribed drug for type 2 diabetes mellitus, has been shown to activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Notably, AMPK activation has recently been observed to be associated with anti-inflammatory responses. Metformin is also reported to elicit anti-inflammatory responses in CD4+ T cells, resulting in improvement in experimental chronic inflammatory diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus. To investigate the effect of metformin on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), we developed a T cell-transfer model of chronic colitis in which SCID mice were injected with CD4+ CD45RBhigh T cells to induce colitis. We examined the effects of metformin via in vitro and in vivo experiments on lamina propria (LP) CD4+ T cells. We observed that metformin suppresses the frequency of interferon (IFN) -γ-producing LP CD4+ T cells in vitro, which were regulated by AMPK activation, a process possibly induced by the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation. Furthermore, we examined the effects of metformin on an in vivo IBD model. Metformin-treated mice showed AMPK activation in LP CD4+ T cells and ameliorated colitis. Our study demonstrates that metformin-induced AMPK activation in mucosal CD4+ T cells contributes to the improvement of IBD by suppressing IFN-γ production. Moreover, our results indicate that AMPK may be a target molecule for the regulation of mucosal immunity and inflammation. Thus, AMPK-activating drugs such as metformin may be potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of IBD.

DOI： 10.1096/fj.202100831RR

PubMed

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the distinctive features of lymphocytes promoting inflammation in ulcerative colitis. METHODS: We performed flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and colorectal mucosa lymphocytes in ulcerative colitis patients (n = 13) and control patients (n = 5). RESULTS: CD62L+/CD3+CD4+ (35.7 ± 14.0% vs. 19.9 ± 6.4%) and CD62L+/CD3+CD4- cells (17.1 ± 17.4% vs. 2.4 ± 3.9%) were higher in the rectum of ulcerative colitis patients than in control patients. Subpopulation analysis revealed that CD45RA-CD62L+/CD3+CD4+, that is, central memory T cell fraction in CD4+ T cells, was significantly increased in the rectum of ulcerative colitis, compared to that in control patients (23.3 ± 10.5% vs. 8.2 ± 4.0%). Comparison of rectum and colon samples in ulcerative colitis patients indicated that CD56+/CD3+ was decreased in the rectum compared to that in the colon (11.3 ± 12.5% vs. 21.3 ± 16.5%). The ratio of CD56+/CD3+ was also decreased in the rectum of active ulcerative colitis patients compared to that in ulcerative colitis patients at the endoscopic remission stages (2.8 ± 1.7% vs. 18.5 ± 13.3%). CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that CD62L+ T lymphocytes, particularly the CD45RA-CD62L+ T cell subset that represents central memory T cells, were increased in the rectum of patients with ulcerative colitis. In addition, the CD56+/CD3+ subset (natural killer T cells) was decreased in the rectum compared to that of less inflamed colonic mucosa. These results suggest that the enrichment of central memory T lymphocytes and the reduction of natural killer T cells in the gut mucosa are involved in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis.

DOI： 10.1177/20587384211051982

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記述言語：日本語  

DOI： 10.11405/nisshoshi.119.992

PubMed

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: The propriety of cold forceps polypectomy (CFP) using jumbo biopsy forceps for diminutive polyps remains controversial. We conducted a prospective study to evaluate the complete CFP resection rate of 3-5-mm polyps using additional endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) specimens following CFP. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with 3-5-mm protruded or flat elevated colorectal polyps diagnosed endoscopically as adenomas or serrated lesions were prospectively enrolled. CFP using jumbo biopsy forceps was used to remove the eligible polyps and repeated until the absence of residuals were confirmed via image-enhanced endoscopy or chromoendoscopy. After CFP, saline was injected at the defect, and the marginal specimen of the defect was resected using EMR to histologically evaluate the residue. The primary outcome was the complete CFP resection rate, which was defined as no residue at the EMR site. Other outcomes were the number of CFP bites and the complete resection rate by lesion size. RESULTS: Eighty patients with 120 polyps were enrolled. The mean polyp size was 4.1 ± 0.7 mm. The overall complete resection rate was 96.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 91.7-98.7), and the rates for 3-, 4- and 5-mm polyps were 100% (95% CI, 86.7-100), 96.0% (95% CI, 86.5-98.9) and 95.5% (95% CI, 85.1-98.8), respectively. The one-bite CFP rates were 92%, 60% and 31% for the 3-, 4- and 5-mm polyps, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The complete CFP resection rate for 3-5-mm polyps was acceptable, although the one-bite clearance rate decreased as the polyp size increased (UMIN000028841).

DOI： 10.1111/den.13895

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) is involved in colorectal cancer (CRC) growth and is a biomarker for patient prognosis and management. However, the ecology of Fn in CRC and the distribution of intratumoral Fn are unknown. METHODS: We evaluated Fn and the status of KRAS and BRAF in 200 colorectal neoplasms (118 adenomas and 82 cancers) and 149 matched adjacent normal mucosas. The differentiation status between "surface" and "deep" areas of cancer tissue and matched normal mucosa were analyzed in 46 surgical samples; the Ki-67 index was also evaluated in these samples. RESULTS: Fusobacterium nucleatum presence in the tumor increased according to pathological stage (5.9% [adenoma] to 81.8% [stage III/IV]), while Fn presence in normal mucosa also increased (7.6% [adenoma] to 40.9% [stage III/IV]). The detection rates of Fn on the tumor surface and in deep areas were 45.7% and 32.6%, while that of normal mucosa were 26.1% and 23.9%, respectively. Stage III/IV tumors showed high Fn surface area expression (66.7%). Fn intratumoral heterogeneity (34.8%) was higher than that of KRAS (4.3%; P < 0.001) and BRAF (2.2%; P < 0.001). The Ki-67 index in Fn-positive cases was higher than that in negative cases (93.9% vs 89.0%; P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Fusobacterium nucleatum was strongly present in CRC superficial areas at stage III/IV. The presence of Fn in the deep areas of adjacent normal mucosa also increased. The intratumoral heterogeneity of Fn is important in the use of Fn as a biomarker, as Fn is associated with CRC proliferative capacity.

DOI： 10.1111/jgh.15361

PubMed

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Leucine-rich alpha-2 glycoprotein (LRG) may be a novel serum biomarker for patients with inflammatory bowel disease. The association of LRG with the endoscopic activity and predictability of mucosal healing (MH) was determined and compared with those of C-reactive protein (CRP) and fecal markers (fecal immunochemical test [FIT] and fecal calprotectin [Fcal]) in 166 ulcerative colitis (UC) and 56 Crohn's disease (CD) patients. In UC, LRG was correlated with the endoscopic activity and could predict MH, but the performance was not superior to that of fecal markers (areas under the curve [AUCs] for predicting MH: LRG: 0.61, CRP: 0.59, FIT: 0.75, and Fcal: 0.72). In CD, the performance of LRG was equivalent to that of CRP and Fcal (AUCs for predicting MH: LRG: 0.82, CRP: 0.82, FIT: 0.70, and Fcal: 0.88). LRG was able to discriminate patients with MH from those with endoscopic activity among UC and CD patients with normal CRP levels. LRG was associated with endoscopic activity and could predict MH in both UC and CD patients. It may be particularly useful in CD.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-021-90441-x

PubMed

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一財)日本消化器病学会  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Although oral mesalamine is the first-choice drug for treating mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis (UC), some patients show symptoms of intolerance, including exacerbation of diarrhea and abdominal pain. The present study clarified the current state and clinical courses of patients with mesalamine intolerance. METHODS: Patients who were diagnosed with UC and administered oral mesalamine at eight hospitals in Japan with a follow-up period exceeding 1 year were analyzed. RESULTS: Sixty-seven (11%) of 633 patients showed intolerance to at least one formulation of oral mesalamine. The frequency of mesalamine intolerance has increased in recent years, rising from 5.3% in 2007-2010 to 9.1% in 2011-2013 and 16.2% in 2014-2016. The most common complications were the exacerbation of diarrhea (n = 29), a fever (n = 25), and abdominal pain (n = 22). Readministration of mesalamine/sulfasalazine was attempted in 43 patients, mostly with other types of formulation of mesalamine, and more than half of these patients proved to be tolerant. The risk factors for mesalamine intolerance were female gender (odds ratio [OR] = 1.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-3.12), age < 60 years old (OR = 2.82; CI, 1.19-8.33), and pancolitis (OR = 2.09; 95% CI, 1.23-3.60). There were no significant differences in the use of anti-tumor necrosis factor-α agents, colectomy, or steroid-free remission at the last visit between patients with and without mesalamine intolerance. CONCLUSIONS: Mesalamine intolerance is not rare, and its frequency has been increasing recently. The prognosis of patients with mesalamine intolerance did not differ significantly from that of those without intolerance.

DOI： 10.1111/jgh.15138

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND: It is often difficult to diagnose inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-associated neoplasia endoscopically due to background inflammation. In addition, due to the absence of sensitive tumor biomarkers, countermeasures against IBD-associated neoplasia are crucial. The purpose of this study is to develop a new diagnostic method through the application of liquid biopsy. METHODS: Ten patients with IBD-associated cancers and high-grade dysplasia (HGD) with preserved tumor tissue and blood were included. Tumor and non-tumor tissues were analyzed for 48 cancer-related genes using next-generation sequencing. Simultaneously, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) was analyzed for mutations in the target genes using digital PCR. RESULTS: Out of 10 patients, seven had IBD-related cancer and three had IBD-related HGD. Two patients had carcinoma in situ; moreover, three had stageII and two had stage III. To avoid false positives, the mutation rate cutoff was set at 5% based on the control results; seven of 10 (70%) tumor tissue samples were mutation-positive. Mutation frequencies for each gene were as follows: TP53 (20.9%; R136H), TP53 (25.0%; C110W), TP53 (8.5%; H140Q), TP53 (31.1%; R150W), TP53 (12.8%; R141H), KRAS (40.0%; G12V), and PIK3CA (34.1%; R 88Q). The same mutations were detected in the blood of these seven patients. However, no mutations were detected in the blood of the remaining three patients with no tumor tissue mutations. The concordance rate between tumor tissue DNA and blood ctDNA was 100%. CONCLUSION: Blood liquid biopsy has the potential to be a new method for non-invasive diagnosis of IBD-associated neoplasia.

DOI： 10.1186/s12885-020-07699-z

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一財)日本消化器病学会  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Determining factors that predict a favorable disease course without anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents would help establish a more cost-effective strategy for Crohn's disease (CD). A retrospective chart review was performed for CD patients with disease durations > 10 years who had not received anti-TNF agents as first-line therapy. Patients were divided into 2 groups: those who received neither anti-TNF agents nor bowel resection (G1), and those who had received an anti-TNF agent and/or bowel resection (G2). The patient backgrounds, therapies and clinical courses were compared between the groups. A total of 62 CD patients met the inclusion criteria (males: 71%; median duration of follow-up: 19 years). Six patients were included in G1; they were significantly less likely to have upper gastrointestinal lesions than G2 (p=0.007). A multivariate analysis revealed that the significant factors for avoidance of bowel resection without anti-TNF treatment were non-stricturing and non-penetrating behaviors, and absence of upper gastrointestinal lesions at the diagnosis (hazard ratios 0.41 and 0.52; p=0.004 and 0.04, respectively). In consideration of the long treatment course of CD, patients with non-stricturing and non-penetrating behaviors and no upper gastrointestinal lesions should not be treated with anti-TNF agents as first-line therapy.

DOI： 10.18926/AMO/60363

PubMed

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Underwater endoscopic mucosal resection (UEMR) has become widespread for treating colorectal polyps. However, which observational mode is best suited for determining polyp margins underwater remains unclear. To determine the best mode, we analyzed three imaging modes: white light imaging (WLI), blue laser imaging (BLI) and linked color imaging (LCI). METHODS: Images of consecutive colorectal polyps previously examined by these three modes before UEMR were analyzed according to the degree of underwater turbidity (transparent or cloudy). Color differences between the polyps and their surroundings were calculated using the Commission Internationale d'Eclairage Lab color space in which 3-D color parameters were expressed. Eight evaluators, who were blinded to the histology, scored the visibility from one (undetectable) to four (easily detectable) in both underwater conditions. The color differences and visibility scores were compared. RESULTS: Seventy-three polyps were evaluated. Sixty-one polyps (44 adenomatous, 17 serrated) were observed under transparent conditions, and 12 polyps (seven adenomatous, five serrated) were observed under cloudy conditions. Under transparent conditions, color differences for the BLI (8.5) and LCI (7.9) were significantly higher than that of WLI (5.7; P < 0.001). Visibility scores for BLI (3.6) and LCI (3.4) were also higher than that of WLI (3.1; P < 0.0001). Under cloudy conditions, visibility scores for LCI (2.9) and WLI (2.7) were significantly higher than that of BLI (2.2; P < 0.0001 and P = 0.04, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: BLI and LCI were better observational modes in transparent water; however, BLI was unsuitable for cloudy conditions.

DOI： 10.1111/den.13581

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Objective With the advent of capsule endoscopy (CE) and double-balloon endoscopy (DBE), the diagnosis and treatment of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB) have markedly progressed. However, rebleeding sometimes occurs and is difficult to diagnose and treat. The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical features of OGIB and risk factors for rebleeding in our hospital. Methods A total of 195 patients who underwent CE and/or DBE for OGIB in our hospital from January 2009 to July 2016 were included in the present study. We analyzed 168 cases of small intestinal OGIB, after excluding 27 cases of extra small intestinal bleeding. The clinical characteristics and risk factors related to rebleeding were retrospectively studied. Results Among the 168 patients who were included in the analysis, 95 patients (56.5%) were male. The mean age was 64.5 years (range, 8 to 87 years). Hypertension (31.0%) was the most frequent comorbidity, followed by chronic kidney disease (19.0%). The final diagnoses were ulcerative lesions (n=50, 29.8%), vascular lesions (n=30, 17.9%), tumors (n=7, 4.2%), and diverticula (n=2, 1.2%). The bleeding source was undetermined in the remaining 79 cases (47.0%). Rebleeding was confirmed in 29 cases (17.3%). In a univariate analysis, chronic kidney disease, vascular lesions, and overt previous bleeding were significantly associated with the risk of rebleeding. A multivariate analysis showed that chronic kidney disease, vascular lesion, and overt previous bleeding were significantly associated with the risk of rebleeding. Conclusion Patients with OGIB with overt previous bleeding, vascular lesions, and/or chronic kidney disease had a higher risk of rebleeding.

DOI： 10.2169/internalmedicine.3628-19

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND: Small bowel stricture is one of the most common complications in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). Endoscopic balloon dilatation (EBD) is a minimally invasive treatment intended to avoid surgery; however, whether EBD prevents subsequent surgery remains unclear. We aimed to reveal the factors contributing to surgery in patients with small bowel stricture and the factors associated with subsequent surgery after initial EBD. METHODS: Data were retrospectively collected from surgically untreated CD patients who developed symptomatic small bowel stricture after 2008 when the use of balloon-assisted enteroscopy and maintenance therapy with anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) became available. RESULTS: A total of 305 cases from 32 tertiary referral centers were enrolled. Cumulative surgery-free survival was 74.0% at 1 year, 54.4% at 5 years, and 44.3% at 10 years. The factors associated with avoiding surgery were non-stricturing, non-penetrating disease at onset, mild severity of symptoms, successful EBD, stricture length < 2 cm, and immunomodulator or anti-TNF added after onset of obstructive symptoms. In 95 cases with successful initial EBD, longer EBD interval was associated with lower risk of surgery. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that an EBD interval of ≤ 446 days predicted subsequent surgery, and the proportion of smokers was significantly high in patients who required frequent dilatation. CONCLUSIONS: In CD patients with symptomatic small bowel stricture, addition of immunomodulator or anti-TNF and smoking cessation may improve the outcome of symptomatic small bowel stricture, by avoiding frequent EBD and subsequent surgery after initial EBD.

DOI： 10.1007/s00535-020-01670-2

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Intestinal graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD) is a serious complication of allo-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Villous atrophy in the terminal ileum is considered a useful diagnostic indicator for GVHD. However, the inter- and intra-observer agreement regarding the ileocolonoscopic findings indicative of acute intestinal GVHD, i.e., villous atrophy in the terminal ileum, are currently insufficient in multiple institutions. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the incidence of villous atrophy in the terminal ileum to diagnose acute intestinal GVHD and determine the inter- and intra-observer agreement regarding this result for experienced endoscopists from multiple institutions. Consecutive patients who underwent allo-HSCT were referred to our institution between May 2008 and September 2015. A total of 54 patients underwent total ileocolonoscopy after allo-HSCT due to suspected intestinal acute GVHD. Subsequently, three observers from different institutions evaluated the cases for the presence of villous atrophy in the terminal ileum. In this study, the pathology results were a gold standard to evaluate the predictive value of ileocolonoscopy detection. Definitive pathological and non-pathological GVHD was diagnosed in 22 and 32 cases, respectively. The results of examining whether villous atrophy could predict GVHD were as follows. For three observers (A, B and C), the sensitivity of villous atrophy in the terminal ileum was 86.4, 77.3 and 79.2%, respectively, whereas the specificity was 62.5, 62.5 and 86.7%, respectively. The positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of villous atrophy for GVHD were as follows: The PPV of appearance was 61.3, 58.6 and 82.6%, respectively, whereas the NPV was 87.0, 80.0 and 83.9%, respectively. Kappa coefficients for the inter-observer reliability were 0.85, 0.63 and 0.63 for observers A and B, A and C, and B and C, respectively. The intra-observer kappa coefficient was 0.88 for observer A, 0.73 for observer B and 0.75 for observer C. A substantial observer agreement was achieved for the analysis of villous atrophy in the terminal ileum and the agreement for the predictive histological diagnosis was also excellent. Based on the results of the present study, identification of villous atrophy in the terminal ileum was a clinically effective diagnostic parameter, even if different endoscopists were involved in the diagnosis at multiple institutions. The present study was registered as a trial with the University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN; registration no. UMIN000025390).

DOI： 10.3892/etm.2020.8538

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Oral mesalazine and sulfasalazine (SASP) are key drugs for treating ulcerative colitis (UC). The efficacy of switching from one of the several mesalazine formulations to another is largely unknown. This study assessed the efficacy of switching among three types of mesalazine formulation and SASP for UC therapy. METHODS: UC patients receiving high-dose mesalazine/SASP who switched to other formulations due to disease activity were considered eligible. Efficacy was evaluated 2, 6, and 12 months after switching. RESULTS: A total of 106 switches in 88 UC patients were analyzed. The efficacy at 2 months after switching was observed in 23/39 (59%) cases from any mesalazine formulation to SASP, in 18/55 (33%) cases from one mesalazine to another, and in 2/12 (17%) cases from SASP to any mesalazine formulation. Nine of 43 effective cases showed inefficacy or became intolerant post-switching. Delayed efficacy more than two months after switching was observed in four cases. Steroid-free remission was achieved in 42/106 (39%) cases-within 100 days in 35 of these cases (83%). CONCLUSIONS: Switching from mesalazine to SASP was effective in more than half of cases. The efficacy of switching between mesalazine formulations was lower but may be worth attempting in clinical practice from a safety perspective.

DOI： 10.3390/jcm8122109

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The herbal medicine berberine (BBR) has been recently shown to be an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) productive activator with various properties that induce anti-inflammatory responses. We investigated the effects of BBR on the mechanisms of mucosal CD4+T cell activation in vitro and on the inflammatory responses in T cell transfer mouse models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We examined the favorable effects of BBR in vitro, using lamina propria (LP) CD4+ T cells in T cell transfer IBD models in which SCID mice had been injected with CD4+CD45RBhigh T cells. BBR suppressed the frequency of IFN-γ- and Il-17A-producing LP CD4+ T cells. This effect was found to be regulated by AMPK activation possibly induced by oxidative phosphorylation inhibition. We then examined the effects of BBR on the same IBD models in vivo. BBR-fed mice showed AMPK activation in the LPCD4+ T cells and an improvement of colitis. Our study newly showed that the BBR-induced AMPK activation of mucosal CD4+ T cells resulted in an improvement of IBD and underscored the importance of AMPK activity in colonic inflammation.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-019-48331-w

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Although previous studies compared the efficacy of infliximab (IFX) versus adalimumab (ADA) as the first-line biologics for Crohn's disease (CD), the difference in long-term prognosis based on which biologic was used first has scarcely been reported. In particular, the clinical courses after loss of response (LOR) of the first-line biologics are largely unknown. METHODS: A multicenter, retrospective study was performed. Disease courses of biologic-naïve CD patients who were started on IFX or ADA treatment were evaluated, even after LOR of the initial biologics. RESULTS: In total, 263 CD patients were eligible for analysis, 183 were treated with IFX first, and 80 were treated with ADA first. The median observation period was 64.2 months. The cumulative steroid-free remission rates and surgery-free rates did not differ significantly between the patients treated with IFX first and those treated with ADA first (log-rank test P = 0.42 and P = 0.74, respectively). In addition, no significant difference was observed in the rate of occurrence of events associated with ineffectiveness (modification of anti-tumor necrosis factor treatment including intensification, switch, discontinuation, or surgery) between the patient groups (log-rank test P = 0.62). The patients treated with IFX first were likely to discontinue the agent due to adverse events, whereas those treated with ADA first were likely to discontinue due to treatment failure or LOR. CONCLUSIONS: No significant difference was observed in the long-term prognosis between biologic-naïve patients with CD who were started treatment with IFX first and ADA first.

DOI： 10.1111/jgh.14624

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Fecal calprotectin (Fcal) as well as the fecal immunochemical test (FIT) are useful biomarkers for detecting activity and mucosal healing in inflammatory bowel diseases. Here, we report the performance of simultaneous measurements of Fcal and FIT for ulcerative colitis (UC) patients using the newly-developed latex agglutination turbidimetric immunoassay (LATIA) system. METHODS: Fcal and hemoglobin were measured by the LATIA system in 152 UC patients who underwent colonoscopy. Fcal was also quantified with a conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Fecal markers were evaluated in conjunction with the mucosal status of UC, which was assessed via the Mayo endoscopic subscore (MES) classification. RESULTS: The LATIA system could quantify calprotectin and hemoglobin simultaneously with the same fecal samples within 10 minutes. The values of the Fcal-LATIA closely correlated with those of the Fcal-ELISA (Spearman rank correlation coefficient, r=0.84; P<0.0001). The values of Fcal for each assay and the FIT all significantly correlated with the MESs (Spearman rank correlation coefficient, Fcal-LATIA: r=0.58, Fcal-ELISA: r=0.55, and FIT: r=0.72). The mucosal healing predictability (determined by an MES of 0 alone) of the Fcal-LATIA, Fcal-ELISA, and FIT-LATIA with the cutoffs determined by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was 0.79, 0.78, and 0.92 for sensitivity, respectively, and 0.78, 0.69, and 0.73 for specificity, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The performance of the novel Fcal-LATIA was equivalent to that of the conventional Fcal assay. Simultaneous measurements with FITs would promote the clinical relevance of fecal biomarkers in UC.

DOI： 10.5217/ir.2018.00086

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is reportedly one of the standard treatment strategies for large superficial colorectal neoplasms in Japan because of its high en bloc resection rate. A few technical issues regarding ESD should be considered, one of which is the selection of the Endo-cut I mode versus the Swift-coagulation mode as the electrosurgical unit mode setting during submucosal dissection. We seek to determine which of these two modes is more suitable for submucosal dissections of colorectal tumors with regard to procedure time and safety.

DOI： 10.18926/AMO/56463

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記述言語：英語  

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Clip closure of mucosal defects after colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (C-ESD) may decrease the incidence of delayed adverse events. The size of the defect to be closed by conventional clip is limited, however, and we sometimes encounter incomplete closure when the defect is located at the flexure. As, theoretically, underwater clip closure (UCC) could achieve complete closure despite these difficult cases, we investigated its feasibility. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 21 patients who underwent UCC after C-ESD. The main outcome was the UCC success rate, defined as complete closure of the defect. Other outcomes were procedure time, number of clips, and the delayed adverse event rate. RESULTS: The median resected specimen size was 31 mm (range 18-47 mm). The UCC success rate was 100%. The median procedure time was only 11 min (range 6-21 min). The median number of clips was 9 (range 5-16). No delayed adverse event occurred. CONCLUSION: It is feasible to use UCC to close large mucosal defects, although further studies are warranted to assess its efficacy.

DOI： 10.1159/000492815

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The influences of Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy on the disease course of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are still unclear. We therefore conducted a multicenter, retrospective cohort study to evaluate the safety of H. pylori eradication therapy for IBD patients. METHODS: IBD patients with H. pylori eradication from 2005 to 2015 (eradication group) and control patients (non-eradication group; 2 paired IBD patients without H. pylori eradication matched with each eradicated patient) were included. IBD exacerbation (increased/additional IBD drug or IBD-associated hospitalization/surgery) and disease improvement based on the physicians' global assessment were investigated at baseline, and at 2 and 6 months after eradication or observation. RESULTS: A total of 429 IBD (378 ulcerative colitis, 51 Crohn's disease) patients, comprising 144 patients in the eradication group and 285 patients in the non-eradication group, were enrolled at 25 institutions. IBD exacerbation was comparable between groups (eradication group: 8.3% at 2 months [odds ratio, 1.76; 95% confidence interval, 0.78-3.92; P=0.170], 11.8% at 6 months [odds ratio, 1.60; 95% confidence interval, 0.81-3.11; P=0.172]). Based on the physicians' global assessment at 2 months, none of the patients in the eradication group improved, whereas 3.2% of the patients in the non-eradication group improved (P=0.019). Multivariate analysis revealed that active disease at baseline, but not H. pylori eradication, was an independent factor for IBD exacerbation during 2 months' observation period. The overall eradication rate was 84.0%-comparable to previous reports in non-IBD patients. CONCLUSIONS: H. pylori eradication therapy does not alter the short-term disease activity of IBD.

DOI： 10.5217/ir.2018.00044

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Although mucosal healing (MH) has been considered a treatment goal for patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), the risk factors predictive of relapse in patients who achieve MH are unknown. Because the platelet count has been shown to be a marker of inflammation in inflammatory bowel diseases, this study aimed to assess whether the platelet count could predict relapse in UC patients with MH. METHODS: A prospective observational study was performed. UC patients with MH were consecutively enrolled in the study and monitored for at least 2 years or until relapse. The correlation between the incidence of relapse and the platelet count at the time of study enrollment was examined. RESULTS: In total, 43 patients were enrolled, and 14 patients (33%) relapsed. The median platelet count at the time of enrollment in the patients who relapsed significantly differed from that in the patients who did not relapse (27.2×10⁴/μL vs 23.8×10⁴/μL, respectively; p=0.016). A platelet count ＞25.0×10⁴/μL was a significant risk factor for relapse based on a multivariate analysis (hazard ratio, 4.85; 95% confidence interval, 1.07 to 25.28), and according to the Kaplan-Meier analysis, this cutoff could identify patients susceptible to relapse (p=0.041, log-rank test). CONCLUSIONS: The platelet count could be used as a predictor of relapse in UC patients with MH.

DOI： 10.5009/gnl17236

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND: Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a common complication of allo-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Endoscopic biopsy can provide a definitive diagnosis, but the optimal endoscopic approach for diagnosis remains uncertain. This study evaluated whether ileocolonoscopic imaging can predict acute GVHD severity after allo-HSCT. METHODS: Consecutive patients who underwent allo-HSCT were referred to our institution, and those diagnosed with acute GVHD by pathology were included in this retrospective study. RESULTS: Fifty-one of 261 patients who underwent ileocolonoscopy were suspected to have acute intestinal GVHD. We performed univariate and multivariate conditional logistic regression with stepwise variable selection; villous atrophy in the terminal ileum remained a statistically significant predictor of GVHD severity (odds ratio, 4.69; 95% confidence interval, 1.07-20.60, P = 0.04). Patients were classified into three groups based on ileal endoscopic findings in the terminal ileum: group S, GVHD with severe villous atrophy; group M, mild atrophy; and group N, no atrophy. Compared with patients in groups M and N, those in group S had significant clinical GVHD at diagnosis (P = 0.03). In group S, three of four, compared with five of 13 patients in groups M and N, required the addition of second-line agents (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that severe atrophy of the terminal ileum predicts severe clinical GVHD that is likely to be refractory to steroid treatment. Thus, the severity of terminal ileum atrophy may serve as a tool in predicting clinically severe GVHD. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Trial Registration Number UMIN 000022805 , Registration date July 1, 2016.

DOI： 10.1186/s12876-018-0829-4

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Neuroendocrine neoplasms, including neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs), are rare epithelial tumors with a predominant neuroendocrine differentiation. Compared with NETs, NECs have been reported to be rarer and have a poorer prognosis. We present a rare case of small bowel NEC diagnosed using double-balloon endoscopy (DBE) and the long-term survival accomplished via intensive therapy. DBE revealed an ulcerative tumor in the deep jejunum, and biopsy specimens showed large and highly dysplastic tumor cells; immuno-histological synaptophysin and chromogranin A tests were positive, and the Ki-67 index was more than 90%. Partial intestinal resection without complete lymph node dissection was performed and, postoperatively, chemotherapy was administered. The patient was observed for 3 years after chemotherapy, and complete remission was maintained.

DOI： 10.1007/s12328-018-0834-8

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) for treatment of esophageal motility disorders has recently been reported to be highly effective and less invasive than other treatment. POEM was recently introduced in Okayama University Hospital under the supervision of a physician from a high-volume center. To verify the safety and efficacy of POEM during its introduction in our institution. We examined 10 cases in whom POEM was performed between January 2016 and April 2017. The patients included 7 men and 3 women, with a median age (range) of 49 years (17-74) and median symptom duration of 6 years (1-21). Seven patients had a straight esophagus, and the remaining 3 had a sigmoid esophagus. According to the Chicago classification, 6 patients were diagnosed with type I achalasia, 2 with type II achalasia, and 2 with distal esophagus spasm. Treatment outcomes and adverse events were evaluated. Treatment success was defined as a > 3 decrease in Eckardt score or a score of <3 at the time of discharge. The treatment success rate was 90%, with the average Eckardt score decreasing significantly, from 4.7 to 0.9 (p<0.05). No mucosal perforation, severe infection, mediastinitis, severe bleeding, or gastroesophageal reflux occurred intraoperatively or postoperatively. POEM was introduced to Okayama University Hospital, and the first 10 cases were accomplished safely and effectively under the supervision of an expert physician from a high-volume center.

DOI： 10.18926/AMO/55849

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

To analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with ulcerative colitis who have upper gastrointestinal lesions, we retrospectively reviewed the data of 216 patients with ulcerative colitis who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy at our institute in April 2008-March 2016. We investigated the endoscopic features and compared the clinical characteristics between the patients with and without upper gastrointestinal lesions. Forty-two patients (19.4%) had upper gastrointestinal lesions, including multiple erosions (n=18), bamboo joint-like appearance (n=17), mucosa with white spots (n=4), friable mucosa (n=2), ulcer (n=1), and purulent deposits within the mucosa (n=1) in the stomach and/or duodenum. Compared to the patients without upper gastrointestinal lesions, those with upper gastrointestinal lesions showed significantly more frequent extraintestinal manifestations (19.0% vs. 8.0%, p<0.05) and a significant history of colectomy (33.3% vs. 12.1%, p<0.01). There were no significant differences with regard to the sex ratio, age at esophagogastroduodenoscopy, gastrointestinal symptoms, time since the diagnosis of ulcerative colitis, type of colitis at the initial diagnosis of ulcerative colitis, or gastric atrophy between the groups. In conclusion, gastroduodenal lesions were identified in 19.4% of the patients with ulcerative colitis. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy is particularly recommended for ulcerative colitis patients who show extraintestinal manifestations and for those who have undergone a colectomy.

DOI： 10.18926/AMO/55850

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Both fecal immunochemical test (FIT) and fecal calprotectin (Fcal) results are useful biomarkers for ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the situations in which each marker should be used are largely unknown. METHODS: A total of 110 colonoscopy intervals of UC patients were assessed, and correlations between changes in colonoscopic findings and changes in the two aforementioned fecal markers were examined. RESULTS: Among patients with mucosal healing (MH) and negative FIT or Fcal results at the initial colonoscopy, FIT and Fcal findings exhibited accuracies of 93% (38/41) and 79% (26/33), respectively, for predicting the results of the subsequent examination. Among the 24 patients who showed endoscopic activity at the precedent colonoscopy and MH at the subsequent examination, positive-to-negative conversion of FIT and Fcal findings at the subsequent examination was observed in 92% (12/13) and 62% (8/13) of patients, respectively. Among the 43 patients who showed endoscopic activity at both the precedent and subsequent examinations, Fcal findings reflected the change in endoscopic activity better than FIT results (r=0.59, p＜0.0001 vs r=0.30, p=0.054). CONCLUSIONS: The FIT is useful for confirming MH and the occurrence of relapse. In contrast, Fcal is useful for monitoring the mucosal status of patients with active inflammation.

DOI： 10.5009/gnl17013

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND: Both faecal calprotectin [Fcal] and the faecal immunochemical test [FIT] are useful to predict clinical relapse of ulcerative colitis [UC]. However, the difference between Fcal and FIT in ability to predict relapse has scarcely been reported. Whether the combined use of these two faecal markers increases the predictability is also unknown. METHODS: UC patients in clinical remission who underwent colonoscopy were enrolled prospectively, and the Fcal and FIT values were examined at enrolment. Their clinical course was observed for 2 years or until relapse. The correlation between the incidence of relapse and the values of the two markers was examined. RESULTS: A total of 113 patients were enrolled, and 48 [42%] relapsed. Fcal ≥ 75 μg/g and FIT ≥ 110 ng/mL were defined as Fcal-positive and FIT-positive, respectively, according to the receiver operating characteristic curves. Both Fcal-positive and FIT-positive statuses were independent predictive factors of clinical relapse (hazard ratio [HR] 2.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23-4.49; p = 0.0086, and HR 2.91; 95% CI, 1.49-5.50; p = 0.0022, respectively). Categorisation of patients into three groups according to the faecal marker status [FIT-positive, FIT-negative and Fcal-positive, and both negative] can efficiently stratify the risk of relapse with graded increases in risk [FIT-negative and Fcal-positive: HR 2.05; 95% CI, 1.02-4.43; p = 0.0045, and FIT-positive: HR 5.43; 95% CI, 2.57-11.76; p < 0.0001, compared with both negative]. CONCLUSIONS: Fcal vs FIT showed distinct properties regarding the prediction of relapse in UC. A risk assessment using both faecal markers could increase the predictability for relapse.

DOI： 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjx118

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The efficacy of anti-tumor necrosis factor α (anti-TNFα) antibodies for postoperative Crohn's disease (CD) in patients who were treated with these agents prior to surgery is largely unknown. METHODS: CD patients who underwent intestinal resection and received anti-TNFα agents after surgery were divided into 2 groups according to the presence or absence of preoperative anti-TNFα treatment: anti-TNFα restart group or anti-TNFα naïve group. Endoscopic recurrence after surgery was examined according to the preoperative conditions, including administration of anti-TNFα agents before surgery. RESULTS: Thirty-six patients received anti-TNFα antibody after surgery: 22 in the anti-TNFα restart group and 14 in the anti-TNFα naïve group. Endoscopic recurrence after surgery was more frequently observed in the anti-TNFα restart group than in the anti-TNFα naïve group (68% vs. 14%, P<0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed the following significant risk factors of endoscopic recurrence after surgery: anti-TNF restart group (odds ratio [OR], 28.10; 95% CI, 3.08-722.00), age at diagnosis <23 years (OR, 24.30; 95% CI, 1.67-1,312.00), serum albumin concentration at surgery <3.3 g/dL (OR, 34.10; 95% CI, 1.72-2,804.00), and presence of inflammation outside of the surgical site (OR, 21.40; 95% CI, 1.02-2,150.00). Treatment intensification for patients with endoscopic recurrence in the anti-TNFα restart group showed limited responses, with only 1 of 12 patients achieving endoscopic remission. CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy of restarting anti-TNFα antibody treatment after surgery was limited, and treatment intensification or a change to different classes of biologics should be considered for those patients.

DOI： 10.5217/ir.2018.16.1.75

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記述言語：日本語  

DOI： 10.11405/nisshoshi.115.203

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記述言語：英語  

We describe two cases of leiomyoma in the colon that were diagnosed histologically after endoscopic resection. The first case was a 79-year-old Japanese woman who presented with a pedunculated polyp of 14 mm length at the splenic flexure. Preoperative diagnosis suggested a colonic mucosubmucosal elongated polyp. The second case was a 29-year-old Japanese woman who presented with a pedunculated polyp of 40 mm length at the hepatic flexure and had an ulcer on top of the polyp. Preoperative diagnosis suggested an inflammatory fibroid polyp. A pathological diagnosis of colonic leiomyoma was made after endoscopic resection in both cases. Both tumors were confirmed to originate, not from the proper muscle layer, but from the muscularis mucosae. These cases underscore that although colonic involvement is infrequent, leiomyomas can display pedunculated morphology in the colon rather than the typical gross appearance of gastrointestinal submucosal tumors seen with sessile morphology.

DOI： 10.1155/2018/8272313

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND: The clinical outcome of patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB) during antithrombotic drug therapy has not been fully investigated. METHODS: Patients who underwent video capsule endoscopy (VCE) for the investigation of OGIB at Okayama University Hospital from January 2009 to March 2016 were enrolled. We evaluated the VCE findings, the patterns of OGIB, and the rate of rebleeding within 1 year in antithrombotic drug users and antithrombotic drug nonusers. RESULTS: A total of 181 patients were enrolled. Among the antithrombotic drug users, the rate of VCE positivity in the patients with overt OGIB was significantly higher in comparison with patients with occult OGIB (45% versus 16%, p = 0.014), whereas there was no significant difference among the antithrombotic drug nonusers (27% versus 26%, p = 1.0). Among the antithrombotic drug users, the rate of rebleeding among the VCE-positive patients was significantly higher in comparison with the VCE-negative patients (50% versus 5.9%, p = 0.011). Moreover, among antithrombotic drug users who did not receive therapeutic intervention, the rate of rebleeding among the VCE-positive patients was significantly higher in comparison with the VCE-negative patients (75% versus 6.3%, p = 0.001). However, among the antithrombotic drug nonusers who did not receive therapeutic intervention, the rebleeding rate of the VCE-positive patients was not significantly different from that of the VCE-negative patients (20% versus 9.4%, p = 0.43). CONCLUSION: Therapeutic intervention should be considered for patients with overt OGIB who are VCE positive and who use antithrombotic drugs due to the high risk of rebleeding.

DOI： 10.1177/1756283X17746930

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND: Patients with Crohn's disease (CD) with small bowel strictures are at risk of surgery. Double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) can evaluate the status of the small intestine, and retrograde contrast through the scope enables the surgeon to obtain information beyond the reach of the scope. This study aimed to examine whether a retrograde contrast study through DBE could be used as a predictor of subsequent surgery in patients with CD with small intestinal strictures. METHODS: The findings of DBE with retrograde contrast in 48 patients CD with small bowel strictures were examined. RESULTS: Of the 48 patients, 14 (29%) underwent surgery for small intestinal strictures during a median observation period of 2.4 years (interquartile range: 1.4-3.7 yr). According to the results of the multivariate analysis, a maximum length of strictures ≥20 mm and the ratio of the maximum diameter of prestenotic dilations to the diameter of the normal small intestine ≥1.4 were independent risk factors of surgery for small intestinal strictures (risk ratio = 7.6 [95% confidence interval, 1.8-42.0], P = 0.006; and risk ratio = 52.0 [95% confidence interval, 3.5-2485.1], P = 0.002, respectively). The latter predicted subsequent surgery with 92% sensitivity and 88% specificity. Cumulative surgery-free rates were discriminated significantly according to the presence or absence of these 2 risk factors (log-rank test: P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Findings of retrograde contrast through DBE are helpful to predict risk of surgery in patients with CD with small intestinal strictures.

DOI： 10.1097/MIB.0000000000001175

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Several reports discussed colonoscopic surveillance after polypectomy and endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) for colorectal polyps, but only a few reports focused on prognostic analyses, and none involved metachronous neoplasia after colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). We conducted the present study to assess the risk of adenoma recurrence requiring endoscopic treatment, and to establish appropriate post-ESD colonoscopic surveillance. We enrolled 116 patients who had undergone colorectal ESD at Okayama University Hospital between February 2008 and July 2014 and had been followed-up >12 months. We retrospectively analyzed clinicopathological features of 101 lesions from 101 patients. Metachronous adenomas were detected in 21 cases (20.8%). We divided the patients into 2 groups according to the occurrence of metachronous adenomas. Our comparison of clinicopathological characteristics between these groups showed that in the metachronous adenomas group the number of synchronous adenomas at index colonoscopy was high and the rate of laterally spreading tumor-nongranular (LST-NG) was higher. A multivariate analysis indicated that the number of synchronous adenomas was significantly associated with metachronous adenomas (HR: 2.54, 95%CI: 1.04-6.52, p<0.05). The colonoscopic surveillance planning after colorectal ESD should be more meticulous for patients with more synchronous adenomas.

DOI： 10.18926/AMO/55584

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Few studies have directly compared endo-knives for endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in humans. We compared the performances of the Mucosectom2 and SB knife Jr. PATIENTS AND METHODS:  Two trainee endoscopists performed ESD of 36 lesions in this prospective, randomized controlled trial. Mucosal incision with a 1.5-mm Dual knife and submucosal dissection using the Mucosectom2 were performed in 1 group. Mucosal incision with a 1.5-mm Dual knife and submucosal dissection with a SB knife Jr. were performed in the other group. The primary outcome was the ESD procedure time. Secondary outcomes were total procedure time, self-completion rates, and adverse events. RESULTS: ESD time in Mucosectom2 patients was not significantly shorter than in SB knife Jr. patients (57 ± 32 min vs. 61 ± 44 min, respectively; P  = 0.94). Total procedure time in Mucosectom2 patients was not significantly shorter than in SB knife Jr. patients (81 ± 42 min vs. 82 ± 51 min, respectively; P =  0.85). The trainee self-completion rate was slightly higher in SB knife Jr. patients than in Mucosectom2 patients, although the difference was not significant (94 % vs. 100 %, respectively; P  = 0.959). Fewer hemostatic procedures using the Coagrasper were performed in Mucosectom2 patients than in SB knife Jr. patients, although the difference was not significant (0.62 vs. 0.7, respectively; P  = 0.432). CONCLUSIONS:  Mucosectom2 and SB knife Jr. did not significantly differ in performance for colorectal ESD to safely and reliably enhance ESD. Knife selection is not as important for learning colorectal ESD as patient- and lesion-related factors.

DOI： 10.1055/s-0043-111792

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記述言語：英語  

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2017/8193821.].

DOI： 10.1155/2017/6418529

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記述言語：英語  

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a groundbreaking treatment for tumors adjacent to the appendiceal orifice that are difficult to remove by conventional endoscopic mucosal resection, and successful cases are increasingly reported. However, little is known about the subsequent complications, especially long-term complications. A female in her early 70s with a 15-mm cecal tumor adjacent to the appendiceal orifice - discovered incidentally during a screening colonoscopy - underwent hybrid ESD of the lesion. We completely resected the tumor, and she was discharged 5 days later with a pathological diagnosis of high-grade tubular adenoma. Ten months postoperatively, she experienced sudden-onset right lower quadrant pain and was diagnosed with acute appendicitis at another hospital. Due to suspicion that her condition was the result of residual tumor, her surgeon performed an emergency laparoscopic cecectomy. The pathological examination of the resected specimen showed thick scarring adjacent to the appendiceal orifice and no residual tumor. The previous ESD was identified as the cause of the scar, and the scar was the only finding to account for the patient's appendicitis. This case is significant because the patient required additional surgery due to a complication of ESD. Further, it indicates that acute appendicitis may be a late complication of submucosal dissection near the appendiceal orifice. As ESD becomes more widely used, it is likely that more cecal tumors will be treated endoscopically. It is important to be aware of the late complications of ESD for these tumors.

DOI： 10.1159/000475753

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Background and Aims. Gastrointestinal surveillance is a requirement prior to liver transplantation (LT), but small intestine examination is not generally undertaken. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of capsule endoscopy (CE) for patients with end-stage liver disease. Methods. 31 patients who needed LT were enrolled, and 139 patients who underwent CE over the same period of time acted as controls. Results. Frequency of successful achievement of evaluation of the full length of the small bowel, the mean gastric transit time, and the mean small bowel transit time were not significantly different between the two groups. Abnormalities in the small bowel were found in 26 patients. Comparative analysis revealed that history of EV rupture, history of EV treatment, red color sign of EV, and presence of PHG or HCC were significantly associated with patients with >2 two such findings (high score group). Conclusions. Small bowel examination by CE in patients before liver transplantation could be performed safely and is justified by the high rate of abnormal lesions detected particularly in patients with history of EV therapy or bleeding, red color sign, and presence of PHG or HCC. This study was registered in the UMIN Clinical Trial Registry (UMIN 000008672).

DOI： 10.1155/2017/8193821

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：岡山医学会  

&emsp;Esophageal achalasia is a disorder of the lower esophageal sphincter muscle. Patients present with dysphagia, chest pain, vomiting, and aspiration. Esophageal achalasia had traditionally been treated with esophageal achalasia balloon dilatation and the Heller-Dor method, but in recent years, the use of per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) has increased. Our patient, a 39-yr-old male, began experiencing dysphagia 4 years prior to his referral to our hospital. Based on the results of esophagogastroduodenoscopy, esophageal radiography and high-resolution manometry, we made the diagnosis of esophageal achalasia (Chicago classification type I) . After informed consent from the patient and his family and approval from our hospital's ethics committee were obtained, we performed a POEM. The patient was discharged on the 4th day post-surgery. At the 1-year post-operative examination, no worsening of symptoms and no relapse were observed. POEM is an excellent treatment method for esophageal achalasia from the perspective of therapeutic effect and prevention of invasion. We recommend that it be considered as the first-choice treatment for achalasia. However, accessibility to the procedure itself is limited due to the few adequately trained operators worldwide. POEM should thus be performed by an expert operator at a high-volume center.

DOI： 10.4044/joma.129.115

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その他リンク： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2017339773

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

AIM: To assess the risk of relapse in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients in clinical remission using mucosal status and fecal immunochemical test (FIT) results. METHODS: The clinical outcomes of 194 UC patients in clinical remission who underwent colonoscopy were based on evaluations of Mayo endoscopic subscores (MESs) and FIT results. RESULTS: Patients with an MES of 0 (n = 94, 48%) showed a ten-fold lower risk of relapse than those with an MES of 1-3 (n = 100, 52%) (HR = 0.10, 95%CI: 0.05-0.19). A negative FIT result (fecal hemoglobin concentrations ≤ 100 ng/mL) was predictive of patients with an MES of 0, with a sensitivity of 0.94 and a specific of 0.76. Moreover, patients with a negative FIT score had a six-fold lower risk of clinical relapse than those with a positive score (HR = 0.17, 95%CI: 0.10-0.28). Inclusion of the distinguishing parameter, sustaining clinical remission > 12 mo, resulted in an even stronger correlation between negative FIT results and an MES of 0 with respect to the risk of clinical relapse (HR = 0.11, 95%CI: 0.04-0.23). CONCLUSION: Negative FIT results one year or more after remission induction correlate with complete mucosal healing (MES 0) and better prognosis. Performing FIT one year after remission induction may be useful for evaluating relapse risk.

DOI： 10.3748/wjg.v22.i21.5079

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND: We have reported that results of the quantitative faecal immunochemical test (FIT; haemoglobin concentrations in faeces measured using an antibody for human haemoglobin) effectively reflect the mucosal status of ulcerative colitis (UC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictability of flare-up in quiescent UC patients by consecutive FIT evaluation. METHODS: Patients with UC who fulfilled the following criteria by index colonoscopy were enrolled: clinical remission; mucosal healing (Mayo endoscopic subscore 0); and negative FIT (less than 100ng/mL). These patients were followed up prospectively every 1-3 months by monitoring patient symptoms and FIT results between index and subsequent colonoscopies. RESULTS: The intervals between 2 colonoscopies (median 2.51 years) of 83 patients (49 males, median age at onset 34 years, median disease duration 9.74 years) were analysed. None of the 43 (52%) patients who maintained negative FIT throughout the observation period exhibited clinical relapse. On the other hand, 25/40 (63%) patients who showed positive conversion of FIT during the period experienced relapse. The cutoff FIT value of 450ng/mL could predict relapse with 73% positive predictive value and 96% negative predictive value. Moreover, positive conversion of FIT preceded occurrence of symptoms by 1 month or more in nearly one-third of patients with relapse. CONCLUSIONS: Consecutive measurements of FIT in quiescent UC patients who achieved mucosal healing with negative FIT would help identify patients with clinical relapse whose symptoms had not yet presented. Further investigations are required for more precise prediction of relapse with this modality.

DOI： 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw025

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND: Mucosal healing (MH) has been proposed as a treatment goal of inflammatory bowel disease patients. We reported recently that not only fecal calprotectin (Fcal) but also the fecal immunochemical test (FIT) can predict MH in ulcerative colitis. However, the predictive power of the fecal markers for MH in Crohn's disease (CD), particularly with small bowel lesions, has not been reported in detail. The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictability of FIT versus Fcal for MH in CD. METHODS: Consecutive CD patients underwent colonoscopy or balloon-assisted enteroscopy according to the disease location. FIT and Fcal were examined using stool samples collected the day before endoscopy. RESULTS: Seventy-one CD patients were analyzed, of whom 42 (59%) underwent balloon-assisted enteroscopy because of the presence of affected lesions in the small intestine. Both the Fcal and the FIT results were significantly correlated with endoscopic activity (r = 0.67 and 0.54, respectively). However, the FIT results did not correlate with the activity in patients with small bowel lesions alone, whereas Fcal did (r = 0.42 versus 0.78). Fcal predicted MH in CD with 87% sensitivity and 71% specificity, whereas the values for FIT were 96% and 48%, respectively. The specificity for MH among patients with small bowel lesions alone was low for FIT (40%) compared with Fcal (80%). CONCLUSIONS: Both FIT and Fcal were correlated with the mucosal status of CD. However, the specificity of FIT was not satisfactory, particularly for small bowel lesions.

DOI： 10.1097/MIB.0000000000000728

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Accurate evaluation of disease activity is essential for choosing an appropriate treatment and follow-up plan for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Endoscopy is required for accurately evaluating disease activity, but the procedures are sometimes invasive and burdensome to patients. Therefore, alternative non-invasive methods for evaluating or predicting disease activity including mucosal status are desirable. Fecal calprotectin (Fcal) is the most widely used fecal marker for IBD, and many articles have described the performance of the marker in predicting disease activity, mucosal healing (MH), treatment efficacy, and risk of relapse. Fecal immunochemical test (FIT) can quantify the concentration of hemoglobin in stool and was originally used for the screening of colorectal cancer. We recently reported that FIT is also a useful biomarker for IBD. A direct comparison between the use of Fcal and FIT showed that both methods predicted MH in ulcerative colitis equally well. However, in the case of Crohn's disease, FIT was less sensitive to lesions in the small intestine, compared to Fcal. FIT holds several advantages over Fcal in regards to user-friendliness, including a lower cost, easy and clean handling, and the ability to make rapid measurements by using an automated measurement system. However, there is insufficient data to support the application of FIT in IBD. Further studies into the use of FIT for evaluating the inflammatory status of IBD are warranted.

DOI： 10.5217/ir.2016.14.1.5

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Endoscopic therapy has been demonstrated to be effective in achieving hemostasis for bleeding peptic ulcers. Thermal coagulation is one of the most commonly used methods, with a high success rate. Recently, endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric carcinoma was developed and hemostasis with soft coagulation using hemostatic forceps was introduced. The aim of this study was to compare the hemostatic efficacy of soft coagulation with heater probe thermocoagulation for peptic ulcer bleeding. METHODS: Patients who visited our hospital with hematemesis or melena underwent emergency endoscopy. Inclusion criteria were presentation with an actively bleeding ulcer, a nonbleeding visible vessel, or an adherent clot. Patients were excluded if they were unwilling to give written informed consent or had a bleeding gastric malignancy. Patients were randomized to receive endoscopic hemostasis with soft coagulation (Group S) or heater probe thermocoagulation (Group H). The primary endpoint was the primary hemostasis rate and secondary endpoints were rebleeding rate, complications, and the procedure time. RESULTS: Between May 2010 and February 2012, a total of 111 patients (89 gastric ulcers and 22 duodenal ulcers) were enrolled. Primary hemostasis was achieved in 54 patients (96%) in Group S and 37 (67%) in Group H (P<0.0001). Rebleeding occurred in 7 patients in Group H and none in Group S. Of these 7 patients, urgent surgery was performed in 1. Perforation occurred in 2 patients in Group H, which was managed conservatively. CONCLUSIONS: For patients with gastroduodenal ulcer bleeding, soft coagulation using monopolar hemostatic forceps is more effective than heater probe thermocoagulation for achieving hemostasis.

DOI： 10.1097/MCG.0000000000000190

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

OBJECTIVES: We previously showed that a quantitative fecal immunochemical test (FIT) can predict mucosal healing (MH) in ulcerative colitis (UC). Fecal calprotectin (Fcal) has also been reported as an important biomarker of UC activity. The aim of this study was to compare the predictive ability of these two fecal markers for MH in UC. METHODS: FIT and Fcal were examined in stool samples from consecutive UC patients who underwent colonoscopy. Mucosal status was assessed via the Mayo endoscopic subscore (MES). RESULTS: In total, 105 colonoscopies in 92 UC patients were evaluated in conjunction with the FIT and Fcal results. Both FIT and Fcal results were significantly correlated with MES (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient: 0.61 and 0.58, respectively). The sensitivity and specificity of the FIT values (<100 ng/ml) for predicting MH (MES 0 alone) were 0.95 and 0.62, respectively, whereas those of Fcal (<250 μg/g) were 0.82 and 0.62, respectively. The sensitivities became similar when MH was defined as MES 0 or 1 (0.86 vs. 0.86). Although the predictability of MH evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve was similar for the two fecal markers (FIT 0.83 vs. Fcal 0.82 for MES 0 alone), the FIT results were relatively robust regardless of the cutoff value selected. CONCLUSIONS: Both FIT and Fcal can efficiently predict MH in UC, but FIT appears to be more sensitive than Fcal for predicting MES 0 alone.

DOI： 10.1038/ajg.2015.66

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND: Oral tacrolimus therapy is effective for refractory ulcerative colitis (UC), but dose adjustment according to the trough concentrations which varies largely among individuals, is required. This study aimed to identify factors to predict the tacrolimus dose required for achieving the target trough level for remission induction of UC. METHODS: Forty-seven consecutive UC patients who were treated with tacrolimus were retrospectively analyzed. Tacrolimus doses were adjusted every 2 or 3 days to achieve trough concentrations of 10-15 ng/mL. The dose required for reaching the target trough level was analyzed based on disease characteristics, course of trough concentrations, and gene polymorphism related to tacrolimus metabolism. RESULTS: Median daily dose of tacrolimus required for achieving the target trough level was 0.19 (0.07-0.42) mg/kg, and patients were divided into high or low dose group (< 0.2 mg/kg or > 0.2 mg/kg). The value of initial trough concentration/starting dose was higher in the low dose group than in the high dose group (1.35 ng/mL/mg vs. 0.78 ng/mL/mg, p < 0.0001). Although presence of CYP3A5 *1 was more frequently observed in the high dose group, initial trough concentration was the only significant factor for determining requirement of high dose of tacrolimus (OR = 28.0, 95% confidence interval 3.20 - 631). CONCLUSIONS: The most practical predictor of the dose required for achieving the target trough concentration was the trough concentration measured 2 or 3 days after starting tacrolimus therapy. Our findings would make tarcolimus administration for UC safer, easier and more effective.

DOI： 10.1186/s12876-015-0285-3

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Because peroral double-balloon endoscopy (DBE) is a time-consuming, painful procedure, sedation with analgesics, and/or anesthetics is generally required. The aim of this prospective study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of our sedation protocol for peroral DBE, which consisted of target-controlled infusion (TCI) anesthesia with propofol, an intravenous bolus of pentazocine, and bispectral index (BIS) monitoring. METHODS: A total of 34 consecutive patients who underwent DBE by the oral approach were enrolled. Patients were primarily sedated with a continuous infusion of propofol and adjusted in accordance with the BIS levels. The bolus infusion of pentazocine was performed when the propofol infusion was insufficient. The primary outcome measure of this study was to ensure the safety and efficacy of this sedation technique. The secondary purpose was to identify the characteristics of the patient who required the bolus infusion of pentazocine. RESULTS: Five patients (14.7%) required a reduction in the dose of propofol. However, no patient experienced any serious adverse events. All patients (100%) and 80.6% (25/31) of endoscopists answered that the sedation protocol was 'excellent' or 'enough' for peroral DBE. Eleven patients (32.3%) required a bolus injection of pentazocine. Age <60 years and a total procedure time of >70 min were significant risk-factors for pentazocine use. CONCLUSIONS: A combination of propofol via TCI pump, bolus injection of pentazocine as needed, and BIS monitoring was a safe and effective procedure for peroral DBE. Reasonable satisfaction indices were obtained from both patients and endoscopists. Pentazocine was required for young patients and in cases with longer procedure times.

DOI： 10.1159/000369614

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

AIM: To determine the difference in clinical outcome between ulcerative colitis (UC) patients with Mayo endoscopic subscore (MES) 0 and those with MES 1. METHODS: UC patients with sustained clinical remission of 6 mo or more at the time of colonoscopy were examined for clinical outcomes and the hazard ratios of clinical relapse according to MES. Parameters, including blood tests, to identify predictive factors for MES 0 and slight endoscopic recurrence in clinically stable patients were assessed. Moreover, a receiver operating characteristic curve was generated, and the area under the curve was calculated to indicate the utility of the parameters for the division between complete and partial mucosal healing. All P values were two-sided and considered significant when less than 0.05. RESULTS: A total of 183 patients with clinical remission were examined. Patients with MES 0 (complete mucosal healing: n = 80, 44%) were much less likely to relapse than those with MES 1 (partial mucosal healing: n = 89, 48%) (P < 0.0001, log-rank test), and the hazard ratio of risk of relapse in patients with MES 1 vs MES 0 was 8.17 (95%CI: 4.19-17.96, P < 0.0001). The platelet count (PLT) < 26 × 10(4)/μL was an independent predictive factor for complete mucosal healing (OR = 4.1, 95%CI: 2.15-7.99). Among patients with MES 0 at the initial colonoscopy, patients of whom colonoscopy findings shifted to MES 1 showed significant increases in PLT compared to those who maintained MES 0 (3.8 × 10(4)/μL vs -0.6 × 10(4)/μL, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: The relapse rate differed greatly between patients with complete and partial mucosal healing. A shift from complete to partial healing in clinically stable UC patients can be predicted by monitoring PLT.

DOI： 10.3748/wjg.v20.i48.18367

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

AIM: To clarify the impact of cytomegalovirus (CMV) activation and antiviral therapy based on CMV antigen status on the long-term clinical course of ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. METHODS: UC patients with flare-up were divided into CMV-positive and -negative groups according to the CMV antigenemia assay. The main treatment strategy provided for the patients in the CMV-positive group comprised a dose reduction of corticosteroids and administration of ganciclovir. RESULTS: The median number of days to initial remission was significantly greater for the patients in the CMV-positive group (21 d vs 16 d, P = 0.009). However, the relapse rate after remission and colectomy rate during more than 30 mo of observation did not differ between the two groups. Multivariate analysis revealed that administration of ganciclovir was the only independent factor for avoiding colectomy in patients of the CMV-positive group. CONCLUSION: CMV antigen status did not significantly affect the long-term prognosis in UC patients under treatment with appropriate antiviral therapy.

DOI： 10.3748/wjg.v20.i2.509

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

OBJECTIVE: Although the serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level may, to some extent, predict the disease activity in patients with Crohn's disease (CD), it is not always elevated during periods of disease activity. This study aimed to identify factors predicting the presence of active intestinal lesions in CD patients without an elevated CRP level. METHODS: CD patients in whom the presence or absence of active intestinal lesions was evaluated using endoscopic and/or radiologic modalities were divided into two groups based on a negative (<3 mg/L) or positive (≥3 mg/L) CRP level. The correlations between the presence of active intestinal lesions and various clinical variables, including the Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI), leukocyte and platelet counts and hemoglobin, serum albumin and CRP levels, were determined in the CRP-negative patients. RESULTS: Of the 128 patients examined, 70 had a negative CRP status, approximately half of whom had active intestinal lesions. The multivariate analysis revealed a CDAI of >100 and platelet count of >33×10(4)/μL to be significant predictive factors for the presence of active lesions in the CRP-negative patients [CDAI >100, odds ratio (OR) =5.55; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.80-18.74, platelet count >33×10(4)/μL, OR =5.94; 95% CI, 1.34-28.87]. The sensitivity of fulfillment of either criterion for the presence of active intestinal lesions was 83%, while the specificity of fulfillment of both criteria was 94%. CONCLUSION: A relatively low CDAI and platelet count were identified as predictive markers of the presence of active intestinal lesions in CRP-negative CD patients. These results suggest that symptoms and laboratory data should be evaluated very carefully in such patients.

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記述言語：英語  

DOI： 10.1111/j.1443-1661.2012.01394.x

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND: Although hyoscine butyl bromide (HB) and glucagon (GL) are often used as antispasmodic drugs during esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), these agents may cause adverse effects. Recently, it was reported that peppermint oil solution (PO) was very effective and had few side effects. AIM: We clarified the efficacy and usefulness of PO as an antispasmodic during upper endoscopy, especially for elderly patients. METHODS: This study was a non-randomized prospective study. The antispasmodic score (1-5, where 5 represents no spasm) was defined according to the degree of spasms of the antrum and difficulty of biopsy. We compared the antispasmodic scores between non-elderly patients (younger than 70) and elderly patients (70 years old or older) according to the antispasmodic agent. RESULTS: A total of 8,269 (Group PO: HB: GL: NO (no antispasmodic) = 1,893: 6,063: 157: 156) EGD procedures were performed. There was no significant difference in the antispasmodic score between Group PO (mean score ± standard deviation: 4.025 ± 0.925) and Group HB (4.063 ± 0.887). Among the non-elderly patients, those in Group PO (n = 599, 3.923 ± 0.935) had a worse antispasmodic score than those in Group HB (n = 4,583, 4.062 ± 0.876, P < 0.001). However, among the elderly patients, those in Group PO (n = 1,294, 4.073 ± 0.917) had similar scores to those in Group HB (n = 1,480, 4.064 ± 0.921, P = 0.83), and significantly better scores than those in Group GL (n = 69, 3.797 ± 0.933, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Peppermint oil was useful as an antispasmodic during EGD, especially for elderly patients.

DOI： 10.1007/s10620-012-2194-4

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(株)日本メディカルセンター  

＜文献概要＞5-アミノサリチル酸(5-ASA)製剤は潰瘍性大腸炎(UC)の寛解導入と寛解維持に有効であり,軽症〜中等症のUCに用いる基本薬である.本邦ではサラゾスルファピリジンと3種類のメサラジン製剤を用いることが可能で,それぞれ5-ASAの放出機構,薬物動態に特徴がある.寛解導入効果は標準用量から高用量の5-ASAで有効性が認められており,十分量の投与が必要である.また,寛解維持にはアドヒアランスの遵守が重要である.5-ASAは全身の免疫抑制作用はなく安全性は高いとされるが,副作用もある.とくに,腹部症状の悪化をきたす「5-ASAアレルギー」と呼ばれるものがあり,5-ASA製剤内服開始1〜2週間程度で出現することが多い.近年その増加も指摘されており,注意を要する.

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(株)医学出版  

5-aminosalicylic acid(5-ASA)製剤は軽症から中等症までの潰瘍性大腸炎(UC)の寛解導入・寛解維持の両方に用いることのできる基本薬である。日本ではサラゾスルファピリジンと3種類のメサラジン製剤およびそれらのジェネリック製剤、局所製剤(坐剤・注腸製剤)を使用することができる。5-ASA製剤の最大用量の投与により7割前後の症例で有効性が見込まれる。5-ASA製剤による治療中に再燃をきたした場合はアドヒアランスや用量の確認、局所製剤の追加や5-ASA製剤のローテーションも考慮される。また、5-ASA製剤は安全性の高い薬であるが、気を付けるべき副作用もある。特に、治療開始1〜2週間後に発熱、下痢、腹痛の悪化を呈した場合は5-ASA製剤によるアレルギーを疑う。UCの増悪と鑑別が難しい場合もあるが、疑わしい症例に遭遇した場合は5-ASAアレルギーの可能性を念頭におき、製剤を中止することが必要である。(著者抄録)

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本超音波医学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本消化器内視鏡学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(株)先端医学社  

粘膜治癒という治療目標は、潰瘍性大腸炎においては比較的明快で受け入れられやすい一方で、クローン病では炎症活動性モニタリングが容易ではないため単純明快に論じることはむずかしい。しかし、抗TNFα抗体製剤を含めた生物学的製剤の登場やその他の薬剤のエビデンス集積により今まで以上に炎症を制御できるようになり、またサロゲートマーカー、各種内視鏡・画像検査の習熟により細やかで正確なモニタリングが可能となり、粘膜治癒達成、そしてその維持がより現実的になってきている。モニタリングや治療に関しての課題はまだ残されているが、今後更なる高い次元での粘膜治癒の達成、維持を目指したクローン病診療が期待される。(著者抄録)

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(株)日本医事新報社  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(株)日本医事新報社  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本消化器病学会-中国支部  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本消化器病学会-中国支部  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(株)先端医学社  

5-アミノサリチル酸(5-ASA)製剤は軽症から中等症の潰瘍性大腸炎(UC)に対する第一選択薬で基本的には安全な薬剤である。しかしながら、5-ASA製剤の投与に伴いUCの増悪と鑑別がむずかしい下痢・血便の増悪を伴う『5-ASAアレルギー』が起こり得、さらに最近、その頻度も増加傾向にあるとされ注目されている。まず5-ASAアレルギーという病態があることを認識し、経過から5-ASAアレルギーの可能性を疑う場合、5-ASA製剤を中止する『勇気』をもつことが大事である。また、その後の経過が難治になる症例もありうるため、早めに専門医への紹介を考慮すべきである。(著者抄録)

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本消化器内視鏡学会-中国支部  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本消化器病学会-中国支部  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本消化器病学会-中国支部  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本超音波医学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本消化器内視鏡学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一財)日本消化器病学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(株)日本メディカルセンター  

＜文献概要＞免疫学的便潜血検査(FIT)はヒト赤血球中のヘモグロビンに対する特異的抗体を用いて潜血の有無を精密に検出することが可能であり,本邦では大腸癌検診ツールとして広く普及している.またFITは潰瘍性大腸炎(UC)患者における内視鏡的活動性とよく相関し,とくにUCの治療目標の一つである粘膜治癒の予測に優れている.軽度の再燃でも迅速かつ鋭敏に検出するため,UC患者の治療方針決定において大いに参考となりうる.一方で便検体をモニタリング目的として継続して外来へ持参させるには患者側の理解も必要である.医療者が患者への説明も含めて,FITの長所,短所を十二分に理解して活用することが必要である.

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本消化管学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本消化管学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本消化管学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本消化器病学会-中国支部  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一財)日本消化器病学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一財)日本消化器病学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(株)日本メディカルセンター  

＜文献概要＞炎症性腸疾患(IBD)診療における治療の選択肢は年々増えており,多くの患者に速やかな寛解導入,長期の寛解維持が望めるようになってきた.しかし,いったん寛解となっても再燃する場合はあり,その場合にはいかに早期に治療介入できるかが,重要となってくる.再燃を早期に発見するためには,臨床症状の確認とともに,粘膜治癒と相関し,かつ,非侵襲性で繰り返し測定可能なバイオマーカーをうまく利用することが重要である.バイオマーカーの有力な候補として,便中マーカーである便中カルプロテクチン,免疫学的便潜血法がある.臨床的寛解であっても継続的にそれら測定値の上昇を認めた場合は,再燃の可能性を考える必要がある.

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本消化器内視鏡学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一財)日本消化器病学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(株)先端医学社  

shared decision making(SDM)は困難な課題に対して医療従事者と患者とのあいだでなされるべき「意思決定の共有」であり、同時に合意形成をおこなうための重要なコミュニケーションツールである。炎症性腸疾患(IBD)は不均一な患者群で構成されているだけでなく、近年、検査や薬剤の開発が進み、診療の選択肢の幅が急激に増加し複雑化しているため、その診療における選択肢は多岐にわたり、SDMの重要性はいっそう増している。SDMを用いて、エビデンスに基づいたデータを患者の希望や価値観に沿った形で提供することで、患者の疾患に対する理解度、満足度は高まり、より良いIBD診療につなげることが可能となる。(著者抄録)

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本消化器内視鏡学会-中国支部  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本消化器病学会-中国支部  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(株)へるす出版  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本消化器病学会-中国支部  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本臨床免疫学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本消化器内視鏡学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本消化器病学会-四国支部  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本消化器病学会-中国支部  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本消化器内視鏡学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本消化器病学会-中国支部  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本消化器内視鏡学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本消化器病学会-中国支部  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本消化器病学会-中国支部  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本消化器内視鏡学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本消化器内視鏡学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本消化器病学会-中国支部  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本消化器病学会-中国支部  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本消化器病学会-中国支部  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一財)日本消化器病学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一財)日本消化器病学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一財)日本消化器病学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本内科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本消化管学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本消化器病学会-中国支部  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本消化器病学会-中国支部  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本消化器病学会-中国支部  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：岡山医学会  

当院でのカプセル内視鏡(VCE)施行症例のうち、院内紹介症例の特徴をそれ以外の症例と比較した。さらにVCE適応拡大前後におけるVCEの使用目的の推移、特に院内紹介例の推移を比較検討した。適応拡大前(2009年1月から2012年6月:A群)122例と拡大後(2012年7月から2016年2月:B群)292例を対象とした。VCE施行件数は2009年1月の導入以降緩やかに増加していたが、2012年の適応拡大に伴い著明に増加を認めた。原因不明消化管出血(OGIB)症例の頻度は57%から41%へと有意に低下を認める一方、overt OGIBやoccult OGIBは相対的に増加していた。院内紹介例99例の検討では、総数においては循環器内科が最も多く、次いで総合内科、血液内科など各内科系からの紹介症例が大多数を占めていた。適応拡大後に限っては総合内科が最も多くを占めていた。

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その他リンク： https://search-tp.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2018&ichushi_jid=J00175&link_issn=&doc_id=20181205110006&doc_link_id=https%3A%2F%2Fousar.lib.okayama-u.ac.jp%2F56635&url=https%3A%2F%2Fousar.lib.okayama-u.ac.jp%2F56635&type=%89%AA%8ER%91%E5%8Aw%81F%89%AA%8ER%91%E5%8Aw%8Aw%8Fp%90%AC%89%CA%83%8A%83%7C%83W%83g%83%8A&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F80034_3.gif

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本アフェレシス学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一財)日本消化器病学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本消化器内視鏡学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本消化器内視鏡学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：岡山医学会  

症例は80歳代男性で、約60年前に嚥下障害を発症し、食道アカラシアと診断されていた。約15年前に症状が悪化し、食道アカラシアバルーン拡張術を2回施行された。一旦は症状が改善したが、5年前に再度悪化をきたし、Heller-Dor手術を施行された。症状は改善していたが、1年前より嚥下障害と嘔吐が出現した。アカラシアバルーン拡張術およびHeller-Dor手術を施行後、新たに発生した下部食道の運動異常と、それに伴う逆流が、症状再発の原因と診断し、経口内視鏡下筋層切開術(POEM)を施行した。下部食道の運動異常は消失し、バリウムの逆流も認めなかった。経過は良好で、術後4病日に退院となった。現在まで、症状の悪化や再発はきたしていない。

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その他リンク： https://search-tp.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2018&ichushi_jid=J00175&link_issn=&doc_id=20180806220002&doc_link_id=10.4044%2Fjoma.130.67&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.4044%2Fjoma.130.67&type=J-STAGE&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00007_3.gif

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(有)科学評論社  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本消化器内視鏡学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本消化器内視鏡学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本消化器内視鏡学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本消化器内視鏡学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一財)日本消化器病学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本消化管学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一財)日本消化器病学会  

40歳男性。21歳時にクローン病と診断され加療中。イレウス症状を繰り返すため当院紹介。CT検査では回腸狭窄および同部位に高吸収の人工物を認めた。ダブルバルーン内視鏡検査では回腸に多発狭窄を認め、小腸部分切除を施行したところ、狭窄部の近位側に異物を認めた。抽出した異物の解析により、30ヵ月前に嚥下したパテンシーカプセルの非溶解性コーティング膜の滞留と診断した。(著者抄録)

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その他リンク： https://search-tp.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2018&ichushi_jid=J01118&link_issn=&doc_id=20180223480008&doc_link_id=1390001206403117184&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcir.nii.ac.jp%2Fcrid%2F1390001206403117184&type=CiNii&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00003_3.gif

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(株)先端医学社  

炎症性腸疾患(IBD)のバイオマーカーとして、欧米で広く使われている便中カルプロテクチンが保険収載された。便中カルプロテクチンは腸管に浸潤した炎症細胞に由来し、潰瘍性大腸炎(UC)・クローン病(CD)の両疾患で内視鏡的活動性と相関を認め、治療効果判定・再燃予測に応用可能と考えられる。免疫学的便潜血検査(FIT)との比較では、UCの粘膜治癒の検出にはFITのほうがすぐれているが、CDにおける小腸病変との関連などはカルプロテクチンのほうがすぐれている。便中マーカーはある一時点の絶対値を重視するのではなく、患者の経過中にくり返し測定し、病勢の推移を推定する指標として使うべきである。(著者抄録)

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本消化器内視鏡学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本大腸肛門病学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本消化器内視鏡学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本消化器内視鏡学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：岡山医学会  

39歳男。食事摂取後の嚥下困難を主訴に近医受診し、上部消化管内視鏡検査で食道アカラシアと診断され、精査加療目的に当院紹介となった。食道X線造影検査(バリウム50ml内服)で食道内に5分間以上のバリウム停滞を認め、異常蠕動を認めた。高解像度食道内圧検査(嚥下試験)で下部食道の収縮圧は24mmHgであり、胃食道接合部の弛緩は認めなかった。これらの所見から、食道アカラシアのシカゴ分類type Iと診断し、POEMを施行した。翌日の食道X線造影検査でバリウムは速やかに胃内へ流入することが確認され、その後の経過も良好で、術後4日目に退院となり、1年後の現在まで症状の再燃は認めていない。

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その他リンク： https://search-tp.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2017&ichushi_jid=J00175&link_issn=&doc_id=20170817260005&doc_link_id=10.4044%2Fjoma.129.115&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.4044%2Fjoma.129.115&type=J-STAGE&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00007_3.gif

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：岡山医学会  

58歳男。20年前に予防的大腸亜全摘出術を受け、その後近医で経過観察されていた。今回、腹痛・嘔吐が突然出現し、腸閉塞を疑われ、当院に紹介された。大腸内視鏡検査の所見は残存直腸に5mm以下の腺腫性ポリープが数個残存するのみであった。経口ダブルバルーン小腸内視鏡検査でトライツ靱帯付近に全周性の狭窄を伴う隆起性病変を認めた。隆起表面は正常粘膜に覆われ、一部に発赤調の病変を認めた。上皮性腫瘍を疑い同部位から生検を施行したところ、病理診断はadenocarcinoma(Group5)であった。家族性大腸腺腫症に合併した小腸癌と診断し、腹腔鏡下小腸部分切除+周囲リンパ節郭清術を施行した。術後29日目のCTで肺転移を認め、52日目からFOLFOX+BV療法を開始し、140日目に肺転移巣に対して経皮的ラジオ波焼灼療法を施行した。現在、化学療法を継続中で、Performance Statusは0のままで推移している。

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その他リンク： https://search-tp.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2017&ichushi_jid=J00175&link_issn=&doc_id=20170817260004&doc_link_id=10.4044%2Fjoma.129.111&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.4044%2Fjoma.129.111&type=J-STAGE&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00007_3.gif

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）   出版者・発行元：MOSBY-ELSEVIER  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本消化器内視鏡学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本消化器内視鏡学会  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）   出版者・発行元：W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(株)東京医学社  

腸管Behcet病および単純性潰瘍は、内視鏡像は酷似しているが、前者はBehcet徴候を有する全身性疾患で、後者は腸管に限局した疾患である。基本的には別の疾患と考えられるが、鑑別が難しい場合もある。両疾患の定型病変は回盲部の円形または類円形の深掘れ潰瘍である。その特徴的な形態から診断は容易なこともあるが、特に単純性潰瘍は他疾患との鑑別も必要である。(著者抄録)

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本消化器内視鏡学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一財)日本消化器病学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(株)ヴァンメディカル  

49歳、女性。大腸内視鏡検査で虫垂開口部に増大する粘膜下腫瘍様隆起を指摘され、外科的切除を施行、虫垂子宮内膜症と診断した。術前診断に難渋した虫垂子宮内膜症を経験したので、文献的考察を含めて報告する。(著者抄録)

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(株)日本メディカルセンター  

チオプリン製剤は潰瘍性大腸炎においてステロイド依存例に対するステロイド減量効果,および寛解維持効果を有する貴重な薬剤である.活性体である6-TGN(6-thioguanine nucleotide)に変換され安定して薬効を発揮するまでに時間が必要であり,しばしば副作用を伴うことから使用に当たり習熟が不可欠である.しかし投与開始後から慎重にモニタリングを行うことで対応可能であり,その有効性,利便性,医療経済の観点から抗TNFα抗体製剤に優先してチオプリン製剤を活用すべきである.(著者抄録)

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その他リンク： https://search-tp.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2016&ichushi_jid=J01937&link_issn=&doc_id=20160530220007&doc_link_id=10.19020%2FJ01937.2016299263&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.19020%2FJ01937.2016299263&type=%88%E3%8F%91.jp_%83I%81%5B%83%8B%83A%83N%83Z%83X&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00024_2.gif

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）   出版者・発行元：MOSBY-ELSEVIER  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）   出版者・発行元：MOSBY-ELSEVIER  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）   出版者・発行元：W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）   出版者・発行元：W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）   出版者・発行元：W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一財)日本消化器病学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本大腸検査学会  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）   出版者・発行元：WILEY-BLACKWELL  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本消化器内視鏡学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本消化器内視鏡学会  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）   出版者・発行元：W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）   出版者・発行元：W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）   出版者・発行元：W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一財)日本消化器病学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一財)日本消化器病学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一財)日本消化器病学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本消化器内視鏡学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本消化器内視鏡学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本消化器内視鏡学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本消化器免疫学会  

【目的】Ras/ERK系を抑制するSpred-2のIBDへの関与を検討する。【方法】Spred-2 KOマウスおよびWTマウスにDSS腸炎を誘導し、症状変化・組織像・大腸粘膜の細胞増殖を評価した。【結果】Spred-2 KOマウスではWTマウスより腸炎の症状が軽く、腸管上皮の再生が速やかであった。また、腸管上皮中のBrdU陽性細胞の比率が有意に高かった。【結論】Spred-2はIBDにおける粘膜治癒を抑制している可能性がある。(著者抄録)

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：うず潮フォーラム事務局  

小腸粘膜傷害を認めた非腫瘍性疾患のうち、慢性疾患を中心に内視鏡像から(1)縦走潰瘍、(2)小病変(びらん、アフタ)、(3)輪状潰瘍に分類し、小腸内視鏡の有用性と限界について検討した。クローン病とNSAIDs起因性小腸粘膜傷害は、(1)〜(3)すべての像を呈する場合があり、常に鑑別診断として念頭に置いておく必要がある。一方で、輪状潰瘍を呈する疾患では確定診断不能な症例を経験した。今後、このような症例を重ねて検討を追加していくと同時に、各疾患の病態や治療についてもさらなる検討を必要とすると考えられた。(著者抄録)

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：岡山医学会  

大腸内視鏡検査と免疫学的便潜血定量法(FIT)をほぼ同時に行った潰瘍性大腸炎(UC)患者152人(男性77人、女性75人、年齢中央値31歳)を対象に、便中ヘモグロビン(Hb)濃度と内視鏡所見を比較し、FITによる粘膜治癒評価の有用性について検討した。病型は全大腸炎型98、左側結腸炎型31、直腸炎型23であった。便中Hb濃度と大腸粘膜所見のMayo endoscopic scoreとの間に有意な相関を認め(Spearman順位相関係数=0.549)、FIT陰性例(Hb濃度<100ng/ml)はscore 0で92%、score 1で47%、score 2で13%、score 3で12%を占め、scoreが小さいほど陰性例の割合が有意に多かった。FIT陰性例の粘膜治癒予測能はscore 0で感度0.92、特異度0.71、正診率0.74、score 0、1で各々0.60、0.87、0.72であり、FIT陽性例(Hb濃度≧100ng/ml)ではscore 2、3で各々0.87、0.60、0.72であった。FITはUCにおける粘膜状態を良く反映し、特にFIT陰性は粘膜治癒と強く相関した。

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その他リンク： https://search-tp.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2013&ichushi_jid=J00175&link_issn=&doc_id=20131206280006&doc_link_id=10.4044%2Fjoma.125.221&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.4044%2Fjoma.125.221&type=J-STAGE&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00007_3.gif

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）   出版者・発行元：W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）   出版者・発行元：W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）   出版者・発行元：W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本消化器内視鏡学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一財)日本消化器病学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一財)日本消化器病学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一財)日本消化器病学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一財)日本消化器病学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(株)へるす出版  

57歳女。眩暈、意識消失発作で救急搬送され、上部消化管内視鏡にて十二指腸乳頭部に潰瘍性病変を認め、乳頭部腫瘍が疑われたため出血に対し内視鏡的止血を行った。腹部CTでは、膵頭部から十二指腸壁にかけて占居性病変を認め、右肝動脈は上腸間膜動脈より腫瘍の浸潤を受けていた。腹部MRI(MRCP)で肝内外胆管に拡張を認め、下部胆管の内腔に胆管閉塞を認めた。内視鏡的逆行性胆管膵管造影(ERCP)では、乳頭開口部からの腹側膵管に次いでSantorini管経由で造影剤排泄が確認され、下部胆管の狭窄部より肝側胆管の著明な拡張を認めた。細胞診でClass V adenocarcinomaと診断され、十二指腸乳頭部腺扁平上皮癌と診断した。腫瘍からの出血が持続したため、輸血で全身状態を維持し、緊急に亜全胃温存膵頭十二指腸切除術を施行した。切除標本は、5.0×5.0cmの潰瘍腫瘤型病変を認めた。右肝は梗塞様変化を認めたが肝膿瘍を形成することなく自然軽快し、術後36日に退院した。術後43日から補助療法としてTS-1を開始したが、4クール時点で高度副作用のため中止した。術後2年を経て無再発で生存中である。

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：三豊総合病院  

70歳代男。4年前にS状結腸癌で左半結腸切除術および術後補助化学療法を受け、1年前に腹膜播種で化学療法を施行したが、局所の再発・増大が認められた。化学療法を再開したが心筋梗塞、心不全発症のため継続困難となり、外来で対症療法の方針となった。腹部膨満感を主訴に救急外来を受診し、S状結腸での局所再発による腸閉塞が認められた。下部消化管内視鏡では肛門より20cmにほぼ全周性の2型進行大腸癌を認め、スコープは通過不可能であった。絶食補液で症状は改善せず、経肛門的にイレウス管を挿入・留置したが翌日自然脱落した。このため第25病日に狭窄部に対してThrough-The-Scope法を用いて金属ステント(WallFlexTM、十二指腸用ステントuncovered type)を留置した。留置後は疼痛の訴えもなくイレウス症状は改善し、食事開始後も増悪はなかった。全身状態悪化のため緩和ケア病棟入院となり、留置後78日に死亡したが、食事は74日目まで摂取可能であった。

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本消化器内視鏡学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本消化器内視鏡学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本人間ドック学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本消化器内視鏡学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本消化器内視鏡学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本消化器内視鏡学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一財)津山慈風会津山中央病院  

症例は67歳、男性。残便感のため下部消化管内視鏡検査を施行したところ、直腸(Rb)に30個の径4〜10mm大の黄色調の粘膜下腫瘍を認めた。超音波内視鏡検査にて第2〜3層内に境界明瞭な低エコー腫瘤として認められ、カルチノイドと診断した。腹部造影CTでは明らかな他臓器・リンパ節転移は認めなかったため、内視鏡的粘膜切除術による切除を試みた。しかし、複数個近接している病変もあり完全切除できない可能性があるため、肛門に近い2病変のみの切除とし、残りは外科的切除を選択した。肛門縁から約3cmの範囲には内視鏡的に病変を認めず、他院にて腹腔鏡下内肛門括約筋切除術施行となった。病理組織学的所見では直腸Rbを中心に28個のカルチノイドを認め、いずれも固有筋層への浸潤は確認されなかった。しかし、直腸傍リンパ節・下腸間膜幹リンパ節・結腸傍リンパ節に転移を認めた。多発直腸カルチノイドは比較的稀であり、本邦において10個以上多発した症例の報告はこれまでに11例にすぎない。多発例はリンパ節転移の可能性が単発例より高くなることが指摘されており、治療においては注意が必要である。今回我々は30個の病変を認め、リンパ節転移を伴った多発直腸カルチノイドの1例を経験したので、若干の文献的考察を加えて報告する。(著者抄録)

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一財)津山慈風会津山中央病院  

症例1:77歳男性。C型慢性肝炎にて加療中、CT動脈相で早期濃染を呈する腫瘤を認め、肝細胞癌が疑われたが、以前に悪性リンパ腫の既往あることから肝生検を施行したところ細胆管細胞癌と診断された。肝拡大内側区域切除術が施行された。術後20ヵ月経過した現在も再発を認めない。症例2:62歳男性。アルコール性肝硬変と糖尿病にて加療中、腹部超音波検査にて辺縁不整で境界やや不明瞭な低エコー腫瘤を指摘された。画像所見にて肝血管腫と考えられたが、経過観察中に腫瘍増大傾向を認めたため、肝生検したところ細胆管細胞癌と診断された。肝S8亜区域切除術が施行されたが、術後の肝不全のため死亡した。症例3:54歳男性。B型肝炎ウイルスキャリア、糖尿病にて加療中にCTで肝に腫瘤影を指摘された。造影CTにて動脈相で辺縁部に淡い早期濃染が見られ、後期相で腫瘍内部が淡く染まることから転移性肝癌もしくは胆管細胞癌が疑われ、肝生検を施行し細胆管細胞癌と診断された。CT-APにて広範囲な門脈腫瘍塞栓を指摘され、手術適応にはなく、化学療法を施行するも診断から4ヵ月後に死亡した。3例の症例はいずれも免疫染色によりCK7、19陽性であることから胆管系細胞であると判断し、EMAで腔側の膜が陽性であることから細胆管細胞癌と診断した。興味深い症例を経験したので報告する。(著者抄録)

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本消化器内視鏡学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一財)津山慈風会津山中央病院  

肝膿瘍は比較的稀な疾患であるが、治療の遅滞等で致命的となりうる。その成因や病態は多様であり、有効な治療を行うためには個々の患者において正確な臨床像の把握が必要となる。今回、2000年1月から2008年10月までの間に当院にて経験した肝膿瘍97症例(うちアメーバ性肝膿瘍3例)を対象とし、その臨床像、細菌性とアメーバ性の比較、特発性肝膿瘍のうち消化管内視鏡検査施行例について検討を行った。肝膿瘍患者は発熱、炎症反応の上昇はほぼ必発であるが、腹部症状や肝機能障害を伴わない症例もあり、早期診断を困難にしている一因と考えられた。診断には造影CTが有用と考えられた。一方、アメーバ性肝膿瘍は若年者に多く、消化器症状を高頻度に合併する傾向がある。細菌性肝膿瘍との鑑別は困難であるが、血清アメーバ抗体は有用であると思われる。また、特発性肝膿瘍は高頻度に消化管病変を合併しうる。機序としては、消化管粘膜異常がある場合、bacterial translocationが起こりやすく、経門脈的に細菌が移行し、肝膿瘍を作ることが考えられる。特発性肝膿瘍に対しては積極的に消化管悪性腫瘍の合併を疑い、内視鏡検査を施行すべきと考えられた。(著者抄録)

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(株)ジェフコーポレーション  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本消化器内視鏡学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本消化器内視鏡学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本消化器内視鏡学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本消化器内視鏡学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本消化器内視鏡学会  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一財)日本消化器病学会  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一財)日本消化器病学会  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：うず潮フォーラム事務局  

症例は18歳、男性。3歳の頃に黒色便がみられたが、自然に軽快したために経過観察となった。2008年10月3日より黒色便、ふらつきを認めたために近医受診した。血液検査上Hb5.3g/dLと著明な貧血を認めたために当院紹介受診となった。上部消化管出血を疑い、同日に緊急上部消化管内視鏡検査を施行したが、出血源は認めなかった。翌日に経口的ダブルバルーン小腸内視鏡検査(double balloon endoscopy:DBE)を施行したところ、Treitz靱帯より約30cmの上部空腸に拍動性の出血を有する露出血管を認め、Dieulafoy潰瘍と診断し、クリップにて止血術を施行した。止血術後は再出血を来すことなく推移している。その後に行った腹部血管造影では、上腸間膜動脈の空腸枝にAVシャントを介して門脈系に還流する拡張した血管を認め、arteriovenous malformation(AVM)と診断した。今回我々は、内視鏡上はDieulafoy潰瘍の形態を呈した空腸AVMからの出血と診断した1例を経験したので報告する。(著者抄録)

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一財)津山慈風会津山中央病院  

症例は37歳、男性。2008年3月27日より臍上部痛を認め、上部消化管内視鏡検査等で精査するも腹痛の原因は分からず、その後腹痛が増強し、炎症反応上昇を認めたため、腹部造影CT検査を施行した。上腸間膜静脈血栓症を認め、4月7日精査加療目的にて当科入院となった。腹部造影CT上、上腸間膜静脈、門脈は完全に血栓化しており、上腸間膜動脈よりウロキナーゼ6万単位/日持続動注を開始した。また、ヘパリン1.5万単位/日点滴開始した。その後、ワーファリン内服による保存的治療にて症状及び炎症反応は速やかに改善し、外科的治療を要さなかった。現在はワーファリン5mg/日内服による抗凝固療法を継続中であり、フォローアップの腹部造影CTでは、側副血行路の発達と腸管及び肝血流の改善を認めた。プロテインC欠乏症に伴う上腸間膜静脈血栓症の本邦報告例は少なく、本症例のように抗凝固療法にて保存的に加療し得た報告は稀である。今回、我々は貴重な症例を経験したため、若干の文献的考察を加え報告する。(著者抄録)

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一財)津山慈風会津山中央病院  

症例は28歳の男性。前医で完全型Behcet病と診断されていた。今回、腹痛の精査目的に当院紹介となり、精査の結果、腸管Behcet病と診断した。前医で眼病変、皮膚病変に対してシクロスポリンとインフリキシマブの投与が行われており、入院後はシクロスポリンの増量とインフリキシマブの投与間隔の短縮で治療を行ったが、腸管病変は増悪する一方であった。そのため、シクロスポリンからステロイドの投与に変更し治療したところ、速やかに腸管病変の著明な改善を認めた。以後、ステロイドは漸減していったが、現在も腸管病変の再燃なく経過良好である。今回我々は、シクロスポリンとインフリキシマブの投与では改善せず、ステロイドの投与にて著明な改善を認めた腸管Behcet病の1例を経験したため、若干の文献的考察を加え報告する。(著者抄録)

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本消化器内視鏡学会  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本消化器内視鏡学会  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本消化器内視鏡学会  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本消化器内視鏡学会  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本消化器内視鏡学会  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本消化器内視鏡学会  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一財)日本消化器病学会  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一財)日本消化器病学会  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：岡山済生会総合病院  

50代女。腹痛を主訴に近医受診し、腹部CTで肝内胆管の軽度拡張を認められ、当院に紹介された。腹部超音波検査の縦断像で総胆管内部に2本の平行する線状高エコー像を認め、横断像で円形高エコー像を認めた。MRCP検査で乳頭部から左肝管内に続く索状陰影を認め、肝内胆管に軽度拡張を認めた。これらの所見から胆道内回虫迷入症を疑い、診断治療目的で内視鏡的胆管造影を施行した。造影所見はMRCPと同様に左肝管から乳頭部にかけて索状の透亮像が認められ、胆道内回虫迷入症と考えた。内視鏡的乳頭切開術を施行し、バルーンカテーテルで胆管内を掻破したところ、回虫の一部が乳頭部に認められたが、すぐに総胆管内へ迷入し、摘出することができなかったため、翌日再度施行した。15mmのバルーンカテーテルで左肝管からゆっくり掻破し、回虫の約2/3が乳頭外に出たところを3脚で把持し、そのままスコープごと引き出すことにより回虫を摘出できた。回虫の大きさは全長18cm、太さ3mmであった。回虫摘出後は症状が速やかに改善し、その後再燃することはなかった。

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本消化器内視鏡学会  

J-GLOBAL

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