2024/03/19 更新

写真a

コジマ ケイイチ
小島 慧一
KOJIMA Keiichi
所属
医歯薬学域 助教
職名
助教
外部リンク

学位

  • 博士(理学) ( 2016年3月   京都大学 )

研究キーワード

  • 光生物

  • 視覚

  • 光操作

  • 生物物理

  • ロドプシン

  • Photobiology

  • 光受容タンパク質

  • オプシン

研究分野

  • ライフサイエンス / 薬系分析、物理化学

  • ライフサイエンス / 動物生理化学、生理学、行動学

  • ライフサイエンス / 機能生物化学

  • ライフサイエンス / 生物物理学

学歴

  • 京都大学    

    2013年4月 - 2016年3月

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    国名: 日本国

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  • 京都大学   Graduate School, Division of Natural Science  

    2011年4月 - 2013年3月

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  • 京都大学   Faculty of Science  

    2007年4月 - 2011年3月

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    国名: 日本国

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経歴

  • 岡山大学学術研究院医歯薬学域 助教

    2021年4月 - 現在

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  • 岡山大学医歯薬学総合研究科 助教

    2017年12月 - 2021年3月

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  • 岡山大学医歯薬学総合研究科 助教(特任)

    2017年4月 - 2017年11月

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所属学協会

委員歴

  • 生物物理学会 2023・2024年度 理事  

    2023年 - 現在   

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  • 生物物理学会 分野別専門委員  

    2021年 - 現在   

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  • 日本生物物理学会 中国四国支部   会計  

    2019年1月 - 2020年12月   

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    団体区分:学協会

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  • 日本生物物理学会   平成31年分野別専門委員  

    2019年   

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    団体区分:学協会

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  • 日本生物物理学会   平成30年分野別専門委員  

    2018年   

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    団体区分:学協会

    日本生物物理学会

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論文

  • Convergent mechanism underlying the acquisition of vertebrate scotopic vision 査読

    Keiichi Kojima, Masataka Yanagawa, Yasushi Imamoto, Yumiko Yamano, Akimori Wada, Yoshinori Shichida, Takahiro Yamashita

    Journal of Biological Chemistry   107175 - 107175   2024年3月

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    担当区分:筆頭著者   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:Elsevier BV  

    DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107175

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  • A blue-shifted anion channelrhodopsin from the Colpodellida alga Vitrella brassicaformis 査読

    Keiichi Kojima, Shiho Kawanishi, Yosuke Nishimura, Masumi Hasegawa, Shin Nakao, Yuya Nagata, Susumu Yoshizawa, Yuki Sudo

    Scientific Reports   13 ( 1 )   2023年4月

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    担当区分:筆頭著者, 責任著者   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

    Abstract

    Microbial rhodopsins, a family of photoreceptive membrane proteins containing the chromophore retinal, show a variety of light-dependent molecular functions. Channelrhodopsins work as light-gated ion channels and are widely utilized for optogenetics, which is a method for controlling neural activities by light. Since two cation channelrhodopsins were identified from the chlorophyte alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, recent advances in genomic research have revealed a wide variety of channelrhodopsins including anion channelrhodopsins (ACRs), describing their highly diversified molecular properties (e.g., spectral sensitivity, kinetics and ion selectivity). Here, we report two channelrhodopsin-like rhodopsins from the Colpodellida alga Vitrella brassicaformis, which are phylogenetically distinct from the known channelrhodopsins. Spectroscopic and electrophysiological analyses indicated that these rhodopsins are green- and blue-sensitive pigments (λmax =  ~ 550 and ~ 440 nm) that exhibit light-dependent ion channeling activities. Detailed electrophysiological analysis revealed that one of them works as a monovalent anion (Cl, Br and NO3) channel and we named it V. brassicaformis anion channelrhodopsin-2, VbACR2. Importantly, the absorption maximum of VbACR2 (~ 440 nm) is blue-shifted among the known ACRs. Thus, we identified the new blue-shifted ACR, which leads to the expansion of the molecular diversity of ACRs.

    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34125-8

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    その他リンク: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-34125-8

  • Detection of Membrane Potential-Dependent Rhodopsin Fluorescence Using Low-Intensity Light Emitting Diode for Long-Term Imaging 査読

    Shiho Kawanishi, Keiichi Kojima, Atsushi Shibukawa, Masayuki Sakamoto, Yuki Sudo

    ACS Omega   2023年1月

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    担当区分:責任著者   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:American Chemical Society (ACS)  

    DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06980

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  • Phototriggered apoptotic cell death (PTA) using the light-driven outward proton pump rhodopsin Archaerhodopsin-3 査読 国際誌

    Shin Nakao, Keiichi Kojima, Yuki Sudo

    Journal of the American Chemical Society   144 ( 9 )   3771 - 3775   2022年2月

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    担当区分:責任著者   記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:American Chemical Society (ACS)  

    Apoptosis is a type of programmed cell death that commonly occurs in multicellular organisms including humans and that is essential to eliminate unnecessary cells to keep organisms healthy. Indeed, inappropriate apoptosis leads to various diseases such as cancer and autoimmune disease. Here, we developed an optical method to regulate apoptotic cell death by controlling the intracellular pH with outward or inward proton pump rhodopsins, Archaerhodopsin-3 (AR3) or Rubricoccus marinas xenorhodopsin (RmXeR), respectively. The alkalization-induced shrinking of human HeLa cells cultured at pH 9.0 was significantly accelerated or decelerated by light-activated AR3 or RmXeR, respectively, implying the contribution of intracellular alkalization to the cell death. The light-activated AR3 induced cell shrinking at a physiologically neutral pH 7.4 and biochemical analysis revealed that the intracellular alkalization caused by AR3 triggered the mitochondrial apoptotic signaling pathway, which resulted in cell death accompanied by morphological changes. Phototriggered apoptosis (PTA) was also observed for other human cell lines, SH-SY5Y and A549 cells, implying its general applicability. We then used the PTA method with the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a model for living animals. Irradiation of transgenic worms expressing AR3 in chemosensing amphid sensory neurons significantly decreased their chemotaxis responses, which suggests that AR3 induced the cell death of amphid sensory neurons and the depression of chemotaxis responses. Thus, the PTA method has a high applicability both in vivo and in vitro, which suggests its potential as an optogenetic tool to selectively eliminate target cells with a high spatiotemporal resolution.

    DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12608

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  • Proton transfer pathway in anion channelrhodopsin-1 査読

    Masaki Tsujimura, Keiichi Kojima, Shiho Kawanishi, Yuki Sudo, Hiroshi Ishikita

    eLife   10   2021年12月

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    担当区分:筆頭著者   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd  

    Anion channelrhodopsin from <italic>Guillardia theta</italic> (<italic>Gt</italic>ACR1) has Asp234 (3.2 Å) and Glu68 (5.3 Å) near the protonated Schiff base. Here, we investigate mutant <italic>Gt</italic>ACR1s (e.g., E68Q/D234N) expressed in HEK293 cells. The influence of the acidic residues on the absorption wavelengths was also analyzed using a quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical approach. The calculated protonation pattern indicates that Asp234 is deprotonated and Glu68 is protonated in the original crystal structures. The D234E mutation and the E68Q/D234N mutation shorten and lengthen the measured and calculated absorption wavelengths, respectively, which suggests that Asp234 is deprotonated in the wild-type <italic>Gt</italic>ACR1. Molecular dynamics simulations show that upon mutation of deprotonated Asp234 to asparagine, deprotonated Glu68 reorients toward the Schiff base and the calculated absorption wavelength remains unchanged. The formation of the proton transfer pathway via Asp234 toward Glu68 and the disconnection of the anion conducting channel are likely a basis of the gating mechanism.

    DOI: 10.7554/elife.72264

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    その他リンク: https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/72264/elife-72264-v1.xml

  • Evolutionary adaptation of visual pigments in geckos for their photic environment 査読

    Keiichi Kojima, Yuki Matsutani, Masataka Yanagawa, Yasushi Imamoto, Yumiko Yamano, Akimori Wada, Yoshinori Shichida, Takahiro Yamashita

    Science Advances   7 ( 40 )   2021年10月

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    担当区分:筆頭著者   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  

    DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj1316

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  • Functional expression of the eukaryotic proton pump rhodopsin OmR2 in Escherichia coli and its photochemical characterization 査読 国際誌

    Masuzu Kikuchi, Keiichi Kojima, Shin Nakao, Susumu Yoshizawa, Shiho Kawanishi, Atsushi Shibukawa, Takashi Kikukawa, Yuki Sudo

    Scientific Reports   11 ( 1 )   14765 - 14765   2021年7月

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    担当区分:筆頭著者   記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

    <title>Abstract</title>Microbial rhodopsins are photoswitchable seven-transmembrane proteins that are widely distributed in three domains of life, archaea, bacteria and eukarya. Rhodopsins allow the transport of protons outwardly across the membrane and are indispensable for light-energy conversion in microorganisms. Archaeal and bacterial proton pump rhodopsins have been characterized using an <italic>Escherichia coli</italic> expression system because that enables the rapid production of large amounts of recombinant proteins, whereas no success has been reported for eukaryotic rhodopsins. Here, we report a phylogenetically distinct eukaryotic rhodopsin from the dinoflagellate <italic>Oxyrrhis marina</italic> (<italic>O. marina</italic> rhodopsin-2, <italic>Om</italic>R2) that can be expressed in <italic>E. coli</italic> cells. <italic>E. coli</italic> cells harboring the <italic>Om</italic>R2 gene showed an outward proton-pumping activity, indicating its functional expression. Spectroscopic characterization of the purified <italic>Om</italic>R2 protein revealed several features as follows: (1) an absorption maximum at 533 nm with all-<italic>trans</italic> retinal chromophore, (2) the possession of the deprotonated counterion (p<italic>K</italic>a = 3.0) of the protonated Schiff base and (3) a rapid photocycle through several distinct photointermediates. Those features are similar to those of known eukaryotic proton pump rhodopsins. Our successful characterization of <italic>Om</italic>R2 expressed in <italic>E. coli</italic> cells could build a basis for understanding and utilizing eukaryotic rhodopsins.

    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94181-w

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    その他リンク: http://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-94181-w

  • Lokiarchaeota archaeon schizorhodopsin-2 (LaSzR2) is an inward proton pump displaying a characteristic feature of acid-induced spectral blue-shift 査読 国際誌

    Keiichi Kojima, Susumu Yoshizawa, Masumi Hasegawa, Masaki Nakama, Marie Kurihara, Takashi Kikukawa, Yuki Sudo

    Scientific Reports   10 ( 1 )   20857 - 20857   2020年12月

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    担当区分:筆頭著者   記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

    <title>Abstract</title>The photoreactive protein rhodopsin is widespread in microorganisms and has a variety of photobiological functions. Recently, a novel phylogenetically distinctive group named ‘schizorhodopsin (SzR)’ has been identified as an inward proton pump. We performed functional and spectroscopic studies on an uncharacterised schizorhodopsin from the phylum Lokiarchaeota archaeon. The protein, LaSzR2, having an all-<italic>trans-</italic>retinal chromophore, showed inward proton pump activity with an absorption maximum at 549 nm. The pH titration experiments revealed that the protonated Schiff base of the retinal chromophore (Lys188, p<italic>K</italic>a = 12.3) is stabilised by the deprotonated counterion (presumably Asp184, p<italic>K</italic>a = 3.7). The flash-photolysis experiments revealed the presence of two photointermediates, K and M. A proton was released and uptaken from bulk solution upon the formation and decay of the M intermediate. During the M-decay, the Schiff base was reprotonated by the proton from a proton donating residue (presumably Asp172). These properties were compared with other inward (SzRs and xenorhodopsins, XeRs) and outward proton pumps. Notably, LaSzR2 showed acid-induced spectral ‘blue-shift’ due to the protonation of the counterion, whereas outward proton pumps showed opposite shifts (red-shifts). Thus, we can distinguish between inward and outward proton pumps by the direction of the acid-induced spectral shift.

    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77936-9

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    その他リンク: http://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-77936-9

  • Comparative Studies of the Fluorescence Properties of Microbial Rhodopsins: Spontaneous Emission Versus Photointermediate Fluorescence 査読 国際誌

    Keiichi Kojima, Rika Kurihara, Masayuki Sakamoto, Tsukasa Takanashi, Hikaru Kuramochi, Xiao Min Zhang, Haruhiko Bito, Tahei Tahara, Yuki Sudo

    The Journal of Physical Chemistry B   124 ( 34 )   7361 - 7367   2020年8月

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    担当区分:筆頭著者   記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:American Chemical Society (ACS)  

    Rhodopsins are seven-transmembrane photoreceptor proteins that bind to the retinal chromophore and have been utilized as a genetically encoded voltage indicator (GEVI). So far, archaerhodopsin-3 (AR3) has been successfully used as a GEVI, despite its low fluorescence intensity. We performed comparative and quantitative fluorescence analyses of 15 microbial rhodopsins to explore these highly fluorescent molecules and to clarify their fluorescence mechanism. These rhodopsins showed a wide range of fluorescence intensities in mouse hippocampal neurons. Some of them, GR, HwBR, IaNaR, MR, and NpHR, showed fluorescence intensities comparable with or higher than that of AR3, suggesting their potential for GEVIs. The fluorescence intensity in neurons correlated with that of the bright fluorescent photointermediate such as a Q-intermediate (R = 0.75), suggesting that the fluorescence in neurons originates from the fluorescence of the photointermediate. Our findings provide a crucial step for producing next-generation rhodopsin-based GEVIs.

    DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c06560

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  • Green-Sensitive, Long-Lived, Step-Functional Anion Channelrhodopsin-2 Variant as a High-Potential Neural Silencing Tool 査読 国際誌

    Keiichi Kojima, Natsuki Miyoshi, Atsushi Shibukawa, Srikanta Chowdhury, Masaki Tsujimura, Tomoyasu Noji, Hiroshi Ishikita, Akihiro Yamanaka, Yuki Sudo

    The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters   11 ( 15 )   6214 - 6218   2020年8月

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    担当区分:筆頭著者   記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:American Chemical Society (ACS)  

    Anion channelrhodopsin-2 (GtACR2) was identified from the alga Guillardia theta as a light-gated anion channel, providing a powerful neural silencing tool for optogenetics. To expand its molecular properties, we produced here GtACR2 variants by strategic mutations on the four residues around the retinal chromophore (i.e., R129, G152, P204, and C233). After the screening with the Escherichia coli expression system, we estimated spectral sensitivities and the anion channeling function by using the HEK293 expression system. Among the mutants, triple (R129M/G152S/C233A) and quadruple (R129M/G152S/P204T/C233A) mutants showed the significantly red-shifted absorption maxima (λmax = 498 and 514 nm, respectively) and the long-lived channel-conducting states (the half-life times were 3.4 and 5.4 s, respectively). In addition, both mutants can be activated and inactivated by different wavelengths, representing their step-functional ability. We nicknamed the quadruple mutant "GLaS-ACR2" from its green-sensitive, long-lived, step-functional properties. The unique characteristics of GLaS-ACR2 suggest its high potential as a neural silencing tool.

    DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01406

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  • Vectorial proton transport mechanism of RxR, a phylogenetically distinct and thermally stable microbial rhodopsin 査読 国際誌

    Keiichi Kojima, Tetsuya Ueta, Tomoyasu Noji, Keisuke Saito, Kanae Kanehara, Susumu Yoshizawa, Hiroshi Ishikita, Yuki Sudo

    Scientific Reports   10 ( 1 )   282 - 282   2020年1月

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    担当区分:筆頭著者   記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

    <title>Abstract</title><italic>Rubrobacter xylanophilus</italic> rhodopsin (RxR) is a phylogenetically distinct and thermally stable seven-transmembrane protein that functions as a light-driven proton (H+) pump with the chromophore retinal. To characterize its vectorial proton transport mechanism, mutational and theoretical investigations were performed for carboxylates in the transmembrane region of RxR and the sequential proton transport steps were revealed as follows: (i) a proton of the retinylidene Schiff base (Lys209) is transferred to the counterion Asp74 upon formation of the blue-shifted M-intermediate in collaboration with Asp205, and simultaneously, a respective proton is released from the proton releasing group (Glu187/Glu197) to the extracellular side, (ii) a proton of Asp85 is transferred to the Schiff base during M-decay, (iii) a proton is taken up from the intracellular side to Asp85 during decay of the red-shifted O-intermediate. This ion transport mechanism of RxR provides valuable information to understand other ion transporters since carboxylates are generally essential for their functions.

    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57122-2

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    その他リンク: http://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-57122-2

  • Mutational analysis of the conserved carboxylates of anion channelrhodopsin-2 (ACR2) expressed in Escherichia coli and their roles in anion transport 査読

    Keiichi Kojima, Hiroshi C. Watanabe, Satoko Doi, Natsuki Miyoshi, Misaki Kato, Hiroshi Ishikita, Yuki Sudo

    Biophysics and Physicobiology   15   179 - 188   2018年

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    担当区分:筆頭著者   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:Biophysical Society of Japan  

    DOI: 10.2142/biophysico.15.0_179

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  • Evolutionary steps involving counterion displacement in a tunicate opsin 査読

    Keiichi Kojima, Takahiro Yamashita, Yasushi Imamoto, Takehiro G. Kusakabe, Motoyuki Tsuda, Yoshinori Shichida

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America   114 ( 23 )   6028 - 6033   2017年6月

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    担当区分:筆頭著者   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences  

    Ci-opsin1 is a visible light-sensitive opsin present in the larval ocellus of an ascidian, <italic>Ciona intestinalis</italic>. This invertebrate opsin belongs to the vertebrate visual and nonvisual opsin groups in the opsin phylogenetic tree. Ci-opsin1 contains candidate counterions (glutamic acid residues) at positions 113 and 181; the former is a newly acquired position in the vertebrate visual opsin lineage, whereas the latter is an ancestral position widely conserved among invertebrate opsins. Here, we show that Glu113 and Glu181 in Ci-opsin1 act synergistically as counterions, which imparts molecular properties to Ci-opsin1 intermediate between those of vertebrate- and invertebrate-type opsins. Synergy between the counterions in Ci-opsin1 was demonstrated by E113Q and E181Q mutants that exhibit a pH-dependent spectral shift, whereas only the E113Q mutation in vertebrate rhodopsin yields this spectral shift. On absorbing light, Ci-opsin1 forms an equilibrium between two intermediates with protonated and deprotonated Schiff bases, namely the MI-like and MII-like intermediates, respectively. Adding G protein caused the equilibrium to shift toward the MI-like intermediate, indicating that Ci-opsin1 has a protonated Schiff base in its active state, like invertebrate-type opsins. Ci-opsin1’s G protein activation efficiency is between the efficiencies of vertebrate- and invertebrate-type opsins. Interestingly, the E113Y and E181S mutations change the molecular properties of Ci-opsin1 into those resembling invertebrate-type or bistable opsins and vertebrate ancient/vertebrate ancient-long or monostable opsins, respectively. These results strongly suggest that acquisition of counterion Glu113 changed the molecular properties of visual opsin in a vertebrate/tunicate common ancestor as a crucial step in the evolution of vertebrate visual opsins.

    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1701088114

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  • Adaptation of cone pigments found in green rods for scotopic vision through a single amino acid mutation 査読 国際誌

    Keiichi Kojima, Yuki Matsutani, Takahiro Yamashita, Masataka Yanagawa, Yasushi Imamoto, Yumiko Yamano, Akimori Wada, Osamu Hisatomi, Kanto Nishikawa, Keisuke Sakurai, Yoshinori Shichida

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America   114 ( 21 )   5437 - 5442   2017年5月

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    担当区分:筆頭著者   記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences  

    Most vertebrate retinas contain a single type of rod for scotopic vision and multiple types of cones for photopic and color vision. The retinas of certain amphibian species uniquely contain two types of rods: red rods, which express rhodopsin, and green rods, which express a blue-sensitive cone pigment (M1/SWS2 group). Spontaneous activation of rhodopsin induced by thermal isomerization of the retinal chromophore has been suggested to contribute to the rod’s background noise, which limits the visual threshold for scotopic vision. Therefore, rhodopsin must exhibit low thermal isomerization rate compared with cone visual pigments to adapt to scotopic condition. In this study, we determined whether amphibian blue-sensitive cone pigments in green rods exhibit low thermal isomerization rates to act as rhodopsin-like pigments for scotopic vision. Anura blue-sensitive cone pigments exhibit low thermal isomerization rates similar to rhodopsin, whereas Urodela pigments exhibit high rates like other vertebrate cone pigments present in cones. Furthermore, by mutational analysis, we identified a key amino acid residue, Thr47, that is responsible for the low thermal isomerization rates of Anura blue-sensitive cone pigments. These results strongly suggest that, through this mutation, anurans acquired special blue-sensitive cone pigments in their green rods, which could form the molecular basis for scotopic color vision with normal red rods containing green-sensitive rhodopsin.

    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1620010114

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  • Origin of the low thermal isomerization rate of rhodopsin chromophore. 査読

    Yanagawa Masataka, Kojima Keiichi, Yamashita Takahiro, Imamoto Yasushi, Matsuyama Take, Nakanishi Koji, Yamano Yumiko, Wada Akimori, Sako Yasushi, Shichida Yoshinori

    Scientific reports   5 ( 1 )   2015年9月

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    担当区分:筆頭著者   記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:Nature Publishing Group  

    Low dark noise is a prerequisite for rod cells, which mediate our dim-light vision. The low dark noise is achieved by the extremely stable character of the rod visual pigment, rhodopsin, which evolved from less stable cone visual pigments. We have developed a biochemical method to quickly evaluate the thermal activation rate of visual pigments. Using an isomerization locked chromophore, we confirmed that thermal isomerization of the chromophore is the sole cause of thermal activation. Interestingly, we revealed an unexpected correlation between the thermal stability of the dark state and that of the active intermediate MetaII. Furthermore, we assessed key residues in rhodopsin and cone visual pigments by mutation analysis and identified two critical residues (E122 and I189) in the retinal binding pocket which account for the extremely low thermal activation rate of rhodopsin.

    DOI: 10.1038/srep11081

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    その他リンク: http://www.nature.com/articles/srep11081.pdf

  • Rod visual pigment optimizes active state to achieve efficient G protein activation as compared with cone visual pigments. 査読

    Kojima Keiichi, Imamoto Yasushi, Maeda Ryo, Yamashita Takahiro, Shichida Yoshinori

    The Journal of biological chemistry   289 ( 8 )   5061 - 5073   2014年2月

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    担当区分:筆頭著者   記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology  

    Most vertebrate retinas contain two types of photoreceptor cells, rods and cones, which show different photoresponses to mediate scotopic and photopic vision, respectively. These cells contain different types of visual pigments, rhodopsin and cone visual pigments, respectively, but little is known about the molecular properties of cone visual pigments under physiological conditions, making it difficult to link the molecular properties of rhodopsin and cone visual pigments with the differences in photoresponse between rods and cones. Here we prepared bovine and mouse rhodopsin (bvRh and mRh) and chicken and mouse green-sensitive cone visual pigments (cG and mG) embedded in nanodiscs and applied time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy to compare their Gt activation efficiencies. Rhodopsin exhibited greater Gt activation efficiencies than cone visual pigments. Especially, the Gt activation efficiency of mRh was about 2.5-fold greater than that of mG at 37 °C, which is consistent with our previous electrophysiological data of knock-in mice. Although the active state (Meta-II) was in equilibrium with inactive states (Meta-I and Meta-III), quantitative determination of Meta-II in the equilibrium showed that the Gt activation efficiency per Meta-II of bvRh was also greater than those of cG and mG. These results indicated that efficient Gt activation by rhodopsin, resulting from an optimized active state of rhodopsin, is one of the causes of the high amplification efficiency of rods.

    DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.508507

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  • Demonstration of iodide-dependent UVA-triggered growth inhibition in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells and identification of its suppressive molecules

    Ryota Ono, Nozomu Saeki, Keiichi Kojima, Hisao Moriya, Yuki Sudo

    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications   677   1 - 5   2023年10月

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    掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:Elsevier BV  

    DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.07.048

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  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Detection of Hydrogen Bond Network in a Proton Pump Rhodopsin RxR and Its Alteration during the Cyclic Photoreaction

    Rika Suzuki, Toshio Nagashima, Keiichi Kojima, Reika Hironishi, Masafumi Hirohata, Tetsuya Ueta, Takeshi Murata, Toshio Yamazaki, Yuki Sudo, Hideo Takahashi

    Journal of the American Chemical Society   2023年7月

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    掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:American Chemical Society (ACS)  

    DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02833

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  • Development of light-induced disruptive liposomes (LiDL) as a photoswitchable carrier for intracellular substance delivery. 査読 国際誌

    Taichi Tsuneishi, Keiichi Kojima, Fumika Kubota, Hideyoshi Harashima, Yuma Yamada, Yuki Sudo

    Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)   59 ( 49 )   7591 - 7594   2023年6月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)  

    Light-driven inward proton pump rhodopsin RmXeR was embedded in pH-sensitive liposomes. Substance release from the proteoliposomes was observed following light illumination both in vitro and in cells, indicating the successful production of light-induced disruptive liposomes (LiDL). Thus, LiDL is a photoswitchable carrier utilized for intracellular substance delivery.

    DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02056h

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  • Structure and mechanism of oxalate transporter OxlT in an oxalate-degrading bacterium in the gut microbiota

    Titouan Jaunet-Lahary, Tatsuro Shimamura, Masahiro Hayashi, Norimichi Nomura, Kouta Hirasawa, Tetsuya Shimizu, Masao Yamashita, Naotaka Tsutsumi, Yuta Suehiro, Keiichi Kojima, Yuki Sudo, Takashi Tamura, Hiroko Iwanari, Takao Hamakubo, So Iwata, Kei-ichi Okazaki, Teruhisa Hirai, Atsuko Yamashita

    Nature Communications   14 ( 1 )   2023年4月

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    掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

    Abstract

    An oxalate-degrading bacterium in the gut microbiota absorbs food-derived oxalate to use this as a carbon and energy source, thereby reducing the risk of kidney stone formation in host animals. The bacterial oxalate transporter OxlT selectively uptakes oxalate from the gut to bacterial cells with a strict discrimination from other nutrient carboxylates. Here, we present crystal structures of oxalate-bound and ligand-free OxlT in two distinct conformations, occluded and outward-facing states. The ligand-binding pocket contains basic residues that form salt bridges with oxalate while preventing the conformational switch to the occluded state without an acidic substrate. The occluded pocket can accommodate oxalate but not larger dicarboxylates, such as metabolic intermediates. The permeation pathways from the pocket are completely blocked by extensive interdomain interactions, which can be opened solely by a flip of a single side chain neighbouring the substrate. This study shows the structural basis underlying metabolic interactions enabling favourable symbiosis.

    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36883-5

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  • Role of Monomer/Tetramer Equilibrium of Rod Visual Arrestin in the Interaction with Phosphorylated Rhodopsin

    Yasushi Imamoto, Keiichi Kojima, Ryo Maeda, Yoshinori Shichida, Toshihiko Oka

    International Journal of Molecular Sciences   24 ( 5 )   4963 - 4963   2023年3月

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    掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:MDPI AG  

    The phototransduction cascade in vertebrate rod visual cells is initiated by the photoactivation of rhodopsin, which enables the activation of the visual G protein transducin. It is terminated by the phosphorylation of rhodopsin, followed by the binding of arrestin. Here we measured the solution X-ray scattering of nanodiscs containing rhodopsin in the presence of rod arrestin to directly observe the formation of the rhodopsin/arrestin complex. Although arrestin self-associates to form a tetramer at physiological concentrations, it was found that arrestin binds to phosphorylated and photoactivated rhodopsin at 1:1 stoichiometry. In contrast, no complex formation was observed for unphosphorylated rhodopsin upon photoactivation, even at physiological arrestin concentrations, suggesting that the constitutive activity of rod arrestin is sufficiently low. UV-visible spectroscopy demonstrated that the rate of the formation of the rhodopsin/arrestin complex well correlates with the concentration of arrestin monomer rather than the tetramer. These findings indicate that arrestin monomer, whose concentration is almost constant due to the equilibrium with the tetramer, binds to phosphorylated rhodopsin. The arrestin tetramer would act as a reservoir of monomer to compensate for the large changes in arrestin concentration in rod cells caused by intense light or adaptation.

    DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054963

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  • Identification of a Functionally Efficient and Thermally Stable Outward Sodium-Pumping Rhodopsin (BeNaR) from a Thermophilic Bacterium 査読

    Marie Kurihara, Vera Thiel, Hirona Takahashi, Keiichi Kojima, David M. Ward, Donald A. Bryant, Makoto Sakai, Susumu Yoshizawa, Yuki Sudo

    Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin   71 ( 2 )   154 - 164   2023年2月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:Pharmaceutical Society of Japan  

    Rhodopsins are transmembrane proteins with retinal chromophores that are involved in photo-energy conversion and photo-signal transduction in diverse organisms. In this study, we newly identified and characterized a rhodopsin from a thermophilic bacterium, Bellilinea sp. Recombinant Escherichia coli cells expressing the rhodopsin showed light-induced alkalization of the medium only in the presence of sodium ions (Na+), and the alkalization signal was enhanced by addition of a protonophore, indicating an outward Na+ pump function across the cellular membrane. Thus, we named the protein Bellilinea Na+-pumping rhodopsin, BeNaR. Of note, its Na+-pumping activity is significantly greater than that of the known Na+-pumping rhodopsin, KR2. We further characterized its photochemical properties as follows: (i) Visible spectroscopy and HPLC revealed that BeNaR has an absorption maximum at 524 nm with predominantly (>96%) the all-trans retinal conformer. (ii) Time-dependent thermal denaturation experiments revealed that BeNaR showed high thermal stability. (iii) The time-resolved flash-photolysis in the nanosecond to millisecond time domains revealed the presence of four kinetically distinctive photointermediates, K, L, M and O. (iv) Mutational analysis revealed that Asp101, which acts as a counterion, and Asp230 around the retinal were essential for the Na+-pumping activity. From the results, we propose a model for the outward Na+-pumping mechanism of BeNaR. The efficient Na+-pumping activity of BeNaR and its high stability make it a useful model both for ion transporters and optogenetics tools.

    DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c22-00774

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  • Light-driven Proton Pumps as a Potential Regulator for Carbon Fixation in Marine Diatoms

    Susumu Yoshizawa, Tomonori Azuma, Keiichi Kojima, Keisuke Inomura, Masumi Hasegawa, Yosuke Nishimura, Masuzu Kikuchi, Gabrielle Armin, Yuya Tsukamoto, Hideaki Miyashita, Kentaro Ifuku, Takashi Yamano, Adrian Marchetti, Hideya Fukuzawa, Yuki Sudo, Ryoma Kamikawa

    Microbes and Environments   38 ( 2 )   n/a - n/a   2023年

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    掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:Japanese Society of Microbial Ecology  

    DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me23015

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  • Development of an Outward Proton Pumping Rhodopsin with a New Record in Thermostability by Means of Amino Acid Mutations 査読

    Satoshi Yasuda, Tomoki Akiyama, Keiichi Kojima, Tetsuya Ueta, Tomohiko Hayashi, Satoshi Ogasawara, Satoru Nagatoishi, Kouhei Tsumoto, Naoki Kunishima, Yuki Sudo, Masahiro Kinoshita, Takeshi Murata

    The Journal of Physical Chemistry B   126 ( 5 )   1004 - 1015   2022年1月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:American Chemical Society (ACS)  

    DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c08684

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  • Proton-pumping rhodopsins in marine diatoms

    Susumu Yoshizawa, Tomonori Azuma, Keiichi Kojima, Keisuke Inomura, Masumi Hasegawa, Yosuke Nishimura, Masuzu Kikuchi, Gabrielle Armin, Hideaki Miyashita, Kentaro Ifuku, Takashi Yamano, Adrian Marchetti, Hideya Fukuzawa, Yuki Sudo, Ryoma Kamikawa

    bioRxiv   2022年1月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory  

    Abstract

    Diatoms are a major phytoplankton group responsible for about 20% of Earth’s primary production. They carry out photosynthesis inside the plastid, an organelle obtained through eukaryote-eukaryote endosymbiosis. Recently, microbial rhodopsin, a photoreceptor distinct from chlorophyll-based photosystems, has been identified in certain diatoms. However, the physiological function of diatom rhodopsin is not well understood. Here we show that the diatom rhodopsin acts as a light-driven proton pump and localizes to the outermost membrane of the four membrane-bound complex plastids. Heterologous expression techniques were used to investigate the protein function and subcellular localization of diatom rhodopsin. Using model simulations, we further evaluated the physiological role of the acidic pool in the plastid produced by proton-transporting rhodopsin. Our results propose that the rhodopsin-derived acidic pool may be involved in a photosynthetic CO2-concentrating mechanism and assist CO2 fixation in diatom cells.

    DOI: 10.1101/2022.01.18.476826

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  • Exploring the Retinal Binding Cavity of Archaerhodopsin-3 by Replacing the Retinal Chromophore With a Dimethyl Phenylated Derivative

    Taichi Tsuneishi, Masataka Takahashi, Masaki Tsujimura, Keiichi Kojima, Hiroshi Ishikita, Yasuo Takeuchi, Yuki Sudo

    Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences   8   2021年12月

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    掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:Frontiers Media SA  

    Rhodopsins act as photoreceptors with their chromophore retinal (vitamin-A aldehyde) and they regulate light-dependent biological functions. Archaerhodopsin-3 (AR3) is an outward proton pump that has been widely utilized as a tool for optogenetics, a method for controlling cellular activity by light. To characterize the retinal binding cavity of AR3, we synthesized a dimethyl phenylated retinal derivative, (2E,4E,6E,8E)-9-(2,6-Dimethylphenyl)-3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenal (DMP-retinal). QM/MM calculations suggested that DMP-retinal can be incorporated into the opsin of AR3 (archaeopsin-3, AO3). Thus, we introduced DMP-retinal into AO3 to obtain the non-natural holoprotein (AO3-DMP) and compared some molecular properties with those of AO3 with the natural A1-retinal (AO3-A1) or AR3. Light-induced pH change measurements revealed that AO3-DMP maintained slow outward proton pumping. Noteworthy, AO3-DMP had several significant changes in its molecular properties compared with AO3-A1 as follows; 1) spectroscopic measurements revealed that the absorption maximum was shifted from 556 to 508 nm and QM/MM calculations showed that the blue-shift was due to the significant increase in the HOMO-LUMO energy gap of the chromophore with the contribution of some residues around the chromophore, 2) time-resolved spectroscopic measurements revealed the photocycling rate was significantly decreased, and 3) kinetical spectroscopic measurements revealed the sensitivity of the chromophore binding Schiff base to attack by hydroxylamine was significantly increased. The QM/MM calculations show that a cavity space is present at the aromatic ring moiety in the AO3-DMP structure whereas it is absent at the corresponding <italic>β</italic>-ionone ring moiety in the AO3-A1 structure. We discuss these alterations of the difference in interaction between the natural A1-retinal and the DMP-retinal with binding cavity residues.

    DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.794948

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  • An optogenetic assay method for electrogenic transporters using Escherichia coli co‐expressing light‐driven proton pump

    Masahiro Hayashi, Keiichi Kojima, Yuki Sudo, Atsuko Yamashita

    Protein Science   30 ( 10 )   2161 - 2169   2021年7月

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    掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:Wiley  

    DOI: 10.1002/pro.4154

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    その他リンク: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/pro.4154

  • Mechanism of absorption wavelength shifts in anion channelrhodopsin-1 mutants 国際誌

    Masaki Tsujimura, Tomoyasu Noji, Keisuke Saito, Keiichi Kojima, Yuki Sudo, Hiroshi Ishikita

    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics   1862 ( 2 )   148349 - 148349   2020年11月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:Elsevier BV  

    Using a quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical approach, we show the mechanisms of how the protein environment of Guillardia theta anion channelrhodopsin-1 (GtACR1) can shift the absorption wavelength. The calculated absorption wavelengths for GtACR1 mutants, M105A, C133A, and C237A are in agreement with experimentally measured wavelengths. Among 192 mutant structures investigated, mutations at Thr101, Cys133, Pro208, and Cys237 are likely to increase the absorption wavelength. In particular, T101A GtACR1 was expressed in HEK293T cells. The measured absorption wavelength is 10 nm higher than that of wild type, consistent with the calculated wavelength. (i) Removal of a polar residue from the Schiff base moiety, (ii) addition of a polar or acidic residue to the β-ionone ring moiety, and (iii) addition of a bulky residue to increase the planarity of the β-ionone and Schiff base moieties are the basis of increasing the absorption wavelength.

    DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148349

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  • A unique clade of light-driven proton-pumping rhodopsins evolved in the cyanobacterial lineage. 査読 国際誌

    Masumi Hasegawa, Toshiaki Hosaka, Keiichi Kojima, Yosuke Nishimura, Yu Nakajima, Tomomi Kimura-Someya, Mikako Shirouzu, Yuki Sudo, Susumu Yoshizawa

    Scientific reports   10 ( 1 )   16752 - 16752   2020年10月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)  

    Microbial rhodopsin is a photoreceptor protein found in various bacteria and archaea, and it is considered to be a light-utilization device unique to heterotrophs. Recent studies have shown that several cyanobacterial genomes also include genes that encode rhodopsins, indicating that these auxiliary light-utilizing proteins may have evolved within photoautotroph lineages. To explore this possibility, we performed a large-scale genomic survey to clarify the distribution of rhodopsin and its phylogeny. Our surveys revealed a novel rhodopsin clade, cyanorhodopsin (CyR), that is unique to cyanobacteria. Genomic analysis revealed that rhodopsin genes show a habitat-biased distribution in cyanobacterial taxa, and that the CyR clade is composed exclusively of non-marine cyanobacterial strains. Functional analysis using a heterologous expression system revealed that CyRs function as light-driven outward H+ pumps. Examination of the photochemical properties and crystal structure (2.65 Å resolution) of a representative CyR protein, N2098R from Calothrix sp. NIES-2098, revealed that the structure of the protein is very similar to that of other rhodopsins such as bacteriorhodopsin, but that its retinal configuration and spectroscopic characteristics (absorption maximum and photocycle) are distinct from those of bacteriorhodopsin. These results suggest that the CyR clade proteins evolved together with chlorophyll-based photosynthesis systems and may have been optimized for the cyanobacterial environment.

    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73606-y

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  • Applicability of Styrene-Maleic Acid Copolymer for Two Microbial Rhodopsins, RxR and HsSRI 査読 国際誌

    Tetsuya Ueta, Keiichi Kojima, Tomoya Hino, Mikihiro Shibata, Shingo Nagano, Yuki Sudo

    Biophysical Journal   119 ( 9 )   1760 - 1770   2020年9月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:Elsevier BV  

    The membrane-embedded protein rhodopsin is widely produced in organisms as a photoreceptor showing a variety of light-dependent biological functions. To investigate its molecular features, rhodopsin is often extracted from cellular membrane lipids by a suitable detergent as "micelles." The extracted protein is purified by column chromatography and then is often reconstituted into "liposomes" by removal of the detergent. The styrene-maleic acid ("SMA") copolymer spontaneously forms nanostructures containing lipids without detergent. In this study, we applied SMA to characterize two microbial rhodopsins, a thermally stable rhodopsin, Rubrobacter xylanophilus rhodopsin (RxR), and an unstable one, Halobacterium salinarum sensory rhodopsin I (HsSRI), and evaluated their physicochemical properties in SMA lipid particles compared with rhodopsins in micelles and in liposomes. Those two rhodopsins were produced in Escherichia coli cells and were successfully extracted from the membrane by the addition of SMA (5 w/v %) without losing their visible color. Analysis by dynamic light scattering revealed that RxR in SMA lipid particles (RxR-SMA) formed a discoidal structure with a diameter of 54 nm, which was 10 times smaller than RxR in phosphatidylcholine liposomes. The small particle size of RxR-SMA allowed us to obtain scattering-less visible spectra with a high signal-to-noise ratio similar to RxR in detergent micelles composed of n-dodecyl-β-D-maltoside. High-speed atomic force microscopy revealed that a single particle contained an average of 4.1 trimers of RxR (12.3 monomers). In addition, RxR-SMA showed a fast cyclic photoreaction (k = 13 s-1) comparable with RxR in phosphatidylcholine liposomes (17 s-1) but not to RxR in detergent micelles composed of n-dodecyl-β-D-maltoside (0.59 s-1). By taking advantage of SMA, we determined the dissociation constant (Kd) of chloride for HsSRI as 34 mM. From these results, we conclude that SMA is a useful molecule forming a membrane-mimicking assembly for microbial rhodopsins having the advantages of detergents and liposomes.

    DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.09.026

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  • Methodology for Further Thermostabilization of an Intrinsically Thermostable Membrane Protein Using Amino Acid Mutations with Its Original Function Being Retained. 査読 国際誌

    Satoshi Yasuda, Tomoki Akiyama, Sayaka Nemoto, Tomohiko Hayashi, Tetsuya Ueta, Keiichi Kojima, Takashi Tsukamoto, Satoru Nagatoishi, Kouhei Tsumoto, Yuki Sudo, Masahiro Kinoshita, Takeshi Murata

    Journal of chemical information and modeling   60 ( 3 )   1709 - 1716   2020年3月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)  

    We develop a new methodology best suited to the identification of thermostabilizing mutations for an intrinsically stable membrane protein. The recently discovered thermophilic rhodopsin, whose apparent midpoint temperature of thermal denaturation Tm is measured to be ∼91.8 °C, is chosen as a paradigmatic target. In the methodology, we first regard the residues whose side chains are missing in the crystal structure of the wild type (WT) as the "residues with disordered side chains," which make no significant contributions to the stability, unlike the other essential residues. We then undertake mutating each of the residues with disordered side chains to another residue except Ala and Pro, and the resultant mutant structure is constructed by modifying only the local structure around the mutated residue. This construction is based on the postulation that the structure formed by the other essential residues, which is nearly optimized in such a highly stable protein, should not be modified. The stability changes arising from the mutations are then evaluated using our physics-based free-energy function (FEF). We choose the mutations for which the FEF is much lower than for the WT and test them by experiments. We successfully find three mutants that are significantly more stable than the WT. A double mutant whose Tm reaches ∼100 °C is also discovered.

    DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c00063

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  • How Does a Microbial Rhodopsin RxR Realize Its Exceptionally High Thermostability with the Proton-Pumping Function Being Retained? 査読 国際誌

    Tomohiko Hayashi, Satoshi Yasuda, Kano Suzuki, Tomoki Akiyama, Kanae Kanehara, Keiichi Kojima, Mikio Tanabe, Ryuichi Kato, Toshiya Senda, Yuki Sudo, Takeshi Murata, Masahiro Kinoshita

    The journal of physical chemistry. B   124 ( 6 )   990 - 1000   2020年2月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)  

    We often encounter a case where two proteins, whose amino-acid sequences are similar, are quite different with regard to the thermostability. As a striking example, we consider the two seven-transmembrane proteins: recently discovered Rubrobacter xylanophilus rhodopsin (RxR) and long-known bacteriorhodopsin from Halobacterium salinarum (HsBR). They commonly function as a light-driven proton pump across the membrane. Though their sequence similarity and identity are ∼71 and ∼45%, respectively, RxR is much more thermostable than HsBR. In this study, we solve the three-dimensional structure of RxR using X-ray crystallography and find that the backbone structures of RxR and HsBR are surprisingly similar to each other: The root-mean-square deviation for the two structures calculated using the backbone Cα atoms of the seven helices is only 0.86 Å, which makes the large stability difference more puzzling. We calculate the thermostability measure and its energetic and entropic components for RxR and HsBR using our recently developed statistical-mechanical theory. The same type of calculation is independently performed for the portions playing essential roles in the proton-pumping function, helices 3 and 7, and their structural properties are related to the probable roles of water molecules in the proton-transporting mechanism. We succeed in elucidating how RxR realizes its exceptionally high stability with the original function being retained. This study provides an important first step toward the establishment of a method correlating microscopic, geometric characteristics of a protein with its thermodynamic properties and enhancing the thermostability through amino-acid mutations without vitiating the original function.

    DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b10700

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  • Bacterium Lacking a Known Gene for Retinal Biosynthesis Constructs Functional Rhodopsins 査読

    Yu Nakajima, Keiichi Kojima, Yuichiro Kashiyama, Satoko Doi, Ryosuke Nakai, Yuki Sudo, Kazuhiro Kogure, Susumu Yoshizawa

    Microbes and Environments   35 ( 4 )   n/a - n/a   2020年

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:Japanese Society of Microbial Ecology  

    Microbial rhodopsins, comprising a protein moiety (rhodopsin apoprotein) bound to the light-absorbing chromophore retinal, function as ion pumps, ion channels, or light sensors. However, recent genomic and metagenomic surveys showed that some rhodopsin-possessing prokaryotes lack the known genes for retinal biosynthesis. Since rhodopsin apoproteins cannot absorb light energy, rhodopsins produced by prokaryotic strains lacking genes for retinal biosynthesis are hypothesized to be non-functional in cells. In the present study, we investigated whether Aurantimicrobium minutum KNCT, which is widely distributed in terrestrial environments and lacks any previously identified retinal biosynthesis genes, possesses functional rhodopsin. We initially measured ion transport activity in cultured cells. A light-induced pH change in a cell suspension of rhodopsin-possessing bacteria was detected in the absence of exogenous retinal. Furthermore, spectroscopic analyses of the cell lysate and HPLC-MS/MS analyses revealed that this strain contained an endogenous retinal. These results confirmed that A. minutum KNCT possesses functional rhodopsin and, hence, produces retinal via an unknown biosynthetic pathway. These results suggest that rhodopsin-possessing prokaryotes lacking known retinal biosynthesis genes also have functional rhodopsins.

    DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me20085

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  • Quantitation of the neural silencing activity of anion channelrhodopsins in Caenorhabditis elegans and their applicability for long-term illumination 査読

    Taro Yamanashi, Misayo Maki, Keiichi Kojima, Atsushi Shibukawa, Takashi Tsukamoto, Srikanta Chowdhury, Akihiro Yamanaka, Shin Takagi, Yuki Sudo

    Scientific Reports   9 ( 1 )   2019年12月

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    掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44308-x

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    その他リンク: http://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-44308-x

  • Conformational Differences among Metarhodopsin I, Metarhodopsin II, and Opsin Probed by Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering 査読

    Yasushi Imamoto, Keiichi Kojima, Toshihiko Oka, Ryo Maeda, Yoshinori Shichida

    The Journal of Physical Chemistry B   123 ( 43 )   9134 - 9142   2019年10月

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    掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:American Chemical Society (ACS)  

    DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b08311

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  • A distinct lineage of giant viruses brings a rhodopsin photosystem to unicellular marine predators. 査読 国際誌

    David M Needham, Susumu Yoshizawa, Toshiaki Hosaka, Camille Poirier, Chang Jae Choi, Elisabeth Hehenberger, Nicholas A T Irwin, Susanne Wilken, Cheuk-Man Yung, Charles Bachy, Rika Kurihara, Yu Nakajima, Keiichi Kojima, Tomomi Kimura-Someya, Guy Leonard, Rex R Malmstrom, Daniel R Mende, Daniel K Olson, Yuki Sudo, Sebastian Sudek, Thomas A Richards, Edward F DeLong, Patrick J Keeling, Alyson E Santoro, Mikako Shirouzu, Wataru Iwasaki, Alexandra Z Worden

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America   116 ( 41 )   20574 - 20583   2019年10月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)  

    Giant viruses are remarkable for their large genomes, often rivaling those of small bacteria, and for having genes thought exclusive to cellular life. Most isolated to date infect nonmarine protists, leaving their strategies and prevalence in marine environments largely unknown. Using eukaryotic single-cell metagenomics in the Pacific, we discovered a Mimiviridae lineage of giant viruses, which infects choanoflagellates, widespread protistan predators related to metazoans. The ChoanoVirus genomes are the largest yet from pelagic ecosystems, with 442 of 862 predicted proteins lacking known homologs. They are enriched in enzymes for modifying organic compounds, including degradation of chitin, an abundant polysaccharide in oceans, and they encode 3 divergent type-1 rhodopsins (VirR) with distinct evolutionary histories from those that capture sunlight in cellular organisms. One (VirRDTS) is similar to the only other putative rhodopsin from a virus (PgV) with a known host (a marine alga). Unlike the algal virus, ChoanoViruses encode the entire pigment biosynthesis pathway and cleavage enzyme for producing the required chromophore, retinal. We demonstrate that the rhodopsin shared by ChoanoViruses and PgV binds retinal and pumps protons. Moreover, our 1.65-Å resolved VirRDTS crystal structure and mutational analyses exposed differences from previously characterized type-1 rhodopsins, all of which come from cellular organisms. Multiple VirR types are present in metagenomes from across surface oceans, where they are correlated with and nearly as abundant as a canonical marker gene from Mimiviridae Our findings indicate that light-dependent energy transfer systems are likely common components of giant viruses of photosynthetic and phagotrophic unicellular marine eukaryotes.

    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1907517116

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  • Photochemical Characterization of a New Heliorhodopsin from the Gram-Negative Eubacterium Bellilinea caldifistulae (BcHeR) and Comparison with Heliorhodopsin-48C12 査読

    Shibukawa A, Kojima K, Nakajima Y, Nishimura Y, Yoshizawa S, Sudo Y

    Biochemistry   58 ( 26 )   2934 - 2943   2019年7月

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  • High Thermal Stability of Oligomeric Assemblies of Thermophilic Rhodopsin in a Lipid Environment 査読

    Tomomi Shionoya, Misao Mizuno, Takashi Tsukamoto, Kento Ikeda, Hayato Seki, Keiichi Kojima, Mikihiro Shibata, Izuru Kawamura, Yuki Sudo, Yasuhisa Mizutani

    The Journal of Physical Chemistry B   122 ( 27 )   6945 - 6953   2018年7月

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    掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:American Chemical Society (ACS)  

    DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b04894

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  • Production of a Light-Gated Proton Channel by Replacing the Retinal Chromophore with Its Synthetic Vinylene Derivative

    Riho Takayama, Akimasa Kaneko, Takashi Okitsu, Satoshi P. Tsunoda, Kazumi Shimono, Misao Mizuno, Keiichi Kojima, Takashi Tsukamoto, Hideki Kandori, Yasuhisa Mizutani, Akimori Wada, Yuki Sudo

    Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters   9 ( 11 )   2857 - 2862   2018年6月

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:American Chemical Society  

    Rhodopsin is widely distributed in organisms as a membrane-embedded photoreceptor protein, consisting of the apoprotein opsin and vitamin-A aldehyde retinal, A1-retinal and A2-retinal being the natural chromophores. Modifications of opsin (e.g., by mutations) have provided insight into the molecular mechanism of the light-induced functions of rhodopsins as well as providing tools in chemical biology to control cellular activity by light. Instead of the apoprotein opsin, in this study, we focused on the retinal chromophore and synthesized three vinylene derivatives of A2-retinal. One of them, C(14)-vinylene A2-retinal (14V-A2), was successfully incorporated into the opsin of a light-driven proton pump archaerhodopsin-3 (AR3). Electrophysiological experiments revealed that the opsin of AR3 (archaeopsin3, AO3) with 14V-A2 functions as a light-gated proton channel. The engineered proton channel showed characteristic photochemical properties, which are significantly different from those of AR3. Thus, we successfully produced a proton channel by replacing the chromophore of AR3.

    DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b00879

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  • Pinopsin evolved as the ancestral dim-light visual opsin in vertebrates 査読 国際誌

    Sato K, Yamashita T, Kojima K, Sakai K, Matsutani Y, Yanagawa M, Yamano Y, Wada A, Iwabe N, Ohuchi H, Shichida Y

    Communications Biology   1   156 - 156   2018年

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)  

    DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0164-x

    PubMed

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  • Spectroscopic characteristics of Rubricoccus marinus xenorhodopsin (RmXeR) and a putative model for its inward H+ transport mechanism 査読

    Saki Inoue, Susumu Yoshizawa, Yu Nakajima, Keiichi Kojima, Takashi Tsukamoto, Takashi Kikukawa, Yuki Sudo

    Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics   20 ( 5 )   3172 - 3183   2018年

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    掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)  

    <p>On the basis of functional and spectroscopic characterization, we propose a model for the inward proton transport in<italic>Rm</italic>XeR, a newly discovered microbial rhodopsin.</p>

    DOI: 10.1039/c7cp05033j

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  • Helical rearrangement of photoactivated rhodopsin in monomeric and dimeric forms probed by high-angle X-ray scattering 査読

    Imamoto Yasushi, Kojima Keiichi, Oka Toshihiko, Maeda Ryo, Shichida Yoshinori

    Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences   14 ( 11 )   1965 - 1973   2015年

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    記述言語:英語   掲載種別:研究論文(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:Royal Society of Chemistry  

    Light-induced helical rearrangement of vertebrate visual rhodopsin was directly monitored by high-angle X-ray scattering (HAXS), ranging from Q (= 4π sin θ/λ) = 0.03 Å-1 to Q = 1.5 Å-1. HAXS of nanodiscs containing a single rhodopsin molecule was performed before and after photoactivation of rhodopsin. The intensity difference curve obtained by HAXS agreed with that calculated from the crystal structure of dark state rhodopsin and metarhodopsin II, indicating that the conformational change of monomeric rhodopsin in the membrane is consistent with that occurring in the crystal. On the other hand, the HAXS intensity difference curve of nanodiscs containing two rhodopsin molecules was significantly reduced, similar to that calculated from the crystal structure of the deprotonated intermediate, without a large conformational change. These results suggest that rhodopsin is dimerized in the membrane and that the interaction between rhodopsin molecules modulates structural changes.

    DOI: 10.1039/c5pp00175g

    Web of Science

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MISC

  • Convergent evolution of animal and microbial rhodopsins

    Keiichi Kojima, Yuki Sudo

    RSC Advances   13 ( 8 )   5367 - 5381   2023年

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    担当区分:筆頭著者, 責任著者   出版者・発行元:Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)  

    Animal and microbial rhodopsins have common molecular properties (e.g. protein structure, retinal structure, color sensitivity, and photoreaction) while their functions are distinctively different (e.g. GPCRs versus and ion transporters).

    DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07073a

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  • カエルとヤモリが夜でも色が分かるワケ 査読

    比較生理生化学   39 ( 3 )   122 - 131   2022年12月

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    担当区分:筆頭著者  

    DOI: 10.3330/hikakuseiriseika.39.122

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  • Expression of microbial rhodopsins in Escherichia coli and their extraction and purification using styrene-maleic acid copolymers

    Keiichi Kojima, Yuki Sudo

    STAR Protocols   3 ( 1 )   101046 - 101046   2022年3月

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    担当区分:筆頭著者   掲載種別:記事・総説・解説・論説等(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:Elsevier BV  

    DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.101046

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  • Microbial Rhodopsins as Multi-functional Photoreactive Membrane Proteins for Optogenetics 査読

    Shin Nakao, Keiichi Kojima, Yuki Sudo

    Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin   44 ( 10 )   1357 - 1363   2021年10月

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    掲載種別:記事・総説・解説・論説等(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:Pharmaceutical Society of Japan  

    DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00544

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  • 光受容タンパク質・ロドプシンの生物物理化学研究

    小島慧一

    薬学雑誌   141 ( 10 )   1155 - 1160   2021年10月

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    掲載種別:記事・総説・解説・論説等(学術雑誌)  

    DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.21-00144

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  • The Unlimited Potential of Microbial Rhodopsins as Optical Tools

    Keiichi Kojima, Atsushi Shibukawa, Yuki Sudo

    Biochemistry   59 ( 3 )   218 - 229   2020年1月

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    担当区分:筆頭著者   掲載種別:記事・総説・解説・論説等(学術雑誌)   出版者・発行元:American Chemical Society (ACS)  

    DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00768

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  • 微生物ロドプシンの多様性と可能性

    須藤 雄気, 小島 慧一

    生物物理   60 ( 4 )   209 - 214   2020年

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    掲載種別:記事・総説・解説・論説等(学術雑誌)  

    DOI: 10.2142/biophys.60.209

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  • RESEARCH:光受容タンパク質から眼の進化を追う

    小島 慧一

    季刊「生命誌」   ( 97号 )   2018年

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    掲載種別:記事・総説・解説・論説等(商業誌、新聞、ウェブメディア)  

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  • “カエルは暗がりで色を見分けられる? ~暗所視を司る錐体視物質の低い熱雑音の 進化的獲得~”

    小島 慧一

    生物物理   58   209 - 210   2018年

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    掲載種別:記事・総説・解説・論説等(学術雑誌)  

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  • Conversion of microbial rhodopsins: insights into functionally essential elements and rational protein engineering

    Kaneko A, Inoue K, Kojima K, Kandori H, Sudo Y

    Biophysical Reviews   9 ( 6 )   861 - 876   2017年

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    掲載種別:記事・総説・解説・論説等(学術雑誌)  

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  • バイオマスを2倍にする新技術:ロドプシンを用いた緑藻クラミドモナスの生育制御

    小島慧一, 長瀬友里恵, 田村丞, 須藤雄気

    クリーンエネルギー   31   49 - 57   2022年3月

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  • 光がくすりになる!?–ロドプシンによる生命機能の光操作

    須藤雄気, 小島慧一

    月刊化学   77   64 - 65   2022年1月

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  • 光+ロドプシン=くすり

    須藤雄気, 小島慧一, 川西志歩

    フォトニクスニュース(応用物理学会誌)   7 ( 4 )   153 - 158   2022年

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  • マルチタレント光受容タンパク質「ロドプシン」

    須藤雄気, 小島慧一

    現代化学   50 - 53   2021年4月

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    掲載種別:記事・総説・解説・論説等(商業誌、新聞、ウェブメディア)  

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講演・口頭発表等

  • Phosphate ion binding modulates photochemical properties of a light-driven SO42- transporter, SyHR

    第56回日本生物物理学会  2018年 

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  • Impact and mechanism of phosphate binding to a light-driven anion transporter SyHR

    18th International Conference on Retinal Proteins  2018年 

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  • Bottom-up approach for microbial rhodopsin-based optogenetic tools

    第56回日本生物物理学会  2018年 

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  • Optimization mechanism of vertebrate visual pigments for scotopic vision

    International Symposium on Biophysics of Rhodopsins  2017年 

     詳細を見る

  • Evolutionary acquisition of low thermal noise of cone pigments for scotopic vision

    第55回日本生物物理学会  2017年 

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  • Comparative analysis of thermal activation rate in vertebrate cone visual pigments

    第87回 日本動物学会  2016年 

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  • Thermal activation rates of visual pigments expressed in rods

    第54回日本生物物理学会  2016年 

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  • Thermal isomerization rate of retinal chromophore in blue-sensitive cone pigments expressed in amphibian green rods

    17th International Conference on Retinal Proteins  2016年 

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受賞

  • 岡山大学若手トップリサーチャー研究奨励賞

    2023年  

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  • 日本光生物学協会奨励賞

    2022年  

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  • 日本薬学会 中国四国支部 奨励賞

    2020年  

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  • 日本生物物理学会若手奨励賞

    2017年  

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    受賞国:日本国

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共同研究・競争的資金等の研究

  • ロドプシンの個性を生かした生命現象の革新的光操作法の開発

    研究課題/領域番号:21K15054  2021年04月 - 2023年03月

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業  若手研究

    小島 慧一

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    配分額:4550000円 ( 直接経費:3500000円 、 間接経費:1050000円 )

    本研究では、多様なロドプシン分子の新奇的な性質を生かした革新的な光操作技術の開発を行う。すなわち、申請者らが解析してきた/見出したロドプシンの新奇的な性質を活用することで、動物細胞や個体における様々な生命応答を自在に光操作できる技術基盤を創成する。そのため、交付申請書に記載した実験計画に沿って、「分子特性の理解・改変と最適化」と「分子特性の動物細胞・個体への適用」を進めてきた。
    「分子特性の理解・改変と最適化」に関しては、以下の(1)~(3)に成功した。(1)新規リン酸イオン輸送型ロドプシンの生化学的・分光学的解析を行い、イオン輸送モデルを提唱した。(2)深海生物由来のGPCR型ロドプシンの機能発現系を構築し、分子解析を行った。その結果、高いGq活性化能を持つ可視光吸収型分子の同定に成功した。(3)渦鞭毛藻由来のロドプシン(OmR2)の機能発現系を構築し、分光学的・生化学的・電気生理学的解析を行った。その結果、OmR2がプロトンポンプ機能を持つことを示し、そのイオン輸送機構を明らかにした。
    「分子特性の動物細胞・個体への適用」に関しては、外向きプロトンポンプロドプシンであるAR3または内向きプロトンポンプロドプシンであるRmXeRを多様なヒト培養細胞(HeLa, SH-SY5Yなど)に発現させ、細胞内pHを自在に光で制御できる光操作技術を作出した。さらに、この手法を多様なヒト培養細胞および動物個体(線虫)へと適用し、細胞内のアルカリ化を介してアポトーシス(細胞死)を制御できる新規技術を開発した。

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  • 微生物型ロドプシンの包括的機能・構造解析に基づく新たなオプトジェネティクスの開拓

    研究課題/領域番号:19K16090  2019年04月 - 2021年03月

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業  若手研究

    小島 慧一

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    配分額:4160000円 ( 直接経費:3200000円 、 間接経費:960000円 )

    微生物型ロドプシンは、レチナールを発色団とする7回膜貫通型光受容タンパク質であり、生物の3大ドメインに幅広く存在し、イオン輸送体や光センサーなど多岐にわたる機能を示す。近年、ロドプシン分子は、動物細胞や個体の働きを光で操作する技術「オプトジェネティクス(光遺伝学)」のツールとして注目されている。本研究では、新奇微生物型ロドプシンの分子特性の解析と改変(基礎的研究)を行い、動物細胞や個体における様々な生命現象を光操作する新奇ツールの開発に成功した。

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担当授業科目

  • コミュニケーション入門 (2023年度) 第1学期  - 火3~4

  • コミュニケーション入門 (2023年度) 第1学期  - 火3~4

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  • 基礎物理学 (2023年度) 第1学期  - 火5~6,金3~4

  • 感じる科学 (2023年度) 第4学期  - 金3~4

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  • コミュニケーション入門 (2022年度) 第1学期  - 火3~4

  • コミュニケーション入門 (2022年度) 第1学期  - 火3~4

  • 分析科学・物理化学 (2022年度) 特別  - その他

  • 基礎物理学 (2022年度) 第1学期  - 火5~6,金3~4

  • 基礎物理学 (2022年度) 第1学期  - 火5~6,金3~4

  • 基礎物理学 (2022年度) 第1学期  - 火5~6,金3~4

  • 基礎物理学 (2022年度) 第1学期  - 火5~6,金3~4

  • 感じる科学 (2022年度) 第4学期  - 金3~4

  • 薬学基本実習 (2022年度) 第1学期  - その他5~9

  • 薬学基本実習 (2022年度) 第1学期  - その他5~9

  • 薬学基礎実習Ⅰ (2022年度) 第1学期  - その他5~9

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  • コミュニケーション入門 (2021年度) 第1学期  - 火3~4

  • コミュニケーション入門 (2021年度) 第1学期  - 火3~4

  • 分析科学・物理化学 (2021年度) 前期  - その他

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  • 基礎物理学 (2021年度) 第1学期  - 火5,火6,金3,金4

  • 基礎物理学 (2021年度) 第1学期  - 火5,火6,金3,金4

  • 基礎物理学 (2021年度) 第1学期  - 火5,火6,金3,金4

  • 感じる科学 (2021年度) 第4学期  - 金3~4

  • 薬学基本実習 (2021年度) 1~3学期  - その他6~9

  • 薬学基本実習 (2021年度) 1~3学期  - その他6~9

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  • 薬学基礎実習Ⅰ (2021年度) 第1学期  - その他6~9

  • 薬学基礎実習I (2021年度) 第1学期  - その他6~9

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  • コミュニケーション入門 (2020年度) 第4学期  - 火7,火8

  • 基礎物理学 (2020年度) 第1学期  - 火4,火5,火6

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