記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND: Epiretinal membrane (ERM) causes visual impairment such as reduction in visual acuity and metamorphopsia due to retinal traction. With the improvement of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and microincision vitrectomy surgery (MIVS), the surgery of ERM has significantly advanced. However, there have been no large-scale studies on the following: (1) how to evaluate visual impairment in ERM, (2) the relationship between OCT findings and visual function, (3) when is the optimal timing of surgery, and (4) the relationship between the surgical instruments as well as techniques and prognosis. The purpose of this study was to obtain evidence regarding these ERM surgeries. METHODS AND DESIGN: This is a prospective, multicenter cohort study of ERM surgery in Japan from March 1, 2023, to March 31, 2027 (UMIN000048472, R-3468-2). Patients who underwent ERM surgery during the study period and agreed to participate in this study will be included. The goal is to have a total of 5,000 eyes surgically treated for ERM. The following data will be collected: age, gender, medical history, subjective symptoms, visual function before and 6 and 12 months after surgery, clinical findings, OCT data, surgical technique, instruments used in surgery, and complications. DISCUSSION: The results of this study will support the surgical decisions and procedures in ERM practices.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0297347

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

PURPOSE: To assess epiretinal membrane (ERM) formation, severity, and the associated risk factors after scleral buckling using en face optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. METHODS: Medical records of 61 consecutive patients (66 eyes) with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment who underwent scleral buckling were retrospectively reviewed. Posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) was determined based on B-scan OCT images. En face OCT images were used to visualize the ERM and retinal folds. ERM formation was identified by comparing en face images pre- and post-surgery. The maximum depth of the retinal folds (MDRF) was measured using en face imaging to objectively assess traction strength. RESULTS: ERM formation occurred in 15 (22.7%) eyes at the final visit; the foveal pit was preserved in all cases. Parafoveal retinal folds were present in 5 (7.6%) eyes, with a mean MDRF of 21.8 ± 12.6 µm. No significant difference was observed in best-corrected visual acuity (logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution) between the ERM formation (-0.019 ± 0.128) and non-ERM formation (-0.001 ± 0.213) groups at the final visit (P = 0.593; Mann-Whitney U test). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that older age and the presence of PVD were significant risk factors for ERM formation (odds ratio 1.07, 95% confidence interval 1.01-1.14, P = 0.032; odds ratio 5.26, 95% confidence interval 1.06-26.10, P = 0.042; respectively). CONCLUSION: ERM occurred in 22.7% of cases but was mild and did not affect visual acuity. Older age and the presence of PVD are risk factors for ERM formation.

DOI： 10.1007/s00417-023-06285-w

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担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

PURPOSE: To identify a method for accurately measuring preoperative axial length (AL) in cases of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. METHODS: This retrospective study included 83 eyes of 83 patients who underwent vitrectomy for RRD and had both preoperative and postoperative data for AL. Preoperative AL measurements for the affected eye were obtained using ultrasound (aUS-AL) and compared with those for affected and fellow eyes measured using optical biometry (aOB-AL and fOB-AL, respectively). Absolute differences between preoperative aUS-AL, aOB-AL, or fOB-AL measurements and postoperative AL (aPost-AL) were examined. RESULTS: In the 41 eyes without macular detachment, the absolute difference between aOB-AL and aPost-AL (0.06±0.07 mm) was significantly smaller than between aUS-AL and aPost-AL (0.21±0.18 mm) and that between fOB-AL and aPost-AL (0.29±0.35 mm) (P = 0.017 and P < 0.001, respectively). In the 42 eyes with macular detachment, the absolute difference between aOB-AL and aPost-AL (1.22±2.40 mm) was significantly larger than between aUS-AL and aPost-AL (0.24±0.24 mm) and between fOB-AL and aPost-AL (0.35±0.49 mm) (P = 0.006, P = 0.016, respectively). CONCLUSION: The current findings suggest that aOB-AL is more accurate than aUS-AL or fOB-AL in cases of RRD without macular detachment, while aUS-AL or fOB-AL is more accurate than aOB-AL in cases with macular detachment.

DOI： 10.1007/s10384-023-01018-2

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記述言語：英語  

A 23-year-old woman presented with a 1-month history of visual abnormalities in her right eye. A visual field test revealed temporal abnormalities in the right eye. Optical coherence tomography revealed an indistinct ellipsoid zone (EZ) on the B-scan image and hyporeflective areas in the EZ layer on the en face image in the right eye. We diagnosed the patient with acute zonal occult outer retinopathy. Visual field tests and B-scan images improved to almost normal at 6 months, but hyporeflective areas remained on the en face images. Thus, en face images may be more sensitive at detecting abnormalities in the outer retina than other modalities.

DOI： 10.18926/AMO/65756

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

PURPOSE: To investigate preoperative factors associated with simultaneous internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling during epiretinal membrane (ERM) removal. STUDY DESIGN: Observational cross-sectional study. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 60 eyes with idiopathic ERM that underwent vitrectomy. The gap between the ERM and ILM was visualized using en face optical coherence tomography. The depth and width of the ERM-ILM gap at the initiation site of ERM removal were measured, and the relationship between preoperative factors including these parameters and simultaneous ILM peeling during ERM removal was investigated. RESULTS: The ILM was simultaneously peeled during ERM removal in 30 eyes, but not in the other 30 eyes. Age was significantly higher (P = 0.017) and the width of the ERM-ILM gap was significantly smaller (P < 0.001) in the simultaneous ILM peeling (+) group than in the simultaneous ILM peeling (-) group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed the width of the ERM-ILM gap as a significant negative predictor for simultaneous ILM peeling (odds ratio, 0.992; 95% confidence interval, 0.986-0.997; P = 0.003). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of the width of the ERM-ILM gap revealed that the optimal cutoff for predicting simultaneous ILM peeling was 187.1 µm. CONCLUSION: The small width of the ERM-ILM gap at the initiation site of ERM removal was significantly associated with simultaneous ILM peeling, indicating that the adhesion strength between the ERM and ILM at the initial ERM grasping site determines whether simultaneous ILM peeling will occur during ERM removal.

DOI： 10.1007/s10384-023-00993-w

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

PURPOSE: To compare the effects of macular intraretinal hemorrhage (IRH) and macular hole (MH) on best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) after displacement of submacular hemorrhage (SMH) due to retinal arterial macroaneurysm (RAM) rupture. METHODS: This multicenter retrospective study included 48 eyes with SMH due to RAM rupture. Cases underwent vitrectomy to displace SMH and were followed up for 6 months. We classified cases according to the presence of IRH and MH and compared the postoperative BCVA among the groups. RESULTS: We classified the eyes into IRH(+)MH(+) group (10 eyes), IRH(+)MH(-) group (23 eyes), and IRH(-)MH(-) group (15 eyes). The postoperative BCVA was significantly worse in the IRH(+)MH(+) and IRH(+)MH(-) groups than in the IRH(-)MH(-) group (0.91 ± 0.41 in logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution units, Snellen equivalent 20/163, 0.87 ± 0.45, 20/148, and 0.18 ± 0.21, 20/30, respectively; P < 0.001). The postoperative central retinal thickness was significantly lower in the IRH(+) group (IRH(+)MH(+) and IRH(+)MH(-) groups combined) than in the IRH(-) group (IRH(-)MH(-) group) (121.4 ± 70.1 µ m and 174.3 ± 32.9 µ m, respectively, P = 0.008). The postoperative external limiting membrane and ellipsoid zone continuities were significantly discontinuous in the IRH(+) group ( P < 0.001, P = 0.001, respectively). The multiple linear regression analysis showed that both IRH(+)MH(+) and IRH(+)MH(-) were associated with the postoperative BCVA (regression coefficient, 0.799 and 0.711, respectively; P < 0.001 for both). CONCLUSION: Both IRH and MH were poor prognostic indicators in cases with SMH due to RAM rupture.

DOI： 10.1097/IAE.0000000000003725

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.xops.2023.100305

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.xops.2023.100312

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担当区分：責任著者   記述言語：英語  

An 18-year-old male high school student presented to our clinic with bilateral blunt ocular trauma caused by an exercise resistance band (ERB) during a muscle-building exercise. Best-corrected decimal visual acuities (BCVAs) for right and left eyes were light perception and 0.15, respectively. The right eye was operated 10 days after injury for persistent vitreous hemorrhage, and the left eye 5 months later because of macular hole onset. After 36 months, the right eye showed extensive retinal degeneration (BCVA 0.04), and the left eye macular hole closure (BCVA 1.2). ERBs should be used cautiously as they can cause serious ocular trauma.

DOI： 10.18926/AMO/63747

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

PURPOSE: To establish an objective and quantitative biomarker of metamorphopsia in epiretinal membranes (ERMs) and determine the optimal timing for ERM surgery. METHODS: Retrospectively, 172 eyes with ERM were reviewed. Retinal folds due to tangential traction by ERM were visualized by en face optical coherence tomography (OCT). The maximum depth of retinal folds (MDRF) within the parafovea was quantified. Metamorphopsia was quantified by M-CHARTS. The change in the distance between the retinal vessels after ERM surgery and the preoperative total depth of retinal folds between the vessels were quantified using en face OCT and OCT angiography. RESULTS: Significant correlations were observed between preoperative MDRF and M-CHARTS scores before and at 6 months after surgery (r=0.617 and 0.460, respectively; P<0.001) and change in the distance between the retinal vessels after ERM surgery and preoperative total depth of retinal folds between the vessels (r=0.471, P=0.013). The preoperative MDRF values at which M-CHARTS scores were 0.5 before and 6 months after surgery were 69 μm and 118 μm, respectively. CONCLUSION: MDRF is an objective and quantitative biomarker of metamorphopsia in ERM. To maintain patients' quality of vision, ERM surgery may be performed when the preoperative MDRF ranges between 69 and 118 μm.

DOI： 10.1097/IAE.0000000000003401

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記述言語：英語  

A 65-year-old man presented with a 1-week history of left eye distortion. An elevated choroidal lesion covering 6 disc diameters was found in the posterior retina of the left eye. Systemic examination revealed sublingual gland carcinoma and multiple lung metastases, and the diagnosis was choroidal metastasis from sublingual gland carcinoma. Following chemotherapy and radiation therapy, the choroidal lesion shrunk and the patient's visual acuity improved. The patient died 23 months after his first visit. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of choroidal metastasis from sublingual gland carcinoma.

DOI： 10.18926/AMO/62815

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

PURPOSE: To investigate epiretinal membrane (ERM) formation using en face optical coherence tomography (OCT) after vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 64 consecutive eyes (64 patients) with RRD treated by vitrectomy without ERM and internal limiting membrane peeling. ERMs and retinal folds were detected by B-scan and en face imaging. The maximum depth of retinal folds (MDRF) was quantified using en face imaging. ERM severity was staged using B-scan imaging. Main outcome measures were ERM detection rate with B-scan and en face imaging, MDRF, ERM staging, postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA; logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution), and risk factors for ERM formation. RESULTS: The detection rate for ERM formation was significantly higher with en face imaging (70.3%) than with B-scan imaging (46.9%; P = 0.007). There was no significant difference in postoperative BCVA between eyes with ERM formation (0.06 ± 0.26) and those without ERM formation (0.01 ± 0.14; P = 0.298). Forty of 45 (88.9%) eyes with ERM formation were classified as stage 1. Twenty-seven of 45 (60.0%) eyes with ERM formation developed parafoveal retinal folds. The mean MDRF was 27.4 ± 32.2 μm. Multiple retinal breaks and a maximum retinal break size of ≥ 2 disc diameters were significantly associated with ERM formation (P = 0.033 and P = 0.031, respectively). CONCLUSION: Although ERM formation was observed in 70.3% patients after RRD repair, the formed ERM was not severe and had minimal impact on the postoperative visual acuity.

DOI： 10.1007/s00417-021-05118-y

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

PURPOSE: To evaluate the cytotoxic effects of alteplase, a recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, and its additives on human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells. STUDY DESIGN: Laboratory study. METHODS: We evaluated the cytotoxic effects of alteplase on human fetal RPE (hfRPE) cells, human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived RPE (hiPS-RPE), and ARPE-19 cells, as well as the cytotoxic effects of L-arginine and polysorbate 80, two additives of alteplase, on hfRPE cells. The effects of alteplase on the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) from hfRPE cells and the transepithelial resistance (TER) of hiPS-RPE cells were also assessed. The type of cell death induced by alteplase was investigated using ethidium homodimer III and FITC-Annexin V staining and terminal transferase deoxyuridine triphosphatase nick-end labeling. RESULTS: Alteplase reduced the viability of hfRPE cells significantly in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The reaction of hiPS-RPE and ARPE19 cells to alteplase was similar to that of hfRPE cells. Out of L-arginine and polysorbate 80, only treatment with L-arginine significantly reduced the viability of hfRPE cells. Alteplase (83 μg/ml, 6 h) had no significant effect on the production of VEGF and PEDF from hfRPE cells. Alteplase decreased the TER of hiPS-RPE cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner and induced necrosis as the type of cell death. CONCLUSION: Alteplase can be cytotoxic to human RPE cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, with L-arginine being a possible causative factor.

DOI： 10.1007/s10384-021-00848-2

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

PURPOSE: To analyze en face epiretinal membrane (ERM) images constructed using swept-source (SS) OCT and to determine the incidence of ERM formation after ERM surgery and its effects on visual function. DESIGN: Retrospective, consecutive observational study. PARTICIPANTS: Consecutive series of 73 eyes (71 patients) with idiopathic ERM that underwent vitrectomy with both ERM and internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the data of the 73 eyes included in the study. During surgery, the ERM was removed as extensively as possible, and the ILM was removed such that the area of ILM peeling was at least larger than the parafoveal area. All patients underwent comprehensive ophthalmologic examinations, including assessments of best-corrected visual acuity and metamorphopsia, before and at 2 weeks and 6 months after the surgery. En face images constructed using SS OCT were used to investigate ERM formation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The incidence of ERM formation at 6 months after the surgery, effects of ERM formation on visual function, and the relationship between ERM formation and the extent of ERM and ILM peeling. RESULTS: At 6 months after ERM and ILM peeling, 8 eyes (11.0%) showed ERM formation (formation group). Twenty eyes (27.4%) exhibited remnant ERM without ERM formation (remnant group), whereas 45 eyes (61.6%) showed no ERM (no ERM group). In both the remnant and no ERM groups, best-corrected visual acuity and metamorphopsia showed significant improvements after ERM surgery (both P < 0.01); these improvements were not seen in the formation group (P = 0.067 and P = 0.053, respectively). However, no significant differences were found in preoperative and postoperative best-corrected visual acuities and metamorphopsia among the 3 groups. In the formation group, ERM formation occurred only in the area with residual ILM. Most patients who underwent ILM peeling in which the area of the peeling covered the ERM belonged to the no ERM group (97.7%; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Epiretinal membrane formation does not affect visual function significantly when the area of ILM peeling is larger than the parafoveal area. When the ILM peeling area covers the ERM area, postoperative ERM formation can be prevented.

DOI： 10.1016/j.oret.2020.10.017

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担当区分：責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

A 58-year-old Japanese man underwent vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in 2002. Twelve years later, optical coherence tomography revealed the development of a lamellar macular hole; the visual acuity was 20/200. Two years later, because metamorphopsia and the foveal retina thinning were aggravated, epiretinal proliferation embedding was performed to restore the foveal structure by transplanting glial cells to the foveal cavity. The patient was followed-up for 4 years, and his macular morphology and visual acuity (20/66) improved. No complications occurred. This appears to be the first report of epiretinal proliferation embedding for a lamellar macular hole post-RRD repair.

DOI： 10.18926/AMO/62236

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

This retrospective study was performed to classify diabetic macular edema (DME) based on the localization and area of the fluid and to investigate the relationship of the classification with visual acuity (VA). The fluid was visualized using en face optical coherence tomography (OCT) images constructed using swept-source OCT. A total of 128 eyes with DME were included. The retina was segmented into: Segment 1, mainly comprising the inner nuclear layer and outer plexiform layer, including Henle's fiber layer; and Segment 2, mainly comprising the outer nuclear layer. DME was classified as: foveal cystoid space at Segment 1 and no fluid at Segment 2 (n = 24), parafoveal cystoid space at Segment 1 and no fluid at Segment 2 (n = 25), parafoveal cystoid space at Segment 1 and diffuse fluid at Segment 2 (n = 16), diffuse fluid at both segments (n = 37), and diffuse fluid at both segments with subretinal fluid (n = 26). Eyes with diffuse fluid at Segment 2 showed significantly poorer VA, higher ellipsoid zone disruption rates, and greater central subfield thickness than did those without fluid at Segment 2 (P < 0.001 for all). These results indicate the importance of the localization and area of the fluid for VA in DME.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-021-87440-3

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1097/IAE.0b013e318285ce31

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記述言語：英語  

A 79-year-old woman presented to our hospital with a 10-day history of gradually worsening binocular vision and severe backache. Further investigations revealed poor bilateral best-corrected visual acuities (BCVA), bilateral vitreous opacities, gray-white lesions scattered throughout the retina, and a left iliopsoas abscess on CT that later grew out methicillin-sensitive S. aureus. The abscess was drained and intravenous antibiotics were initiated, but the left eye additionally required intravitreal vancomycin. BCVA for both eyes normalized within 1 year. Intramuscular abscess should be considered as a possible primary lesion in cases of endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis.

DOI： 10.18926/AMO/61909

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND: Cost-effective and noninvasive methods for in vivo imaging of amyloid deposition are needed to screen Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although retinal amyloid is a possible diagnostic marker of AD, there are very few studies on in vivo retinal amyloid imaging. OBJECTIVE: To examine the usefulness of in vivo imaging of retinal amyloid in AD patients. METHODS: To examine amyloid deposition, 30 Japanese subjects (10 normal control (NC), 7 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 13 with AD) underwent a complete ophthalmic examination, including fundus imaging by scanning laser ophthalmoscopy before and after oral curcumin intake. RESULTS: Retinal amyloid deposition was greater in AD than in NC subjects (*p < 0.05) while MCI showed a slight but insignificant increase of retinal amyloid deposition relative to NC subjects. Retinal amyloid deposition was correlated with whole gray matter atrophy (r = 0.51, *p < 0.05) but not with the cognitive score of the Mini-Mental State Examination, nor with medial temporal lobe atrophy. CONCLUSION: The present noninvasive in vivo detection of retinal amyloid deposition is useful for screening AD patients.

DOI： 10.3233/JAD-210327

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

This retrospective study investigated foveal and perifoveal retinal sensitivities using microperimetry before and after surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). Consecutive patients with RRD who underwent vitrectomy or scleral buckling were included. Comprehensive ophthalmological examinations, including microperimetry and swept-source optical coherence tomography, were performed before and 6 months after surgery. Pre- and postoperative retinal sensitivities at the fovea and 4 perifoveal measurement points farthest from the fixation point, both vertically and horizontally (superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal) were examined. A total of 34 foveal and 136 perifoveal measurement points in 34 eyes of 34 patients were evaluated. The postoperative retinal sensitivity was significantly higher than the preoperative value at foveal and perifoveal points with (P < 0.001 for both) and without (fovea: P = 0.005, perifovea: P < 0.001) RRD. The postoperative retinal sensitivity was significantly lower at foveal (P < 0.01) and perifoveal (P < 0.001) points with preoperative RRD than at points without preoperative RRD; furthermore, it was significantly better at points with ellipsoid zone (Ez) continuity than at points with Ez discontinuity (fovea: P < 0.01, perifovea: P < 0.001). RRD deteriorates retinal sensitivity, regardless of its presence or absence at the measurement point before surgery. Postoperative Ez continuity is important for good postoperative retinal sensitivity.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-020-78693-5

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND: Perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL) is an effective surgical adjuvant in performing vitrectomy for severe vitreoretinal pathologies such as proliferative vitreoretinopathy and giant retinal tears. However, subretinal retention of PFCL can occur postoperatively and retained PFCL causes severe visual disorders, particularly when PFCL was retained under the fovea. Although several procedures have been proposed for subfoveal PFCL removal, such as direct aspiration or submacular injection of balanced salt solution (BSS) to dislodge the subfoveal PFCL, the retinal damage associated with these procedures has been a major problem. Here, we report a case of subfoveal retention of PFCL for which we performed a novel surgical technique that attempts to minimize retinal damage. CASE PRESENTATION: A 69-year-old man presented with subfoveal retained PFCL after surgery for retinal detachment. To remove the retained PFCL, the internal limiting membrane overlying the subretinal injection site is first peeled to allow low-pressure (8 psi) transretinal BSS infusion, using a 41-gauge cannula, to slowly detach the macula. A small drainage retinotomy is created with the diathermy tip at the inferior position of the macular bleb, sized to be slightly wider than that of the PFCL droplet. The head of the bed is then raised, and the surgeon gently vibrates the patient's head to release the PFCL droplet to allow it to migrate inferiorly towards the drainage retinotomy. The bed is returned to the horizontal position, and the PFCL, now on the retinal surface, can be aspirated. The subfoveal PFCL is removed while minimizing iatrogenic foveal and macular damage. One month after PFCL removal, the foveal structure showed partial recovery on optical coherence tomography, and BCVA improved to 20/40. CONCLUSION: Creating a macular bleb with low infusion pressure and using vibrational forces and gravity to migrate the PFCL towards a retinotomy can be considered as a relatively atraumatic technique to remove subfoveal retained PFCL.

DOI： 10.1186/s12886-020-01698-1

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

PURPOSE: To visualize foveal microstructures in macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment using swept source optical coherence tomography preoperatively and postoperatively and to investigate the relationship between foveal microstructures and postoperative visual acuity. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 42 eyes of 42 consecutive patients diagnosed with macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment who underwent anatomically successful repair surgery and were followed up for 6 months. We used swept source optical coherence tomography to investigate the relationship between preoperative and postoperative continuity of both the external limiting membrane (ELM) and ellipsoid zone (Ez) and preoperative and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity. RESULTS: Both preoperative ELM and Ez were continuous in 9 eyes (21%; ELM+/Ez+ eyes), only the ELM was continuous in 25 eyes (60%; ELM+/Ez- eyes), and neither was continuous in 8 eyes (19%; ELM-/Ez- eyes). Postoperative best-corrected visual acuity in ELM+/Ez+ eyes (-0.05 ± 0.04 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution units, Snellen equivalent 20/18) was significantly better than that in both ELM+/Ez- (0.16 ± 0.16, 20/29; P = 0.03) and ELM-/Ez- (0.86 ± 0.37, 20/145; P < 0.001) eyes. Postoperative best-corrected visual acuity was significantly better in ELM+/Ez- than in ELM-/Ez- eyes (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: In macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, preoperative continuity of the ELM and Ez may be a predictor of postoperative best-corrected visual acuity.

DOI： 10.1097/IAE.0000000000002687

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

PURPOSE: To evaluate the relationship between retinal traction caused by epiretinal membrane and visual functions. METHODS: In this institutional study, en face swept-source optical coherence tomography images of 141 eyes of 130 patients with epiretinal membrane were analyzed to investigate maximum depth of retinal folds, which represents retinal traction strength and the distribution pattern of retinal folds. We investigated the relationships between the maximum depth and distribution pattern of retinal folds and visual functions as well as the effects of membrane peeling. RESULTS: Maximum retinal fold depth was significantly correlated with the metamorphopsia score (P < 0.001). Fifteen eyes showed retinal folds radially extending from the macular epiretinal membrane (radiating folds group), whereas 126 eyes showed a multidirectional pattern of retinal folds (multidirectional folds group). The radiating folds group showed a significantly lower metamorphopsia score (P = 0.014). Multiple regression analysis revealed that the metamorphopsia score was significantly related to maximum retinal fold depth (P = 0.003), distribution pattern (P = 0.015), and central retinal thickness (P < 0.001). One month after membrane peeling, parafoveal retinal folds resolved completely in all cases, and both visual acuity (P < 0.001) and average metamorphopsia score (P = 0.036) were significantly improved. CONCLUSION: Both the strength and the distribution pattern of retinal traction are significantly related to metamorphopsia in epiretinal membrane patients.

DOI： 10.1097/IAE.0000000000002569

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical course of submacular hemorrhage associated with ruptured retinal arterial macroaneurysm using swept-source optical coherence tomography. METHODS: This study included 23 eyes of 23 consecutive patients diagnosed with submacular hemorrhage associated with ruptured retinal arterial macroaneurysm. Cases underwent displacement of submacular hemorrhage (vitrectomy + subretinal injection of tissue plasminogen activator + air tamponade) and were followed up for 6 months after surgery. Localization of the preoperative hemorrhage and its effect on preoperative and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity, central retinal thickness, and continuity of the ellipsoid zone were measured. RESULTS: Macular intraretinal hemorrhage (IRH) was observed in 17 eyes (73.9%, IRH [+] group) and was not observed in 6 eyes (26.1%, IRH [-] group). The IRH (+) group showed worse postoperative best-corrected visual acuity values compared with the IRH (-) group (0.89 ± 0.47 in logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution units, Snellen equivalent 20/155 and 0.16 ± 0.23, 20/29, respectively; P < 0.01), smaller central retinal thickness values (97.7 ± 53.5 μm, 173.0 ± 32.3 μm, respectively; P < 0.01), and a higher rate of ellipsoid zone disruption (100%, 33.3%, respectively; P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Patients with preoperative macular IRH showed lower postoperative visual acuity and worse macular contour after submacular hemorrhage displacement compared with patients without macular IRH.

DOI： 10.1097/IAE.0000000000002460

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

PURPOSE: To determine the presence or absence of interocular differences in the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area in healthy eyes. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: We examined 236 healthy eyes of 118 consecutive subjects (mean age, 39.1 ± 18.9 years). We used swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images of the FAZ to measure its area from both the superficial capillary plexus (SCP-FAZ) and the whole retinal capillary plexus (WCP-FAZ). We also investigated the relationship between interocular differences in SCP-FAZ and other factors such as: axial length, spherical equivalent, central retinal thickness, and retinal vascular density. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the FAZ area between the right and left eyes in either the SCP-FAZ (P = 0.61) or WCP-FAZ (P = 0.80), and the FAZ areas of both eyes showed significant positive correlations (SCP-FAZ; P < 0.001, R2 = 0.884, WCP-FAZ; P < 0.001, R2 = 0.856). Bland-Altman plots showed that the mean interocular difference in SCP-FAZ area was 0.002 ± 0.037 mm2 (95% confidence interval, -0.072-0.075 mm2), and in the WCP-FAZ area, 0.050 ± 0.044 mm2 (95% confidence interval, -0.036-0.137 mm2). Multivariate regression analysis showed that none of the investigated factors were significantly associated with interocular differences in SCP-FAZ (P = 0.61, R2 = 0.138). CONCLUSIONS: There was no significant interocular difference in SCP- and WCP-FAZ areas in healthy eyes. The normal range of values for interocular difference in SCP-FAZ area was 0.002 ± 0.037 mm2 and in the WCP-FAZ area, 0.050 ± 0.044 mm2.

DOI： 10.1007/s10384-020-00719-2

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

We investigated the effectiveness of a treat-and-extend regimen (TAE) of intravitreal ranibizumab injections for macular edema (ME) due to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). We retrospectively examined 2-year results of 32 eyes of 32 patients who underwent TAE to treat ME due to BRVO. The patients whose treatment interval extended to ≥ 12 weeks were switched to a pro re nata regimen (PRN). For the patients whose treatment interval was <12 weeks, TAE was continued. At 2 years, 10 eyes had required no additional injections after the initial treatment period [recurrence(-) group], whereas the other 22 eyes required additional treatment [recurrence(+) group]. Among the recurrence(+) patients, 11 eyes (34.4% of total) were eventually switched from TAE to PRN; the other 11 eyes (34.4%) continued TAE for 2 years. Visual acuity and central retinal thickness were significantly improved in both the recurrence(+) and (-) groups, and there was no significant betweengroup difference in visual acuity at 2 years. Univariate analyses revealed significant differences in visual acuity (p=0.004), age (p=0.014), and vessel occlusion site (p=0.018) between these groups. Our results suggest that TAE may be effective for BRVO patients with lower visual acuity, older age, and occlusion of a major vein.

DOI： 10.18926/AMO/57716

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

PURPOSE: To investigate the outcomes of embedding lamellar hole-associated epiretinal proliferation (LHEP) into retinal cleavage for the surgical treatment of degenerative lamellar macular hole (LMH). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 34 consecutive eyes of degenerative LMH patients who underwent vitrectomy with LHEP embedding and who were followed up for at least 12 months. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central retinal thickness (CRT), and macular structure preoperatively and at the final follow-up were compared. RESULTS: The mean (±SD) follow-up period was 30.0 ± 17.7 months. Twelve patients (35.3%) were men, and the mean age was 69.6 ± 10.1 years. Twenty-three eyes (67.6%) underwent simultaneous cataract surgery. BCVA was significantly improved at the final visit, from 0.31 ± 0.25 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution units to 0.10 ± 0.25 (P < 0.01). This improvement in mean BCVA at the final postoperative visit occurred regardless of whether the eyes underwent simultaneous cataract surgery, from 0.30 ± 0.26 preoperatively to 0.04 ± 0.16 (P < 0.01) in the "with cataract surgery" group and from 0.32 ± 0.26 preoperatively to 0.21 ± 0.35 (P < 0.05) in the "without cataract surgery" group. CRT was also significantly improved at the final visit, from 123.2 ± 42.6 μm preoperatively to 191.2 ± 42.6 μm (P < 0.01). External limiting membrane and ellipsoid zone defects were detected in 17 (50.0%) and 15 (44.1%) eyes, respectively, but these were resolved in 10 (58.8%) and 7 (46.7%) eyes, respectively, at the final visit. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Embedding LHEP may be an effective and safe procedure to treat degenerative LMH.

DOI： 10.1007/s00417-019-04425-9

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1097/IAE.0000000000001771

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

PURPOSE: To examine the outcomes of vitrectomy with subretinal tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) injection and postoperative intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injection for submacular hemorrhage (SMH) associated with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV). STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective, consecutive case series. METHODS: Patients who underwent vitrectomy for SMH associated with PCV and who were followed up for at least 12 months were included. Surgery consisted of vitrectomy with subretinal tPA and air tamponade. Postoperative intravitreal anti-VEGF was administered pro re nata. The following were examined: best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at baseline, at 1 month, and at the final visit; the percentage of patients requiring anti-VEGF postoperatively; and the number of injections administered. RESULTS: This study included 23 eyes of 23 patients (21 men, 2 women) with a mean age of 72.5 ± 9.0 years. The mean duration from disease onset to surgery was 9.0 ± 6.6 days. The mean maximum SMH size was 5.8 ± 4.8 disc diameters. The mean follow-up period was 33 ± 14 months. The BCVA was significantly improved when compared with baseline 1 month after surgery and at the final visit. Postoperative anti-VEGF was required for 91% of the eyes. In eyes that underwent anti-VEGF therapy until the final visit, the mean injection number was 4.1/year. CONCLUSIONS: Vitrectomy with subretinal tPA and air tamponade improved visual acuity in patients with SMH associated with PCV. Postoperative intravitreal anti-VEGF injection maintained the improved BCVA throughout a mean period of 33 months.

DOI： 10.1007/s10384-019-00679-2

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND: Coats disease is a retinal disease characterized by exudative retinal detachment due to abnormal retinal blood vessels. Coats disease is generally treated using laser photocoagulation and cryotherapy to ablate the abnormal retinal blood vessels. However, if abnormal blood vessels are present near the posterior pole of the eye and there is a severe exudative change there, it is difficult to perform these standard treatments. We describe a case of Coats disease with severe exudative retinal change and retinal vascular abnormality near the posterior pole for which we performed photodynamic therapy and successfully suppressed the disease and improved vision. CASE PRESENTATION: A 15-year-old Japanese boy presented to hospital with a chief complaint of decreased vision in his right eye. At the initial examination, corrected visual acuity of the right eye was 20/100. On the right fundus, exudative retinal detachment with subretinal haemorrhage was observed from the upper intermediate periphery to the posterior pole. Abnormal telangiectatic vessels and microaneurysms were found at the nasal peripheral retina. From these findings, we diagnosed the case as Coats disease. We conducted photodynamic therapy for the right eye. At 10 months after treatment, both the subretinal haemorrhage and the exudative retinal detachment had disappeared completely. Further, the retinal structure of the macula had recovered, and right vision had improved to 20/20. CONCLUSION: Photodynamic therapy may be an effective and safe treatment for Coats disease in cases that present with abnormal retinal vessels close to the posterior pole of the eye.

DOI： 10.1186/s12886-018-0930-z

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND: We recently reported that lamellar macular hole (LMH) with lamellar hole-associated epiretinal proliferation (LHEP) can be effectively treated by embedding the LHEP into the retinal cleavage to improve foveal contour and visual acuity. Here, we report a case of LMH with LHEP for which we performed embedding of the LHEP combined with internal limiting membrane (ILM) inversion. We then evaluated the effects of this surgery on macular morphology and visual functions. CASE PRESENTATION: A 62-year-old man presented with visual disturbance (20/29) and metamorphopsia in his right eye. B-scan optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging revealed the presence of both partial-thickness defect of the macula with degenerative retinal cleavage and LHEP at the surface of the retina. En face OCT imaging showed the absence of retinal fold. We performed phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation, vitrectomy, embedding of LHEP into the retinal cleavage, and ILM inversion. Three months after the surgery, both foveal contour and visual acuity (20/20) were improved and metamorphopsia was reduced. CONCLUSION: Embedding of the LHEP combined with ILM inversion may be an effective treatment for LMH with LHEP.

DOI： 10.1186/s12886-018-0926-8

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

We conducted intravitreal aflibercept injections (IVAs) for 37 Japanese patients (28 males, 9 females, mean age 73.4 years) with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), with a treat-and-extend regimen (TER). We evaluated the impact of polyp regression after a loading dose (2-mg IVA 1×/month for 3 months) on the patients' 2-year treatment outcomes. Thirty-seven eyes were treated with IVA by a TER for 2 years. We divided the patients into 2 groups based on their polyp status after the loading dose: polyp regression (PR+) (n=19) and no polyp regression (PR-) (n=18). We compared the groups' best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central retinal thickness (CRT), recurrence rate, total number of injections, and final treatment interval. Both the BCVA and CRT were significantly improved by the treatment in both groups, with no between-group difference in the amount of change (p=0.769). In the polyp regression (+) group, recurrence was significantly less common (p=0.03), the mean total number of injections was significantly lower (p=0.013), and the mean treatment interval was significantly longer (0.042). Regarding the 2-year outcomes for PCV, the eyes with post-loading-dose polyp regression demonstrated less frequent recurrence and required fewer numbers of injections compared to the eyes without polyp regression.

DOI： 10.18926/AMO/56175

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

PURPOSE: To investigate lamellar macular hole (LMH) and macular pseudohole (MPH) using a combination of en face and radial B-scan OCT. DESIGN: Retrospective observational case series. METHODS: Setting: Institutional study. PATIENT POPULATION: En face and radial B-scan OCT images of 63 eyes of 60 patients diagnosed with LMH or MPH based on an international classification were reviewed. OBSERVATION PROCEDURES: Cases were classified using en face images based on the presence/absence of epiretinal membrane (ERM), retinal folds, parafoveal epicenter of contractile ERM (PEC-ERM), and retinal cleavage. We compared the en face imaging-based classification system with the international classification system using radial B-scan images. We quantitatively evaluated visual function and macular morphology. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Characterization of multimodal OCT-based subtypes of LMH and MPH. RESULTS: All cases showed ERM and were classified into 4 groups. In the first group, which lacked retinal folds and showed significantly lower visual acuity than the other groups, 81% of eyes had degenerative LMH. In the second group, which lacked PEC-ERM and retinal cleavage and showed significantly lower retinal fold depth, all eyes had MPH. The third group, in which 95% of eyes had symmetric tractional LMH, included eyes with retinal cleavage but without PEC-ERM, and this group showed higher circularity of the foveal aperture and cleavage area than the group with both these features, in which all eyes had asymmetric tractional LMH. CONCLUSIONS: Multimodal OCT enables classification of LMH and MPH based on pathologic conditions. Retinal traction in particular may be useful for determining treatment methods.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ajo.2018.01.016

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

To investigate the effectiveness of a treat-and-extend regimen (TAE) of intravitreal ranibizumab injections (IVR) for macular edema (ME) due to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). We retrospectively examined 35 eyes of 35 patients with ME due to BRVO who underwent TAE for 1 year. Patients whose treatment interval extended to 12 weeks were switched to a pro re nata regimen (PRN; TAE to PRN group), while TAE was continued for patients whose treatment interval was less than 12 weeks (continued TAE group). Changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central retinal thickness (CRT), and predictive factors for inclusion in the TAE to PRN group were analyzed. BCVA and CRT both improved significantly at 1 year compared with baseline (p<0.001). Sixteen eyes (45.7%) were included in the TAE to PRN group, while 19 eyes (54.3%) were included in the continued TAE group. BCVA in the TAE to PRN group was significantly better than that in the continued TAE group at 1 year (p=0.047). BCVA at baseline and macular BRVO were significant predictive factors for inclusion in the TAE to PRN group. TAE was effective for improving BCVA and CRT. The TAE to PRN group showed significantly better prognosis.

DOI： 10.18926/AMO/55661

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

PURPOSE: To investigate the influence of subretinal injection pressure on the microstructure of the retina in a monkey model. METHODS: After vitrectomy, balanced salt solution was injected subretinally into one eye each of four cynomolgus monkeys while controlling the injection pressure. Initially, a pressure of 2 psi was used, and this was gradually increased to determine the minimum required pressure. Subsequent injections were performed at two pressures: minimum (n = 13) and high (n = 6). To compare the influence of these injection pressures on retinal structure, optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed before surgery and every week afterwards. The monkeys were euthanized and their eyes were enucleated at 1 or 6 weeks after the injections. The eyes were processed for light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) as well as for TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling. RESULTS: The minimum pressure required to perform subretinal injection was 6 psi. After injection at this pressure, both OCT and microscopy showed that the retinal structure was well-preserved throughout the experimental period at all injection sites. Conversely, after injection at high pressure (20 psi) OCT images at all injection sites showed disruption of the ellipsoid zone (EZ) after 1 week. Microscopy indicated damage to the photoreceptor outer segment (OS) and stratification of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). After 6 weeks, OCT demonstrated that the EZ had become continuous and TEM confirmed that the OS and RPE had recovered. Photoreceptor apoptosis was absent after subretinal injection at both pressures. CONCLUSIONS: The retinal damage caused by subretinal injection increases depending on pressure, indicating that clinicians should perform subretinal injection at pressures as low as possible to ensure safety.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0209996

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記述言語：英語  

Internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling is an important maneuver in vitrectomy for macular holes (MHs). A nitinol loop is a surgical instrument designed to create an edge on the ILM and peel the ILM safely and consistently. The effect of using a nitinol loop for ILM peeling on the retina is not clear. We report here on a case of an idiopathic full-thickness MH in an adult woman, in whom retinal damage was revealed after her ILM was peeled using a nitinol loop.

DOI： 10.18926/AMO/55592

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

PURPOSE: To investigate the effectiveness of displacement of submacular hemorrhage (SMH) caused by polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) by assessing retinal sensitivity using microperimetry. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 11 consecutive PCV patients with SMH. All patients underwent vitrectomy, subretinal injection of tissue plasminogen activator, and fluid-air exchange, followed by antivascular endothelial growth factor therapy using a pro re nata regimen. The retinal sensitivity was measured by use of microperimetry before and after surgery. RESULTS: The mean (SD) age of the patients was 74.1 ± 9.4 years. The mean SMH diameter was 6.8 ± 5.2 disc diameters. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), mean retinal sensitivity, and mean number of measure points with a sensitivity ≥10 dB before the surgery were 0.94 ± 0.49, 4.2 ± 4.5 dB, and 15.6 ± 15.1 points, respectively. These had significantly improved 6 months after surgery (0.39 ± 0.37, 15.6 ± 7.3 dB, and 50.9 ± 22.2 points, respectively; P < 0.05 for all outcome measures). The mean number of measure points with an absolute scotoma before surgery had decreased significantly 6 months after surgery (from 40.5 ± 15.0 to 9.4 ± 16.0 points; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Displacement of SMH effectively improves retinal sensitivity as well as BCVA.

DOI： 10.1007/s10384-017-0530-0

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記述言語：日本語  

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記述言語：英語  

Parafoveal retinal holes (PRHs) are one of the complications that can occur after internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling during macular surgery. Here we describe a patient in whom an exceptionally large PRH (1,069-μm dia.) was successfully closed by repeated autologous ILM transplantation.

DOI： 10.18926/AMO/55209

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

PURPOSE: To evaluate the 1-year treatment outcomes of intravitreal aflibercept injections (IVA) using a treat-and-extend regimen for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV). METHODS: Thirty-seven eyes with treatment-naive PCV treated with IVA using a treat-and-extend regimen for 1 year were reviewed retrospectively. The main outcome measures were changes in the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness (CRT), and the treatment interval at 1 year. The predictive factors for patients who could not continue to extend the treatment interval because of poor response to IVA or recurrence were analyzed. RESULTS: The mean logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution BCVA improved from 0.37 at baseline to 0.21 at 1 year (P < 0.001). The mean CRT decreased from 342.3 μm at baseline to 196.6 μm at 1 year (P < 0.001). The mean treatment interval was 9.7 weeks at 1 year (4 weeks in 11 eyes [29.7%], 6 weeks in 1 eye [2.7%], 8 weeks in 2 eyes [5.4%], 10 weeks in 1 eye [2.7%], and 12 weeks in 22 eyes [59.5%]). A larger number of polypoidal lesions at baseline was predictive for patients who could not continue to extend the treatment interval. CONCLUSIONS: IVA using a treat-and-extend regimen is effective for improving BCVA and CRT in eyes with PCV.

DOI： 10.1007/s10384-016-0492-7

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

OBJECTIVE: To examine factors affecting foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area in healthy eyes using swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). METHODS: This prospective, cross-sectional study included 144 eyes of 144 individuals (77 women, 67 men) with a best corrected visual acuity of at least 20/20 and no history of ocular disorders. The area of the superficial FAZ was assessed using OCTA. Age, gender, central retinal thickness (CRT), retinal vascular density, refractive error, and axial length were examined to determine associations with FAZ area. RESULTS: The mean age of the subjects was 42.1 ± 20.2 years (range: 10-79 years). The mean FAZ area was 0.32 ± 0.11 mm2, while the mean retinal vascular density was 35.53 ± 0.92%. Multivariate regression analysis was performed using FAZ area as the dependent variable and age, gender, CRT, retinal vascular density, refractive error, and axial length as independent variables. The results of this analysis demonstrate that CRT and retinal vascular density were significantly associated with FAZ area in our sample (P < 0.001, R2 = 0.425). Age, gender, refractive error, and axial length were not significantly correlated with FAZ area, while CRT and retinal vascular density were negatively correlated with FAZ area (CRT: P < 0.001, R2 = 0.356; retinal vascular density: P < 0.001, R2 = 0.189). CONCLUSIONS: OCTA results suggest that CRT and retinal vascular density negatively affect FAZ area in healthy eyes.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0188572

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担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

PURPOSE: To investigate the tilt and decentration of the crystalline lens and the intraocular lens (IOL) relative to the corneal topographic axis using anterior segment ocular coherence tomography (AS-OCT). METHODS: A sample set of 100 eyes from 49 subjects (41 eyes with crystalline lenses and 59 eyes with IOLs) were imaged using second generation AS-OCT (CASIA2, TOMEY) in June and July 2016 at Okayama University. Both mydriatic and non-mydriatic images were obtained, and the tilt and decentration of the crystalline lens and the IOL were quantified. The effects of pupil dilation on measurements were also assessed. RESULTS: The crystalline lens showed an average tilt of 5.15° towards the inferotemporal direction relative to the corneal topographic axis under non-mydriatic conditions and 5.25° under mydriatic conditions. Additionally, an average decentration of 0.11 mm towards the temporal direction was observed under non-mydriatic conditions and 0.08 mm under mydriatic conditions. The average tilt for the IOL was 4.31° towards the inferotemporal direction relative to the corneal topographic axis under non-mydriatic conditions and 4.65° in the same direction under mydriatic conditions. The average decentration was 0.05 mm towards the temporal direction under non-mydriatic conditions and 0.08 mm in the same direction under mydriatic conditions. A strong correlation was found between the average tilt and decentration values of the crystalline lens and the IOL under both non-mydriatic and mydriatic conditions (all Spearman correlation coefficients, r ≥ 0.800; all P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: When measured using second generation AS-OCT, both the crystalline lens and the IOL showed an average tilt of 4-6° toward the inferotemporal direction relative to the corneal topographic axis and an average decentration of less than 0.12 mm towards the temporal direction. These results were not influenced by pupil dilation and they showed good repeatability.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0184066

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

PURPOSE: To quantify the vascular density of the choroid of normal eyes and to identify the influencing factors using en face images obtained with swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS OCT). DESIGN: Prospective cross-sectional study. METHODS: One hundred and sixty-three eyes of 163 healthy volunteers (83 female; mean age 42.2 ± 22.6 years) with a corrected visual acuity of ≥1.0 were investigated. En face SS OCT images of the choroid were used for quantitative assessment of the vascular density in the large choroid vessel layer. Relationships between vascular density of the choroid and age, sex, refractive error (RE), axial length (AL), and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SCT) were also investigated. RESULTS: There was a significant negative relationship between vascular density of the choroid and subject age (P < .001). Analysis according to age showed a significant correlation in the group aged >30 years (P < .001), but not in the group aged ≤30 years (P = .225). SCT had a significant positive relationship with vascular density of the choroid (P < .001). However, a significant correlation was not observed between sex, RE, or AL and vascular density of the choroid (P = .981, P = .292, and P = .216, respectively). Multivariable regression analysis with vascular density of the choroid as the dependent variable and age, sex, RE, AL, and SCT as independent variables showed that age and SCT are important determinants of vascular density of the choroid (P < .001). CONCLUSION: Age and SCT affect vascular density of the choroid.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ajo.2016.07.006

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

PURPOSE: We assessed the efficacy of vitrectomy and inner limiting membrane (ILM) peeling, followed by anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy, anti-VEGF-resistant age-related macular degeneration (AMD) due to vitreomacular traction (VMT) or epiretinal membrane (ERM). METHODS: We identified six patients with anti-VEGF-resistant AMD due to VMT or ERM amongst a total of 588 patients with AMD (821 eyes) referred to Okayama University Hospital between February 2012 and May 2014. These patients underwent vitrectomy to release the VMT (4 cases) or remove the ERM (2 cases), along with ILM peeling. The regimen used for intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF reagents after surgery was based on the severity of exudative changes in each patient. Preoperative and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness (CRT) measurements were compared. RESULTS: After vitrectomy and ILM peeling, all six patients responded to anti-VEGF therapy, which was then able to maintain dry retinas. Mean BCVA did not improve significantly (0.49 ± 0.28 before vs. 0.43 ± 0.38 after surgery, P = 0.538). However, mean CR was significantly decreased after surgery, from 423 ± 83.5 μm to 257 ± 75.8 μm (P = 0.0078). CONCLUSIONS: Vitrectomy and ILM peeling followed by anti-VEGF therapy may be a useful therapeutic option for anti-VEGF-resistant AMD with VMT or ERM.

DOI： 10.1007/s00417-016-3314-1

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

PURPOSE: To describe the clinical features of idiopathic foveomacular retinoschisis not in association with myopia, glaucoma, optic disk pit, or juvenile retinoschisis. METHODS: Retrospective observational case series. Five eyes of five patients with idiopathic foveomacular retinoschisis were included. RESULTS: The patients were 2 men and 3 women (average age, 75.2 years; range, 71-78 years). The average spherical equivalent was +2.40 diopters (range, +0.88 to +5.75 diopters), and the average axial length was 22.0 mm (range, 21.1-23.1 mm). All patients had retinoschisis from the macula to the optic disk in the affected eye. No patients had retinoschisis in the fellow eye. The average best-corrected visual acuity was 20/44 (68 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letter score). CONCLUSION: Idiopathic foveomacular retinoschisis is not inherited or associated with myopia, vitreomacular traction syndrome, optic pit, or glaucoma but is associated with older age, unilaterality, hyperopia with short axial length, complete posterior vitreous detachment, and weak leakage from the optic disk on fluorescein angiography.

DOI： 10.1097/IAE.0000000000000938

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1097/IAE.0000000000001029

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the occurrence ratio, localization, and surgical outcomes of intraretinal cystic spaces in idiopathic epiretinal membranes (ERMs). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 432 eyes of 398 consecutive patients with idiopathic ERM who underwent vitrectomy and ERM peeling from January 2012 to September 2015. We selected cases with intraretinal cystic space prior to surgery, detected by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. We then evaluated the effects of ERM peeling on intraretinal cystic spaces, best corrected visual acuity, and central retinal thickness at 6 months after surgery. RESULTS: Twenty-four eyes (5.5%) showed intraretinal cystic spaces before surgery, present in the inner retinal layer (the inner group) in 9 eyes, in the outer retinal layer (the outer group) in 6 eyes, and in both the inner and the outer retinal layers (the combined group) in 9 eyes. Additionally, 30 eyes with ERM but without any presence of intraretinal cystic space were selected randomly and classified as the no cyst group. At 6 months after surgery, the disappearance rate of cystic spaces was significantly greater for the outer group than for the inner group (83.3% and 11.1%, respectively, P = 0.011). The mean best corrected visual acuity improved significantly after surgery in the inner group, the outer group, and the no cyst group (P < 0.05 for all three groups) but did not improve in the combined group (P = 0.58). The mean central retinal thickness decreased significantly after surgery in the inner group, the combined group, and the no cyst group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Intraretinal cystic spaces were observed in 5.5% of preoperative idiopathic ERM cases. Following surgery, the cystic spaces in the outer retinal layer disappeared at higher rates than those in the inner retinal layer, suggesting that the pathophysiologies of these cystic spaces are different.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0168555

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy and safety of photodynamic therapy using reduced irradiation time or reduced verteporfin dose for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy. METHODS: Between April 2011 and December 2013, 45 eyes with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (43 consecutive patients) were treated with photodynamic therapy, using either half the irradiation time (18 eyes) or half the verteporfin dose (27 eyes). Outcome measures at follow-up, over at least 3 months, were complete resolution of serous retinal detachment, best-corrected visual acuity, and central retinal thickness. RESULTS: After 3 months, serous retinal detachment had completely resolved in 88.8% of eyes in both treatment groups, which were therefore not significantly different. The logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution best-corrected visual acuity (Snellen equivalent) improved from 0.245 (20/35) to 0.130 (20/27) (P < 0.05, paired t-test) in the reduced time group and from 0.283 (20/38) to 0.138 (20/27) (P < 0.05) in the reduced verteporfin group. Final best-corrected visual acuities in the 2 groups were not significantly different. Central retinal thicknesses dropped from 337.0 μm to 146.6 μm (P < 0.05) in the reduced time group and from 343.5 μm to 166.9 μm (P < 0.05) in the reduced verteporfin group. No ocular or systemic side effects were observed. CONCLUSION: Reduced irradiation time and reduced verteporfin dose were equally effective and safe in photodynamic therapy for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy.

DOI： 10.1097/IAE.0000000000000621

PubMed

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

PURPOSE: To evaluate the surgical outcomes of small-gauge vitrectomy with subretinal injection of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) for a submacular hemorrhage caused by a ruptured retinal arterial macroaneurysm (RAM). METHODS: Non-comparative, consecutive case-series performed at two ophthalmological institutions. We examined 22 eyes of 22 patients with a submacular hemorrhage associated with a RAM but without a preretinal or sub-internal limiting membrane hemorrhage at the fovea. During 25-gauge vitrectomy, approximately 4000-8000 IU of rt-PA was injected subretinally, followed by the injection of air or 10 % sulfur hexafluoride as a tamponade. The patients maintained an upright position for 1 hour, then turned to a facedown position for 1 to 3 days. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and postoperative complications were evaluated. RESULTS: The average interval from the onset of symptoms to surgery was 8.4 ± 7.6 days, and the average size of the subretinal hemorrhage was 3.4 ± 1.0 disc diameters. The submacular hemorrhage was displaced from the foveal area in all eyes after 1 week. The mean baseline BCVA was 1.41 ± 0.41 logMAR units, and it improved to 0.91 ± 0.43 at 1 month and to 0.64 ± 0.45 at the final visit (P = 0.0001, P < 0.0001 respectively). A macular hole was detected intraoperatively in two eyes and postoperatively in two eyes, and both were closed by internal limiting membrane peeling or a second vitrectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Small-gauge vitrectomy with subretinal rt-PA injection and gas tamponade were effective in displacing a submacular hemorrhage associated with a RAM.

DOI： 10.1007/s00417-014-2861-6

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

PURPOSE: To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of a novel surgical procedure for diffuse diabetic macular edema (DME), performed in conjunction with conventional vitrectomy. METHODS: This prospective, interventional case series involved 20 eyes of 18 consecutive DME patients with best-corrected visual acuities (BCVAs) between 0.301 and 1.221 logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution (logMAR) units and central retinal thicknesses (CRTs) greater than 275 μm. After vitrectomy, a small retinal detachment was made in the macula by injecting 50-100 μl balanced salt solution into the subretinal space using a 38-gauge needle. Before finishing the surgery, fluid-air exchange was performed. Patients were asked to remain in prone position for 1 day postoperatively. The main outcome measures were CRT and BCVA. RESULTS: The mean CRT of 554.6 ± 152.7 μm before surgery significantly decreased to 295.6 ± 92.5 μm (p < 0.0001) 1 week after surgery and to 185.8 ± 67.4 μm (p < 0.0001) at 6 months after surgery. The CRT was less than 250 μm in 18 eyes (90 %) at 6 months after surgery. The mean BCVA before surgery (0.706 ± 0.348) significantly improved at 6 months after surgery (0.431 ± 0.392, p < 0.0001). Postoperative BCVAs improved by more than 0.3 logMAR units in 13 eyes (65 %), remained unchanged in six eyes (30 %) and worsened in one eye (5 %). Macular edema recurred in three eyes (15 %) 2 months after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: This novel planned foveal detachment technique facilitated a rapid resolution of DME and contributed to improved visual acuity.

DOI： 10.1007/s10384-015-0390-4

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND: The natural course of submacular hemorrhage resulting from traumatic choroidal rupture generally has a poor outcome unless treated. The intravitreal injection of gas only or gas with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) has been reported to be effective, but has also been reported to induce severe complications such as retinal detachment and vitreous hemorrhage. Recently, we reported a safe and effective procedure for treating submacular hemorrhage due to polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) with a low dose of rt-PA. Here we report the application of this procedure to a case of traumatic submacular hemorrhage in a 13-year-old boy, which achieved a good visual outcome. CASE PRESENTATION: A 13-year-old Japanese boy presented with a thick submacular hemorrhage in his left eye as a result of blunt trauma from being hit by a sinker. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was assessed as only able to perceive hand motions. We carried out a vitrectomy, subretinal injection of 4,000 IU rt-PA (6.9 μg) and air tamponade. The day after surgery, most of the submacular hemorrhage had moved to the inferior periphery. One month after the surgery, we observed cataract formation, thin remnants of the submacular hemorrhage and juxtafoveal choroidal rupture. We carried out cataract surgery and injected bevacizumab intravitreally to prevent the development of choroidal neovascularization. Two months after the second surgery, the submacular hemorrhage had totally disappeared and the patient had a BCVA of 20/40. CONCLUSION: Vitrectomy, subretinal injection of rt-PA, and intravitreal air tamponade may be a promising strategy for treating traumatic submacular hemorrhage in young patients.

DOI： 10.1186/s12886-015-0090-3

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND: This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic effect of intravitreal aflibercept injection for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV). METHODS: Eighteen eyes of 17 consecutive patients with PCV received three consecutive monthly intravitreal injections of aflibercept and one additional injection 2 months later (four injections totally). All patients underwent eye examinations, which included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, and optical coherence tomography. The primary endpoint of the study was the regression of polypoidal lesions. The secondary endpoints were BCVA, central retinal thickness (CRT) and changes in retinal exudation. RESULTS: Six months after the first aflibercept injection, the polypoidal lesions were completely resolved in 14 eyes (77.7%) and partially resolved in 4 eyes (22.2%). Although branching choroidal vascular networks were still present in all eyes, retinal exudative changes had completely resolved in 17 eyes (94.4%), and the mean CRT decreased significantly from 407.2±100.1 µm to 229.1±57.2 µm (p<0.0001). BCVA (logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution, logMAR) improved significantly from 0.414±0.384 at baseline to 0.297±0.334 after 6 months (p=0.016). CONCLUSIONS: At 6 months, aflibercept monotherapy effectively reduced polyps, retinal exudation and CRT in patients with PCV.

DOI： 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2014-305275

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND: Macular holes (MHs) are one of the complications of posterior uveitis that can significantly disturb vision. Conventional MH surgery (vitrectomy, internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling, and gas tamponade) has been reported to show lower closure rates in patients with MHs secondary to uveitis than in patients with idiopathic MHs. Recently, the inverted ILM flap technique has been reported to be effective for treating refractory MHs. Here, we describe the application of this technique in a patient with a large MH secondary to uveitis, and its successful closure. CASE PRESENTATION: An 80-year-old woman presented with a chronic, large MH secondary to uveitis. The minimum aperture diameter of the MH was 569 μm and extensive post-inflammatory chorioretinal atrophy was present, which included the juxtafoveal region. Vitrectomy with the inverted ILM flap technique assisted by low molecular weight hyaluronic acid was performed. Three days after surgery, the MH was closed successfully, without excessive gliosis. CONCLUSION: The inverted ILM flap technique may be the preferred surgical procedure for the treatment of large MHs secondary to uveitis.

DOI： 10.1186/s12886-015-0072-5

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

PURPOSE: To evaluate vitrectomy with subretinal tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) injection, and air tamponade, followed by intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy for submacular hemorrhage in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV). DESIGN: Prospective, interventional case series. METHODS: setting: Two clinics. PATIENTS: Fifteen eyes of 15 consecutive patients (mean age 72 ± 7 years) with submacular hemorrhage attributable to PCV. INCLUSION CRITERIA: PCV diagnosis with unorganized submacular hemorrhage greater than 500 μm thick. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Submacular hemorrhage attributable to macular diseases (eg, high myopia, typical age-related macular degeneration, retinal angiomatous proliferation, and angioid streaks). INTERVENTION: Vitrectomy with 4000 IU t-PA injected subretinally and fluid/air exchange. Patients remained facedown for 3 days after surgery. Anti-VEGF drugs were administered as exudative changes required. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Submacular hemorrhage displacement from the macula and changes in best-corrected visual acuities (BCVAs). RESULTS: Mean time from onset to surgery was 9.5 ± 4.5 (range, 5-21) days. Mean follow-up period was 9.4 ± 3.1 (range, 6-17) months. Surgery successfully displaced submacular hemorrhages from the macula in all eyes. Mean BCVA at baseline (0.98 ± 0.44) had improved significantly both 1 month after surgery (0.41 ± 0.25, P < .01) and at final visits (0.23 ± 0.25, P < .001). In all eyes, exudative retinal changes relapsed after surgery but were completely resolved by anti-VEGF injections. No complications occurred in any patients. CONCLUSION: Treating submacular hemorrhage with vitrectomy and subretinal t-PA injection, followed by intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy, is a promising strategy for improving visual acuity in PCV patients warranting further investigation.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ajo.2014.12.020

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

We report a case of POEMS syndrome in a 20-year-old patient diagnosed after visiting an eye clinic with a chief complaint of reduced visual acuity. A male university student aged 20 years was referred to our department complaining of blurred vision in both eyes that had persisted for 1 month. He also noted headache, nausea, and paresthesia in the lower extremities around the same time. The visual acuity of his right and left eye was 20/40 and 20/20, respectively. Optic disc edema and serous retinal detachment were present. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed no intracranial abnormalities, while elevated cerebrospinal fluid pressure, reduced nerve conduction velocity in both lower extremities, hepatosplenomegaly, M proteinemia, high blood VEGF levels, osteoblastic and osteolytic changes in the spine, and atypical plasma cells in bone lesions were noted. From the above findings, the patient was diagnosed with POEMS syndrome. He received high-dose dexamethasone, thalidomide, and radiotherapy on the sacral mass, followed by high-dose melphalan with autologous stem-cell support, and showed subsequent systemic and ophthalmologic improvement. Here, we report the youngest case ever of POEMS syndrome with ocular manifestation. If patients have optic disc edema in both eyes with no intracranial space-occupying lesion, POEMS syndrome should be considered in differential diagnosis, regardless of age.

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

PURPOSE: To determine the effectiveness of autologous transplantation of the internal limiting membrane (ILM) for refractory macular holes. DESIGN: Prospective, interventional case series. PATIENT AND METHODS: Ten eyes of 10 consecutive patients who underwent autologous transplantation of the ILM for the treatment of refractory macular holes were studied. The primary diseases in these patients were large idiopathic macular holes that had existed for more than 1 year (4 eyes), a traumatic macular hole (1 eye), myopic foveoschisis (2 eyes), foveoschisis resulting from pit-macular syndrome (2 eyes), and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (1 eye). Apart from the 5 eyes with idiopathic or traumatic macular holes, macular holes developed in the other 5 eyes after initial vitrectomies with ILM removal. In all eyes, regular macular hole surgery failed to achieve closure. The main outcome measures used in this study were macular hole closure and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). RESULTS: Macular holes were closed successfully in 9 eyes (90%) after autologous transplantation of the ILM. The postoperative BCVAs were significantly better than the preoperative BCVAs (P = .007, paired t test). Postoperative BCVAs improved by more than 0.2 logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution units in 8 eyes (80%) and were unchanged in 2 eyes (20%). CONCLUSIONS: Although this is a pilot study, the results suggest that autologous transplantation of the ILM may contribute to improved anatomic and visual outcomes in the treatment of refractory macular holes and may warrant further investigation.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ajo.2013.12.028

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：眼科臨床紀要会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：姫路赤十字病院図書学術委員会  

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：姫路赤十字病院図書学術委員会  

症例は20歳男性で、視力低下、歪視で近医にpit-macular syndromeを疑われ紹介受診した。視力は右0.1(矯正不能)、左1.5、眼圧は右20mmHg、左17mmHg、右眼視神経乳頭下方に視神経乳頭小窩(pit)を認め、同部から黄斑部にかけて網膜浮腫、網膜分離を認めた。光干渉断層計(OCT)では黄斑部から視神経乳頭部にかけて網膜浮腫と網膜下液を認め、フルオレセイン蛍光眼底造影検査ではpit部は早期に低蛍光、後期に過蛍光、インドシアニングリーン蛍光眼底造影検査ではpit部は早期・後期とも低蛍光であった。発症後1.5ヵ月の経過観察で変化を認めず、入院の上右眼硝子体切除術+内境界膜剥離+空気タンポナーデを行った。術後経過は良好で退院した。外来での経過観察では、徐々に黄斑浮腫、網膜下液の軽減を認め、術後3ヵ月に網膜下液の消失、網膜浮腫の有意な軽減を認め、自覚症状の改善と視力0.3までの改善を認めた。

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：姫路赤十字病院図書学術委員会  

36歳男。患者は汎血球減少の精査加療目的で内科に入院した当日から、両眼視力の低下が自覚された。初診時、視力は右眼0.09、左眼0.01で、眼底後極部に2〜3乳頭径大の網膜前出血が認められた。白血病網膜症と診断され、経過観察を続けていたが、両眼の網膜前出血の自然吸収傾向は見られなかった。そこで、治療において全身状態が不良で硝子体手術の施行は難しい状況であったことから、発症から10日目に黄斑膜前出血に対しNd-YAGレーザーによる内境界膜切開術が選択された。その結果、黄斑部から遠い出血部分の下方で後部硝子体膜を穿孔したところ、網膜前出血はレーザー照射直後から速やかに硝子体腔内に拡散した。そして、術翌日には矯正視力は右眼1.2、左眼0.5にまで改善した。以上、本症例のように全身状態が不良な症例にとって、Nd-YAGレーザーによる内境界膜切開術は低侵襲であるため、極めて有効な治療法であると確認された。

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：姫路赤十字病院図書学術委員会  

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

PURPOSE: This prospective, randomized, double-masked, crossover trial was conducted to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of progressive addition lenses (PALs) compared with single-vision lenses (SVLs) on myopia progression in Japanese children. METHODS: Ninety-two children fulfilling the inclusion criteria (age: 6-12 years, spherical equivalent refractive errors: -1.25 to -6.00 D) were randomly allocated to either 18 months of wearing PALs (near addition: +1.50 D) followed by 18 months of SVLs (group 1), or 18 months of wearing SVLs followed by 18 months of wearing PALs (group 2), and were followed up for 3 years (two-stage crossover design). The primary outcome measure was myopia progression, as determined by cycloplegic autorefraction. RESULTS: Eighty-six (93%) children completed both treatment periods. A mixed-model, two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) performed using 3-year data identified a significant treatment effect of PALs compared with SVLs (P = 0.0007), with a mean 18-month difference of 0.17 D (95% CI: 0.07-0.26 D). This analysis also indicated a significant period effect (P = 0.0040) and a significant treatment-by-period interaction (P = 0.0223): Group 1 showed a slower myopia progression than did group 2. CONCLUSIONS: The use of PALs slowed myopia progression, although the treatment effect was small, as previously reported in ethnically diverse children in the United States. The significant treatment-by-period interaction suggests that early application of PALs would probably be more beneficial for these age and refraction ranges (isrctn.org number, 28611140).

DOI： 10.1167/iovs.07-0385

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：眼科臨床紀要会  

背景:全身性エリテマトーデスやネフローゼ症候群等、様々な基礎疾患や誘因を有する多発性後極部網膜色素上皮症が報告されている。今回我々は、長期間ステロイドを投与されている全身性エリテマトーデス患者に生じた、両眼の多発性後極部網膜色素上皮症を経験した。症例:45歳女性。27年前に全身性エリテマトーデスと診断され、ステロイド内服にて加療されていた。両眼に網膜色素上皮剥離と漿液性網膜剥離を認め、時間的・空間的に多発したため適宜網膜光凝固術を施行したが、増悪寛解を繰り返した。そこで内科主治医の協力のもと可能な限りのステロイド減量を行ったところ、プレドニン換算2.5mg/日というわずかな減量であったにもかかわらず、その後の再発を抑えられ良好な視力を維持することができた。結論:長期間ステロイド投与を行われている多発性後極部網膜色素上皮症患者では、わずかなステロイド減量でも奏効することがあると考えられた。(著者抄録)

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

PURPOSE: Lags of accommodation in ametropic children are often evaluated through spectacle lenses (over-refraction). This study investigated the validity of over-refraction when using an autorefractor. METHODS: Using an autorefractor (Shin-Nippon SRW-500/Grand-Seiko WV-500), refractive readings were obtained in 25 cyclopleged eyes (mean +/- S.D. refraction: -3.44 +/- 3.56 D, range: from -10.56 to +0.25 D) while placing spherical lenses of different power (from -5.00 to +5.00 D) in front of the eye at a vertex distance of 12 mm. Based on the refractive readings with and without the lens, and the lens power, measurement errors were estimated. Similarly, the measurement errors were estimated also in model eyes of -10.00, -4.75, 0.00 and +10.00 D. The results were compared with ray-tracing simulations based on the internal specifications of the autorefractor. RESULTS: Measurement errors were found unless the power of the spectacle lens was equal to the refractive error of the eye. When the spectacle lens power was greater (less myopic or more hyperopic) than the refraction of the eye, the measurement error was negative in sign and greater than -0.3 D. It follows that, when an accommodative response is measured in myopic subjects, the refractive reading usually becomes more myopic than the refraction of the eye including the accommodative response; hence, the accommodative response is overestimated, and the lag of accommodation is underestimated. CONCLUSIONS: The autorefraction through spectacle lenses involved systematic measurement errors. The extent of the errors is usually small but needs to be taken into account in a comparative study of accommodative responses among different refractive groups.

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER TOKYO  

Purpose: To evaluate the cycloplegic effect of mixed eye drops containing 0.5% tropicamide and 0.5% phenylephrine in myopic children, and to determine whether their efficacy was associated with their clinical characteristics.
Methods: Eighty-one myopic children (age, mean +/- SD, 11.0 +/- 1.5 years; mean spherical equivalent refractive error, -4.27 +/- 1.41 D; range, -1.57 to -8.66 D) were recruited. One drop of Mydrin-P was administered to each eye twice, with an interval of 5 min between. Twenty-five minutes after the second drop, accommodative responses were measured with an open-view autorefractometer, while the subject was encouraged to accommodate by binocularly looking at a Maltese cross located at a distance of 33 cm. The difference between the refractive reading and that obtained with a Maltese cross at 500 cm was regarded as residual accommodation (RA). The repeatability of this measurement was also evaluated.
Results: The mean RA was 0.21 +/- 0.29 D (range, -0.31 to 0.99 D). There was no association in RA between the right and left eyes, between RA and age, or between RA and sex, but RA was weakly correlated with refractive error (r = 0.274, P = 0.019). The intersubject difference found in RA can be explained mostly by the extent of repeatability (+/- 0.71 D).
Conclusion: The insignificant magnitude of RA indicated that the mixed eye drop is an acceptable and useful cycloplegic agent in Japanese schoolchildren with a wide range of myopic refractive errors.

DOI： 10.1007/s10384-006-0400-7

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その他リンク： http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7574-1749

担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER TOKYO  

Purpose: To evaluate the test-retest repeatability of axial length (AL) measurements made with the IOLMaster in children with a wide range of myopic refractive errors, and to clarify the relationship between the AL and other refractive components.
Methods: The subjects were 95 children (mean age +/- SD, 10.8 +/- 1.3 years; range, 7-13 years; mean refractive error; -4.37 +/- 1.43 D; range, -1.50 to -8.19 D) who participated in a myopia-control trial. The AL of the right eye was measured three times using an IOLMaster, and the mean value was regarded as the representative measurement. After 5 min, the measurement was performed again, and the repeatability was evaluated by analyzing the distribution of differences between the two measurements. The relationships between the AL and age, cycloplegic autorefraction (RE), and corneal radius of curvature (CR) were also examined.
Results: The repeatability of the IOLMaster measurements was +/- 0.05 mm (corresponding to a refractive error of +/- 0.12 D) and was not affected by age or RE. AL was negatively correlated with RE (RE = -0.68 x AL + 12.74, r = -0.37) and positively correlated with CR (CR = 0.21 x AL + 2.53, r = 0.69). The highest correlation was found between the ratio of AL to CR and RE (AL/CR = -0.04 x RE + 3.08, r = -0.76). No association was observed between age and AL, nor between CR and RE.
Conclusions: The IOLMaster provides high repeatability in AL measurement in myopic children. The associations between AL and each refractive component found in this study were consistent with those in previous studies that used the ultrasound A-mode method, except for slightly higher AL/CR ratios in our study.

DOI： 10.1007/s10384-006-0410-5

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その他リンク： http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7574-1749

担当区分：筆頭著者,　最終著者,　責任著者  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：眼科臨床紀要会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本糖尿病合併症学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本糖尿病眼学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：金原出版(株)  

＜文献概要＞組織プラスミノーゲン活性化因子(tissue plasminogen activator:tPA)は,血管内皮細胞から分泌される線溶系に関与するセリンプロテアーゼの1種で,プラスミノーゲンを活性化し,プラスミンを生成し,フィブリンを分解して血栓を溶解する薬剤である(図1)。眼科では黄斑下出血(submacular hemorrhage:SMH)に対する出血移動をより効果的に行う目的で使用されることが多い。しかしtPAは本来,心筋梗塞や脳梗塞に対して投与がなされる薬剤で,眼科での局所の使用は適応外使用となる。よってtPA使用のリスクとベネフィットをよく理解したうえで,患者の同意が得られたときにのみ使用する。

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公財)日本眼科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公財)日本眼科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公財)日本眼科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公財)日本眼科学会  

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：金原出版(株)  

＜文献概要＞黄斑円孔に対して内境界膜(internal limiting membrane:ILM)剥離とガスタンポナーデを併施した硝子体切除が標準術式として行われるようになり,400μm以下の黄斑円孔であれば,ほぼ100%に近い確率で黄斑円孔を閉鎖できるようになった。しかし標準術式では閉鎖が得られにくい難治性の黄斑円孔も存在する。近年,難治性黄斑円孔に対してILM翻転,ILM自家移植,自家感覚網膜移植などの術式が考案され手術成績が報告されている。そこで本稿では,まず標準術式の歴史と問題点について述べ,その後,難治性黄斑円孔に対する術式とその評価について解説する。

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その他リンク： https://search.jamas.or.jp/default/link?pub_year=2023&ichushi_jid=J00293&link_issn=&doc_id=20230822130009&doc_link_id=10.18888%2Fga.0000003216&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.18888%2Fga.0000003216&type=%E5%8C%BB%E6%9B%B8.jp_%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%82%A2%E3%82%AF%E3%82%BB%E3%82%B9&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00024_2.gif

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J-GLOBAL

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J-GLOBAL

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J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：眼科臨床紀要会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：眼科臨床紀要会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本糖尿病合併症学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：眼科臨床紀要会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本糖尿病合併症学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(株)全日本病院出版会  

2020年に光干渉断層計Bスキャン画像に基づく分層黄斑円孔関連疾患の新たな診断基準が提唱された。従来の牽引型分層黄斑円孔は黄斑上膜を伴う中心窩分離へと名称が変更され、変性型分層黄斑円孔は単に分層黄斑円孔と定義された。前者の主たる病態は黄斑上膜による網膜牽引であるため、治療として硝子体手術による黄斑上膜剥離が行われ、後者は網膜牽引がほとんど病態に関与しないため、治療としてepiretinal proliferationの埋め込み術が行われることが多い。しかし、いずれの術式に関しても、明確な手術適応基準は存在しない。したがって、慎重に手術適応を判断し、十分な説明と同意のもとに手術を決定する必要がある。(著者抄録)

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公財)日本眼科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公財)日本眼科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公財)日本眼科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公財)日本眼科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公財)日本眼科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(株)メディカル葵出版  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(株)メディカ出版  

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その他リンク： https://search-tp.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2021&ichushi_jid=J06107&link_issn=&doc_id=20211119170006&doc_link_id=issn%3D2187-2422%26volume%3D10%26issue%3D6%26spage%3D660&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pieronline.jp%2Fopenurl%3Fissn%3D2187-2422%26volume%3D10%26issue%3D6%26spage%3D660&type=PierOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00005_2.gif

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公財)日本眼科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(株)メディカル葵出版  

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その他リンク： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2021&ichushi_jid=J01784&link_issn=&doc_id=20210324220007&doc_link_id=%2Fah9atgke%2F2021%2F003803%2F008%2F0293b0299%26dl%3D3&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fah9atgke%2F2021%2F003803%2F008%2F0293b0299%26dl%3D3&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_4.gif

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：眼科臨床紀要会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：眼科臨床紀要会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：眼科臨床紀要会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：眼科臨床紀要会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：眼科臨床紀要会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公財)日本眼科学会  

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J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(株)メディカル葵出版  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：眼科臨床紀要会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公財)日本眼科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公財)日本眼科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公財)日本眼科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：眼科臨床紀要会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：眼科臨床紀要会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：眼科臨床紀要会  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）   出版者・発行元：ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）   出版者・発行元：ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）   出版者・発行元：ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）   出版者・発行元：ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC  

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Web of Science

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）   出版者・発行元：ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC  

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Web of Science

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）   出版者・発行元：ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC  

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Web of Science

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）   出版者・発行元：ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC  

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Web of Science

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公財)日本眼科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公財)日本眼科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公財)日本眼科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公財)日本眼科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：眼科臨床紀要会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：眼科臨床紀要会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：眼科臨床紀要会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(株)医学書院  

目的:T細胞性急性リンパ性白血病(T-ALL)が視神経と眼窩に浸潤した症例の報告。症例:患者は46歳の男性.2014年にT-ALLと診断されたが,化学療法により完全寛解を得た。診断7ヵ月後に右眼霧視出現。T-ALLの再発と診断。右眼は網膜中心動脈閉塞症のため失明した。再寛解後に末梢血幹細胞移植を施行したが,3ヵ月後に再発。左眼視力障害,眼球突出が出現。治療により症状は一時軽快したが,左眼失明。診断19ヵ月後に死亡し,病理解剖を行った。所見:全身にT-ALL浸潤があり,網脈絡膜,視神経乳頭,眼窩脂肪組織,外眼筋にT-ALL細胞が認められた。結論:T-ALLの眼病理組織の報告は希少であり,報告した。(著者抄録)

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その他リンク： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2017&ichushi_jid=J01537&link_issn=&doc_id=20170802140016&doc_link_id=10.11477%2Fmf.1410212367&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.11477%2Fmf.1410212367&type=%88%E3%8F%91.jp_%83I%81%5B%83%8B%83A%83N%83Z%83X&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00024_2.gif

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(株)メディカ出版  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公財)日本眼科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公財)日本眼科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公財)日本眼科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公財)日本眼科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公財)日本眼科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：眼科臨床紀要会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：眼科臨床紀要会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：眼科臨床紀要会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：眼科臨床紀要会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：眼科臨床紀要会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：眼科臨床紀要会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公財)日本眼科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公財)日本眼科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公財)日本眼科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公財)日本眼科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公財)日本眼科学会  

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J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：眼科臨床紀要会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(株)メディカル葵出版  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：眼科臨床紀要会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：眼科臨床紀要会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：眼科臨床紀要会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：眼科臨床紀要会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本消化器内視鏡学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(株)メディカル葵出版  

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その他リンク： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2015&ichushi_jid=J01784&link_issn=&doc_id=20150901320003&doc_link_id=%2Fah9atgke%2F2015%2F003208%2F004%2F1083-1088%26dl%3D0&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fah9atgke%2F2015%2F003208%2F004%2F1083-1088%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公財)日本眼科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公財)日本眼科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公財)日本眼科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公財)日本眼科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公財)日本眼科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公財)日本眼科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：眼科臨床紀要会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公財)日本眼科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公財)日本眼科学会  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：速報，短報，研究ノート等（学術雑誌）  

Scopus

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(株)医学書院  

目的:炎症所見を伴わない水晶体皮質融解の症例の報告。症例:62歳女性が内科でWegener肉芽腫症と診断され,精査のため紹介され受診した。所見と経過:矯正視力は右1.0,左指数弁で,眼圧は正常範囲にあった。左眼では水晶体皮質の大部分が消失し,水晶体嚢と茶褐色の核のみがあった。前房に炎症所見はなかった。水晶体乳化吸引術,水晶体嚢切除,眼内レンズの嚢外固定を行い,6ヵ月後に0.6の視力を得た。眼底に異常所見はなかった。結論:無症状の水晶体皮質融解に対して水晶体再建術を行い,良好な結果を得た。(著者抄録)

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記述言語：日本語  

CiNii Article

CiNii Books

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公財)日本眼科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公財)日本眼科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：眼科臨床医報会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(株)医学書院  

代償不全型先天性上斜筋麻痺と診断され、球後麻酔によって患眼の下斜筋後転術10mmを施行した24症例(平均年齢48.5歳)を対象に、その手術成績を検討した。術前後1週および最終検査時(術後8.3±6.5ヵ月)で実施した視能訓練士による斜視検査を基に分析した結果、1)第1眼位、内転位、患側頭部傾斜での上下偏位は、術後1週間目では1症例を除いて、最終検査時では全例で改善を認めた。2)患側への頭部傾斜の際の上下偏位の改善効果は、1眼位における上下偏位の矯正効果を上回らなく、いわゆる矯正効果の戻りがみられた症例はなかった。3)最終検査時、73%では近見時の両眼単一視の回復が認められたが、遠見時では半数の症例で抑制が確認された。4)下斜筋後転術単独手術は過矯正のリスクがなく、眼位ずれを改善可能にする手術と思われたが、その効果には限界があると考えられた。

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：眼科臨床医報会  

成人内斜視の連続症例19例に対しアジャスタブル斜視手術を行い、その短期・中期成績について検討した。その結果、10例(53%)で縫合糸の調節が必要であったが、この操作により調整終了時の遠見眼位は1±2△に矯正された。最終検査時(平均観察期間10±8ヵ月)の遠見眼位は平均3±3△で、11例(58%)は交代遮閉試験にて遠見眼位が正常であった。観察期間内で-9〜11△の眼位変動がみられ、最終検査時の遠見眼位は-7〜11△であった。最終検査時のbagolini線条レンズ検査結果は、遠見では14例(73%)、近見では18例(95%)で両眼単一視を得た。

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(株)医学書院  

市販のデジタルスチルカメラを用い、静止画像を計測して眼鏡レンズの偏位を測定する方法を考案した。また、屈折異常に対して眼鏡を常用している外来患者78名を対象に測定してその有用性を検討した。その結果、1)観察されたレンズ光心の平均偏位量は下方に3.8〜4.0mmであり、理想的な位置に比べて更に平均1.5〜2.5mm下方偏位していた。2)本法では眼鏡レンズのアライメント異常を数分以内で定量することができ、自由頭位で測定されたレンズ光心の偏位量は、日常生活における眼鏡レンズのアライメントを最も正確に反映していると思われた。

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その他リンク： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2006&ichushi_jid=J01537&link_issn=&doc_id=20061117450009&doc_link_id=10.11477%2Fmf.1410101018&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.11477%2Fmf.1410101018&type=%88%E3%8F%91.jp_%83I%81%5B%83%8B%83A%83N%83Z%83X&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00024_2.gif

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：眼科臨床医報会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：眼科臨床医報会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：眼科臨床医報会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：眼科臨床医報会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(株)医学書院  

6〜12歳の早期発生近視学童86名を対象に,ミドリンP(0.5%トロピカミド+0.5%塩酸フェニレフリン)点眼による屈折値の変化を測定し,調節緊張診断の可能性を検討した.学童の等価球面度数は-6.25〜-1.25Dであった.ミドリンP点眼前後の自覚的・他覚的屈折値の変化を赤緑試験および赤外線自動レフラクトメータで測定した.その結果,近視強度によらず自覚的および他覚的屈折値変化量のばらつきはほぼ一定であり,自覚的に平均0.17±0.32D,他覚的に平均0.30±0.27Dの近視度数の軽減を認めた.自覚的屈折値および他覚的屈折値とも両眼間で相関を認めた.ミドリンP点眼による自覚的屈折値の変動量は95%信頼区間で±0.79Dであり,0.80Dを超えて近視度数が軽減すれば近視ではなく調節緊張の可能性があると考えられた

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その他リンク： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2006&ichushi_jid=J01537&link_issn=&doc_id=20060428070029&doc_link_id=10.11477%2Fmf.1410100426&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.11477%2Fmf.1410100426&type=%88%E3%8F%91.jp_%83I%81%5B%83%8B%83A%83N%83Z%83X&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00024_2.gif

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公財)日本眼科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公財)日本眼科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：眼科臨床医報会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：眼科臨床医報会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公財)日本眼科学会  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（招待・特別）  

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