Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SAGE Publications  

As a competitive sport, tennis demands a comprehensive understanding of the factors which contribute to success at different levels of performance. In order to clarify the aforementioned, the aim of this study was to explore and understand the perspective of tennis players, at differing levels of success, and the impact of social capital on their sporting careers. A particular emphasis was put on an elite group of tennis players who succeeded in reaching the pinnacle of success by winning a Grand Slam title. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 30 tennis players, including 10 Grand Slam winners. Upon transcription, the interviews were analyzed by using reflexive thematic analysis. Family presence and support during the challenges faced by tennis players emerged as a clear research topic following the research analysis. The perspectives of tennis players on the influence of social capital on long-term sports development and achievements revealed that the family plays a key role in the process of raising and supporting tennis players. In order to improve the long-term sports development of tennis players, families must ensure and provide a more significant role in the accrual of social capital, however it is not necessarily a sufficient condition to success.

DOI： 10.1177/10126902241298498

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SAGE Publications  

Purpose

To investigate whether changes in volunteering from adolescence to young adulthood are associated with subsequent health and well-being outcomes in adulthood.

Design

Longitudinal cohort study.

Setting

National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health.

Subjects

U.S. adults from Wave IV (2008/2009; N = 12,234) and Wave V (2016-2018; N = 9,971).

Measures

Any volunteering and nine types of volunteering (independent variables) and 41 health and well-being outcomes (dependent variables) using an outcome-wide approach with multiple linear-, logistic-, and generalized linear regressions.

Results

Volunteering in young adulthood was associated with better health behaviors (e.g., 34% decreased risk of binge drinking, 95% CI [0.54, 0.81]) and improved psychosocial and civic outcomes (e.g., lower depressive symptoms (β = −0.08, 95% CI [−0.14, −0.02]) in adulthood. Volunteering showed little evidence of associations with other health and well-being outcomes (e.g., loneliness, (β = −0.04, 95% CI [−0.09, 0.01])). Assessing volunteering by organization types showed a range of positive and negative outcomes. For example, volunteering in hospitals/nursing homes was associated with a 36% increased risk of high cholesterol (95% CI [1.06, 1.73]) and volunteering with political clubs was associated with a 52% increased risk of an anxiety diagnosis (95% CI [1.13, 2.05]).

Conclusion

Our findings suggest more work is needed to determine the conditions under which volunteering is health promoting and to minimize potential adverse effects associated with some types of volunteering.

DOI： 10.1177/08901171241273424

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Epidemiological Association  

DOI： 10.2188/jea.je20240426

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Wiley  

Abstract

Background

Previous studies have shown that job strain is associated with low birthweight (LBW), preterm birth (PTB), and small for gestational age (SGA). We conducted a scoping review and meta‐analysis to assess the association between job strain and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Methods

A literature search was performed on PubMed. We included English‐language studies that examined the association between job strain (based on the Karasek demand‐control model) and pregnancy outcomes. We excluded letters, posters, reviews, and qualitative studies. Random effects meta‐analysis was performed. Heterogeneity was assessed using τ² and I² statistics. Potential bias was assessed using standard funnel plots. Asymmetry was evaluated by Egger's test. Leave‐one‐out analysis was performed for sensitivity analyses.

Results

Three eligible studies were found for LBW, seven for PTB, and four for SGA. The number of subjects ranged from 135 to 4889, and the prevalence of high job strain ranged from 6.64% to 33.9%. The pooled odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI) for LBW, PTB, and SGA were 1.23 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.56), 1.10 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.22), and 1.16 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.39) respectively, indicating modest associations. Heterogeneity for LBW and PTB may not be important but may be moderate for SGA. No publication bias was detected for LBW and PTB, but possible publication bias exists for SGA.

Conclusion

We found a modest association between job strain and PTB. Since job strain is only one of the many aspects of an unhealthy work environment, interventions that improve working conditions more broadly are needed.

DOI： 10.1002/ajim.23655

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Oxford University Press (OUP)  

DOI： 10.1093/aje/kwae096

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Authorship：Last author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)  

The relevance of the epidemiologic concept of preventable fraction to the study of the population-level impact of preventive exposures is unequivocal. Here, we discuss how the preventable fraction can be usefully understood for the class of outcomes that relate to disease progression (e.g., clinical severity given diagnosis), and, under the principal stratification framework, derive an expression for this quantity for this type of outcome. In particular, we show that, in the context of disease progression, the preventable fraction is a function of the effect on the postdiagnosis outcome in the principal stratum in the unexposed group who would have disease regardless of exposure status. This work will facilitate an understanding of the contribution of principal effects to the impact of preventive exposures at the population level.

DOI： 10.1097/ede.0000000000001770

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)  

DOI： 10.1097/ede.0000000000001786

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijporl.2024.112055

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)  

One of the common errors in the calculation of the population attributable fraction (PAF) is the use of an adjusted risk ratio in the Levin formula. In this article, we discuss the errors visually using wireframes by varying the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) and associational risk ratio (aRR) when the prevalence of exposure is fixed. When SMR >1 and SMR > aRR, the absolute bias is positive, and its magnitude increases as the difference between SMR and aRR increases. By contrast, when aRR > SMR > 1, the absolute bias is negative and its magnitude is relatively small. Moreover, when SMR > aRR, the relative bias is larger than one, whereas when SMR < aRR, the relative bias is smaller than one. Although the target population of the PAF is the total population, the target of causation of the PAF is not the total population but the exposed group.

DOI： 10.1097/ede.0000000000001731

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society of Acupuncture and Moxibustion  

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Other Link： https://jsam.jp/onlineJournal/pdf2/97.pdf

Authorship：Last author   Publisher：Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory  

AimThe objective of this study was to explore the relationship between serum aspartate/alanine aminotransferase ratio (AST/ALT) and subsequent development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in non-diabetic Japanese men and women in a 25-year follow-up study.MethodsThe study included all middle-aged and older non-diabetic Japanese citizens who received health check-ups in Zentsuji, Kagawa, Japan (1998–2023). AST/ALT was classified into three categories: &lt;1.0 (reference), 1.0–&lt;1.5, and ≥1.5. Participant characteristics were compared by AST/ALT categories. The Weibull accelerated failure time model was used to examine the association between AST/ALT categories and subsequent CKD onset because the proportional hazards assumption was violated.ResultsOf 6309 men and 9192 women, 2966 men and 4395 women remained in the final cohort. After a mean follow-up of 7.50 years for men and 8.34 years for women, 33.7% of men and 34.0% of women developed CKD. Women had higher AST/ALT than men. In women, a dose-response relationship was observed, with a 9% shorter survival time to CKD onset for AST/ALT ≥1.5 compared with AST/ALT &lt;1.0. In contrast, men had a shorter survival time to CKD onset by point estimates, but the 95% confidence intervals crossed 1 in all models.ConclusionsIn this study comparing the risks of CKD development in non-diabetic men and women by AST/ALT levels, a dose-response relationship was only observed in women. Differences in the distribution of AST/ALT by sex may have affected the results. Therefore, in non-diabetic Japanese women, AST/ALT may be used as an indicator of future CKD development.

DOI： 10.1101/2024.05.20.24307032

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2023.07.003

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Oxford University Press (OUP)  

This study explores natural direct and joint natural indirect effects (JNIE) of prenatal opioid exposure on neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) in children mediated through pregnancy complications, major and minor congenital malformations, and adverse neonatal outcomes, using Medicaid claims linked to vital statistics in Rhode Island, United States, 2008–2018. A Bayesian mediation analysis with elastic net shrinkage prior was developed to estimate mean time to NDD diagnosis ratio using posterior mean and 95% credible intervals (CrIs) from Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms. Simulation studies showed desirable model performance. Of 11,176 eligible pregnancies, 332 had ≥2 dispensations of prescription opioids anytime during pregnancy, including 200 (1.8%) having ≥1 dispensation in the first trimester (T1), 169 (1.5%) in the second (T2), and 153 (1.4%) in the third (T3). A significant JNIE of opioid exposure was observed in each trimester (T1, JNIE = 0.97, 95% CrI: 0.95, 0.99; T2, JNIE = 0.97, 95% CrI: 0.95, 0.99; T3, JNIE = 0.96, 95% CrI: 0.94, 0.99). The proportion of JNIE in each trimester was 17.9% (T1), 22.4% (T2), and 56.3% (T3). In conclusion, adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes jointly mediated the association between prenatal opioid exposure and accelerated time to NDD diagnosis. The proportion of JNIE increased as the timing of opioid exposure approached delivery.

DOI： 10.1093/aje/kwad183

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Other Link： https://academic.oup.com/aje/article-pdf/193/2/308/56556096/kwad183.pdf

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  

An East Asian–specific variant on aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 ( ALDH2 rs671, G&gt;A) is the major genetic determinant of alcohol consumption. We performed an rs671 genotype-stratified genome-wide association study meta-analysis of alcohol consumption in 175,672 Japanese individuals to explore gene-gene interactions with rs671 behind drinking behavior. The analysis identified three genome-wide significant loci ( GCKR , KLB , and ADH1B ) in wild-type homozygotes and six ( GCKR , ADH1B , ALDH1B1 , ALDH1A1 , ALDH2 , and GOT2 ) in heterozygotes, with five showing genome-wide significant interaction with rs671. Genetic correlation analyses revealed ancestry-specific genetic architecture in heterozygotes. Of the discovered loci, four ( GCKR , ADH1B , ALDH1A1 , and ALDH2 ) were suggested to interact with rs671 in the risk of esophageal cancer, a representative alcohol-related disease. Our results identify the genotype-specific genetic architecture of alcohol consumption and reveal its potential impact on alcohol-related disease risk.

DOI： 10.1126/sciadv.ade2780

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Mary Ann Liebert Inc  

DOI： 10.1089/jicm.2023.0077

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：OKAYAMA UNIV MED SCHOOL  

Many studies have shown an association between long-term exposure to particulate matter having an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5) and diabetes mellitus (DM), but few studies have focused on Asian subjects. We thus examined the association between long-term exposure to PM2.5 and DM prevalence in Okayama City, Japan. We included 76,591 participants who had received basic health checkups in 2006 and 2007. We assigned the census-level modeled PM2.5 data from 2006 and 2007 to each participant and defined DM using treatment status and the blood testing. PM2.5 was associated with DM prevalence, and the prevalence ratio (95% confidence interval) was 1.10 (1.00-1.20) following each interquartile range increase (2.1 μg/m3) in PM2.5. This finding is consistent with previous results and suggests that long-term exposure to PM2.5 is associated with an increased prevalence of DM in Okayama City, Japan, where the PM2.5 level is lower than in other cities in Asian countries.

DOI： 10.18926/AMO/66152

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major global public health problem. Recent studies reported that diabetes and prediabetes are risk factors for developing CKD; however, the exact glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) cut-off value for prediabetes remains controversial. In this study, we aimed to examine the relationship between HbA1c levels and subsequent CKD development in greater detail than previous studies. Longitudinal data of annual checkups of 7176 Japanese non-diabetic people (male: 40.4%) from 1998 to 2022 was analyzed. HbA1c values were categorized into &lt; 5.0%, 5.0–5.4%, 5.5–5.9%, and 6.0–6.4%. CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate &lt; 60 ml/min/1.73 m². The descriptive statistics at study entry showed that higher HbA1c values were associated with male, older, overweight or obese, hypertensive, or dyslipidemic people. During a mean follow-up of 7.75 person-years, 2374 participants (male: 40.0%) developed CKD. The Weibull accelerated failure time model was selected because the proportional hazards assumption was violated. The adjusted time ratios of developing CKD for HbA1c levels of 5.5–5.9% and 6.0–6.4% compared with 5.0–5.4% were 0.97 (95% confidence interval: 0.92–1.03) and 1.01 (95% confidence interval: 0.90–1.13), respectively. There was no association between HbA1c in the prediabetic range and subsequent CKD development.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-023-40300-8

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Other Link： https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-40300-8

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

DOI： 10.1007/s10384-023-01018-2

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Epidemiological Association  

BACKGROUND: The counterfactual definition of confounding is often explained in the context of exchangeability between the exposed and unexposed groups. One recent approach is to examine whether the measures of association (e.g., associational risk difference) are exchangeable when exposure status is flipped in the population of interest. We discuss the meaning and utility of this approach, showing their relationships with the concept of confounding in the counterfactual framework. METHODS: Three hypothetical cohort studies are used, in which the target population is the total population. After providing an overview of the notions of confounding in distribution and in measure, we discuss the approach from the perspective of exchangeability of measures of association (e.g., factual associational risk difference vs. counterfactual associational risk difference). RESULTS: In general, if the measures of association are non-exchangeable when exposure status is flipped, confounding in distribution is always present, although confounding in measure may or may not be present. Even if the measures of association are exchangeable when exposure status is flipped, there could be confounding both in distribution and in measure. When we use risk difference or risk ratio as a measure of interest and the exposure prevalence in the population is 0.5, testing the exchangeability of measures of association is equivalent to testing the absence of confounding in the corresponding measures. CONCLUSIONS: The approach based on exchangeability of measures of association essentially does not provide a definition of confounding in the counterfactual framework. Subtly differing notions of confounding should be distinguished carefully.

DOI： 10.2188/jea.JE20210352

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)  

DOI： 10.1097/iae.0000000000003725

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：American Heart Association  

Background Despite the impact of heat exposure caused by global warming, few studies have investigated the hourly effects of heat exposure and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the elderly. We examined the associations between short-term heat exposure and the risk of CVD in the elderly in Japan and evaluated possible effect-measure modifications by rainy seasons that occur in East Asia. Methods and Results We conducted a time-stratified case-crossover study. The study included 6527 residents in Okayama City, Japan, aged ≥65 years who were transported to emergency hospitals between 2012 and 2019 for the onset of CVD during and a few months after the rainy seasons. We examined the linear associations between temperature and CVD-related emergency calls for each year and for hourly preceding intervals before the emergency call during the most relevant months. Heat exposure during 1 month after the end of the rainy season was associated with CVD risk; the odds ratio (OR) for a 1° C increase in temperature was 1.34 (95% CI, 1.29-1.40). When we further explored the nonlinear association by using the natural cubic spline model, we found a J-shaped relationship. Exposures 0 to 6 hours before the case event (preceding intervals 0-6 hours) were associated with CVD risk, particularly for the preceding interval 0 to 1 hour (OR, 1.33 [95% CI, 1.28-1.39]). For longer periods, the highest risk was at preceding intervals 0 to 23 hours (OR, 1.40 [95% CI, 1.34-1.46]). Conclusions Elderly individuals may be more susceptible to CVD after heat exposure during the month after the rainy season. As shown by finer temporal resolution analyses, short-term exposure to increasing temperature can trigger CVD onset.

DOI： 10.1161/JAHA.122.027046

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Authorship：Last author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Public Library of Science (PLoS)  

Despite an increasing number of students studying abroad worldwide, evidence about health risks while they are abroad is limited. Diarrhea is considered the most common travelers’ illness, which would also apply to students studying abroad. We examined diarrhea and related personal characteristics among Japanese students studying abroad. Japanese university students who participated in short-term study abroad programs between summer 2016 and spring 2018 were targeted (n = 825, 6–38 travel days). Based on a 2-week-risk of diarrhea (passing three or more loose or liquid stools per day) among travelers by country, the destination was separated into intermediate- and low-risk countries. After this stratification, the associations between personal characteristics and diarrhea during the first two weeks of their stay were evaluated using logistic regression models. Among participants in intermediate-risk countries, teenagers, males and those with overseas travel experience were associated with an elevated risk of diarrhea; the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 2.42 (1.08–5.43) for teenagers (vs. twenties), 1.93 (1.08–3.45) for males (vs. females) and 2.37 (1.29–4.33) for those with overseas experience (vs. none). Even restricting an outcome to diarrhea during the first week did not change the results substantially. The same tendency was not observed for those in the low-risk countries. Teenage students, males and those with overseas travel experience should be cautious about diarrhea while studying abroad, specifically in intermediate-risk countries.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0279426

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

The attributable fraction (population) has attracted much attention from a theoretical perspective and has been used extensively to assess the impact of potential health interventions. However, despite its extensive use, there is much confusion about its concept and calculation methods. In this article, we discuss the concepts of and calculation methods for the attributable fraction and related measures in the counterfactual framework, both with and without stratification by covariates. Generally, the attributable fraction is useful when the exposure of interest has a causal effect on the outcome. However, it is important to understand that this statement applies to the exposed group. Although the target population of the attributable fraction (population) is the total population, the causal effect should be present not in the total population but in the exposed group. As related measures, we discuss the preventable fraction and prevented fraction, which are generally useful when the exposure of interest has a preventive effect on the outcome, and we further propose a new measure called the attributed fraction. We also discuss the causal and preventive excess fractions, and provide notes on vaccine efficacy. Finally, we discuss the relations between the aforementioned six measures and six possible patterns using a conceptual schema.

DOI： 10.1515/jci-2021-0068

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Mary Ann Liebert Inc  

DOI： 10.1089/jicm.2022.0631

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Other Link： https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/pdf/10.1089/jicm.2022.0631

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Wiley  

AIM: A number of studies have indicated the potential benefits that breastfeeding has on reducing childhood obesity, but few studies have evaluated the effect on adolescent obesity. We examined the association between breastfeeding and overweight or obesity at 15 years of age using data from a large nationwide longitudinal study launched by the Japanese Government in 2001. METHODS: We analysed data for 26 164 participants with known infant feeding practices at 6 months of age, namely the duration of breastfeeding or formula feeding. Overweight or obesity at 15 years of age were calculated based on the subject's self-reported height and weight. Multinomial logistic regression analysis adjusted the data for child factors, namely sex, siblings, birth weight and physical activity clubs and the maternal factors of age, educational attainment and smoking status. RESULTS: Formula feeding was associated with an increased risk of overweight or obesity at 15 years of age. The adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 0.99 (0.89-1.09) for partial breastfeeding and 1.23 (1.02-1.48) for formula feeding, when exclusive breastfeeding was the reference category. CONCLUSION: Breastfeeding during infancy had potential benefits for overweight or obesity among 15-year-old adolescents. Our results provide further evidence of the importance of breastfeeding.

DOI： 10.1111/apa.16551

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)  

DOI： 10.1097/ede.0000000000001558

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2022.02.002

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Oxford University Press (OUP)  

Abstract

We analyzed the local control (LC) of cervical squamous cell carcinoma treated by computed tomography (CT)-based image-guided brachytherapy (IGBT) using central shielding (CS). We also examined the value of tumor diameter before brachytherapy (BT) as a factor of LC. In total, 97 patients were analyzed between April 2016 and March 2020. Whole-pelvic (WP) radiotherapy (RT) with CS was performed, and the total pelvic sidewall dose was 50 or 50.4 Gy; IGBT was delivered in 3–4 fractions. The total dose was calculated as the biologically equivalent dose in 2 Gy fractions, and distribution was modified manually by graphical optimization. The median follow-up period was 31.8 months (6.3–63.2 months). The 1- and 2-year LC rates were 89% and 87%, respectively. The hazard ratio was 10.11 (95% confidence interval: 1.48–68.99) for local recurrence in those with a horizontal tumor diameter ≥ 4 cm compared to those with &amp;lt; 4 cm before BT. In CT-based IGBT for squamous cell carcinoma, favorable LC can be obtained in patients with a tumor diameter &amp;lt; 4 cm before BT. However, if the tumor diameter is ≥ 4 cm, different treatment strategies such as employing interstitial-BT for dose escalation may be necessary.

DOI： 10.1093/jrr/rrac040

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Wiley  

DOI： 10.1111/joim.13526

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Authorship：Last author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Oxford University Press (OUP)  

DOI： 10.1093/ije/dyac090

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)  

OBJECTIVE

There have been no accurate surveillance data regarding the incidence rate of spinal arteriovenous shunts (SAVSs). Here, the authors investigate the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of SAVSs.

METHODS

The authors conducted multicenter hospital-based surveillance as an inventory survey at 8 core hospitals in Okayama Prefecture between April 1, 2009, and March 31, 2019. Consecutive patients who lived in Okayama and were diagnosed with SAVSs on angiographic studies were enrolled. The clinical characteristics and the incidence rates of each form of SAVS and the differences between SAVSs at different spinal levels were analyzed.

RESULTS

The authors identified a total of 45 patients with SAVSs, including 2 cases of spinal arteriovenous malformation, 5 cases of perimedullary arteriovenous fistula (AVF), 31 cases of spinal dural AVF (SDAVF), and 7 cases of spinal epidural AVF (SEAVF). The crude incidence rate was 0.234 per 100,000 person-years for all SAVSs including those at the craniocervical junction (CCJ) level. The incidence rate of SDAVF and SEAVF combined increased with advancing age in men only. In a comparative analysis between upper and lower spinal SDAVF/SEAVF, hemorrhage occurred in 7/14 cases (50%) at the CCJ/cervical level and in 0/24 cases (0%) at the thoracolumbar level (p = 0.0003). Venous congestion appeared in 1/14 cases (7%) at the CCJ/cervical level and in 23/24 cases (96%) at the thoracolumbar level (p &lt; 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS

The authors reported detailed incidence rates of SAVSs in Japan. There were some differences in clinical characteristics of SAVSs in the upper spinal levels and those in the lower spinal levels.

DOI： 10.3171/2021.7.spine21233

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Other Link： https://thejns.org/downloadpdf/journals/j-neurosurg-spine/36/4/article-p670.xml

Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1097/EDE.0000000000001411

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DOI： 10.1007/s00127-021-02040-w

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1007/s10654-021-00798-6

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DOI： 10.4187/respcare.08660

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DOI： 10.1245/s10434-020-09272-1

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)  

DOI： 10.1097/ede.0000000000001360

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Authorship：Last author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Okayama Medical Association  

DOI： 10.4044/joma.133.55

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DOI： 10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.032052

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DOI： 10.1097/EDE.0000000000001306

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DOI： 10.46497/archrheumatol.2020.7852

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DOI： 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.07.062

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DOI： 10.2188/jea.je20200226

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DOI： 10.1016/j.oret.2020.03.021

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DOI： 10.2188/jea.je20190192

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DOI： 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-2685

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DOI： 10.1007/s11739-019-02214-0

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DOI： 10.1186/s12982-018-0083-9

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DOI： 10.1007/s10654-019-00571-w

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DOI： 10.1097/ede.0000000000000898

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DOI： 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.04.023

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DOI： 10.1016/j.tmaid.2018.01.004

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DOI： 10.1016/j.annepidem.2017.11.005

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DOI： 10.1097/ede.0000000000000700

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DOI： 10.1002/hed.24874

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DOI： 10.1111/ggi.12851

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DOI： 10.1016/j.je.2016.09.003

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DOI： 10.1016/j.jagp.2016.10.014

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DOI： 10.1002/hed.24504

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DOI： 10.1016/j.annepidem.2016.09.008

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Authorship：Lead author,　Last author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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DOI： 10.1097/ede.0000000000000516

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DOI： 10.1097/ede.0000000000000385

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DOI： 10.1097/ede.0000000000000468

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DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0144683

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DOI： 10.1002/gps.4268

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DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0142629

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DOI： 10.1097/ede.0000000000000304

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DOI： 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-007184

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DOI： 10.1007/s00127-014-0967-0

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DOI： 10.1016/j.ijporl.2014.12.006

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DOI： 10.1093/eurpub/cku023

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DOI： 10.18926/AMO/53023

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DOI： 10.1186/1476-069x-13-67

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DOI： 10.1097/jom.0000000000000334

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DOI： 10.1097/jom.0000000000000274

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DOI： 10.1097/ede.0000000000000114

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DOI： 10.1016/j.annepidem.2014.04.003

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DOI： 10.1161/strokeaha.114.005227

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DOI： 10.1007/s00127-013-0752-5

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DOI： 10.18926/AMO/52406

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DOI： 10.1097/ede.0000000000000062

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DOI： 10.1097/ede.0000000000000050

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DOI： 10.1097/ede.0000000000000060

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DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0088084

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Authorship：Last author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：JAPAN PRIMARY CARE ASSOCIATION  

Introduction : We report the effect of adaptive servo ventilation (ASV) treatment on heart failure in a home care setting.<br>Methods : For eight home care patients aged ≥75 with heart failure, we diagnosed sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) by using a simplified monitor and implemented ASV treatment. We assessed its effect on heart failure by using NT-proBNP. We also assessed its effects on SDB by using apnea hypopnea index (AHI).<br>Results : Three patients dropped out because they felt fear of putting on the mask. Among the other five patients, we observed a significant decrease rate of NT-proBNP (mean : -0.43, 95% confidence interval (CI) : -0.64, -0.22) after the ASV treatment. With regard to AHI, we observed a decreasing tendency (mean : -20.4 /hour, 95% CI : -41.2/hour, 0.4/hour).<br>Conclusion : This study suggests that ASV treatment is effective for a treatment of heart failure in a home care setting.

DOI： 10.14442/generalist.37.342

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DOI： 10.1186/1471-2288-13-101

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DOI： 10.1186/1471-2458-13-1189

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DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0077918

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DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0065846

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DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0063443

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DOI： 10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.02.027

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DOI： 10.18926/AMO/49254

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DOI： 10.1016/j.lungcan.2012.10.007

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DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0051717

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DOI： 10.1186/1471-2458-12-395

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DOI： 10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.03.036

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DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0039876

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DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0038370

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DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0051717

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DOI： 10.1136/jech.2010.115592

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DOI： 10.1097/hjh.0b013e32835377ed

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DOI： 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2011.00642.x

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DOI： 10.1093/aje/kwr333

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DOI： 10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000425

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DOI： 10.1539/joh.11-0202-oa

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DOI： 10.1539/joh.11-0100-oa

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DOI： 10.1097/ede.0b013e3182319159

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DOI： 10.18926/AMO/47265

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DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0024732

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DOI： 10.2105/ajph.2011.300166

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DOI： 10.1007/s10654-011-9568-3

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DOI： 10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181febc5c

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DOI： 10.1007/s10654-011-9568-3

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DOI： 10.18926/AMO/45264

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DOI： 10.18926/AMO/45268

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DOI： 10.1097/RLU.0b013e318203bb6c

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DOI： 10.1097/ede.0b013e3181febc5c

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DOI： 10.1016/j.lungcan.2010.03.008

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DOI： 10.1097/ede.0b013e3181f32842

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DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0012135

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DOI： 10.1186/1471-2458-10-489

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DOI： 10.1179/107735210799160110

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Informa UK Limited  

DOI： 10.2147/copd.s10029

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DOI： 10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.01.014

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DOI： 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.12.033

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DOI： 10.1136/oem.2008.045542

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japanese Association for Acute Medicine  

The fundamental statistical knowledge that is required in clinical studies is, first, being able to decide "Which test would be the best to use in which situation" when comparing basic attributes, and understanding logistic regression analysis as a form of multivariate analysis that is used to "adjust for confounding factors". In addition, because many clinical studies use survival time as their outcome, it is also important to learn about survival analysis. When comparing basic attributes, after determining whether the variables are "continuous variables" or "categorical variables", the decision as to which test to use depends on whether "2 groups" are going to be compared or "more than 3 groups" are going to be compared. Logistic regression analysis is often used when there are two outcome values, and it is possible to estimate the effect of exposure as an odds ratio. By contrast, with the Cox proportional hazard model, which is used in survival analyses, the effect of exposure can be estimated in the form of a hazard ratio. "Increasing the statistical knowledge required after studying epidemiology thoroughly" might be an efficient way to acquire knowledge about clinical studies in the midst of a busy clinical practice.

DOI： 10.3893/jjaam.20.851

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1016/j.annepidem.2009.06.003

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DOI： 10.1136/jech.2008.082453

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Confounding is frequently a primary concern in epidemiological studies. With the increasing complexity of hypothesized relationships among exposures, outcomes, and covariates, it becomes very difficult to present these hypotheses lucidly and comprehensively. Graphical models are of great benefit in this regard. In this article, we focuse on directed acyclic graphs (DAGs), and review their value for confounder selection, categorization of potential biases, and hypothesis specification. We also discuss the importance of considering causal structures before selecting the covariates to be included in a statistical model and the potential biases introduced by inappropriately adjusting statistical models for covariates. DAGs are nonparametric and qualitative tools for visualizing research hypotheses regarding an exposure, an outcome, and covariates. Causal structures represented in DAGs will rarely be perfectly "correct" owing to the uncertainty about the underlying causal relationships. Nevertheless, to the extent that using DAGs forces greater clarity about causal assumptions, we are able to consider key sources of bias and uncertainty when interpreting study results. In summary, in this article, we review the following three points. (1) Although researchers have not adopted a consistent definition of confounders, using DAGs and the rules of d-separation we are able to identify clearly which variables we must condition on or adjust for in order to test a causal hypothesis under a set of causal assumptions. (2) We also show that DAGs should accurately correspond to research hypotheses of interest. To obtain a valid causal interpretation, research hypotheses should be defined explicitly from the perspective of a counterfactual model before drawing DAGs. A proper interpretation of the coefficients of a statistical model for addressing a specific research hypothesis relies on an accurate specification of a causal DAG reflecting the underlying causal structure. Unless DAGs correspond to research hypotheses, we cannot reliably reach proper conclusions testing the research hypotheses. Finally, (3) we have briefly reviewed other approaches to causal inference, and illustrate how these models are connected.<br>

DOI： 10.1265/jjh.64.796

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DOI： 10.3893/jjaam.20.794

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DOI： 10.1265/jjh.64.786

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DOI： 10.1016/j.ypmed.2009.06.016

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DOI： 10.1097/ede.0b013e3181a3d3f6

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DOI： 10.3893/jjaam.20.397

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DOI： 10.1016/j.ypmed.2009.06.016

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japanese Association for Acute Medicine  

Comprehending academic theses (i.e., critical appraisal) is a fundamental technique that is necessary when conducting research: in recent days with the practice of EBM, it has become a prerequisite needed even by clinicians. A great many clinicians find understanding academic theses almost painful. However, the authors believe that acquiring a basic knowledge of epidemiology and studying the methods of writing academic theses are the best approach if one wishes to master a technique that will lead to an understanding of academic theses. For the fundamental knowledge of epidemiology, understanding epidemiological indices and outcome measures, which are necessary for quantitative estimation of the effects of exposure (treatment) on the outcome, as well as the research design that are a prerequisite in considering biases are extremely important. For an interpretation of academic theses, on the other hand, one's efficacy to read and understand academic theses improves dramatically if he understands the paragraph structure and learns to do "paragraph reading" (reading each paragraph consecutively). The best training is to read these academic theses while referring to various guidelines for writing papers.

DOI： 10.3893/jjaam.20.338

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DOI： 10.3893/jjaam.20.288

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DOI： 10.1097/ede.0b013e318190e73f

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DOI： 10.1097/01.ede.0000340088.39958.8b

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DOI： 10.1539/joh.l7154

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DOI： 10.1097/ede.0b013e31816379b1

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DOI： 10.5772/53193

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Responsible for pages：89–111   Language：Japanese Book type：Scholarly book

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(NPO)日本脳神経血管内治療学会  

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DOI： 10.1016/j.healun.2021.01.1007

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J-GLOBAL

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J-GLOBAL

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Symposium: New methods for an old epidemiologic problem: age, period, and cohorts effects. (Symposium chairs: Whitney Robinson, Katherine M. Keyes)

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DOI： 10.1097/01.ede.0000391894.33567.9c

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DOI： 10.1097/01.ede.0000391895.33567.d5

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Web of Science

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (national, other academic conference)   Publisher：Japan Society for Occupational Health  

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (national, other academic conference)  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (national, other academic conference)  

J-GLOBAL

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Event date： 2024.12.13 - 2024.12.14

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

Venue：National Taiwan University, Taipei City  

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Event date： 2024.11.5 - 2024.11.7

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

Venue：Matsuyama, Ehime  

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Event date： 2024.10.4 - 2024.10.6

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：Omiya, Saitama  

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Event date： 2024.6.18 - 2024.6.21

Language：English   Presentation type：Symposium, workshop panel (public)  

Venue：Austin, TX  

Symposium: The Birth of S: A Half-Century of Causal Synergism. (Sponsored by EPIDEMIOLOGY)

June of 2024 marks the 50th anniversary of the publication of Ken Rothman’s paper “Synergy and Antagonism in Cause-Effect Relationships” (AJE Vol 99, No. 6, June 1974). This short, landmark paper identified for the first time in the epidemiologic literature the additive scale null as the benchmark for assessing causal synergism. It went on to propose the novel measure “S” to assess deviations from additive joint effects, and to show that this was applicable to relative effect measures. This seminal publication led to a revolution in multifactorial casual theory in epidemiology, and a proliferation of new ideas for how to understand causal mechanisms through the lens of joint effects patterns. It is therefore fitting to take this opportunity to reflect on a half-century of joint effects, considering how this crucial idea has evolved over this time, and to what extent causal mechanisms have or have not been elucidated through the application of these techniques in epidemiologic research. Most exciting is that Ken Rothman has agreed to attend the meeting and serve as the Discussant of this session, offering a rare opportunity for the original author to reflect back over the 50 years of this idea in epidemiology and to consider its legacy and impact.

Chair:
Jay Kaufman

Presenters:
Alfredo Morabia - The History of Interaction
Tyler VanderWeele - Mapping Interaction Measures to Motivations
Maya Mathur - Are Unknown Effect Modifiers Lurking Everywhere?
Etsuji Suzuki - Discerning Causal Mechanisms of Synergy
Jessie Buckley - Multipollutant Mixtures: To Synergy and Beyond
Kenneth J Rothman - Discussant

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Event date： 2024.6.18 - 2024.6.21

Language：English   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：Austin, TX  

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Event date： 2024.6.18 - 2024.6.21

Language：English   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：Austin, TX  

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Event date： 2024.5.11 - 2024.5.14

Language：English   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：Lisbon  

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Event date： 2024.1.31 - 2024.2.2

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：Otsu  

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Event date： 2024.1.31 - 2024.2.2

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：Otsu  

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Event date： 2023.11.28 - 2023.11.30

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：Tokyo  

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Event date： 2023.10.25 - 2023.10.27

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Symposium, workshop panel (public)  

Venue：Yokohama  

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Event date： 2023.6.13 - 2023.6.16

Language：English   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：Portland, OR  

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Event date： 2023.6.13 - 2023.6.16

Language：English   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：Portland, OR  

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Event date： 2023.5.24 - 2023.5.26

Language：English   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：Austin, TX  

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Event date： 2023.4.8

Language：English   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

Venue：Online  

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Event date： 2023.3.10 - 2023.3.12

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：Fukuoka  

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Event date： 2023.3.10 - 2023.3.12

Language：English   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：Fukuoka  

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Event date： 2023.2.1 - 2023.2.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

Venue：Hamamatsu  

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Event date： 2023.1.21

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：Kumamoto  

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Event date： 2022.12.10 - 2022.12.14

Language：English   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：Maui, HI  

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Event date： 2022.12.1 - 2022.12.3

Language：English   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

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Event date： 2022.11.5 - 2022.11.6

Language：English   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：Chicago, IL  

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Event date： 2022.6.14 - 2022.6.17

Language：English   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：Chicago, IL  

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Event date： 2022.6.11 - 2022.6.12

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：Okinawa  

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Event date： 2022.5.25 - 2022.5.27

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：Osaka  

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Event date： 2022.4.14 - 2022.4.17

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：Osaka  

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Event date： 2022.4.7 - 2022.4.9

Language：English   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

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Event date： 2022.3.11 - 2022.3.13

Language：English   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

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Event date： 2022.3

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2021.11.25 - 2021.11.27

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：Fukuoka  

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Event date： 2021.10.1 - 2021.10.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：Okayama  

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Event date： 2021.8.21 - 2021.8.22

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2021.6.22 - 2021.6.25

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：San Diego, CA (online conference)  

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Event date： 2021.6.5 - 2021.6.6

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：Kagawa  

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Event date： 2021.5.18 - 2021.5.21

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：Matsumoto, Nagano  

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Event date： 2021.4.24 - 2021.4.28

Language：English   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

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Event date： 2021.3.26 - 2021.3.28

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：Yokohama  

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Event date： 2021.2.12 - 2021.2.14

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2021.1.27 - 2021.1.29

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：Saga  

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Event date： 2020.12.16 - 2020.12.18

Language：English   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：Boston, MA (online conference)  

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Event date： 2020.12.16 - 2020.12.18

Language：English   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：Boston, MA (online conference)  

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Event date： 2020.11.19 - 2020.11.21

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：Kyoto  

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Event date： 2020.11.1 - 2020.11.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：Osaka  

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Event date： 2020.10.15 - 2020.10.17

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：Okayama  

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Event date： 2020.8.23 - 2020.9.24

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：Yokohama  

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Event date： 2020.8.23 - 2020.9.24