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Grant amount：\3900000 （ Direct expense: \3000000 、 Indirect expense：\900000 ）

本年度は、前年度の本研究の基礎を整備するための文献調査、ヒアリング調査を基礎に、わが国医療提供体制の現状と課題を競争政策の視点から把握したうえで、わが国法制度及び運用について、課題解決のための政策提言をまとめ、研究成果を公表した。第一に、邦文による研究成果である。本研究申請時点では、新型コロナウイルス対応が問題となっていなかったため、当初の計画においては、新型コロナウイルス対応を想定していなかったが、本研究テーマに関してわが国が直面する課題として、本研究においても、新型コロナウイルス対応に関する文献およびヒアリング調査を行った。以上の調査及び研究をふまえた研究として、新型コロナウイルス対応を契機として明確になった課題を含め、本研究テーマについての政策提言を行った研究成果（「持続可能な医療提供体制の構築と競争政策―新型コロナウイルス感染症対応を契機としてー」(2002年1月)）を公表した。第二の研究成果は、新型コロナウイルス対応がもたらす課題を含みつつ、人口減少社会における競争政策の視点から、競争と連携に焦点をあてて、政策提言を行った論文("Competition and Cooperation: Building a Sustainable Healthcare Delivery System in a Society with a Declining Population")（2022）である。
以上のように、今年度は、前年度の文献およびヒアリング調査をふまえたうえでの検討結果を、邦文及び英文として研究成果を公表したことは、前年度における研究成果、すなわち、わが国法制度における考察の視点、課題の明確化をふまえたうえでの研究成果の公表であると評価することができ、研究期間において当初の計画どおり、研究を進めることができた、といえる。

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Grant amount：\28470000 （ Direct expense: \21900000 、 Indirect expense：\6570000 ）

The purposes of this research were to study the status quo of the market which is dominated by a few powerful industries and also to study how the legal control by Business Act and Antitrust Act should be applied.
The conclusions of this research were as follows.
(1) Individual Business Act and Antitrust Act can be applied to the same enterprise.
(2) If action control is not enough, then structural control should be introduced.
(3) Control against the abuse of the market power should be legalized.

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Grant amount：\3140000 （ Direct expense: \2900000 、 Indirect expense：\240000 ）

The objective of this study is to make some concrete policy proposal on the legal regulation of medical services in the local area especially in the perspective of competition policy issue with the rapid progress of IT in the medical services. This project starts from the research of the current legal regulations in the field of the medical services. Under the fifth revision of the Medical Service Act in 2006, public announcement system of the information of medical practices has established and conducted the review of the regulation of the advertisement of medical professions including doctors and dentist. As the achievement of this research, I published two thesis on the above institutional changes made by the revision of the Medical Service Act from perspective of preserving the quality of the information of the medical services by correcting the asymmetry of information existing between the medical professions and patients. These articles are of great significance in the sense that they are the first legal analysis of the revised Medical Service Act from the competition policy perspective. In the process of this project, I have made interviews with doctors, the leaders of some patient groups, professors in the field of competition law, micro economics, and the Medical Service Act. I also have made some comparative legal study of the competition policy in the U. S and the United Kingdom. This project was going to research on the competition issue of securing the interoperability of digital patient filing system which was going to promote inthe field of local medical services, but due to the slow pace of adapting of the digital patient filing system, the theme has not been studied sufficiently. This theme is to be discussed continuously as a future academic issue.

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Grant amount：\2900000 （ Direct expense: \2900000 ）

The objective of this study is to make an concrete policy on the legal regulation of professions advertisement in Japan, mainly on the field of lawyer's advertisement. I have adopted, comparative, and economic approach in the process.
As study of current practice of lawyer's advertisement, I made some interview with lawyers and the leaders of consumer organization on the issue of the current restriction.
Some interviews and some related literature have shown that after liberalization of advertisement rule, quantity of advertisement has not increased so much and that users have complained insufficient information on special field of lawyers.
As comparative, legal study, I made research on the case law in the U.S. in the field of professional advertisement including the elaborate analysis of the recent leading supreme court case ("California Dental Association case"). On the other hand, the reform in the regulations on the professions is under way in the E.U. I made comprehensive study on the regulation reform in general in the E.U. I also made research on the theoretical ground of the reform, and the current content of regulation in England, Germany, and Italy.
In addition, in my economic study, I have found that empirical evidence in the U.S. literature, has shown that while certain restrictions on professional advertisement tend to raise prices, the restrictions studied did not generally increase the quality of available goods and services.
As achievement of this study, I am going to publish some thesis on the current case law in the U.S., the current regulation reform in E.U. and the desirable legal regulation on professional advertisement in Japan (some are in print).

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Grant amount：\16000000 （ Direct expense: \16000000 ）

We found that the network of legal service providers (including legal professions and others, such as administrative agencies) developed in regions/communities had three features : partiality, informality, and voluntariness. We also found that, in order to deliver higher quality of legal services to the users in regions/communities, each legal profession needed to establish a more comprehensive network of legal services. Under this premise, we tried to design such a comprehensive network model, which aids both legal service providers and users to associate with each other in developing quality of and accessibility to legal services. It required us, at the same time, to re-construct the legal service model itself.
In our model, legal professions would collaborate with each other more closely on promotion of understanding of each other and on exchanging information between the professions. It would provide the legal professions with the possibility that they response more efficiently to the citizens and businesses within the region, who need comprehensive legal services. It would be accomplished not offered by one kind of profession (such as a legal advice offered by an attorney), but based on multi-disciplinary legal services (such as a cumulated advice by an attorney and a tax lawyer). In this context, it is necessary for the network of legal professions not only to respond the expectations that citizens and businesses apparently raise, but also to dig out their underlying needs and to secure them for their own benefits.
The academic is included within our model. It is to play a unique role to give the legal service providers long-term solutions and advices on the delivery system of legal services, based on the analysis of kinds of information and data offered by the legal professions, the administrative agencies, and the NGOs.

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