Faculty Profiles - NAKADA Eiji

Papers - NAKADA Eiji

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Liquid Biopsy Targeting Monocarboxylate Transporter 1 on the Surface Membrane of Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles from Synovial Sarcoma. International journal

Suguru Yokoo, Tomohiro Fujiwara, Aki Yoshida, Koji Uotani, Takuya Morita, Masahiro Kiyono, Joe Hasei, Eiji Nakata, Toshiyuki Kunisada, Shintaro Iwata, Tsukasa Yonemoto, Koji Ueda, Toshifumi Ozaki

Cancers 13 ( 8 ) 2021.4

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

The lack of noninvasive biomarkers that can be used for tumor monitoring is a major problem for soft-tissue sarcomas. Here we describe a sensitive analytical technique for tumor monitoring by detecting circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) of patients with synovial sarcoma (SS). The proteomic analysis of purified EVs from SYO-1, HS-SY-II, and YaFuSS identified 199 common proteins. DAVID GO analysis identified monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) as a surface marker of SS-derived EVs, which was also highly expressed in SS patient-derived EVs compared with healthy individuals. MCT1+CD9+ EVs were also detected from SS-bearing mice and their expression levels were significantly correlated with tumor volume (p = 0.003). Furthermore, serum levels of MCT1+CD9+ EVs reflected tumor burden in SS patients. Immunohistochemistry revealed that MCT1 was positive in 96.7% of SS specimens and its expression on the cytoplasm/plasma membrane was significantly associated with worse overall survival (p = 0.002). Silencing of MCT1 reduced the cellular viability, and migration and invasion capability of SS cells. This work describes a new liquid biopsy technique to sensitively monitor SS using circulating MCT1+CD9+ EVs and indicates the therapeutic potential of MCT1 in SS.

DOI： 10.3390/cancers13081823

Immunotherapy for sarcomas. International journal

Eiji Nakata, Tomohiro Fujiwara, Toshiyuki Kunisada, Tastuo Ito, Shota Takihira, Toshifumi Ozaki

Japanese journal of clinical oncology 51 ( 4 ) 523 - 537 2021.4

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of malignancies of mesenchymal origin; their molecular and genomic mechanisms differ with regard to histology. These characteristics lead to the presentation of varied immunological profiles based on the tumor microenvironment. Various immunotherapies are considered for the treatment of sarcoma. These treatments are performed either in isolation or in combination with other methods such as cytotoxic chemotherapy or the use of molecular target agents. Among these, two recently emerging immunotherapies include T-cell receptor gene therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, which are expected to be effective for many types of sarcoma. A sarcoma with a disease-specific translocation and a limited number of mutations, such as synovial sarcoma, expresses high levels of self-antigens, like the New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma 1, which has been targeted in T-cell receptor gene therapy. On the other hand, sarcomas with a greater number of mutations, such as undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas, myxofibrosarcoma and dedifferentiated liposarcomas, can be good candidates for immune checkpoint inhibitors. Among immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies, programmed cell death-1 blockade (nivolumab and pembrolizumab) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 blockade (ipilimumab) have been investigated most often in sarcoma. Although the sole use of immune checkpoint inhibitors provides limited efficacy, combined immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors or molecular target agents, especially antiangiogenic agents, has shown moderate results against some types of sarcoma, such as the alveolar soft part sarcoma. Several clinical trials utilizing immunotherapy, including T-cell receptor gene therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors, in sarcomas are under progress. By clarifying the tumor microenvironment and biomarker-predictive capacity of immunotherapy in sarcomas, better clinical trials can be designed; this could lead to improved outcomes for immunotherapy in sarcoma.

DOI： 10.1093/jjco/hyab005

【骨・軟部腫瘍のマネジメント(その1)】診断組織・遺伝子診断骨・軟部腫瘍におけるリキッドバイオプシーの開発

藤原智洋, 中田英二, 国定俊之, 尾崎敏文

別冊整形外科 ( 79 ) 63 - 69 2021.4

Language：Japanese Publisher：(株)南江堂

＜文献概要＞はじめに-リキッドバイオプシーとはリキッドバイオプシーとは,血液,尿,唾液などの体液中に含まれる細胞,核酸,蛋白質,代謝物などの生体分子の解析から病態の把握をめざす病態診断技術の総称である.この用語は,2010年代に血液中に存在する循環腫瘍細胞(circulating tumor cells:CTC)の検出による診断法に与えられたものであり,その後,核酸,蛋白質,代謝物などのさまざまな生体分子を対象とした解析法に対しても用いられるようになっている.現在では,循環腫瘍DNA(circulating tumor DNA:ctDNA),疾患特異的なマイクロRNA(microRNA:miRNA)などの核酸分子や,癌細胞由来のエクソソームの検出による疾患診断法の開発が精力的にすすめられている(図1).リキッドバイオプシーは非侵襲的かつ簡便に施行することができ,同一症例に対して繰り返し施行することが可能であるため,診断だけでなく治療効果や予後の予測に有用であり,次世代の診断技術の基盤として期待が集まっている.骨・軟部腫瘍には,消化器癌,前立腺癌,婦人科癌などの存在診断,治療効果予測,再発リスクの予測,術後再発のモニタリングなどに用いられる血液腫瘍マーカーがきわめて少ない.2012年の『軟部腫瘍診療ガイドライン』では,「臨床検査値で異常を示す腫瘍は?」というクリニカルクエスチョンに対して「軟部腫瘍で特異的な腫瘍マーカーは一般的にはない」と記載されている.癌腫と同様に乳酸脱水素酵素(LDH)の上昇を認めることがあるが,一般的には腫瘍サイズの大きな高悪性度軟部肉腫,あるいは多発性に転移して進行した軟部肉腫に限られる.このような背景から,肉腫細胞由来の生体分子を用いたリキッドバイオプシーの開発は,骨・軟部腫瘍の診療における新しいブレイクスルーとなる可能性があり,研究開発が精力的に行われている.本稿では,リキッドバイオプシーの骨・軟部腫瘍における研究開発の動向を生体分子別に述べ,本法の将来展望について論じる.

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肺がん周術期における身体機能の推移

濱田麻紀子, 明崎禎輝, 冨永律子, 黒河英彰, 中田英二, 山下素弘, 杉原進介

保健医療学雑誌 12 ( 1 ) 45 - 51 2021.4

Language：Japanese Publisher：保健医療学学会

【目的】本研究では、肺葉切除術を施行された患者を対象として、入院中におけるリハビリテーション実施後の身体機能の推移を検討した。また術前慢性閉塞性肺疾患(Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease:COPD)合併の有無による違いも分析した。【方法】肺葉切除術を施行しリハビリテーションを実施した35例(開胸8例/Video assisted thoracoscopic surgery 27例、平均年齢69.5歳)を対象とし、術前、術後7日目の骨格筋量、握力、6分間歩行距離の推移とCOPD合併有無による差異を検討した。【結果】術後の骨格筋量に関して四肢骨格筋指数の有意な低下(p=0.108)は認めなかったが、部位別に検討すると下肢筋指数は有意に低下(p=0.003)していた。また握力(p=0.012)、6分間歩行距離(p<0.0001)もそれぞれ有意な低下を認めた。COPD合併有無による各項目の差異は認めなかった。【結論】肺葉切除患者において、運動耐容能に加えて上肢筋指数、下肢筋指数の評価の重要性が明らかになった。また軽症、中等症COPD合併患者では、骨格筋指数や運動耐容能にはCOPD合併の有無の影響が少ないことが示された。(著者抄録)

【骨・軟部腫瘍のマネジメント(その1)】治療総論免疫療法肉腫における免疫療法

中田英二, 藤原智洋, たき平将太, 国定俊之, 尾崎敏文

別冊整形外科 ( 79 ) 149 - 157 2021.4

Language：Japanese Publisher：(株)南江堂

＜文献概要＞はじめに肉腫における免疫療法の歴史は古く,1891年,William Coley博士は切除不能で転移性の肉腫の患者において免疫療法の効果を最初に示した.その後,免疫調節薬,ワクチンなどさまざまな免疫療法が開発され,最近は免疫チェックポイント阻害薬(immune-check point inhibitor:ICI)や活性化自己リンパ球輸注療法などの有望な治療法が登場している(表1).本稿では肉腫の免疫療法についてレビューを行う.

Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2021&ichushi_jid=J04037&link_issn=&doc_id=20210514600029&doc_link_id=10.15106%2Fj_besei79_149&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.15106%2Fj_besei79_149&type=%88%E3%8F%91.jp_%83I%81%5B%83%8B%83A%83N%83Z%83X&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00024_2.gif

【骨・軟部腫瘍のマネジメント(その1)】総論診療体制サルコーマセンター設立と腫瘍内科医との連携集約化と地域連携

国定俊之, 中田英二, 藤原智洋, 久保寿夫, 西森久和, 田端雅弘, 尾崎敏文

別冊整形外科 ( 79 ) 7 - 12 2021.4

Language：Japanese Publisher：(株)南江堂

＜文献概要＞はじめにわが国では歴史的に整形外科が中心となって肉腫(サルコーマ)の治療方針を決め,主に手術と化学療法を担当してきた.一方,欧米では腫瘍内科が肉腫の化学療法を担当することが一般的であり,わが国の治療状況とは大きく異なる.肉腫治療例の増加とともに進行例が増加し,新規治療薬も開発され,整形外科医のみで治療していくことがむずかしくなってきた.また,化学療法以外にも,肉腫の診断,手術には多くの診療科の協力が必要で,多職種による集学的医療チームによる治療が重要である.当院では肉腫患者によりよい治療を提供する目的で,2014年4月に大学病院の診療部門としては日本ではじめてサルコーマセンターを設立した.本稿では,当院サルコーマセンターの活動を紹介する.

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【骨・軟部腫瘍のマネジメント(その1)】診断組織・遺伝子診断肉腫におけるがんゲノム医療の意義

中田英二, 藤原智洋, 国定俊之, 尾崎敏文, 遠西大輔, 冨田秀太, 平沢晃, 二川摩周, 武田達明

別冊整形外科 ( 79 ) 75 - 83 2021.4

Language：Japanese Publisher：(株)南江堂

＜文献概要＞はじめにがんにはさまざまな遺伝子異常を認め,同一のがん種でも発現する遺伝子が異なることが少なくない.最近,次世代シークエンサー(next generation sequencer:NGS)を用いて遺伝子異常を同時多重性(マルチプレックス)に検出するがん遺伝子パネルが登場した.がんゲノム医療では,がん遺伝子パネルで同定した遺伝子変異に基づいて薬剤を選択する,精密医療(precision medicine)が行われる.本稿では,肉腫におけるゲノム医療の意義について述べる.

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Role of Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Sarcomas. International journal

Tomohiro Fujiwara, John Healey, Koichi Ogura, Aki Yoshida, Hiroya Kondo, Toshiaki Hata, Miho Kure, Hiroshi Tazawa, Eiji Nakata, Toshiyuki Kunisada, Toshiyoshi Fujiwara, Toshifumi Ozaki

Cancers 13 ( 5 ) 2021.3

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Sarcomas are complex tissues in which sarcoma cells maintain intricate interactions with their tumor microenvironment. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a major component of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in the tumor microenvironment and have a dominant role as orchestrators of tumor-related inflammation. TAMs promote tumor growth and metastasis, stimulate angiogenesis, mediate immune suppression, and limit the antitumor activity of conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Evidence suggests that the increased infiltration of TAMs and elevated expression of macrophage-related genes are associated with poor prognoses in most solid tumors, whereas evidence of this in sarcomas is limited. Based on these findings, TAM-targeted therapeutic strategies, such as inhibition of CSF-1/CSF-1R, CCL2/CCR2, and CD47/SIRPα, have been developed and are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. While most of the therapeutic challenges that target sarcoma cells have been unsuccessful and the prognosis of sarcomas has plateaued since the 1990s, several clinical trials of these strategies have yielded promising results and warrant further investigation to determine their translational benefit in sarcoma patients. This review summarizes the roles of TAMs in sarcomas and provides a rationale and update of TAM-targeted therapy as a novel treatment approach for sarcomas.

DOI： 10.3390/cancers13051086

【希少がん-がん診療の新たな課題-】希少がん疾患各論骨軟部腫瘍・肉腫骨肉腫

国定俊之, 中田英二, 藤原智洋, 尾崎敏文

日本臨床 79 ( 増刊1 希少がん ) 454 - 461 2021.3

(IV章)骨軟部骨腫瘍原発性悪性骨腫瘍の治療指針

国定俊之, 中田英二, 尾崎敏文

整形外科学レビュー 2021-'22 228 - 232 2021.3

肉腫のがん遺伝子パネル

中田英二, 国定俊之, 藤原智洋, 尾崎敏文

中部日本整形外科災害外科学会雑誌 64 ( 春季学会 ) 183 - 183 2021.3

Investigation of Factors Affecting Early Quality of Life of Patients after Breast Cancer Surgery. International journal

Yoshiteru Akezaki, Eiji Nakata, Masato Kikuuchi, Ritsuko Tominaga, Hideaki Kurokawa, Masaki Okamoto, Makiko Hamada, Kenjiro Aogi, Shozo Ohsumi, Shinsuke Sugihara

Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) 9 ( 2 ) 2021.2

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate factors related to early quality of life (QOL) three months after surgery in breast cancer patients with axillary lymph node dissection. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 195 consecutive patients who underwent axillary lymph node dissection for breast cancer. Age, body mass index, level of lymph node dissection, marriage, children, co-resident household members, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, postoperative chemotherapy, postoperative hormonal therapy, postoperative radiotherapy, upper limb function (disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH)), and QOL (European Organization for the Treatment and Research of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30)) were evaluated. For each item of the EORTC QLQ-C30, compared with preoperative status and three months after surgery, those who improved or remained unchanged in the three months after surgery were classified as the maintenance and improved groups, and those with worsening status were classified as the worsened group. RESULTS: Age, level of lymph node dissection, DASH, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, postoperative chemotherapy, and postoperative radiotherapy were significantly associated with QOL (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The early QOL of postoperative patients with breast cancer is affected by multiple factors, such as upper limb function and postoperative chemotherapy, and thus comprehensive intervention is required.

DOI： 10.3390/healthcare9020213

Short-Term Impact of Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery on Lung Function, Physical Function, and Quality of Life. International journal

Yoshiteru Akezaki, Eiji Nakata, Ritsuko Tominaga, Orie Iwata, Juichi Kawakami, Tetsuya Tsuji, Tsuyoshi Ueno, Motohiro Yamashita, Shinsuke Sugihara

Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) 9 ( 2 ) 2021.2

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Background: Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) has been increasingly used as an approach for lung lobectomy. However, the recovery of respiratory and physical function may be insufficient at discharge because the average length of hospital stay is decreasing after surgery. In this study, we investigated the changes in physical function, lung function, and quality of life (QOL) of lung cancer patients after VATS, and factors for QOL were also evaluated. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 41 consecutive patients who underwent video-assisted lung lobectomy for lung cancer. Rehabilitation was performed both before and after surgery. Lung function testing, physical function testing (timed up and go test (TUG) and the 30-s chair-stand test (CS-30)), and QOL (EORTC QLQ-C30) were measured before and 1 week after surgery. RESULTS: Postoperative VC recovered to 76.3% ± 15.6% 1 week after surgery. TUG, CS-30, and QOL were significantly worse after surgery (p < 0.05). Lung function and physical function were found to affect QOL. Postoperative complications included pneumonia in 1 patient. There were no patients who discontinued rehabilitation. CONCLUSION: Our rehabilitation program was safe and useful for patients after VATS.

DOI： 10.3390/healthcare9020136

Influence of and Risk Factors for Axillary Web Syndrome Following Surgery for Breast Cancer.

Yoshiteru Akezaki, Eiji Nakata, Masato Kikuuchi, Ritsuko Tominaga, Hideaki Kurokawa, Makiko Hamada, Kenjiro Aogi, Shozo Ohsumi, Shinsuke Sugihara

Acta medica Okayama 75 ( 1 ) 39 - 44 2021.2

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

In this study, we examined whether axillary web syndrome (AWS) in patients with breast cancer following axil-lary lymph node dissection affects range of motion (ROM), upper extremity function, and quality of life (QOL). The risk factors for AWS were also evaluated in a total of 238 consecutive breast cancer patients follow-ing axillary lymph node dissection. At 1, 2, and 3 months after surgery, there were no significant differences between the AWS group and the non-AWS group in upper-limb function or QOL. At 2 months after surgery, shoulder flexion and abduction ROM were significantly higher in the AWS group than in the non-AWS group (p < 0.05). Self-training time at home was not significantly different between the groups at 1, 2, or 3 months. Only age was a significant predictor of AWS at 1 month after surgery (p < 0.05). The AWS group in the present study did not have worse results for shoulder joint ROM, upper-limb function, and QOL than the non-AWS group. Younger age should be useful for predicting the development of AWS in the early postoperative period.

DOI： 10.18926/AMO/61432

神経線維腫症1型に合併した後腹膜悪性末梢神経鞘腫瘍の1例

宗田大二郎, 岩田健宏, 定平卓也, 富永悠介, 片山聡, 西村慎吾, 高本篤, 佐古智子, 枝村康平, 小林泰之, 荒木元朗, 渡部昌実, 渡邉豊彦, 那須保友, 中田英二, 柳井広之

西日本泌尿器科 82 ( 6 ) 596 - 600 2021.2

Language：Japanese Publisher：西日本泌尿器科学会

症例は30代,女性。過去に左腋窩皮膚生検で神経線維腫と診断され,特徴的な皮膚所見や家族歴などから神経線維腫症1型(NF-1;von Recklinghausen病)を疑われていたが放置していた。20XX年2月に右大腿部痛,背部痛を主訴に近医を受診しMRI,造影CTで約13cm大の後腹膜腫瘤を指摘され,L2神経根からの発生と脊柱管内の浸潤も疑われ,神経線維腫の疑いとして手術目的に当科紹介された。合同での手術が必要と考えられたため,整形外科に紹介しMRIガイド下生検で悪性末梢神経鞘腫瘍の可能性を示唆された。同年6月に腫瘍の動脈塞栓術施行後に右後腹膜腫瘍摘出術を施行し,病理結果から悪性末梢神経鞘腫瘍と診断された。術後10ヵ月現在再発認めず,外来通院中である。後腹膜原発腫瘍において悪性末梢神経鞘腫瘍は極めて稀な症例であり,有効な治療法は確立されていない。今回,後腹膜原発の悪性末梢神経鞘腫瘍の1例を経験したので,若干の文献的考察を加えて報告する。(著者抄録)

Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2021210988

PRRX1 promotes malignant properties in human osteosarcoma. International journal

Ryoji Joko, Daisuke Yamada, Masahiro Nakamura, Aki Yoshida, Shota Takihira, Tomoka Takao, Ming Lu, Kohei Sato, Tatsuo Ito, Toshiyuki Kunisada, Eiji Nakata, Toshifumi Ozaki, Takeshi Takarada

Translational oncology 14 ( 1 ) 100960 - 100960 2021.1

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Paired related homeobox 1 (PRRX1) is a marker of limb bud mesenchymal cells, and deficiency of p53 or Rb in Prrx1-positive cells induces osteosarcoma in several mouse models. However, the regulatory roles of PRRX1 in human osteosarcoma have not been defined. In this study, we performed PRRX1 immunostaining on 35 human osteosarcoma specimens to assess the correlation between PRRX1 level and overall survival. In patients with osteosarcoma, the expression level of PRRX1 positively correlated with poor prognosis or the ratio of lung metastasis. Additionally, we found PRRX1 expression on in 143B cells, a human osteosarcoma line with a high metastatic capacity. Downregulation of PRRX1 not only suppressed proliferation and invasion but also increased the sensitivity to cisplatin and doxorubicin. When 143B cells were subcutaneously transplanted into nude mice, PRRX1 knockdown decreased tumor sizes and rates of lung metastasis. Interestingly, forskolin, a chemical compound identified by Connectivity Map analysis using RNA expression signatures during PRRX1 knockdown, decreased tumor proliferation and cell migration to the same degree as PRRX1 knockdown. These results demonstrate that PRRX1 promotes tumor malignancy in human osteosarcoma.

DOI： 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100960

Factors associated with return to work of breast cancer patients following axillary lymph node dissection. International journal

Yoshiteru Akezaki, Eiji Nakata, Masato Kikuuchi, Ritsuko Tominaga, Hideaki Kurokawa, Makiko Hamada, Kenjiro Aogi, Shozo Ohsumi, Shinsuke Sugihara

Work (Reading, Mass.) 70 ( 1 ) 271 - 277 2021

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

BACKGROUND: The identification of factors that are related to return to work after surgery for breast cancer could help healthcare professionals accurately identify patients at risk of return to work-related difficulties in order to provide them with appropriate support during breast cancer management. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify factors related to return to work in breast cancer patients three months after axillary lymph node dissection. METHODS: Seventy-three women who were working before the surgery were evaluated. Age, body mass index, level of lymph node dissection, marital status, children, co-resident household members, preoperative chemotherapy, postoperative chemotherapy, postoperative hormonal therapy, postoperative radiotherapy, shoulder range of motion, upper limb function (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand; DASH), and work were evaluated. Patients who had returned to work constituted the return to work group, and those who had not returned to work constituted the no return to work group. RESULTS: Of the patients, 36 returned to work at three months. Logistic regression analysis including the five variables showed that shoulder flexion range of motion and DASH were significantly associated with return to work (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The observation that the symptoms and limitations of upper limb function and shoulder flexion range of motion affect return to work may indicate the importance of postoperative rehabilitation in breast cancer patients following axillary lymph node dissection.

DOI： 10.3233/WOR-213571

Radiographic and clinical assessment of unidirectional porous hydroxyapatite to treat benign bone tumors. International journal

Toshiyuki Kunisada, Joe Hasei, Tomohiro Fujiwara, Eiji Nakata, Suguru Yokoo, Koji Demiya, Toshifumi Ozaki

Scientific reports 10 ( 1 ) 21578 - 21578 2020.12

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Unidirectional porous hydroxyapatite (UDPHAp) was developed as an excellent scaffold with unidirectional pores oriented in the horizontal direction with interpore connections. The purpose of this study was to assess radiographic changes and clinical outcomes and complications following UDPHAp implantation to treat benign bone tumors. We retrospectively analyzed 44 patients treated with intralesional resection and UDPHAp implantation for benign bone tumors between 2010 and 2015. Clinical and radiographic findings were evaluated postoperatively at regular follow-up visits. The mean follow-up was 49 months. Radiographic changes were classified into five stages based on bone formation in the implanted UDPHAp according to Tamai's classification. All patients showed excellent bone formation inside and around implanted UDPHAp. Absorption of UDPHAp and bone marrow cavity remodeling was identified in 20 patients at a mean of 17 months postoperatively, and was significantly more common in young patients. Preoperative cortical thinning was completely regenerated in 26 of 31 patients on average 10 months after surgery. There were no cases of delayed wound healing, postoperative infection, or allergic reaction related to implanted UDPHAp. UDPHAp is a useful bone-filling substitute for treating benign bone tumor, and the use of this material has a low complication rate.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-020-78409-9

内科疾患患者における理学療法介入に必要なアセスメント(Part 6) がん・腫瘍疾患の理学療法介入に必要なフィジカルアセスメント

明崎禎輝, 中田英二

理学療法ジャーナル 54 ( 12 ) 1454 - 1456 2020.12

Language：Japanese Publisher：(株)医学書院

＜文献概要＞はじめに現在,がん罹患者は増加しているものの,化学療法など治療の進歩で生存率が向上している.がんのリハビリテーションは,手術前後の介入だけでなく,化学療法・放射線治療による体力の低下・維持に対する介入も求められる.終末期の患者では,ADL向上によって満足度が高まる.また,「がんロコモ」も注目され,リハビリテーションの必要性が広がっている.本稿では,進行がん患者を対象に,高額な機器を用いず実施可能なフィジカルアセスメントを述べる.

Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2020&ichushi_jid=J02268&link_issn=&doc_id=20201202080024&doc_link_id=10.11477%2Fmf.1551202150&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.11477%2Fmf.1551202150&type=%88%E3%8F%91.jp_%83I%81%5B%83%8B%83A%83N%83Z%83X&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00024_2.gif

What Are the Results of Resection of Localized Dedifferentiated Liposarcomas in the Extremities? International journal

Eiji Nakata, Toshiyuki Kunisada, Joe Hasei, Ryuichi Nakahara, Hiroyuki Yanai, Tomohiro Toji, Hirofumi Inoue Ct, Toshifumi Ozaki

Clinical orthopaedics and related research 478 ( 11 ) 2550 - 2561 2020.11

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

BACKGROUND: Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) is a rare malignancy that transitions from an atypical lipomatous tumor to a sarcoma with a variable morphologic appearance. The behavior of this tumor in the retroperitoneum is aggressive, but the behavior of DDLPS in the extremities is less well-defined because it is rare. Few reports have assessed the imaging features and clinical outcomes of primary DDLPS in the extremities. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: In patients with primary DDLPS of the extremity, we asked the following questions: (1) How frequently do additional primary malignancies occur in patients with DDLPS? (2) What is the rate of overall survival, metastases, and local recurrence in DDLPS? (3) What factors are associated with metastasis-free survival and local recurrence in DDLPS? METHODS: We defined DDLPS as a biphasic neoplasm that transitions from an atypical lipomatous tumor (ALT) to a sarcoma of variable morphologic appearance and histologic grades. We retrospectively evaluated the medical records of patients with DDLPS of the extremities who underwent surgery in our institution between 2003 and 2017. During that time, 16 patients were treated for this diagnosis; one was excluded from this study because the patient did not have an MRI, leaving 15 patients (nine men, six women; their median [range] age was 67 years [42 to 87]) for evaluation. All had a minimum of 2 years follow-up (median [range] 54 months [25 to 136]); 14 of 15 have been seen in the last 5 years (one patient, who was doing well at the time, was lost after 9 years of follow-up). In 11 patients, MRI demonstrated two components: an ALT component with high intensity on both T1-weighed and T2-weighted sequences and a dedifferentiated component low-to-intermediate intensity on T1-weighed and heterogeneous hyperintensity on T2-weighted sequence. Nine patients were evaluated using 2-deoxy-2-18F-fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) combined with CT (PET/CT). PET/CT showed a biphasic pattern with a close relationship to MRI findings. The dedifferentiated component presented with high FDG uptake (median [range] maximum standardized uptake value 5.1 [1.9 to 22.6]), while the atypical lipomatous tumor component showed almost no FDG uptake. In all patients, immunohistochemical studies of p16 and cyclin-dependent kinase-4 (CDK4) were investigated. Positive staining for both p16 and CDK4 were seen in 13 of 15 patients.We retrospectively evaluated the electronic medical records of all patients in our institution for the presence of additional primary malignancies, local recurrence-free survival, metastasis-free survival, and overall survival. The survival rate was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The Wilcoxon exact test was used to determine the prognostic importance of the following survival variables: age, sex, maximum tumor size, radiotherapy, and surgical margin. RESULTS: Seven additional primary malignancies developed in five of 15 patients (two lung cancers, two sarcomas, one renal cell cancer, one uterine cancer, and one non-Hodgkin lymphoma). The 3- and 5-year metastasis-free survival rates were 86% (95% CI 0.67 to 1.00) and 75% (95% CI 0.49 to 1.00), respectively. With the numbers available, we found no factors associated with metastasis-free survival. The 3- and 5-year overall survival rates were 100% (95% CI 1.00 to 1.00) and 88% (95% CI 0.65 to 1.00), respectively. Three of 15 patients had local recurrence. The 3- and 5-year local recurrence-free survival rates were 86% (95% CI 0.67 to 1.00) and 75% (95% CI 0.49 to 1.00), respectively. Large (> 15 cm) tumors were more likely to have a local recurrence (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: In this small series, we found that the extremities are a favorable site for DDLPS compared with the retroperitoneum, although we did not directly compare the two sites. This rare tumor has a relatively high likelihood of being associated with other malignancies. We believe patients should be assessed and monitored carefully for this possibility. In the future, larger studies are needed to better define predictors of local recurrence, although the tumor's size may be associated with a greater propensity for local recurrence. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level II, prognostic study.

DOI： 10.1097/CORR.0000000000001338

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