Faculty Profiles - ADACHI Minoru

Objectively Measured Sedentary Behavior, Obesity, and Psychological Well-Being: A Cross-Sectional Study of Japanese Schoolchildren

Kaori Ishii, Ai Shibata, Minoru Adachi, Yoshiyuki Mano, Koichiro Oka

JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY & HEALTH 14 ( 4 ) 270 - 274 2017.4

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC

Background: Sedentary behaviors (SB) are associated with health indicators; however, there are currently very few studies that have examined these associations, especially in conjunction with psychological factors, in children. The current study examined the independent relationship between objectively assessed SB, and indicators of obesity and psychological, well-being, among Japanese children. Methods: A total of 967 elementary-school children completed a cross-sectional survey. SB was measured with accelerometers for 7 consecutive days. Psychological well-being data (eg, anxiety and behavior problems) were collected via a self-report questionnaire. To determine the relationship of SB with degree of obesity and psychological well-being, linear regression analyses were conducted to relate the indicators of obesity and psychological well-being on SB, adjusted by gender, grade, percentage of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per day, duration spent wearing the accelerometer, and degree of obesity. Results: SB was significantly related to behavioral/emotional problems (beta = .280, P = .010, R-2 = .015). There was a statistically significant relationship between SB and anxiety (beta = .206, P = .059, R-2 = .007). No significant association with degree of obesity was found. Conclusions: Excess SB relates higher levels of behavioral/emotional problems and anxiety. These results can inspire the development of interventions that promote well-being and enhance psychological health, by focusing on SB in Japanese children.

DOI： 10.1123/jpah.2016-0374

School grade and sex differences in domain-specific sedentary behaviors among Japanese elementary school children: a cross-sectional study

Kaori Ishii, Ai Shibata, Minoru Adachi, Yoshiyuki Mano, Koichiro Oka

BMC PUBLIC HEALTH 17 ( 1 ) 14 - 34 2017.4

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：BIOMED CENTRAL LTD

Background: It is vital to reduce the proportion of sedentary behavior in children. Understanding the duration and behavioral context is needed. The present study examined school-grade and sex differences in domain-specific sedentary times and concurrence with screen-time guidelines among Japanese elementary school children.
Methods: A total of 625 children (330 boys) were surveyed in 2010 and 2014. Using a questionnaire, data regarding participants' grade (first through third grades: lower grades; fourth through six grades: higher grades), sex, weight, and height were collected in addition to the time spent per day engaging in each specific sedentary behavior separately: (1) reading or listening to music, (2) TV or video viewing, (3) TV game use, (4) internet use excluding class, (5) homework, and (6) car travel. Two-way analysis of covariance and logistic regression analyses, adjusted for BMI and moderate to vigorous physical activity, were used to examine school-grade and sex differences in sedentary behaviors and the independent risk of exceeding recommended total daily screen time (< 2 h).
Results: On 625 children, mean minutes (SD) of sedentary behavior per week in (1) - (6) were 90.3 (123.4), 535.0 (356.6), 167.3 (222.1), 23.9 (70.9), 264.9 (185.3), and 33.4 (61.2) in weekdays and 42.1 (70.0), 323.9 (232.0), 123.0 (96.4), 15.8 (49.9), 74.4 (96.4), and 71.3 (84.9) in weekends, respectively. There were differences in the minutes of sedentary behavior between participants of 2010 and 2014; e.g., TV game use and homework in weekdays and weekdays and car travel in weekends. Boys spent more time in TV game use, and girls spent more time reading, listening to music, doing homework, and car travel. Higher-grade students spent more time reading or listening to music, using a computer, and doing homework. Higher-grade students were 2.09 times (95% CI: 1.32 - 3.30) in whole week, 2.08 times (95% CI: 1.45 - 3.00) in weekday, and 1.88 times (95% CI: 1.29 - 2.74) in weekend more likely to spend >= 2 h per day in domains (2) - (4) (screen-time) than lower-grade students.
Conclusions: Time spent engaging in each domain-specific sedentary behavior differed according to sex and school grade. Higher-grade students were less likely to meet screen-time guidelines. These findings highlight the need for domain-focused strategies to decrease sedentary behavior in Japanese school-age children.

DOI： 10.1186/s12889-017-4221-z

Objectively Measured Sedentary Behavior, Obesity, and Psychological Well-Being: A Cross-Sectional Study of Japanese Schoolchildren. International journal

Kaori Ishii, Ai Shibata, Minoru Adachi, Yoshiyuki Mano, Koichiro Oka

Journal of physical activity & health 14 ( 4 ) 270 - 274 2017.4

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

BACKGROUND: Sedentary behaviors (SB) are associated with health indicators; however, there are currently very few studies that have examined these associations, especially in conjunction with psychological factors, in children. The current study examined the independent relationship between objectively assessed SB, and indicators of obesity and psychological well-being, among Japanese children. METHODS: A total of 967 elementary-school children completed a cross-sectional survey. SB was measured with accelerometers for 7 consecutive days. Psychological well-being data (eg, anxiety and behavior problems) were collected via a self-report questionnaire. To determine the relationship of SB with degree of obesity and psychological well-being, linear regression analyses were conducted to relate the indicators of obesity and psychological well-being on SB, adjusted by gender, grade, percentage of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per day, duration spent wearing the accelerometer, and degree of obesity. RESULTS: SB was significantly related to behavioral/emotional problems (β = .280, P = .010, R2 = .015). There was a statistically significant relationship between SB and anxiety (β = .206, P = .059, R2 = .007). No significant association with degree of obesity was found. CONCLUSIONS: Excess SB relates higher levels of behavioral/emotional problems and anxiety. These results can inspire the development of interventions that promote well-being and enhance psychological health, by focusing on SB in Japanese children.

DOI： 10.1123/jpah.2016-0374

平成25〜27年度日本体力医学会プロジェクト研究の概要 Reviewed

石井好二郎, 鈴木和弘, 辻延浩, 堤公一, 長野真弓, 引原有輝, 森田憲輝, 山津幸司, 渡邊將司, 足立稔, 上地広昭, 大島秀武, 笠次良爾, 川勝佐希, 久米大祐, 國土将平, 香村恵介

体力科学 66 ( 1 ) 66 - 66 2017

Association of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior With Psychological Well-Being Among Japanese Children: A Two-Year Longitudinal Study Reviewed

Kaori Ishii, Ai Shibata, Minoru Adachi, Koichiro Oka

PERCEPTUAL AND MOTOR SKILLS 123 ( 2 ) 445 - 459 2016.10

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC

Data on the effect of increased or decreased physical activity on children's psychological status are scarce, and effect sizes are small. This study conducted two-year longitudinal research to identify associations between physical activity, sedentary behavior, and psychological well-being in Japanese school children through a mail survey completed by 292 children aged 6-12 years. Data on sociodemographics, physical activity, sedentary behavior on weekdays and the weekend, and psychometrics (self-efficacy, anxiety, and behavioral/emotional problems) were collected using a self-reported questionnaire. A logistic regression analysis was performed, calculating odds ratios for physical activity, psychometrics, and baseline age and physical activity and sedentary behavior changes. For boys, a negative association was found between increased physical activity outside school and maintained or improved self-efficacy as opposed to a positive association in girls. Increased sedentary behavior on weekdays and long periods of sedentary behavior on weekends were associated with maintained or improved behavioral/emotional problems in girls only. This two-year longitudinal study is the first of its kind conducted in Japan. Although effect sizes were small, these results may nevertheless assist in intervention development to promote psychological well-being.

DOI： 10.1177/0031512516662645

Association of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior With Psychological Well-Being Among Japanese Children: A Two-Year Longitudinal Study. International journal

Kaori Ishii, Ai Shibata, Minoru Adachi, Koichiro Oka

Perceptual and motor skills 123 ( 2 ) 445 - 59 2016.10

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

DOI： 10.1177/0031512516662645

青少年男子の歩・走行時における一軸加速度計の活動強度とmetabolic equivalentsとの関連

笹山健作, 足立稔

体力科学 65 ( 2 ) 265 - 272 2016.4

Association between activity level assessed by a uniaxial accelerometer and metabolic equivalents during walking and running in male youths

Kensaku Sasayama, Minoru Adachi

Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine 65 ( 2 ) 265 - 272 2016

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between activity levels assessed by a uniaxial accelerometer and metabolic equivalents (METs) during walking and running in school students. The participants were elementary (10 boys, 10.3 ± 0.8 years), middle (10 boys, 13.0 ± 0.9 years) and high school students (10 boys, 15.7 ± 0.7 years) who performed treadmill walking (1, 3, and 5 km/h respectively) and running (5, 7, and 9 km/h respectively) trials. Activity levels were assessed using a uniaxial accelerometer (Lifecorder EX
Suzuken Co. Ltd., Nagoya, Japan). Energy expenditure was measured by indirect calorimetry. METs and activity levels indicated by Lifecorder were highly correlated in elementary (y = 0.0432x2 + 0.0914x + 1.786, r = 0.883, p &lt
0.05), middle (y = 0.0781x2 - 0.0262x + 2.1098, r = 0.913, p &lt
0.05), and high (y = 0.0516x2 + 0.1863x + 1.7812, r = 0.876, p &lt
0.05) school students. We confirmed that higher accuracy showed LC5, LC4, and LC4 for elementary, middle, and high school students, respectively. In conclusion, this study suggests that Lifecorder intensity for ≥3 METs physical activity indicate ≥5, ≥4, and ≥4 for elementary, middle, and high school students, respectively.

DOI： 10.7600/jspfsm.65.265

Scopus

Gender and grade differences in objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behavior patterns among Japanese children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study. International journal

Kaori Ishii, Ai Shibata, Minoru Adachi, Keiko Nonoue, Koichiro Oka

BMC public health 15 1254 - 1254 2015.12

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

BACKGROUND: Physical activity levels in childhood have decreased, making the promotion of children's physical activity an important issue. The present study examined gender and grade differences in objectively measured sedentary behavior, physical activity, and physical activity guideline attainment among Japanese children and adolescents. METHODS: In total, 329 boys and 362 girls age 3-15 years completed the survey. School grade, gender, height, and weight were collected by questionnaires and physical activity objectively measured using an accelerometer (Lifecorder Suzuken Co.). Physical activity level (in MET) was classified as sedentary (<1.5), light (≥1.5 to <3), moderate (≥3 to <6), or vigorous (≥6). Continuous zero accelerometer counts for ≥20 min were censored and a valid accelerometry study required at least 3 days (2 weekdays and 1 weekend day) with > 600 min/day total wear time. Two-way analysis of covariance and logistic regression analyses, adjusted for weight status and accelerometer wear time, were used to examine gender and grade differences in physical activity variables and the likelihood of physical activity guideline attainment by gender and grade level. RESULTS: Participants were sedentary 441.4 (SD, 140.1) min/day or 53.7 % of the average daily accelerometer wear time of 811.2 (118.7) min, engaged in light physical activity 307.1 (70.0) min or 38.4 % of wear time, moderate physical activity 34.6 (14.8) min (4.3 %), vigorous physical activity 28.3 (19.1) min (3.6 %), and took 12462.6 (4452.5) steps/day. Boys were more physically active and took more steps/day than girls. Students in higher grades were less active than those in lower grades. Boys were significantly more likely to meet physical activity guidelines than girls (OR: 2.07, 95 % CI: 1.45-2.96). Preschoolers (6.66, 4.01-11.06), lower-grade elementary school students (17.11, 8.80-33.27), and higher-grade elementary school students (7.49, 4.71-11.92) were more likely to meet guidelines than junior high school students. CONCLUSIONS: Boys and lower-grade students engaged in more physical activity and were more likely to attain guidelines than girls and higher-grade students. These findings highlight the need for effective and sustainable strategies to promote physical activity in Japanese school children.

DOI： 10.1186/s12889-015-2607-3

Gender and grade differences in objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behavior patterns among Japanese children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study Reviewed

Kaori Ishii, Ai Shibata, Minoru Adachi, Keiko Nonoue, Koichiro Oka

BMC PUBLIC HEALTH 15 1254 2015.12

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：BIOMED CENTRAL LTD

Background: Physical activity levels in childhood have decreased, making the promotion of children's physical activity an important issue. The present study examined gender and grade differences in objectively measured sedentary behavior, physical activity, and physical activity guideline attainment among Japanese children and adolescents.
Methods: In total, 329 boys and 362 girls age 3-15 years completed the survey. School grade, gender, height, and weight were collected by questionnaires and physical activity objectively measured using an accelerometer (Lifecorder Suzuken Co.). Physical activity level (in MET) was classified as sedentary (<1.5), light (>= 1.5 to <3), moderate (>= 3 to <6), or vigorous (>= 6). Continuous zero accelerometer counts for >= 20 min were censored and a valid accelerometry study required at least 3 days (2 weekdays and 1 weekend day) with >600 min/day total wear time. Two-way analysis of covariance and logistic regression analyses, adjusted for weight status and accelerometer wear time, were used to examine gender and grade differences in physical activity variables and the likelihood of physical activity guideline attainment by gender and grade level.
Results: Participants were sedentary 441.4 (SD, 140.1) min/day or 53.7 % of the average daily accelerometer wear time of 811.2 (118.7) min, engaged in light physical activity 307.1 (70.0) min or 38.4 % of wear time, moderate physical activity 34.6 (14.8) min (4.3 %), vigorous physical activity 28.3 (19.1) min (3.6 %), and took 12462.6 (4452.5) steps/day. Boys were more physically active and took more steps/day than girls. Students in higher grades were less active than those in lower grades. Boys were significantly more likely to meet physical activity guidelines than girls (OR: 2.07, 95 % CI: 1.45-2.96). Preschoolers (6.66, 4.01-11.06), lower-grade elementary school students (17.11, 8.80-33.27), and higher-grade elementary school students (7.49, 4.71-11.92) were more likely to meet guidelines than junior high school students.
Conclusions: Boys and lower-grade students engaged in more physical activity and were more likely to attain guidelines than girls and higher-grade students. These findings highlight the need for effective and sustainable strategies to promote physical activity in Japanese school children.

DOI： 10.1186/s12889-015-2607-3

児童の多日数欠席に関わる生活習慣、身体活動特性および心理的特性の検討

形態と身体組成の組み合わせで分類した中学生の体力と生活習慣の特徴

土井章, 笹山健作, 深山知子, 石井香織, 岡浩一朗, 足立稔

体力科学 64 ( 6 ) 638 - 638 2015.12

長野真弓, 足立稔

発育発達研究 2015 ( 69 ) 14 - 24 2015.11

Language：Japanese Publisher：日本発育発達学会

本研究では、地方都市郊外の公立小学校児童を対象として、不登校の定義に至らない多日数欠席の該当する児童の特徴を生活習慣、身体活動特性および心理的特性の側面から把握するとともに、体力・スクリーンタイムの2つの身体活動特性および心理的特性が多日数欠席といかに関連するかを検討した。その結果、多日数欠席児童の特徴として、生活習慣にかかる問題(朝食欠食・遅い起床時間)に加え、低体力および長いスクリーンタイムといった身体活動特性および抑鬱・不安症状と主観的な学業不振感という好ましくない心理的特性が認められた。さらに、関連項目を調整しても、体力およびスクリーンタイムは互いに依存することなく個々に多日数欠席と関連していた。

DOI： 10.5332/hatsuhatsu.2015.69_14

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Importance of Both Fatness and Aerobic Fitness on Metabolic Syndrome Risk in Japanese Children

Kensaku Sasayama, Eisuke Ochi, Minoru Adachi

PLOS ONE 10 ( 5 ) 2015.5

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE

Associations between body mass index (BMI), peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), and metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk factors have not been adequately studied in Japanese children. Here the relationships between these parameters and the threshold aerobic fitness level necessary for low MetS risk were determined. The participants (299 children; 140 boys and 159 girls, aged 9.1 +/- 0.3 years) were divided into four groups using the medians of predicted VO2peak (pVO2peak) and BMI. MetS risk scores were calculated using z-scores. Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis was used to determine the threshold aerobic fitness level necessary for low MetS risk. The MetS risk score of the High BMI group was significantly higher than that of the Low BMI group for both sexes (p < 0.0001). However, the High BMI/High Fitness group had a significantly lower MetS risk score than the High BMI/Low Fitness group for both sexes. The pVO2peak cut-off values for low MetS risk were 47.9 and 44.9 ml/kg/min for boys and girls, respectively. Our results suggest that improvements in both fatness and aerobic fitness are important for decreasing MetS risk. We also confirmed the pVO2peak of cut-off values necessary for low MetS risk in Japanese children.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0127400

Association of fitness and screentime with psychological stress reactions: An investigation in local public and metropolitan private school children

Mayumi Nagano, Minoru Adachi, Chikako Kakoi, Shuzo Kumagai

Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine 64 ( 1 ) 195 - 206 2015

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

Very few studies have reported an independent association of the physical activityrelated indices with the psychological stress reaction. The present study therefore investigated the association of fitness and screentime as one of the indices of sedentary behavior with the four types of psychological stress reactions and the number of days absent from school for 249 children at a local public school and a metropolitan private school while considering confounding factors. No significant difference was observed in the fitness level of both schools
however, the rate of obesity, the screentime and the level of all psychological stress reactions were significantly worse in the public school. Further, significant differences and trends among the groups classified by fitness level were recognized in the rates of participation in after school activities, feeling of powerlessness and days of absence per year. In addition, the odds ratio of the screentime for depressive and anxiety symptoms was 1.004 (95%CI: 1.000-1.007, p=0.039), while the odds of the fitness level for high feeling of powerlessness and more than five days of absence were 1.582 (95%CI: 1.045-2.396, p=0.030) and 1.434 (95%CI: 1.045-2.396, p=0.015), respectively, after adjusting for the school type, differences in lifestyle and participation in after school activities. In conclusion, the fitness level and the screentime were associated with high psychological stress reactions and the days of absence, independent of the above-mentioned adjusting factors among the children in the present study. Prospective and interventional studies to verify these results are needed.

DOI： 10.7600/jspfsm.64.195

Scopus

Importance of both fatness and aerobic fitness on metabolic syndrome risk in Japanese children. International journal

Kensaku Sasayama, Eisuke Ochi, Minoru Adachi

PloS one 10 ( 5 ) e0127400 2015

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Associations between body mass index (BMI), peak oxygen consumption (VO(2peak)), and metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk factors have not been adequately studied in Japanese children. Here the relationships between these parameters and the threshold aerobic fitness level necessary for low MetS risk were determined. The participants (299 children; 140 boys and 159 girls, aged 9.1 ± 0.3 years) were divided into four groups using the medians of predicted VO(2peak) (pVO(2peak)) and BMI. MetS risk scores were calculated using z-scores. Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis was used to determine the threshold aerobic fitness level necessary for low MetS risk. The MetS risk score of the High BMI group was significantly higher than that of the Low BMI group for both sexes (p < 0.0001). However, the High BMI/High Fitness group had a significantly lower MetS risk score than the High BMI/Low Fitness group for both sexes. The (p)VO(2peak )cut-off values for low MetS risk were 47.9 and 44.9 ml/kg/min for boys and girls, respectively. Our results suggest that improvements in both fatness and aerobic fitness are important for decreasing MetS risk. We also confirmed the (p)VO(2peak) of cut-off values necessary for low MetS risk in Japanese children.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0127400

Relationship between Extracurricular Activities, Habitual Exercise and Academic Achievement : Eighth Grade Students

中学生の首尾一貫感覚(ストレス対処能力)と関連する健康行動・意識の探索

長野真弓, 足立稔

体力科学 63 ( 6 ) 686 - 686 2014.12

Change in attitudes toward endurance running in students with different physical fitness levels

笹山健作, 尾川登太郎, 足立稔

教育実践学論集 = Journal for the science of schooling 15 ( 15 ) 235 - 242 2014.3

56 ( 4 ) 282 - 289 2014

The School Instructive Studies about 'Slow Jogging' Running in Elementary School Children

足立稔, 酒向治子, 笹山健作, 妹尾建一郎, 矢部晃章

研究集録 157 ( 157 ) 61 - 66 2014

Language：Japanese Publisher：岡山大学大学院教育学研究科

本研究では小学生を対象に，意図的にゆっくり走る「スロージョギング」を体育授業に導入する可能性について教育実践的に検討した。研究①では，小学1年から6年生140人を対象に，1回の授業（走行時間は学年に応じて8分～12分，走るスピードは時速4km）を実践し，授業前には形態，体力，運動が好きか嫌いかの調査を，授業前後には持久走に対するイメージ調査（楽か，楽しいか，気持ちいいかをそれぞれ4点満点で評価）を行った。研究②では，小学5年生27人を対象に，3時間（1時目は時速6キロのスピードで5分間を2回，2時目は時速6キロのスピードで続けて15分間，3時目は自分に合っていると思うゆったりしたペースで続けて15分間走る）の単元を組んで授業を行い，単元前後で研究①と同様の持久走に対するイメージ調査と20mシャトルランを行った。その結果，単元（授業）前に比べ後で，持久走に対するイメージが肯定的に変化したことに加え，運動嫌い，低体力や肥満傾向の児童においてこの傾向が顕著であった。また，単元前に比べ後でシャトルラン回数が有意に増え，単元前のシャトルラン回数が少なく有酸素的体力が低い児童ほど単元後に回数が増えていた。

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