記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is considered the third most common type of cancer worldwide. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have been shown to promote drug resistance. Adenosine-to-inosine RNA-editing, as regulated by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR), is a process that induces the posttranscriptional modification of critical oncogenes. The aim of this study is to determine whether the signals from cancer cells would induce RNA-editing in macrophages. METHODS: The effects of RNA-editing on phenotypes in macrophages were analyzed using clinical samples and in vitro and in vivo models. RESULTS: The intensity of the RNA-editing enzyme ADAR1 (Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1) in cancer and mononuclear cells indicated a strong positive correlation between the nucleus and cytoplasm. The ADAR1-positive mononuclear cells were positive for CD68 and CD163, a marker for M2 macrophages. Cancer cells transport pro-inflammatory cytokines or ADAR1 protein directly to macrophages via the exosomes, promoting RNA-editing in AZIN1 (Antizyme Inhibitor 1) and GLI1 (Glioma-Associated Oncogene Homolog 1) and resulting in M2 macrophage polarization. GLI1 RNA-editing in the macrophages induced by cancer cells promotes the secretion of SPP1, which is supplied to the cancer cells. This activates the NFκB pathway in cancer cells, promoting oxaliplatin resistance. When the JAK inhibitors were administered, oncogenic RNA-editing in the macrophages was suppressed. This altered the macrophage polarization from M2 to M1 and decreased oxaliplatin resistance in cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that ADAR1-high TAMs are crucial in regulating drug resistance in CRC and that targeting ADAR1 in TAMs could be a promising treatment approach for overcoming drug resistance in CRC.

DOI： 10.1186/s12943-025-02312-y

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND: The mechanisms by which neutrophils acquire pro-tumor properties remain poorly understood. In pancreatic cancer, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) may interact with neutrophils, directing them to promote tumor progression. METHODS: To validate the association between CAFs and neutrophils, the localization of neutrophils was examined in clinically resected pancreatic cancer specimens. CAFs were produced by culturing in cancer-conditioned media, and the effects of these CAFs on neutrophils were examined. In vitro migration and invasion assays assess the effect of CAF-activated neutrophils on cancer cells. The factors secreted by the activated neutrophils were also explored. Finally, pirfenidone (PFD) was tested to determine whether it could suppress the pro-tumor functions of activated neutrophils. RESULTS: In pancreatic cancer specimens, neutrophils tended to co-localize with IL-6-positive CAFs. Neutrophils co-cultured with CAFs increased migratory capacity and prolonged life span. CAF-affected neutrophils enhance the migratory and invasive activities of pancreatic cancer cells. IL-8 is the most upregulated cytokine secreted by the neutrophils. PFD suppresses IL-8 secretion from CAF-stimulated neutrophils and mitigates the malignant traits of pancreatic cancer cells. CONCLUSION: CAFs activate neutrophils and enhance the malignant phenotype of pancreatic cancer. The interactions between cancer cells, CAFs, and neutrophils can be disrupted by PFD, highlighting a potential therapeutic approach.

DOI： 10.1007/s00262-025-03946-z

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a crucial component in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of peritoneal metastasis (PM), where they contribute to tumor progression and metastasis via secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6). Here, we investigated the role of IL-6 in PM of gastric cancer (GC) and assessed whether anti-IL-6 receptor antibody (anti-IL-6R Ab) could inhibit PM of GC. We conducted immunohistochemical analysis of IL-6 and α-smooth muscle (α-SMA) expressions in clinical samples of GC and PM, and investigated the interactions between CAFs and GC cells in vitro. Anti-tumor effects of anti-IL-6R Ab on PM of GC were investigated in an orthotopic murine PM model. IL-6 expression was significantly correlated with α-SMA expression in clinical samples of GC, and higher IL-6 expression in the primary tumor was associated with poor prognosis of GC. Higher IL-6 and α-SMA expressions were also observed in PM of GC. In vitro, differentiation of fibroblasts into CAFs and chemoresistance were observed in GC cells cocultured with fibroblasts. Anti-IL-6R Ab inhibited the progression of PM in GC cells cocultured with fibroblasts in the orthotopic mouse model but could not inhibit the progression of PM consisting of GC cells alone. IL-6 expression in the TME was associated with poor prognosis of GC, and CAFs were associated with establishment and progression of PM via IL-6. Anti-IL-6R Ab could inhibit PM of GC by the blockade of IL-6 secreted by CAFs, which suggests its therapeutic potential for PM of GC.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-025-88033-0

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial in cancer immunity, because they activate cytotoxic T cells by presenting tumor antigens. Recently, oncolytic virus therapy has been recognized as a systemic immune stimulator. We previously developed a telomerase-specific oncolytic adenovirus (OBP-301) and a p53-armed OBP-301 (OBP-702), demonstrating that these viruses strongly activate systemic antitumor immunity. However, their effects on DCs remained unclear. In the present study, the aim was to elucidate the mechanisms of DC activation by OBP-702, focusing particularly on tumor-derived exosomes. Exosomes (Exo53, Exo301, or Exo702) were isolated from conditioned media of human or murine pancreatic cancer cell lines (Panc-1, MiaPaCa-2, and PAN02) after treatment with Ad-p53, OBP-301, or OBP-702. Exo702 derived from Panc-1 and MiaPaCa-2 cells significantly upregulated CD86, CD80, CD83 (markers of DC maturation), and IFN-γ in DCs in vitro. Similarly, Exo702 derived from PAN02 cells upregulated CD86 and IFN-γ in bone marrow-derived DCs in a bilateral PAN02 subcutaneous tumor model. This DC maturation was inhibited by GW4869, an inhibitor of exosome release, and anti-CD63, an antibody targeting the exosome marker. Intratumoral injection of OBP-702 into PAN02 subcutaneous tumors significantly increased the presence of mature DCs and CD8-positive T cells in draining lymph nodes, leading to long-lasting antitumor effects through the durable activation of systemic antitumor immunity. In conclusion, tumor-derived exosomes play a significant role in DC maturation following OBP-702 treatment and are critical for the systemic activation of antitumor immunity, leading to the abscopal effect.

DOI： 10.1007/s00262-024-03849-5

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(株)癌と化学療法社  

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その他リンク： https://search.jamas.or.jp/default/link?pub_year=2024&ichushi_jid=J00296&link_issn=&doc_id=20241023220015&doc_link_id=%2Fab8gtkrc%2F2024%2F005110%2F016%2F1035-1037%26dl%3D0&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fab8gtkrc%2F2024%2F005110%2F016%2F1035-1037%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

担当区分：責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Osteosarcoma (OS), the most frequent primary malignant tumor of bone in children and adolescents, is refractory to immune checkpoint inhibitors due to its poor antitumor immune response. Chemotherapy and virotherapy induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) and antitumor immune responses, leading to the abscopal effect in untreated tumors. We previously demonstrated the antitumor activity of the telomerase-specific replication-competent oncolytic adenoviruses OBP-301 and p53-armed OBP-702 in human OS cells. Here, we show the therapeutic potential of chemotherapeutic drugs (doxorubicin, cisplatin) and telomerase-specific oncolytic adenoviruses (OBP-301, p53-armed OBP-702) to induce ICD in human OS cells (U2OS, MNNG/HOS, SaOS-2) and murine OS cells (NHOS). OBP-702 induced more profound ICD via the secretion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and high-mobility group box protein B1 (HMGB1) compared with chemotherapy and OBP-301 in human OS cells. Murine NHOS cells were also more sensitive to OBP-702 than OBP-301. Subcutaneous NHOS tumor models demonstrated that intratumoral injection of OBP-702 significantly increased the tumor infiltration of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and induced the abscopal effect against non-treated tumors compared with OBP-301. Our results suggest that OBP-702 is a promising antitumor reagent to induce ICD with secretion of ATP and HMGB1 and the abscopal effect against OS.

DOI： 10.1016/j.omton.2024.200845

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Esophageal cancer remains a highly aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis, despite ongoing advancements in treatments such as immunotherapy. The tumor microenvironment, particularly cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), plays a crucial role in driving the aggressiveness of esophageal cancer. In a previous study utilizing human-derived xenograft models, we successfully developed a novel cancer treatment that targeted CAFs with near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT), as an adjuvant therapy. In this study, we sought to translate our findings toward clinical practice by employing patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models and utilizing humanized mAbs, specifically sibrotuzumab, which is an antihuman fibroblast activation protein (FAP) Ab and already being investigated in clinical trials as monotherapy. PDX models derived from patients with esophageal cancer were effectively established, preserving the expression of key biomarkers such as EGFR and FAP, as observed in primary tumors. The application of FAP-targeted NIR-PIT using sibrotuzumab, conjugated with the photosensitizer IR700DX, exhibited precise binding and selective elimination of FAP-expressing fibroblasts in vitro. Notably, in our in vivo investigations using both cell line-derived xenograft and PDX models, FAP-targeted NIR-PIT led to significant inhibition of tumor progression compared with control groups, all without inducing adverse events such as weight loss. Immunohistologic assessments revealed a substantial reduction in CAFs exclusively within the tumor microenvironment of both models, further supporting the efficacy of our approach. Thus, our study demonstrates the potential of CAF-targeted NIR-PIT employing sibrotuzumab as a promising therapeutic avenue for the clinical treatment of patients with esophageal cancer.

DOI： 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-23-0527

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Intraperitoneal tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are involved in evading anti-tumor immunity and promoting the peritoneal metastasis (PM) of gastric cancer (GC). Oncolytic viruses are known to induce the activation of host anti-tumor immunity in addition to tumor lysis. This study investigated whether a wild-type p53-loading telomerase-specific oncolytic adenovirus (OBP-702) could elicit the remodeling of intraperitoneal macrophages and enhance the efficacy of immune therapy. Increased numbers of CD163 TAMs and few CD8+ lymphocytes were immunohistochemically observed in clinical samples with PM, which suggested that TAMs were associated with the suppression of anti-tumor immunity. OBP-702 induced immunogenic cell death and upregulated PD-L1 expression in human and murine GC cell lines. Intraperitoneal administration of OBP-702 increased recruitment of CD8+ lymphocytes into the PM via the functional remodeling of intraperitoneal macrophages from TAM toward a pro-inflammatory phenotype, resulting in significantly suppressed tumor growth for the in vivo model. Furthermore, the combination of intraperitoneal OBP-702 with anti-programmed cell death-1 antibody enhanced anti-tumor immunity and prolonged the survival of mice bearing PM. Intraperitoneal immunotherapy using OBP-702 restores anti-tumor immunity via the remodeling of intraperitoneal macrophages in addition to direct tumor lysis and cooperates with immune checkpoint inhibitors to suppress PM in GC.

DOI： 10.1016/j.omton.2024.200806

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担当区分：責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND/AIM: Diffuse-type gastric cancer (DGC) often forms peritoneal metastases, leading to poor prognosis. However, the underlying mechanism of DGC-mediated peritoneal metastasis is poorly understood. DGC is characterized by desmoplastic stroma, in which heterogeneous cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), including myofibroblastic CAFs (myCAFs) and senescent CAFs (sCAFs), play a crucial role during tumor progression. This study investigated the CAF subtypes induced by GC cells and the role of sCAFs in peritoneal metastasis of DGC cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Conditioned medium of human DGC cells (KATOIII, NUGC-4) and human intestinal-type GC (IGC) cells (MKN-7, N87) was used to induce CAFs. CAF subtypes were evaluated by analyzing the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal), and p16 in human normal fibroblasts (GF, FEF-3). A cytokine array was used to explore the underlying mechanism of GC-induced CAF subtype development. The role of sCAFs in peritoneal metastasis of DGC cells was analyzed using a peritoneally metastatic DGC tumor model. The relationships between GC subtypes and CAF-related markers were evaluated using publicly available datasets. RESULTS: IGC cells significantly induced α-SMA+ myCAFs by secreting transforming growth factor-β, whereas DGC cells induced SA-β-gal+/p16+ sCAFs by secreting interleukin (IL)-8. sCAFs further secreted IL-8 to promote DGC cell migration. In vivo experiments demonstrated that co-inoculation of sCAFs significantly enhanced peritoneal metastasis of NUGC-4 cells, which was attenuated by administration of the IL-8 receptor antagonist navarixin. p16 and IL-8 expression was significantly associated with poor prognosis of DGC patients. CONCLUSION: sCAFs promote peritoneal metastasis of DGC via IL-8-mediated crosstalk.

DOI： 10.21873/anticanres.17056

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive, immunologically "cold" tumor. Oncolytic virotherapy is a promising treatment to overcome this problem. We developed a telomerase-specific oncolytic adenovirus armed with p53 gene (OBP-702). METHODS: We investigated the efficacy of OBP-702 for pancreatic cancer, focusing on its long-term effects via long-lived memory CD8 + T cells including tissue-resident memory T cells (TRMs) and effector memory T cells (TEMs) differentiated from effector memory precursor cells (TEMps). RESULTS: First, in vitro, OBP-702 significantly induced adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is important for memory T cell establishment. Next, in vivo, OBP-702 local treatment to murine pancreatic PAN02 tumors increased TEMps via ATP induction from tumors and IL-15Rα induction from macrophages, leading to TRM and TEM induction. Activation of these memory T cells by OBP-702 was also maintained in combination with gemcitabine+nab-paclitaxel (GN) in a PAN02 bilateral tumor model, and GN + OBP-702 showed significant anti-tumor effects and increased TRMs in OBP-702-uninjected tumors. Finally, in a neoadjuvant model, in which PAN02 cells were re-inoculated after resection of treated-PAN02 tumors, GN + OBP-702 provided long-term anti-tumor effects even after tumor resection. CONCLUSION: OBP-702 can be a long-term immunostimulant with sustained anti-tumor effects on immunologically cold pancreatic cancer.

DOI： 10.1038/s41416-024-02583-0

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担当区分：責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) is a heterogeneous group of rare tumors originating predominantly from the embryonic mesoderm. Despite the development of combined modalities including radiotherapy, STSs are often refractory to antitumor modalities, and novel strategies that improve the prognosis of STS patients are needed. We previously demonstrated the therapeutic potential of two telomerase-specific replication-competent oncolytic adenoviruses, OBP-301 and tumor suppressor p53-armed OBP-702, in human STS cells. Here, we demonstrate in vitro and in vivo antitumor effects of OBP-702 in combination with ionizing radiation against human STS cells (HT1080, NMS-2, SYO-1). OBP-702 synergistically promoted the antitumor effect of ionizing radiation in the STS cells by suppressing the expression of B-cell lymphoma-X large (BCL-xL) and enhancing ionizing radiation-induced apoptosis. The in vivo experiments demonstrated that this combination therapy significantly suppressed STS tumors' growth. Our results suggest that OBP-702 is a promising antitumor reagent for promoting the radiosensitivity of STS tumors.

DOI： 10.18926/AMO/66924

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) play a critical role in tumor immunosuppression. However, targeted depletion of CAFs is difficult due to their diverse cells of origin and the resulting lack of specific surface markers. Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) is a novel cancer treatment that leads to rapid cell membrane damage. METHODS: In this study, we used anti-mouse fibroblast activation protein (FAP) antibody to target FAP+ CAFs (FAP-targeted NIR-PIT) and investigated whether this therapy could suppress tumor progression and improve tumor immunity. RESULTS: FAP-targeted NIR-PIT induced specific cell death in CAFs without damaging adjacent normal cells. Furthermore, FAP-targeted NIR-PIT treated mice showed significant tumor regression in the CAF-rich tumor model accompanied by an increase in CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Moreover, treated tumors showed increased levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 in CD8+ TILs compared with non-treated tumors, suggesting enhanced antitumor immunity. CONCLUSIONS: Cancers with FAP-positive CAFs in their TME grow rapidly and FAP-targeted NIR-PIT not only suppresses their growth but improves tumor immunosuppression. Thus, FAP-targeted NIR-PIT is a potential therapeutic strategy for selectively targeting the TME of CAF+ tumors.

DOI： 10.1038/s41416-024-02639-1

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担当区分：責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Bone and soft-tissue sarcomas are rare malignancies with histological diversity and tumor heterogeneity, leading to the lack of a common molecular target. Telomerase is a key enzyme for keeping the telomere length and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) expression is often activated in most human cancers, including bone and soft-tissue sarcomas. For targeting of telomerase-positive tumor cells, we developed OBP-301, a telomerase-specific replication-competent oncolytic adenovirus, in which the hTERT promoter regulates adenoviral E1 gene for tumor-specific viral replication. In this study, we present the diagnostic potential of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing oncolytic adenovirus OBP-401 for assessing virotherapy sensitivity using bone and soft-tissue sarcomas. OBP-401-mediated GFP expression was significantly associated with the therapeutic efficacy of OBP-401 in human bone and soft-tissue sarcomas. In the tumor specimens from 68 patients, malignant and intermediate tumors demonstrated significantly higher expression levels of coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR) and hTERT than benign tumors. OBP-401-mediated GFP expression was significantly increased in malignant and intermediate tumors with high expression levels of CAR and hTERT between 24 and 48 h after infection. Our results suggest that the OBP-401-based GFP expression system is a useful tool for predicting the therapeutic efficacy of oncolytic virotherapy on bone and soft-tissue sarcomas.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0298292

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担当区分：責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND/AIM: Diffuse-type gastric cancer (GC) frequently exhibits peritoneal metastasis, leading to poor prognosis. However, efforts to develop antitumor strategies for preventing the peritoneal metastasis of GC have been unsuccessful. As diffuse-type GC cells often carry a genetic alteration in the tumor suppressor p53 gene, p53 restoration may be a potent strategy for preventing peritoneal metastasis of GC. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of p53-expressing adenoviral vectors against peritoneal metastasis of diffuse-type GC cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three diffuse-type human GC cell types with different p53 statuses (p53-wild type NUGC-4, p53-mutant type GCIY, and p53-null type KATOIII) were used to evaluate the therapeutic potential of p53 activation induced by the p53-expressing, replication-deficient adenovirus Ad-p53 and oncolytic adenovirus OBP-702. Viability, apoptosis, and autophagy of virus-treated GC cells were analyzed under normal and sphere-forming culture conditions using the XTT assay and western blot analysis. The in vivo antitumor effects of OBP-702 and Ad-p53 were assessed using xenograft tumor models involving peritoneal metastasis of NUGC-4 and GCIY cells. RESULTS: Under normal and sphere-forming culture conditions, OBP-702 induced a significantly greater antitumor effect in GC cells compared with Ad-p53 by strongly inducing p53-mediated apoptosis and autophagy and receptor tyrosine kinase suppression. In vivo experiments demonstrated that intraperitoneal administration of OBP-702 significantly suppressed the peritoneal metastasis of NUGC-4 and GCIY cells compared with Ad-p53, leading to prolonged survival of mice. CONCLUSION: Intraperitoneal administration of OBP-702 inhibits the peritoneal metastasis of GC cells by inducing p53-mediated cytopathic activity.

DOI： 10.21873/anticanres.16678

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(株)癌と化学療法社  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

INTRODUCTION: Exosomes are cell-derived nanovesicles involved in cell-to-cell communications. These nanovesicles are generally considered to contain important carriers of information such as DNA and RNA, and show specific tropism. AREAS COVERED: The combination of existing therapeutic agents with exosomes enhances therapeutic effects by increasing uptake into the tumor. Induction of immunogenic cell death (ICD) may also be triggered more strongly than with the drug alone. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are even more effective as a drug in combination with exosomes. Although OVs are more likely to cause immune activity, combination with exosomes can exert synergistic effects. OVs have potent anti-tumor effects, but many limitations, such as being limited to local administration and vulnerability to attack by antibodies. Incorporation into exosomes can overcome these limitations and may allow effects against distant tumors. EXPERT OPINION: Novel therapies using exosomes are very attractive in terms of enhancing therapeutic efficacy and reducing side effects. This approach also contains elements overcoming disadvantages in OVs, which have not been used clinically until now, and may usher in a new era of cancer treatments.

DOI： 10.1080/14728222.2023.2259102

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The programmed cell death 1 protein (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis plays a crucial role in tumor immunosuppression, while the cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have various tumor-promoting functions. To determine the advantage of immunotherapy, the relationship between the cancer cells and the CAFs was evaluated in terms of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis. Overall, 140 cases of esophageal cancer underwent an immunohistochemical analysis of the PD-L1 expression and its association with the expression of the α smooth muscle actin, fibroblast activation protein, CD8, and forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) positive cells. The relationship between the cancer cells and the CAFs was evaluated in vitro, and the effect of the anti-PD-L1 antibody was evaluated using a syngeneic mouse model. A survival analysis showed that the PD-L1+ CAF group had worse survival than the PD-L1- group. In vitro and in vivo, direct interaction between the cancer cells and the CAFs showed a mutually upregulated PD-L1 expression. In vivo, the anti-PD-L1 antibody increased the number of dead CAFs and cancer cells, resulting in increased CD8+ T cells and decreased FoxP3+ regulatory T cells. We demonstrated that the PD-L1-expressing CAFs lead to poor outcomes in patients with esophageal cancer. The cancer cells and the CAFs mutually enhanced the PD-L1 expression and induced tumor immunosuppression. Therefore, the PD-L1-expressing CAFs may be good targets for cancer therapy, inhibiting tumor progression and improving host tumor immunity.

DOI： 10.1007/s00262-023-03531-2

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The involvement of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in cancer metastasis is being clarified, but the relationship between intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) and NETs remains unclear. The presence of NETs was verified by multiple fluorescence staining in clinically resected specimens of iCCA. Human neutrophils were co-cultured with iCCA cells to observe NET induction and changes in cellular characteristics. Binding of platelets to iCCA cells and its mechanism were also examined, and their effects on NETs were analyzed in vitro and in in vivo mouse models. NETs were present in the tumor periphery of resected iCCAs. NETs promoted the motility and migration ability of iCCA cells in vitro. Although iCCA cells alone had a weak NET-inducing ability, the binding of platelets to iCCA cells via P-selectin promoted NET induction. Based on these results, antiplatelet drugs were applied to these cocultures in vitro and inhibited the binding of platelets to iCCA cells and the induction of NETs. Fluorescently labeled iCCA cells were injected into the spleen of mice, resulting in the formation of liver micrometastases coexisting with platelets and NETs. These mice were treated with dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) consisting of aspirin and ticagrelor, which dramatically reduced micrometastases. These results suggest that potent antiplatelet therapy prevents micrometastases of iCCA cells by inhibiting platelet activation and NET production, and it may contribute to a novel therapeutic strategy.

DOI： 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216260

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Esophageal cancer is one of the most aggressive tumors, and the outcome remains poor. One contributing factor is the presence of tumors that are less responsive or have increased malignancy when treated with conventional chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or a combination of these. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play an important role in the tumor microenvironment. Focusing on conventional cancer therapies, we investigated how CAFs acquire therapeutic resistance and how they affect tumor malignancy. In this study, low-dose chemotherapy or radiotherapy-induced normal fibroblasts showed enhanced activation of CAFs markers, fibroblast activation protein, and α-smooth muscle actin, indicating the acquisition of malignancy in fibroblasts. Furthermore, CAFs activated by radiotherapy induce phenotypic changes in cancer cells, increasing their proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities. In in vivo peritoneal dissemination models, the total number of tumor nodules in the abdominal cavity was significantly increased in the co-inoculation group of cancer cells and resistant fibroblasts compared to that in the co-inoculation group of cancer cells and normal fibroblasts. In conclusion, we demonstrated that conventional cancer therapy causes anti-therapeutic effects via the activation of fibroblasts, resulting in CAFs. It is important to select or combine modalities of esophageal cancer treatment, recognizing that inappropriate radiotherapy and chemotherapy can lead to resistance in CAF-rich tumors.

DOI： 10.3390/cancers15112971

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：医歯薬出版(株)  

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その他リンク： https://search.jamas.or.jp/default/link?pub_year=2023&ichushi_jid=J00060&link_issn=&doc_id=20230502010024&doc_link_id=issn%3D0039-2359%26volume%3D285%26issue%3D5%26spage%3D446&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pieronline.jp%2Fopenurl%3Fissn%3D0039-2359%26volume%3D285%26issue%3D5%26spage%3D446&type=PierOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00005_2.gif

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a critical component of the tumor microenvironment and play a central role in tumor progression. Previously, we reported that CAFs might induce tumor immunosuppression via interleukin-6 (IL-6) and promote tumor progression by blocking local IL-6 in the tumor microenvironment with neutralizing antibody. Here, we explore whether an anti-IL-6 receptor antibody could be used as systemic therapy to treat cancer, and further investigate the mechanisms by which IL-6 induces tumor immunosuppression. In clinical samples, IL-6 expression was significantly correlated with α-smooth muscle actin expression, and high IL-6 cases showed tumor immunosuppression. Multivariate analysis showed that IL-6 expression was an independent prognostic factor. In vitro, IL-6 contributed to cell proliferation and differentiation into CAFs. Moreover, IL-6 increased hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) expression and induced tumor immunosuppression by enhancing glucose uptake by cancer cells and competing for glucose with immune cells. MR16-1, a rodent analog of anti-IL-6 receptor antibody, overcame CAF-induced immunosuppression and suppressed tumor progression in immunocompetent murine cancer models by regulating HIF1α activation in vivo. The anti-IL-6 receptor antibody could be systemically employed to overcome tumor immunosuppression and improve patient survival with various cancers. Furthermore, the tumor immunosuppression was suggested to be induced by IL-6 via HIF1α activation.

DOI： 10.1007/s00262-023-03378-7

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing is a process mediated by adenosine deaminases that act on the RNA (ADAR) gene family. It has been discovered recently as an epigenetic modification dysregulated in human cancers. However, the clinical significance of RNA editing in patients with liver metastasis from colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. The current study aimed to systematically and comprehensively investigate the significance of adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) expression status in 83 liver metastatic tissue samples collected from 36 patients with CRC. The ADAR1 expression level was significantly elevated in liver metastatic tissue samples obtained from patients with right-sided, synchronous, or RAS mutant-type CRC. ADAR1-high liver metastasis was significantly correlated with remnant liver recurrence after hepatic metastasectomy. A high ADAR1 expression was a predictive factor of remnant liver recurrence (area under the curve = 0.72). Results showed that the ADAR1 expression level could be a clinically relevant predictive indicator of remnant liver recurrence. Patients with liver metastases who have a high ADAR1 expression requires adjuvant chemotherapy after hepatic metastasectomy.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-023-29397-z

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担当区分：責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Colorectal cancer (CRC) cells harboring KRAS or BRAF mutations show a more-malignant phenotype than cells with wild-type KRAS and BRAF. KRAS/BRAF-wild-type CRCs are sensitive to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeting agents, whereas KRAS/BRAF-mutant CRCs are resistant due to constitutive activation of the EGFR-downstream KRAS/BRAF signaling pathway. Novel therapeutic strategies to treat KRAS/BRAF mutant CRC cells are thus needed. We recently demonstrated that the telomerase-specific replication-competent oncolytic adenoviruses OBP-301 and p53-armed OBP-702 exhibit therapeutic potential against KRAS-mutant human pancreatic cancer cells. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of OBP-301 and OBP-702 against human CRC cells with differing KRAS/BRAF status. Human CRC cells with wild-type KRAS/BRAF (SW48, Colo320DM, CACO-2), mutant KRAS (DLD-1, SW620, HCT116), and mutant BRAF (RKO, HT29, COLO205) were used in this study. The antitumor effect of OBP-301 and OBP-702 against CRC cells was analyzed using the XTT assay. Virus-mediated modulation of apoptosis, autophagy, and the EGFR-MEK-ERK and AKT-mTOR signaling pathways was analyzed by Western blotting. Wild-type and KRAS-mutant CRC cells were sensitive to OBP-301 and OBP-702, whereas BRAF-mutant CRC cells were sensitive to OBP-702 but resistant to OBP-301. Western blot analysis demonstrated that OBP-301 induced autophagy and that OBP-702 induced autophagy and apoptosis in human CRC cells. In BRAF-mutant CRC cells, OBP-301 and OBP-702 suppressed the expression of EGFR, MEK, ERK, and AKT proteins, whereas mTOR expression was suppressed only by OBP-702. Our results suggest that p53-armed oncolytic virotherapy is a viable therapeutic option for treating KRAS/BRAF-mutant CRC cells via induction of autophagy and apoptosis.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0294491

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Ulcerative colitis (UC) can develop colitis-associated colorectal neoplasm (CAN). Adenine-to-inosine RNA editing, which is regulated by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR), induces the posttranscriptional modification of critical oncogenes, including antizyme inhibitor 1 (AZIN1), leading to colorectal carcinogenesis. Therefore, we hypothesized that ADAR1 might be involved in the development of CAN in UC. METHODS: We systematically analyzed a cohort of 139 UC cases (40 acute phase, 73 remission phase, 26 CAN). The degree of inflammation was evaluated using the Mayo endoscopic score (MES). RESULTS: The type 1 IFN-related inflammation pathway was upregulated in the rectum of active UC, rectum of UC-CAN, and tumor site of UC-CAN patients. ADAR1 expression was upregulated in the entire colon of CAN cases, while it was down-regulated in non-CAN MES0 cases. ADAR1 expression in the rectum predicted the development of CAN better than p53 or β-catenin, with an area under the curve of 0.93. The high expression of ADAR1 and high AZIN1 RNA editing in UC was triggered by type 1 IFN stimulation from UC-specific microbiomes, such as Fusobacterium in vitro analyses. The induction of AZIN1 RNA editing by ADAR1, whose expression is promoted by Fusobacterium, may induce carcinogenesis in UC. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of CAN can be evaluated by assessing ADAR1 expression in the rectum of MES0 UC patients, freeing UC patients from unnecessary colonoscopy and reducing their physical burden. RNA editing may be involved in UC carcinogenesis, and may be used to facilitate the prevention and treatment of CAN in UC.

DOI： 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjac186

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

We evaluated the usefulness of an oncolytic virus (Suratadenoturev; OBP-301) against radioresistant oral squamous cell carcinoma. We confirmed the expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase and the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor in cell lines. Also, we examined the potential presence in a patient who has received existing therapy that is amenable to treatment with OBP-301. We evaluated: (1) the antitumor effects of OBP-301 alone and in combination with radiotherapy on radioresistant cell lines, (2) the molecular mechanism underlying the radiosensitizing effect and cell death increased by the combination therapy, and (3) the antitumor effect of the combination therapy in vivo using xenograft models (a radioresistant cell line-derived xenograft in mouse and a patient-derived xenograft). Human telomerase reverse transcriptase and the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor were expressed in all cell lines. OBP-301 decreased the proliferative activity of these cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner, and significantly enhanced the antitumor effect of irradiation. Phosphorylated STAT3 and its downstream molecules, which correlated with apoptosis and autophagy, showed significant changes in expression after treatment with OBP-301. The combination therapy exerted a significant antitumor effect versus radiotherapy alone in both xenograft models. Combination of OBP-301 with radiotherapy exerts a synergistic effect and may represent a promising treatment for radioresistant oral squamous cell carcinoma.

DOI： 10.1016/j.omto.2022.10.001

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担当区分：責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Immune checkpoint inhibitors, including anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) antibody, provide improved clinical outcome in certain cancers. However, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is refractory to PD-1 blockade therapy due to poor immune response. Oncolytic virotherapy is a novel approach for inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD). We demonstrated the therapeutic potential of p53-expressing telomerase-specific oncolytic adenovirus OBP-702 to induce ICD and anti-tumor immune responses in human PDAC cells with different p53 status (Capan-2, PK-59, PK-45H, Capan-1, MIA PaCa-2, BxPC-3) and murine PDAC cells (PAN02). OBP-702 significantly enhanced ICD with secretion of extracellular adenosine triphosphate and high-mobility group box protein B1 by inducing p53-mediated apoptosis and autophagy. OBP-702 significantly promoted the tumor infiltration of CD8+ T cells and the anti-tumor efficacy of PD-1 blockade in a subcutaneous PAN02 syngeneic tumor model. Our results suggest that oncolytic adenovirus-mediated p53 overexpression augments ICD and the efficacy of PD-1 blockade therapy against cold PDAC tumors. Further in vivo experiments would be warranted to evaluate the survival benefit of tumor-bearing mice in combination therapy with OBP-702 and PD-1 blockade.

DOI： 10.1016/j.omto.2022.09.003

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担当区分：責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is often refractory to treatment with gemcitabine (GEM) and immune checkpoint inhibitors including anti-programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibody. However, the precise relationship between GEM-resistant PDAC and development of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the immunosuppressive TME in parental and GEM-resistant PDAC tumors and assessed the therapeutic potential of combination therapy with the telomerase-specific replication-competent oncolytic adenovirus OBP-702, which induces tumor suppressor p53 protein and PD-L1 blockade against GEM-resistant PDAC tumors. Mouse PDAC cells (PAN02) and human PDAC cells (MIA PaCa-2, BxPC-3) were used to establish GEM-resistant PDAC lines. PD-L1 expression and the immunosuppressive TME were analyzed using parental and GEM-resistant PDAC cells. A cytokine array was used to investigate the underlying mechanism of immunosuppressive TME induction by GEM-resistant PAN02 cells. The GEM-resistant PAN02 tumor model was used to evaluate the antitumor effect of combination therapy with OBP-702 and PD-L1 blockade. GEM-resistant PDAC cells exhibited higher PD-L1 expression and produced higher granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) levels compared with parental cells, inducing an immunosuppressive TME and the accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). OBP-702 significantly inhibited GEM-resistant PAN02 tumor growth by suppressing GM-CSF-mediated MDSC accumulation. Moreover, combination treatment with OBP-702 significantly enhanced the antitumor efficacy of PD-L1 blockade against GEM-resistant PAN02 tumors. The present results suggest that combination therapy involving OBP-702 and PD-L1 blockade is a promising antitumor strategy for treating GEM-resistant PDAC with GM-CSF-induced immunosuppressive TME formation.

DOI： 10.1007/s00262-022-03334-x

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a significant role in tumor progression within the tumor microenvironment. Previously, we used near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT), a next-generation cancer cell-targeted phototherapy, to establish CAF-targeted NIR-PIT. In this study, we investigated whether dual-targeted NIR-PIT, targeting cancer cells and CAFs, could be a therapeutic strategy. A total of 132 cases of esophageal cancer were analyzed for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2), and fibroblast activation protein (FAP) expression using immunohistochemistry. Human esophageal cancer cells and CAFs were co-cultured and treated with single- or dual-targeted NIR-PIT in vitro. These cells were co-inoculated into BALB/c-nu/nu mice and the tumors were treated with single-targeted NIR-PIT or dual-targeted NIR-PIT in vivo. Survival analysis showed FAP- or EGFR-high patients had worse survival than patients with low expression of FAP or EGFR (log-rank, P < 0.001 and P = 0.074, respectively), while no difference was observed in HER2 status. In vitro, dual (EGFR/FAP)-targeted NIR-PIT induced specific therapeutic effects in cancer cells and CAFs along with suppressing tumor growth in vivo, whereas single-targeted NIR-PIT did not show any significance. Moreover, these experiments demonstrated that dual-targeted NIR-PIT could treat cancer cells and CAFs simultaneously with a single NIR light irradiation. We demonstrated the relationship between EGFR/FAP expression and prognosis of patients with esophageal cancer and the stronger therapeutic effect of dual-targeted NIR-PIT than single-targeted NIR-PIT in experimental models. Thus, dual-targeted NIR-PIT might be a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-022-24313-3

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(株)癌と化学療法社  

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その他リンク： https://search-tp.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2022&ichushi_jid=J00296&link_issn=&doc_id=20221021370020&doc_link_id=issn%3D0385-0684%26volume%3D49%26issue%3D10%26spage%3D1127&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pieronline.jp%2Fopenurl%3Fissn%3D0385-0684%26volume%3D49%26issue%3D10%26spage%3D1127&type=PierOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00005_2.gif

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Most cases of colorectal cancers (CRCs) are microsatellite stable (MSS), which frequently demonstrate lower response rates to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). RNA editing produces neoantigens by altering amino acid sequences. In this study, RNA editing was induced artificially by chemoradiation therapy (CRT) to generate neoantigens in MSS CRCs. Altogether, 543 CRC specimens were systematically analyzed, and the expression pattern of ADAR1 was investigated. In vitro and in vivo experiments were also performed. The RNA editing enzyme ADAR1 was upregulated in microsatellite instability-high CRCs, leading to their high affinity for ICIs. Although ADAR1 expression was low in MSS CRC, CRT including oxaliplatin (OX) treatment upregulated RNA editing levels by inducing ADAR1. Immunohistochemistry analyses showed the upregulation of ADAR1 in patients with CRC treated with CAPOX (capecitabine + OX) radiation therapy relative to ADAR1 expression in patients with CRC treated only by surgery (p < 0.001). Compared with other regimens, CRT with OX effectively induced RNA editing in MSS CRC cell lines (HT29 and Caco2, p < 0.001) via the induction of type 1 interferon-triggered ADAR1 expression. CRT with OX promoted the RNA editing of cyclin I, a neoantigen candidate. Neoantigens can be artificially induced by RNA editing via an OX-CRT regimen. CRT can promote proteomic diversity via RNA editing.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-022-17773-0

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the tumor microenvironment are associated with the establishment and progression of peritoneal metastasis. This study investigated the efficacy of replicative oncolytic adenovirus-mediated p53 gene therapy (OBP-702) against CAFs and peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer (GC). Higher CAF expression in the primary tumor was associated with poor prognosis of GC, and higher CAF expression was also observed with peritoneal metastasis in immunohistochemical analysis of clinical samples. And, we found transcriptional alteration of p53 in CAFs relative to normal gastric fibroblasts (NGFs). CAFs increased the secretion of cancer-promoting cytokines, including interleukin-6, and gained resistance to chemotherapy relative to NGFs. OBP-702 showed cytotoxicity to both GC cells and CAFs but not to NGFs. Overexpression of wild-type p53 by OBP-702 infection caused apoptosis and autophagy of CAFs and decreased the secretion of cancer-promoting cytokines by CAFs. Combination therapy using intraperitoneal administration of OBP-702 and paclitaxel synergistically inhibited the tumor growth of peritoneal metastases and decreased CAFs in peritoneal metastases. OBP-702, a replicative oncolytic adenovirus-mediated p53 gene therapy, offers a promising biological therapeutic strategy for peritoneal metastasis, modulating CAFs in addition to achieving tumor lysis.

DOI： 10.1016/j.omto.2022.04.009

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担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Conventional imaging techniques are available for clinical identification of tumor sites. However, detecting metastatic tumor cells that are spreading from primary tumor sites using conventional imaging techniques remains difficult. In contrast, fluorescence-based labeling systems are useful tools for detecting tumor cells at the single-cell level in cancer research. The ability to detect fluorescent-labeled tumor cells enables investigations of the biodistribution of tumor cells for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. For example, the presence of fluorescent tumor cells in the peripheral blood of cancer patients is a predictive biomarker for early diagnosis of distant metastasis. The elimination of fluorescent tumor cells without damaging normal tissues is ideal for minimally invasive treatment of cancer. To capture fluorescent tumor cells within normal tissues, however, tumor-specific activated target molecules are needed. This review focuses on recent advances in tumor-targeted fluorescence labeling systems, in which indirect reporter labeling using tumor-specific promoters is applied to fluorescence labeling of tumor cells for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Telomerase promoter-dependent fluorescence labeling using replication-competent viral vectors produces fluorescent proteins that can be used to detect and eliminate telomerase-positive tumor cells. Tissue-specific promoter-dependent fluorescence labeling enables identification of specific tumor cells. Vimentin promoter-dependent fluorescence labeling is a useful tool for identifying tumor cells that undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The evaluation of tumor cells undergoing EMT is important for accurately assessing metastatic potential. Thus, tumor-targeted fluorescence labeling systems represent novel platforms that enable the capture of tumor cells for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.

DOI： 10.1111/cas.15369

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND: Emerging evidence indicates that immunogenicity plays an important role in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Herein, we systematically evaluated the clinical relevance of immunogenicity in ICC. METHODS: Highly immunogenic ICCs identified in the public dataset and the Cancer Immunome Atlas (TCIA) were assessed to determine the prognostic impact of immunogenicity in ICC and key components after curative resection. We also investigated the clinical relevance of the immune milieu in ICC. RESULTS: Using the Gene Expression Omnibus dataset 89749 and TCIA, we identified CD8+/forkhead box P3 (FoxP3)+ tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM-3) and human leukocyte antigen-A (HLA-A) in highly immunogenic ICCs. Immunohistochemical analysis of the in-house cohort showed that intratumoral FoxP3+ TILs correlated with CD8+ TILs (P = 0.045, Fisher's exact test) and that high FoxP3+/CD8+ ratio (FCR) was an important marker for poor survival (P < 0.001, log-rank test). Furthermore, the FCR was higher in tumour-free lymph nodes in ICCs with lymph node metastases than in those without lymph node metastases (P = 0.003, Mann-Whitney U test). CONCLUSIONS: FCR should be considered an important biomarker that represents the immune environment of ICC based on its potentially important role in tumour progression, especially lymph node metastasis.

DOI： 10.1038/s41416-022-01838-y

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担当区分：責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a normal biological process by which epithelial cells acquire a mesenchymal phenotype, is associated with migration, metastasis, and chemoresistance in cancer cells, and with poor prognosis in patients with esophageal cancer. However, therapeutic strategies to inhibit EMT in tumor environments remain elusive. Here, we show the therapeutic potential of telomerase-specific replication- competent oncolytic adenovirus OBP-301 in human esophageal cancer TE4 and TE6 cells with an EMT phenotype. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) administration induced the EMT phenotype with spindleshaped morphology, upregulation of mesenchymal markers and EMT transcription factors, migration, and chemoresistance in TE4 and TE6 cells. OBP-301 significantly inhibited the EMT phenotype via E1 accumulation. EMT cancer cells were susceptible to OBP-301 via massive autophagy induction. OBP-301 suppressed tumor growth and lymph node metastasis of TE4 cells co-inoculated with TGF-β-secreting fibroblasts. Our results suggest that OBP-301 inhibits the TGF-β-induced EMT phenotype in human esophageal cancer cells. OBP-301-mediated E1A overexpression is a promising antitumor strategy to inhibit EMT-mediated esophageal cancer progression.

DOI： 10.18926/AMO/63425

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(株)東京医学社  

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その他リンク： https://search.jamas.or.jp/default/link?pub_year=2022&ichushi_jid=J00648&link_issn=&doc_id=20220309070022&doc_link_id=10.24479%2Fpm.0000000073&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.24479%2Fpm.0000000073&type=%E5%8C%BB%E6%9B%B8.jp_%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%82%A2%E3%82%AF%E3%82%BB%E3%82%B9&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00024_2.gif

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本外科学会  

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担当区分：責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND: Osteosarcoma (OS) is a malignant bone tumor primarily affecting children and adolescents. The prognosis of chemotherapy-refractory OS patients is poor. We developed a tumor suppressor p53-expressing oncolytic adenovirus (OBP-702) that exhibits antitumor effects against human OS cells. Here, we demonstrate the chemosensitizing effect of OBP-702 in human OS cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The in vitro and in vivo antitumor activities of doxorubicin (DOX) and OBP-702 were assessed using parental and DOX-resistant OS cells (U2OS, MNNG/HOS) and a DOX-resistant MNNG/HOS xenograft tumor model. RESULTS: DOX-resistant OS cells exhibited high multidrug resistant 1 (MDR1) expression, which was suppressed by OBP-702 or MDR1 siRNA, resulting in enhanced DOX-induced apoptosis. Compared to monotherapy, OBP-702 and DOX combination therapy significantly suppressed tumor growth in the DOX-resistant MNNG/HOS xenograft tumor model. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that MDR1 is an attractive therapeutic target for chemoresistant OS. Tumor-specific virotherapy is thus a promising strategy for reversing chemoresistance in OS patients via suppression of MDR1 expression.

DOI： 10.1007/s00280-021-04310-5

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) is a primary regulator of the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of monocyte/macrophage that sustains the protumorigenic functions of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Considering current advances in understanding the role of the inflammatory tumor microenvironment, targeting the components of the sarcoma microenvironment, such as TAMs, is a viable strategy. Here, we investigated the effect of PLX3397 (pexidartinib) as a potent inhibitor of the CSF1 receptor (CSF1R). PLX3397 was recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat tenosynovial giant cell tumor and reprogram TAMs whose infiltration correlates with unfavorable prognosis of sarcomas. First, we confirmed by cytokine arrays of tumor-conditioned media (TCM) that cytokines including CSF1 are secreted from LM8 osteosarcoma cells and NFSa fibrosarcoma cells. The TCM, like CSF1, stimulated ERK1/2 phosphorylation in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), polarized BMDMs toward an M2 (TAM-like) phenotype, and strikingly promoted BMDM chemotaxis. In vitro administration of PLX3397 suppressed pERK1/2 stimulation by CSF1 or TCM, and reduced M2 polarization, survival, and chemotaxis in BMDMs. Systemic administration of PLX3397 to the osteosarcoma orthotopic xenograft model significantly suppressed the primary tumor growth and lung metastasis, and thus improved metastasis-free survival. PLX3397 treatment concurrently depleted TAMs and FOXP3+ regulatory T cells and, surprisingly, enhanced infiltration of CD8+ T cells into the microenvironments of both primary and metastatic osteosarcoma sites. Our preclinical results show that PLX3397 has strong macrophage- and T-cell-modulating effects that may translate into cancer immunotherapy for bone and soft-tissue sarcomas.

DOI： 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-20-0591

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

PURPOSE: OBP-301 (Telomelysin) is an attenuated type-5 adenovirus that contains the human telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter to regulate viral replication. OBP-301 sensitises human cancer cells to ionising radiation by inhibiting DNA repair, and radiation enhances coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor-mediated OBP-301 infection on the contrary. We assessed OBP-301 with radiotherapy in oesophageal cancer patients unfit for standard chemoradiation treatments. METHODS: A phase I dose-escalation study of OBP-301 with radiotherapy was conducted in 13 histologically confirmed oesophageal cancer patients deemed unfit to undergo surgery or chemotherapy. Study treatment consisted of OBP-301 administration by intratumoural needle injection using a flexible endoscope on days 1, 18 and 32. Radiotherapy was administered concurrently over 6 weeks, beginning on day 4, to a total of 60 Gy. RESULTS: Of the 13 patients, 7, 3 and 3 patients were treated with 1010, 1011 and 1012 virus particles, respectively. Study group comprised 10 males and 3 females, with a median age of 82 years (range, 53-91 years). All patients developed a transient, self-limited lymphopenia. Distribution studies revealed transient virus shedding in the plasma. Eight patients had local complete response (CR); all of them exhibited no pathologically viable malignant cells in biopsy specimens, and 3 patients had a partial response. The objective response rate was 91.7%. The clinical CR rate was 83.3% in stage I and 60.0% in stage II/III. Histopathological examination revealed massive infiltration of CD8+ cells and increased PD-L1 expression. CONCLUSION: Multiple courses of endoscopic intratumoural OBP-301 injection with radiotherapy are feasible and provide clinical benefits in patients with oesophageal cancer unfit for standard treatments.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.04.043

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(有)科学評論社  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Hyperthermia has been used for cancer therapy for along period of time, but has shown limited clinical efficacy. Induction-heating hyperthermia using the combination of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and an alternating magnetic field (AMF), termed magnetic hyperthermia (MHT), has previously shown efficacy in an orthotopic mouse model of disseminated gastric cancer. In the present study, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), atype of MNP, were conjugated with an anti-HER2 antibody, trastuzumab and termed anti-HER2-antibody-linked SPION nanoparticles (anti-HER2 SPIONs). Anti-HER2 SPIONs selectively targeted HER2-expressing cancer cells co-cultured along with normal fibroblasts and HER2-negative cancer cells and caused apoptosis only in the HER2-expressing individual cancer cells. The results of the present study show proof-of-concept of anovel hyperthermia technology, immuno-MHT for selective cancer therapy, that targets individual cancer cells.AbbreviationsAMF:alternating magnetic fieldDDW:double distilled waterDMEM:Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Mediumf:frequencyFBS:fetal bovine serumFITC:Fluorescein isothiocyanateGFP:green fluorescent proteinH:amplitudeHsp:heat shock proteinMHT:magnetic hyperthermiaMNPs:magnetic nanoparticlesPI:propidium iodideRFP:red fluorescent proteinSPION:superparamagnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticle.

DOI： 10.1080/15384101.2021.1915604

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Magnetic hyperthermia (MHT), which combines magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with an alternating magnetic field (AMF), holds promise as a cancer therapy. There have been many studies about hyperthermia, most of which have been performed by direct injection of MNPs into tumor tissues. However, there have been no reports of treating peritoneal disseminated disease with MHT to date. In the present study, we treated peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer with MHT using superparamagnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticle (SPION) coated with carboxydextran as an MNP, in an orthotopic mouse model mimicking early peritoneal disseminated disease of gastric cancer. SPIONs of an optimal size were intraperitoneally administered, and an AMF (390 kHz, 28 kAm-1) was applied for 10 minutes, four times every three days. Three weeks after the first MHT treatment, the peritoneal metastases were significantly inhibited compared with the AMF-alone group or the untreated-control group. The results of the present study show that MHT can be applied as a new treatment option for disseminated peritoneal gastric cancer.Abbreviations: AMF: alternating magnetic field; Cy1: cytology-positive; DMEM: Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium; FBS: fetal bovine serum; H&E: hematoxylin and eosin; HIPEC: hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy; MEM: Minimum Essential Medium; MHT: magnetic hyperthermia; MNPs: magnetic nanoparticles; P0: macroscopic peritoneal dissemination; RFP: red fluorescent protein; SPION: superparamagnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticle.

DOI： 10.1080/15384101.2021.1919441

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play important roles in various intercellular communication processes. The abscopal effect is an interesting phenomenon in cancer treatment, in which immune activation is generally considered a main factor. We previously developed a telomerase-specific oncolytic adenovirus, Telomelysin (OBP-301), and occasionally observed therapeutic effects on distal tumors after local treatment in immunodeficient mice. Here, we hypothesized that EVs may be involved in the abscopal effect of OBP-301. EVs isolated from the supernatant of HCT116 human colon carcinoma cells treated with OBP-301 were confirmed to contain OBP-301, and showed cytotoxic activity (apoptosis and autophagy) similar to OBP-301. In bilateral subcutaneous HCT116 and CT26 tumor models, intratumoral administration of OBP-301 produced potent antitumor effects on tumors that were not directly treated with OBP-301, involving direct mediation by tumor-derived EVs containing OBP-301. This indicates that immune activation is not the main factor in this abscopal effect. Moreover, tumor-derived EVs exhibited high tumor tropism in orthotopic HCT116 rectal tumors, in which adenovirus E1A and adenovirus type 5 proteins were observed in metastatic liver tumors after localized rectal tumor treatment. In conclusion, local treatment with OBP-301 has the potential to produce abscopal effects via tumor-derived EVs.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.05.015

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担当区分：責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Soft tissue sarcoma (STS) is a rare cancer that develops from soft tissues in any part of the body. Despite major advances in the treatment of STS, patients are often refractory to conventional radiotherapy, leading to poor prognosis. Enhancement of sensitivity to radiotherapy would therefore improve the clinical outcome of STS patients. We previously revealed that the tumor-specific, replication-competent oncolytic adenovirus OBP-301 kills human sarcoma cells. In this study, we investigated the radiosensitizing effect of OBP-301 in human STS cells. The in vitro antitumor effect of OBP-301 and ionizing radiation in monotherapy or combination therapy was assessed using highly radiosensitive (RD-ES and SK-ES-1) and moderately radiosensitive (HT1080 and NMS-2) STS cell lines. The expression of markers for apoptosis and DNA damage were evaluated in STS cells after treatment. The therapeutic potential of combination therapy was further analyzed using SK-ES-1 and HT1080 cells in subcutaneous xenograft tumor models. The combination of OBP-301 and ionizing radiation showed a synergistic antitumor effect in all human STS cell lines tested, including those that show different radiosensitivity. OBP-301 was found to enhance irradiation-induced apoptosis and DNA damage via suppression of anti-apoptotic myeloid cell leukemia 1 (MCL1), which was expressed at higher levels in moderately radiosensitive cell lines. The combination of OBP-301 and ionizing radiation showed a more profound antitumor effect compared to monotherapy in SK-ES-1 (highly radiosensitive) and HT1080 (moderately radiosensitive) subcutaneous xenograft tumors. OBP-301 is a promising antitumor reagent to improve the therapeutic potential of radiotherapy by increasing radiation-induced apoptosis in STS.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0250643

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Esophageal cancer is a disease showing poor prognosis. Although combination chemotherapy using cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil is standard for unresectable esophageal cancer, the response rate is 35%. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) and inflammation are reportedly responsible for the poor prognosis of esophageal cancer. However, comprehensive analyses have not been conducted and proposals for progress remain lacking. Iron is known to be a key factor in the stemness of CSCs. This study focused on the therapeutic potential of iron control using iron chelators for CSCs in esophageal cancer. Among 134 immunohistochemically analyzed cases, Nanog expression was high in 98 cases and low in 36 cases. High Nanog expression correlated with low overall and disease-free survivals. The iron chelators deferasirox (DFX) and SP10 suppressed the proliferation and expression of stemness markers in TE8 and OE33 cells. DFX and SP10 did not induce compensatory interleukin (IL)-6 secretion, although cisplatin did result in high induction. Moreover, BBI608 and SSZ, as other CSC-targeting drugs, could not suppress the expression of stemness markers. Together, Nanog expression appears related to poor prognosis in esophageal cancer patients, and inhibition of stemness and compensatory IL-6 secretion by iron chelators may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for esophageal cancer.

DOI： 10.1002/ijc.33544

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Sarcomas are complex tissues in which sarcoma cells maintain intricate interactions with their tumor microenvironment. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a major component of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in the tumor microenvironment and have a dominant role as orchestrators of tumor-related inflammation. TAMs promote tumor growth and metastasis, stimulate angiogenesis, mediate immune suppression, and limit the antitumor activity of conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Evidence suggests that the increased infiltration of TAMs and elevated expression of macrophage-related genes are associated with poor prognoses in most solid tumors, whereas evidence of this in sarcomas is limited. Based on these findings, TAM-targeted therapeutic strategies, such as inhibition of CSF-1/CSF-1R, CCL2/CCR2, and CD47/SIRPα, have been developed and are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. While most of the therapeutic challenges that target sarcoma cells have been unsuccessful and the prognosis of sarcomas has plateaued since the 1990s, several clinical trials of these strategies have yielded promising results and warrant further investigation to determine their translational benefit in sarcoma patients. This review summarizes the roles of TAMs in sarcomas and provides a rationale and update of TAM-targeted therapy as a novel treatment approach for sarcomas.

DOI： 10.3390/cancers13051086

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Surgery is the only curative treatment option for pancreatic cancer, but patients often develop postoperative recurrence. Surgical invasiveness might be involved in the mechanism of recurrence. The associations among inflammation caused by surgery, neutrophils, and cancer metastasis were investigated. At first, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) were examined in clinical specimens, and NETs were observed around metastatic tumors. To explore how NETs were induced, neutrophils were cultured with pancreatic cancer or in cancer-conditioned medium. Neutrophils formed NETs when they were cultured with pancreatic cancer or even its conditioned medium. The effects of NETs on cancer cells were further investigated in vitro and in vivo. NETs induced the epithelial to mesenchymal transition in cancer cells and thereby promoted their migration and invasion. HMGB1 derived from NETs appeared to potentiate the malignancy of cancer cells. In a mouse model of liver metastasis with inflammation, NETs participated in the metastatic process by enhancing extravasation. Interestingly, thrombomodulin degraded HMGB1 and consequently inhibited the induction of NETs, thereby preventing pancreatic cancer metastasis to the liver. In conclusion, NETs interact reciprocally with pancreatic cancer cells, which play a pivotal role in inflammation-associated metastasis. Targeting NETs with thrombomodulin can be a novel strategy to improve the surgical outcome of pancreatic cancer patients.

DOI： 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.10.015

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND: Peritoneal dissemination often develops in gastric cancer. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are present in the peritoneal cavity of gastric cancer patients with peritoneal dissemination, facilitating tumor progression. However, the mechanism by which macrophages differentiate into tumor-associated macrophages in the peritoneal cavity is not well understood. In this study, the interplay between gastric cancer-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) and macrophages was investigated. METHODS: The association between macrophages and EVs in peritoneal ascitic fluid of gastric cancer patients, or from gastric cancer cell lines was examined, and their roles in differentiation of macrophages and potentiation of the malignancy of gastric cancer were further explored. RESULTS: Immunofluorescent assays of the ascitic fluid showed that M2 macrophages were predominant along with the cancer cells in the peritoneal cavity. EVs purified from gastric cancer cells, as well as malignant ascitic fluid, differentiated peripheral blood mononuclear cell-derived macrophages into the M2-like phenotype, which was demonstrated by their morphology and expression of CD163/206. The macrophages differentiated by gastric cancer-derived EVs promoted the migration ability of gastric cancer cells, and the EVs carried STAT3 protein. CONCLUSION: EVs derived from gastric cancer play a role by affecting macrophage phenotypes, suggesting that this may be a part of the underlying mechanism that forms the intraperitoneal cancer microenvironment.

DOI： 10.1186/s12885-021-07816-6

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have an important role in the tumor microenvironment. CAFs have the multifunctionality which strongly support cancer progression and the acquisition of therapeutic resistance by cancer cells. Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) is a novel cancer treatment that uses a highly selective monoclonal antibody (mAb)-photosensitizer conjugate. We developed fibroblast activation protein (FAP)-targeted NIR-PIT, in which IR700 was conjugated to a FAP-specific antibody to target CAFs (CAFs-targeted NIR-PIT: CAFs-PIT). Thus, we hypothesized that the control of CAFs could overcome the resistance to conventional chemotherapy in esophageal cancer (EC). In this study, we evaluated whether EC cell acquisition of stronger malignant characteristics and refractoriness to chemoradiotherapy are mediated by CAFs. Next, we assessed whether the resistance could be rescued by eliminating CAF stimulation by CAFs-PIT in vitro and in vivo. Cancer cells acquired chemoradiotherapy resistance via CAF stimulation in vitro and 5-fluorouracil (FU) resistance in CAF-coinoculated tumor models in vivo. CAF stimulation promoted the migration/invasion of cancer cells and a stem-like phenotype in vitro, which were rescued by elimination of CAF stimulation. CAFs-PIT had a highly selective effect on CAFs in vitro. Finally, CAF elimination by CAFs-PIT in vivo demonstrated that the combination of 5-FU and NIR-PIT succeeded in producing 70.9% tumor reduction, while 5-FU alone achieved only 13.3% reduction, suggesting the recovery of 5-FU sensitivity in CAF-rich tumors. In conclusion, CAFs-PIT could overcome therapeutic resistance via CAF elimination. The combined use of novel targeted CAFs-PIT with conventional anticancer treatments can be expected to provide a more effective and sensible treatment strategy.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-021-81465-4

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Oncolytic virotherapy is one of the most promising, emerging cancer therapeutics. We generated three types of telomerase-specific replication-competent oncolytic adenovirus: OBP-301; a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing adenovirus, OBP-401; and Killer-Red-armed OBP-301. These oncolytic adenoviruses are driven by the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) promoter; therefore, they conditionally replicate preferentially in cancer cells. Fluorescence imaging enables visualization of invasion and metastasis in vivo at the subcellular level; including molecular dynamics of cancer cells, resulting in greater precision therapy. In the present review, we focused on fluorescence imaging applications to develop precision targeting for oncolytic virotherapy. Cell-cycle imaging with the fluorescence ubiquitination cell cycle indicator (FUCCI) demonstrated that combination therapy of an oncolytic adenovirus and a cytotoxic agent could precisely target quiescent, chemoresistant cancer stem cells (CSCs) based on decoying the cancer cells to cycle to S-phase by viral treatment, thereby rendering them chemosensitive. Non-invasive fluorescence imaging demonstrated that complete tumor resection with a precise margin, preservation of function, and prevention of distant metastasis, was achieved with fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) with a GFP-reporter adenovirus. A combination of fluorescence imaging and laser ablation using a KillerRed-protein reporter adenovirus resulted in effective photodynamic cancer therapy (PDT). Thus, imaging technology and the designer oncolytic adenoviruses may have clinical potential for precise cancer targeting by indicating the optimal time for administering therapeutic agents; accurate surgical guidance for complete resection of tumors; and precise targeted cancer-specific photosensitization.

DOI： 10.3390/ijms22020879

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担当区分：責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Immune checkpoint inhibitors including anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) antibody have recently improved clinical outcome in certain cancer patients; however, osteosarcoma (OS) patients are refractory to PD-1 blockade. Oncolytic virotherapy has emerged as novel immunogenic therapy to augment antitumor immune response. We developed a telomerase-specific replication-competent oncolytic adenovirus OBP-502 that induces lytic cell death via binding to integrins. In this study, we assessed the combined effect of PD-1 blockade and OBP-502 in OS cells. The expression of coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR), integrins αvβ3 and αvβ5, and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) was analyzed in two murine OS cells (K7M2, NHOS). The cytopathic activity of OBP-502 in both cells was analyzed using the XTT assay. OBP-502-induced immunogenic cell death was assessed by analyzing the level of extracellular ATP and high-mobility group box protein B1 (HMGB1). Subcutaneous tumor models for K7M2 and NHOS cells were used to evaluate the antitumor effect and number of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ cells in combination therapy. K7M2 and NHOS cells showed high expression of integrins αvβ3 and αvβ5, but not CAR. OBP-502 significantly suppressed the viability of both cells, in which PD-L1 expression and the release of ATP and HMGB1 were significantly increased. Intratumoral injection of OBP-502 significantly augmented the efficacy of PD-1 blockade on subcutaneous K2M2 and NHOS tumor models via enhancement of tumor-infiltrating CD8+  T cells. Our results suggest that telomerase-specific oncolytic virotherapy is a promising antitumor strategy to promote the efficacy of PD-1 blockade in OS.

DOI： 10.1007/s00262-020-02774-7

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Peritoneal metastasis is the most frequent form of distant metastasis and recurrence in gastric cancer, and the prognosis is extremely poor due to the resistance of systemic chemotherapy. Here, we demonstrate that intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of a green fluorescence protein (GFP)-expressing attenuated adenovirus with oncolytic potency (OBP-401) synergistically suppressed the peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer in combination with paclitaxel (PTX). OBP-401 synergistically suppressed the viability of human gastric cancer cells in combination with PTX. PTX enhanced the antitumor effect of OBP-401 due to enhanced viral replication in cancer cells. The combination therapy increased induction of mitotic catastrophe, resulting in accelerated autophagy and apoptosis. Peritoneally disseminated nodules were selectively visualized as GFP-positive spots by i.p. administration of OBP-401 in an orthotopic human gastric cancer peritoneal dissemination model. PTX enhanced the deep penetration of OBP-401 into the disseminated nodules. Moreover, a non-invasive in vivo imaging system demonstrated that the combination therapy of i.p. OBP-401 administration with PTX significantly inhibited growth of peritoneal metastatic tumors and the amount of malignant ascites. i.p. virotherapy with PTX may be a promising treatment strategy for the peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer.

DOI： 10.1016/j.omto.2020.06.021

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担当区分：責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Neuroblastoma (NB) is a primary malignant tumor of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system. High-risk NB is characterized by MYCN amplification and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) rearrangement, contributing to hTERT activation and a poor outcome. For targeting hTERT-activated tumors, we developed two oncolytic adenoviruses, OBP-301 and tumor suppressor p53-armed OBP-702, in which the hTERT promoter drives expression of the viral E1 gene for tumor-specific virus replication. In this study, we demonstrate the therapeutic potential of the hTERT-driven oncolytic adenoviruses OBP-301 and OBP-702 using four human MYCN-amplified NB cell lines (IMR-32, CHP-134, NB-1, LA-N-5) exhibiting high hTERT expression. OBP-301 and OBP-702 exhibited a strong antitumor effect in association with autophagy in NB cells. Virus-mediated activation of E2F1 protein suppressed MYCN expression. OBP-301 and OBP-702 significantly suppressed the growth of subcutaneous CHP-134 tumors. Thus, these hTERT-driven oncolytic adenoviruses are promising antitumor agents for eliminating MYCN-amplified NB cells via E2F1-mediated suppression of MYCN protein.

DOI： 10.1016/j.omto.2020.05.015

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Progress in chemotherapy of solid cancer has been tragically slow due, in large part, to the chemoresistance of quiescent cancer cells in tumors. The fluorescence ubiquitination cell-cycle indicator (FUCCI) was developed in 2008 by Miyawaki et al., which color-codes the phases of the cell cycle in real-time. FUCCI utilizes genes linked to different color fluorescent reporters that are only expressed in specific phases of the cell cycle and can, thereby, image the phases of the cell cycle in real-time. Intravital real-time FUCCI imaging within tumors has demonstrated that an established tumor comprises a majority of quiescent cancer cells and a minor population of cycling cancer cells located at the tumor surface or in proximity to tumor blood vessels. In contrast to most cycling cancer cells, quiescent cancer cells are resistant to cytotoxic chemotherapy, most of which target cells in S/G2/M phases. The quiescent cancer cells can re-enter the cell cycle after surviving treatment, which suggests the reason why most cytotoxic chemotherapy is often ineffective for solid cancers. Thus, quiescent cancer cells are a major impediment to effective cancer therapy. FUCCI imaging can be used to effectively target quiescent cancer cells within tumors. For example, we review how FUCCI imaging can help to identify cell-cycle-specific therapeutics that comprise decoy of quiescent cancer cells from G1 phase to cycling phases, trapping the cancer cells in S/G2 phase where cancer cells are mostly sensitive to cytotoxic chemotherapy and eradicating the cancer cells with cytotoxic chemotherapy most active against S/G2 phase cells. FUCCI can readily image cell-cycle dynamics at the single cell level in real-time in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, visualizing cell cycle dynamics within tumors with FUCCI can provide a guide for many strategies to improve cell-cycle targeting therapy for solid cancers.

DOI： 10.3390/cancers12092655

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells have an exceptional ability to invade nerves through pronounced crosstalk between nerves and cancer cells; however, the mechanism of PDAC cell invasion remains to be elucidated. Here, we demonstrate the therapeutic potential of telomerase-specific oncolytic adenoviruses, OBP-301 and tumor suppressor p53-armed OBP-702, against human PDAC cells. Highly invasive PDAC cells exhibited higher levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) expression independent of KRAS expression; ERK1/2 inhibitor or small interfering RNA (siRNA) treatment significantly reduced the migration and invasion of PDAC cells, suggesting that the ERK signaling pathway is associated with the invasiveness of PDAC cells. OBP-702 infection suppressed ERK signaling and inhibited PDAC cell migration and invasion more efficiently than OBP-301. OBP-702 also effectively inhibited PDAC cell invasion even when invasiveness was enhanced by administration of motility stimulators, such as nerve and neurosecretory factors. Moreover, noninvasive whole-body imaging analyses showed that OBP-702 significantly suppressed tumor growth in an orthotopic PDAC xenograft model, although both viruses were equally effective against subcutaneous tumors, suggesting that OBP-702 can influence the orthotopic tumor microenvironment. Our data suggest that oncolytic virus-mediated disruption of ERK signaling is a promising antitumor strategy for attenuating the invasiveness of PDAC cells.

DOI： 10.1016/j.omto.2020.03.016

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：(株)南江堂  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The clinical benefit of monotherapy involving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) such as anti-programmed death-1 antibody (PD-1 Ab) is limited to small populations. We previously developed a telomerase-specific oncolytic adenovirus, Telomelysin (OBP-301), the safety of which was confirmed in a phase I clinical study. Here, we examined the potential of OBP-502, an OBP-301 variant, as an agent for inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD) and synergistically enhancing the efficacy of OBP-502 with PD-1 Ab using CT26 murine colon cancer and PAN02 murine pancreatic cancer cell lines. OBP-502 induced the release of ICD molecules such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and high-mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) from CT26 and PAN02 cells, leading to recruitment of CD8-positive lymphocytes and inhibition of Foxp3-positive lymphocyte infiltration into tumors. Combination therapy involving OBP-502 intratumoral administration and PD-1 Ab systemic administration significantly suppressed the growth of not only OBP-502-treated tumors but also tumors not treated with OBP-502 (so-called abscopal effect) in CT26 and PAN02 bilateral subcutaneous tumor models, in which active recruitment of CD8-positve lymphocytes was observed even in tumors not treated with OBP-502. This combined efficacy was similar to that observed in a CT26 rectal orthotopic tumor model involving liver metastases. In conclusion, telomerase-specific oncolytic adenoviruses are promising candidates for combined therapies with ICIs.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.01.003

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担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) is widely and frequently used as a virus vector in cancer gene therapy and oncolytic virotherapy. Oncolytic virotherapy is a novel antitumor treatment for inducing lytic cell death in tumor cells without affecting normal cells. Based on the Ad5 genome, we have generated three types of telomerase-specific replication-competent oncolytic adenoviruses: OBP-301 (Telomelysin), green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing OBP-401 (TelomeScan), and tumor suppressor p53-armed OBP-702. These viruses drive the expression of the adenoviral E1A and E1B genes under the control of the hTERT (human telomerase reverse transcriptase-encoding gene) promoter, providing tumor-specific virus replication. This review focuses on the therapeutic potential of three hTERT promoter-driven oncolytic adenoviruses against bone and soft-tissue sarcoma cells with telomerase activity. OBP-301 induces the antitumor effect in monotherapy or combination therapy with chemotherapeutic drugs via induction of autophagy and apoptosis. OBP-401 enables visualization of sarcoma cells within normal tissues by serving as a tumor-specific labeling reagent for fluorescence-guided surgery via induction of GFP expression. OBP-702 exhibits a profound antitumor effect in OBP-301-resistant sarcoma cells via activation of the p53 signaling pathway. Taken together, telomerase-specific oncolytic adenoviruses are promising antitumor reagents that are expected to provide novel therapeutic options for the treatment of bone and soft-tissue sarcomas.

DOI： 10.3390/cancers12020478

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担当区分：責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a biological process by which epithelial cells acquire mesenchymal characteristics. In malignant tumors, EMT is crucial for acquisition of a mesenchymal phenotype with invasive and metastatic properties, leading to tumor progression. An inflammatory microenvironment is thought to be responsible for the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC); however, the precise role of inflammatory microenvironments in EMT-related CRC progression remains unclear. Here, we show the spatiotemporal visualization of CRC cells undergoing EMT using a fluorescence-guided EMT imaging system in which the mesenchymal vimentin promoter drives red fluorescent protein (RFP) expression. An inflammatory microenvironment including TNF-α, IL-1β, and cytokine-secreting inflammatory macrophages induced RFP expression in association with the EMT phenotype in CRC cells. In vivo experiments further demonstrated the distribution of RFP-positive CRC cells in rectal and metastatic tumors. Our data suggest that the EMT imaging system described here is a powerful tool for monitoring EMT in inflammatory microenvironment-CRC networks.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-019-52816-z

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担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者   記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（研究会，シンポジウム資料等）   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本外科学会  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1080/2162402X.2019.1671760

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-019-41177-2

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing is a recently described epigenetic modification, which is believed to constitute a key oncogenic mechanism in human cancers. However, its functional role in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) within the tumor microenvironment (TME) and its clinical significance remains unclear. Herein, we systematically analyzed a large cohort of 627 colorectal cancer (CRC) specimens, and investigated the expression pattern of ADAR1 and its biological significance on the antizyme inhibitor 1 (AZIN1) RNA editing levels. Both ADAR1 expression and AZIN1 RNA editing levels were significantly elevated in CRC tissues vs. normal mucosa, and these findings correlated with the increased expression of mesenchymal markers, Vimentin (ρ = 0.44) and Fibroblast activation protein (ρ = 0.38). Intriguingly, ADAR1 expression was specifically upregulated in both cancer cells and fibroblasts from cancerous lesions. Conditioned medium from cancer cells led to induction of ADAR1 expression and activation of AZIN1 RNA editing in fibroblasts (p < 0.05). Additionally, edited AZIN1 enhanced the invasive potential of fibroblasts. In conclusion, we provide novel evidence that hyper-editing of AZIN1 enhances the invasive potential of CAFs within the TME in colon and is an important predictor of tumor invasiveness in CRC.

DOI： 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.12.009

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Lymph node metastasis is a pathognomonic feature of spreading tumors, and overcoming metastasis is a challenge in attaining more favorable clinical outcomes. Esophageal cancer is an aggressive tumor for which lymph node metastasis is a strong poor prognostic factor, and the tumor microenvironment (TME), and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in particular, has been implicated in esophageal cancer progression. CAFs play a central role in the TME and have been reported to provide suitable conditions for the progression of esophageal cancer, similar to their role in other malignancies. However, little is known concerning the relevance of CAFs to the lymph node metastasis of esophageal cancer. Here, we used clinical samples of esophageal cancer to reveal that CAFs promote lymph node metastasis and subsequently verified the intercellular relationships in vitro and in vivo using an orthotopic metastatic mouse model. In the analysis of clinical samples, FAP+ CAFs were strongly associated with lymph node metastasis rather than with other prognostic factors. Furthermore, CAFs affected the ability of esophageal cancer cells to acquire metastatic phenotypes in vitro; this finding was confirmed by data from an in vivo orthotopic metastatic mouse model showing that the number of lymph node metastases increased upon injection of cocultured cancer cells and CAFs. In summary, we verified in vitro and in vivo that the accumulation of CAFs enhances the lymph node metastasis of ESCC. Our data suggest that CAF targeted therapy can reduce lymph node metastasis and improve the prognosis of patients with esophageal cancer in the future.

DOI： 10.1002/ijc.31953

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Excess iron causes cancer and is thought to be related to carcinogenesis and cancer progression including stemness, but the details remain unclear. Here, we hypothesized that stemness in cancer is related to iron metabolism and that regulating iron metabolism in cancer stem cells (CSCs) may be a novel therapy. In this study, we used murine induced pluripotent stem cells that expressed specific stem cell genes such as Nanog, Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc, and two human cancer cell lines with similar stem cell gene expression. Deferasirox, an orally available iron chelator, suppressed expression of stemness markers and spherogenesis of cells with high stemness status in vitro. Combination therapy had a marked antitumor effect compared with deferasirox or cisplatin alone. Iron metabolism appears important for maintenance of stemness in CSCs. An iron chelator combined with chemotherapy may be a novel approach via suppressing stemness for CSC targeted therapy.

DOI： 10.3390/cancers11020177

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are strongly implicated in tumor progression, including in the processes of tumorigenesis, invasion, and metastasis. The targeting of CAFs using various therapeutic approaches is a novel treatment strategy; however, the efficacy of such therapies remains limited. Recently, near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT), which is a novel targeted therapy employing a cell-specific mAb conjugated to a photosensitizer, has been introduced as a new type of phototherapy. In this study, we have developed a novel NIR-PIT technique to target CAFs, by focusing on fibroblast activation protein (FAP), and we evaluate the treatment efficacy in vitro and in vivo. Esophageal carcinoma cells exhibited enhanced activation of fibroblasts, with FAP over-expressed in the cytoplasm and on the cell surface. FAP-IR700-mediated PIT showed induced rapid cell death specifically for those cells in vitro and in vivo, without adverse effects. This novel therapy for CAFs, designed as local control phototherapy, was safe and showed a promising inhibitory effect on FAP+ CAFs. PIT targeting CAFs via the specific marker FAP may be a therapeutic option for CAFs in the tumor microenvironment in the future.

DOI： 10.1080/15384047.2019.1617566

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Background: The peritoneum is one of the most frequent metastatic sites in pancreatic cancer patients, and peritoneal dissemination makes this disease refractory due to aggressive progression and chemoresistance. Although the role of the tumor microenvironment in cancer development is recognized, the correlation between the peritoneal environment and refractoriness of peritoneal dissemination remains unclear. The intraperitoneal tumor-microenvironment and its potential role in the progression of peritoneal dissemination and chemo-refractoriness, focusing especially on macrophages, were investigated.
Materials and methods: Peritoneal washes were obtained from pancreatic cancer patients, and cellular components were subjected to immunofluorescence assays. The effects of macrophages induced from monocytic THP-1 cells on pancreatic cancer cells were examined in co-culture conditions. The in vivo effects of macrophages on tumor growth and chemo-sensitivity were investigated by subcutaneously or intraperitoneally co-injecting cancer cells with macrophages into mice.
Results: CD204-positive macrophages were present along with cancer cells in the peritoneal washes. In in vitro co-culture, tumor-associated macrophages affected pancreatic cancer cells, induced the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and made them more resistant to chemotherapeutic agents. M2 macrophages promoted growth of both subcutaneous tumors and peritoneal dissemination in mice. Furthermore, co-inoculation of M2 macrophages conferred chemoresistance in the peritoneal dissemination mouse model, which significantly shortened their survival.
Conclusion: Intraperitoneal tumor-associated macrophages potentially play an important role in promotion of peritoneal dissemination and chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer via EMT induction.

DOI： 10.1186/s13046-018-0981-2

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-18-0205

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd  

DOI： 10.1111/cas.13760

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：(株)癌と化学療法社  

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その他リンク： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2018&ichushi_jid=J00296&link_issn=&doc_id=20180920320008&doc_link_id=%2Fab8gtkrc%2F2018%2F004509%2F010%2F1279-1281%26dl%3D0&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fab8gtkrc%2F2018%2F004509%2F010%2F1279-1281%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

An issue of concern is that no current HER2-targeted therapeutic agent is effective against Trastuzumab (Tmab)-resistant gastric cancer. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are promising drug carriers with unique characteristics of a large surface area available for attachment of materials such as antibodies. Here, we created HER2-targeted AuNPs (T-AuNPs) and examined their therapeutic efficacy and cytotoxic mechanisms using HER2-postive Tmab-resistant (MKN7) or Tmab-sensitive (NCI-N87) gastric cancer cell lines. In vitro, T-AuNPs showed stronger cytotoxic effects than controls against MKN7 and NCI-N87 cells although Tmab had no effect on MKN7 cells. Autophagy played an important role in T-AuNP cytotoxic mechanisms, which was considered to be driven by internalization of T-AuNPs. Finally, T-AuNPs displayed potent antitumor effects against NCI-N87 and MKN7 subcutaneous tumors in in vivo mouse models. In conclusion, HER2-targeted AuNPs with conjugated Tmab is a promising strategy for the development of novel therapeutic agents to overcome Tmab resistance in gastric cancer.

DOI： 10.1016/j.nano.2018.05.019

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：(株)へるす出版  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.18632/oncotarget.21846

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1002/jcb.25593

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-017-14717-x

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1111/cas.13316

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1080/15384101.2016.1249548

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.3390/ijms18071479

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1007/s11626-017-0133-6

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1007/s11626-016-0117-y

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1080/15384101.2016.1220461

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：技術情報協会  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1002/jcb.25735

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Nature Publishing Group  

DOI： 10.1038/cgt.2016.67

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1007/s11626-016-0092-3

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.21873/anticanres.11288

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：(株)癌と化学療法社  

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その他リンク： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2017&ichushi_jid=J00296&link_issn=&doc_id=20171030440014&doc_link_id=%2Fab8gtkrc%2F2017%2F004410%2F015%2F0883-0885%26dl%3D0&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fab8gtkrc%2F2017%2F004410%2F015%2F0883-0885%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.18632/oncotarget.13296

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.21873/anticanres.11222

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1038/srep38060

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.18632/oncotarget.12314

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.3892/ijo.2016.3640

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(株)癌と化学療法社  

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その他リンク： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2016&ichushi_jid=J00296&link_issn=&doc_id=20161104480020&doc_link_id=%2Fab8gtkrc%2F2016%2F004310%2F021%2F1237-1239%26dl%3D0&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fab8gtkrc%2F2016%2F004310%2F021%2F1237-1239%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0162991

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：論文集(書籍)内論文   出版者・発行元：Springer New York LLC  

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-319-42934-2_1

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1038/srep28953

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1080/15384047.2016.1177677

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1002/jor.23073

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1038/srep23372

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-15-0644

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-15-0344

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2015.06.025

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：(株)癌と化学療法社  

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その他リンク： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2015&ichushi_jid=J00296&link_issn=&doc_id=20151027380020&doc_link_id=%2Fab8gtkrc%2F2015%2F004210%2F021%2F1228-1230%26dl%3D0&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fab8gtkrc%2F2015%2F004210%2F021%2F1228-1230%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1186/s13148-015-0096-y

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1038/mt.2015.63

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.18632/oncotarget.3811

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.3978/j.issn.2224-4778.2015.04.01

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-306957

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1080/15384101.2014.1000685

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1038/mt.2014.244

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.3109/10715762.2014.997230

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1007/s10549-015-3265-y

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Bentham Science Publishers B.V.  

DOI： 10.2174/1573394712666160128201822

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.3748/wjg.v20.i47.17796

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0114562

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.4161/15384101.2014.964115

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.4161/cc.29156

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：科学評論社  

CiNii Article

CiNii Books

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その他リンク： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2014277101

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1186/1475-925X-13-64

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1002/pmic.201300414

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.4161/cc.27818

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-13-0742

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.18926/AMO/52006

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.08.006

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1517/14712598.2013.845662

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-12-0869

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1038/gt.2011.213

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1002/ijc.27589

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1007/s00262-012-1249-x

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.ejca.2011.12.020

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.2174/138920112800958887

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.02.049

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0039292

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-10-2066

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1517/14712598.2011.542749

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-2333

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1097/SLA.0b013e3181deb69d

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1172/JCI38609

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1073/pnas.0707351104

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2007.00528.x

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担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1093/carcin/bgl128

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.2353/ajpath.2006.060073

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603016

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.niox.2005.06.009

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記述言語：英語  

DOI： 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2005.03.030

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.canlet.2004.09.002

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1002/ijc.20350

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)63580-8

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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その他リンク： http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4733-1037

担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：秋田大学  

CiNii Article

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総ページ数：12, ii, 10, 347, 10p   記述言語：日本語

CiNii Books

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総ページ数：300p   記述言語：日本語

CiNii Books

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総ページ数：236   記述言語：日本語

CiNii Books

ASIN

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本癌治療学会  

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本癌治療学会  

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本癌治療学会  

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本癌学会  

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本癌学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本がん免疫学会・日本バイオセラピィ学会  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）  

DOI： 10.1158/1538-7445.AM2024-LB360

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）  

DOI： 10.1158/1538-7445.AM2024-2897

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）  

DOI： 10.1158/1538-7445.AM2024-5271

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J-GLOBAL

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J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（全国大会，その他学術会議）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（全国大会，その他学術会議）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（全国大会，その他学術会議）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（全国大会，その他学術会議）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（全国大会，その他学術会議）  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（全国大会，その他学術会議）   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本整形外科学会  

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J-GLOBAL

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J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本癌治療学会  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（全国大会，その他学術会議）  

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本癌治療学会  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（全国大会，その他学術会議）  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(NPO)日本食道学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(NPO)日本食道学会  

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本癌学会  

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本癌学会  

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本癌学会  

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本癌学会  

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本癌学会  

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本癌学会  

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本癌学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(NPO)日本食道学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(NPO)日本食道学会  

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本癌学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本整形外科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本整形外科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本外科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本分子腫瘍マーカー研究会  

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記述言語：英語  

J-GLOBAL

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J-GLOBAL

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J-GLOBAL

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J-GLOBAL

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担当区分：筆頭著者  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本癌治療学会  

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本癌治療学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本癌治療学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本ハイパーサーミア学会  

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本癌学会  

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本癌学会  

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本癌学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本分子腫瘍マーカー研究会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本ハイパーサーミア学会  

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本癌学会  

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本癌学会  

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本癌学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本整形外科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本DDS学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本消化器内視鏡学会-中国支部  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本外科学会  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）  

Web of Science

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）  

Web of Science

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）  

Web of Science

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（全国大会，その他学術会議）   出版者・発行元：日本分子腫瘍マーカー研究会  

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J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：英語  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（全国大会，その他学術会議）   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本消化器外科学会  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（全国大会，その他学術会議）   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本癌学会  

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本癌学会  

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本癌学会  

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本癌学会  

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本癌学会  

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本癌学会  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（全国大会，その他学術会議）   出版者・発行元：日本分子腫瘍マーカー研究会  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（全国大会，その他学術会議）   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本整形外科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（全国大会，その他学術会議）   出版者・発行元：日本分子腫瘍マーカー研究会  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（全国大会，その他学術会議）   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本外科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本外科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本外科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本消化器内視鏡技師会  

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J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（全国大会，その他学術会議）  

J-GLOBAL

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J-GLOBAL

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J-GLOBAL

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J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本整形外科学会  

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本癌学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本整形外科学会  

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：日本癌学会  

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：日本癌学会  

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：日本癌学会  

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：日本癌学会  

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：日本癌学会  

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本癌学会  

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本癌学会  

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本癌学会  

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本癌学会  

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本癌学会  

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本癌学会  

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本癌学会  

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本癌学会  

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本癌学会  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）  

DOI： 10.1158/1538-7445.SABCS18-4330

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）  

DOI： 10.1158/1538-7445.SABCS18-2979

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）  

DOI： 10.1158/1538-7445.AM2019-LB-310

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）  

DOI： 10.1158/1538-7445.AM2019-1155

Web of Science

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本消化器外科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本DDS学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本DDS学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本外科学会  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）  

DOI： 10.1200/JCO.2019.37.4_suppl.130

Web of Science

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J-GLOBAL

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担当区分：筆頭著者  

J-GLOBAL

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）  

Web of Science

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）  

Web of Science

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）  

Web of Science

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）  

Web of Science

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）  

Web of Science

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）  

Web of Science

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）  

Web of Science

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：日本癌学会  

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本癌学会  

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本癌学会  

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：日本癌学会  

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：日本癌学会  

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