Faculty Profiles - HYODO Fujio

Papers - HYODO Fujio

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Protection of understory vegetation by deer exclosure fences prevent the reduction of beech growth due to soil erosion

Hayato Abe, Dongchuan Fu, Tadamichi Sato, Yuji Tokumoto, Fujio Hyodo, Ayumi Katayama

Journal of Environmental Management 371 2024.12

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Overbrowsing by ungulates has degraded understory vegetation in worldwide forests. Understory degradation causes soil erosion and environmental degradation, causing mature tree decline. Although ungulate exclosure fences are installed to protect vegetation, their effectiveness in preventing tree decline associated with soil degradation remains unclear. We aimed to fill this gap on slopes of Mt. Shiraga, Japan, where sika deer have overbrowsed for >20 years. Tree-ring records in 1960–2022 for eight beeches per each of inside and outside fences were analyzed to compare stem basal area increment (BAI, cm−2 yr−1) and trend change timings for BAI (i.e., break-point). Soil properties, exposed root height (ERH) as cumulative soil erosion index, and intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) as water limitation proxy were also compared. Compared with areas inside fences, areas outside fences had no understory vegetation, higher ERH, and higher soil hardness and moisture. BAI outside fences turned their growth trend from positive to negative since 2004, but not inside fences. Break-point of BAI outside fences matched the understory degradation period in the field. The long-term BAI trend (i.e., regression slope of BAI) after the break-point was negatively related to ERH but not to soil properties (e.g., soil hardness and moisture). Furthermore, BAI outside fences was negatively related to iWUE after the break-point, whereas BAI inside fences was not. These results indicate that the maintenance of understory by fencing prevents overbrowsing-associated mature tree decline through mitigating root exposure and related water limitation, despite the potential of water competition with understory.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123146

A pilot study on the isotopic characterization of feeding habits of Diptera in a tropical rain forest

Fujio Hyodo, Takao Itioka, Yoshiaki Hashimoto, Paulus Meleng, Makoto Tokuda, Hiroto Nakayama, Melvin Terry Gumal, Takuji Tachi

Food Webs 40 e00360 - e00360 2024.9

Environmental DNA Reveals the Impact of Submarine Groundwater Discharge on the Spatial Variability of Coastal Fish Diversity

Nguyen Hong Nhat, Mitsuyo Saito, Shin-ichi Onodera, Mayuko Hamada, Fujio Hyodo, Hideaki Nagare

Biology 13 ( 8 ) 609 - 609 2024.8

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：MDPI AG

Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) has recently been recognized as an influential factor in coastal ecosystems; however, little research has been conducted on its effects on coastal fish diversity. To investigate the relationship between SGD and fish diversity, we conducted a survey at the coastal island scale using the environmental DNA (eDNA) method. Our findings indicate that fish species richness and functional richness peak at stations with high SGD. Environmental variables, such as salinity, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentration, and SGD, significantly influence fish diversity. Carnivore fish richness was negatively correlated with salinity, while planktivore fish richness was positively correlated. Additionally, SGD and DIN concentrations were found to be crucial in shaping omnivorous and pelagic communities, respectively. This study highlights the role of SGD in enhancing nutrient conditions favorable for diverse fish communities and demonstrates the effectiveness of eDNA metabarcoding for rapid marine biodiversity assessment. These findings provide valuable insights for coastal ecosystem monitoring and management.

DOI： 10.3390/biology13080609

No evidence of carbon storage usage for seed production in 18 dipterocarp masting species in a tropical rain forest

Shuichi Igarashi, Shohei Yoshida, Tanaka Kenzo, Shoko Sakai, Hidetoshi Nagamasu, Fujio Hyodo, Ichiro Tayasu, Mohizah Mohamad, Tomoaki Ichie

Oecologia 2024.3

Soil erosion under forest hampers beech growth: Impacts of understory vegetation degradation by sika deer

Hayato Abe, Tomonori Kume, Fujio Hyodo, Mimori Oyamada, Ayumi Katayama

Catena 234 2024.1

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

The overpopulation of large herbivorous mammals degrades understory vegetation and hence promotes soil erosion in some northern hemisphere forests. Topsoil removal via erosion reduces soil water and nitrogen (N) content as well as exposes tree roots. However, whether topsoil removal inhibits tree growth through water and N uptake limitations has not been examined. This study aimed to measure the vertical length from exposed roots surface to the soil surface (exposed root height; ERH) under degraded forest understory vegetation and to evaluate its influence on tree growth. Specifically, we examined the relationships between ERH and beech growth and identified the timing of growth reduction based on annual tree-ring analysis at the individual scale. Furthermore, we discussed the effects of water and N limitations on beech growth reduction. We studied 12 Japanese beech trees on Mt. Sanpo, southern Kyushu Island, Japan, where understory vegetation was degraded and lost due to herbivory by Japanese sika deer from 1980 to 2003. Lower amounts of leaf production and relative growth rates of stem basal area increment (BAI) were observed in beech trees with higher ERH. Segmented regression analysis, which detects the changing time of a temporal trend (i.e., break-point), revealed that the BAI has resulted in a decreasing trend after 1997.6 ± 9.0 (yr), which coincided with the field observations on understory degradation in the study site. After the break-point of the BAI, the BAI of each study tree was negatively related to intrinsic water use efficiency, an integrated index of water limitation. These results suggest that soil erosion after the degradation of understory vegetation reduced beech growth, possibly because of the water limitations associated with root exposure. Reduced beech growth will reduce the supply of the litter layer that prevents topsoil erosion, which may enhance further soil erosion and tree growth reduction.

DOI： 10.1016/j.catena.2023.107559

Taxonomic study of Bornean species of Utivarachna Kishida, 1940 (Araneae: Trachelidae), with the description of a new species Reviewed

TAKESHI YAMASAKI, YOSHIAKI HASHIMOTO, TOMOJI ENDO, FUJIO HYODO, TAKAO ITIOKA, MARYATI MOHAMED, PAULUS MELENG

Zootaxa 5343 ( 1 ) 55 - 73 2023.9

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Magnolia Press

The genus Utivarachna Kishida, 1940 currently comprises 23 species, with eight described from Borneo. We examined the type materials of the Bornean species, except for U. fukasawana Kishida, 1940, as well as newly collected specimens. As a result, we describe a new species, Utivarachna itiokai sp. nov., which belongs to the dusun-group. We also provide the first description of the female of Utivarachna ichneumon and redescribe the known Utivarachna species of Borneo.

DOI： 10.11646/zootaxa.5343.1.3

Food habits of 3 myrmecophilous bug species on myrmecophytic Macaranga (Malpighiales: Euphorbiaceae) vary from herbivory to predation. International journal

Usun Shimizu-Kaya, Fujio Hyodo, Shouhei Ueda, Takashi Komatsu, Paulus Meleng, Takao Itioka

Journal of insect science (Online) 23 ( 5 ) 2023.9

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Myrmecophytes have mutualistic relationships with symbiotic ants. Although myrmecophytic Macaranga (Malpighiales: Euphorbiaceae) species are well protected by aggressive Crematogaster (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) ants, some bug species occur on the myrmecophytes. To clarify the associations of these bugs with the plants and the ants, we studied the food habits of 3 bug species, Pilophorus lambirensis Nakatani et Komatsu, 2013 (Hemiptera: Miridae: Phylinae), Phylinae sp. 1, and Arbela sp. 1 (Hemiptera: Nabidae). We conducted field observations in a Bornean rainforest. First, we located these bugs and studied their behavioral responses to the ants on Macaranga species; we then conducted stable isotope analyses. All bugs avoided direct contact with ants, but they occurred only on trees with active ants. Pilophorus lambirensis and Phylinae sp. 1 were most commonly observed on the apical parts of host trees, whereas Arbela sp. 1 was mainly in areas distant from the apical parts where ants were sparse. The stable isotope ratios indicated that Phylinae sp. 1 fed on food bodies, which are nutrient-rich spherical bodies produced by Macaranga trees on the apical parts for ants. Although the main diet of the other 2 species remains unclear, nitrogen isotopic signatures demonstrated that P. lambirensis is herbivorous, whereas Arbela sp. 1 is carnivorous. However, the distant location from ants and its isotopic signatures indicated that Arbela sp. 1 rarely fed on the ants. At least 2 mirid bug species might obtain enemy-free space in addition to the food provided by the myrmecophytes.

DOI： 10.1093/jisesa/iead078

Mycorrhizal type affects forest nitrogen availability, independent of organic matter quality

Chikae Tatsumi, Takeshi Taniguchi, Fujio Hyodo, Sheng Du, Norikazu Yamanaka, Ryunosuke Tateno

Biogeochemistry 165 ( 3 ) 327 - 340 2023.9

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Forest mycorrhizal type is getting more attention as a potentially significant factor controlling carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling. Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) forests are frequently reported to have lower N availability and higher soil C storage than arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) forests. However, it is still unclear whether such characteristics stem from the low organic matter quality inherent in the ECM forest or other biotic and abiotic factors, such as competition for N between ECM fungi and free-living microbes. We conducted soil and litter reciprocal transplant experiments between AM-symbiotic black locust and ECM-symbiotic oak forests to separate the effects of organic matter quality and forest type (i.e., factors including ECM fungal presence and soil physicochemical properties) on decomposition rates and N availability. We hypothesized that the forest type, rather than organic matter quality, is a more determinant factor for available N content but not organic matter decomposition rate. Forest type had a more substantial effect not only on nitrate content but also on decomposition rate than organic matter quality. Since the litter decomposition rate was higher when placed in the oak forest, the higher soil C accumulation in the oak than in the black locust forests may be caused by greater C input rather than the slower decomposition in the oak than black locust forest. In addition, nitrate content was determined by forest type, suggesting the suppression of nitrate content by ECM fungal presence. This study suggests that the forest type with different mycorrhizal associations can affect biogeochemical cycling independent of organic matter quality.

DOI： 10.1007/s10533-023-01087-y

Accurate dating of tropical secondary forests using wood core Δ14C in Malaysia Reviewed

Ichie, T, Igarashi, S, Tamura, S, Takahashi, A, Kenzo, T, Hyodo, F, Tayasu, I, Meleng, P, Azani, M.A, Wasli, M.E.b, Matsuoka, M

Forest Ecology and Management 546 121346 - 121346 2023.8

Vertical, spatial, size, and taxonomic variations in stable isotopes (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) of zooplankton and other pelagic organisms in the western North Pacific

Dongwoo Kim, Kanako Amei, Sota Komeda, Koki Tokuhiro, Maki Noguchi Aita, Fujio Hyodo, Atsushi Yamaguchi

Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 197 2023.7

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) of zooplankton and other marine organisms are useful for evaluating trophic levels and the food web structure of marine ecosystems. Further, taxonomic variations and regressions between δ15N and δ13C can provide details of regional differences in the food web structure. Despite their ecological importance, information on the taxonomic differences in the stable isotopes of various pelagic biota and vertical, latitudinal, and size variations in the stable isotopes of the mesozooplankton are scarce in the western North Pacific. In this study, we compared regional differences in the taxonomic variations of the stable isotopes of the all pelagic organisms collected by gillnets and various plankton nets in the subarctic and transitional domains (37–44°N) of the western North Pacific during spring. Additionally, we evaluated the vertical, size, and latitudinal variations in the stable isotopes of mesozooplankton in the western North Pacific. Regressions between δ15N and δ13C were highly significant for the subarctic and transitional domains, while they varied significantly between the two regions (P < 0.0001, ANCOVA). These regional differences in the stable isotopes were characterised by the high δ15N and low δ13C values in the subarctic region, whereas the opposites trend was observed in the transitional domains. Vertical observations from the sea surface to a depth of 3000 m at five stations (29°, 31°, 33°, 37°, and 41°N) showed that there were no significant changes in the δ13C stable isotope of mesozooplankton with depth across the stations. However, for δ15N, the significance of regressions increased with increasing depths at the subtropical stations (29°, 31°, and 33°N), while no significant trends with depth were observed for the subarctic and transitional domain stations (37°, 41°N). The dominance of interzonal copepods (e.g., Neocalanus spp.) in the mesozooplankton biomass in the subarctic and transitional region may mask the vertical changes in δ15N values in that region. Further, δ13C varied neither with size nor latitude. In contrast, δ15N showed clear size and latitudinal patterns. Thus, δ15N values increased with increasing zooplankton size (112 μm < 407 μm < 925 μm), and significant regressions increased with increasing latitude for all three size classes (P < 0.001). Subsequent ANCOVA revealed that the regression did not vary with organism size. Thus, the changing latitudinal patterns in δ15N values (higher for high latitude) had much greater effects than the size differences for mesozooplankton.

DOI： 10.1016/j.dsr.2023.104045

Trophic sources and pathways of mesozooplankton and fish larvae in the Kuroshio and its neighboring waters based on stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen

Toru Kobari, Maharu Shinyashiki, Kanako Saito, Gen Kume, Mutsuo Ichinomiya, Tomohiro Komorita, Hiroomi Miyamoto, Yuji Okazaki, Fumihiro Makino, Ryuji Fukuda, Fujio Hyodo, Maki Noguchi-Aita

Progress in Oceanography 210 102952 - 102952 2022.12

Soil mineral fraction influences the bacterial abundance: evidence from a mineral and plant materials incubation study

Tomohiro Yokobe, Fujio Hyodo, Ryunosuke Tateno, Naoko Tokuchi

Biogeochemistry 2022.9

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Microbial products, largely the necromass, are key contributors to stable soil organic matter (SOM) in terrestrial systems, and microbial communities may differ in the stabilization. Plants can control microbial communities through litter quality and entry sites of plant inputs (above- or below-ground). However, whether soil mineral fractions (due to the characteristics such as soil texture) can also control the microbial communities, remains unclear. We conducted two model soil incubation experiments (E1 and E2) in order to simulate the four field soils. Materials included were plant materials, such as general plant inputs in soil systems, and four mineral materials derived from different field soils (i.e., “the four original field soils”), with their SOM removed by combustion. E1 was undertaken to simulate root exudate using oxalate and glucose, and E2 was undertaken to simulate plant litter using broad leaves, coniferous leaves, branches, and fine roots. The microbial (mainly bacterial) community structure from phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) across E1 and E2 showed differences due to the mineral materials, and the differences after accounting for plant materials are similar to the difference in the four original field soils. Additionally, the abundance of bacterial PLFAs in E2 increased with silt and clay content and was correlated with the abundance of the bacterial PLFAs in the four original field soil. This study implies that even in the case of this experiment under such conditions as a broad variety of plant inputs, mineral fractions strongly influence bacterial communities, in a manner consistent with field soil systems.

DOI： 10.1007/s10533-022-00978-w

Other Link： https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10533-022-00978-w/fulltext.html

Evidence in stable isotope ratios for lichen‐feeding by Lithosiini moths from a tropical rainforest but not from a temperate forest

Hasumi Kawagoe, Takao Itioka, Fujio Hyodo, Asano Iku, Usun Shimizu‐kaya, Paulus Meleng

Entomological Science 25 ( 3 ) 2022.9

Response of microorganisms to a 5-year large-scale nitrogen loading in immature volcanic ash soil in an oak-dominated forest

Tomohiro Yokobe, Naoko Tokuchi, Fujio Hyodo, Ryunosuke Tateno, Tsutom Hiura

Applied Soil Ecology 177 2022.9

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Increasing atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition in terrestrial ecosystems influences aboveground and belowground carbon (C) storage. In belowground systems, N fertilization in field experiments has often been reported to suppress soil microbial biomass and mineralization; however, the effects on soil microorganisms are not always consistent. Here, we investigated N load response of microorganisms after 2 and 5 years in organic layers and mineral soils in a temperate forest dominated by Quercus crispula using large-scale field N fertilization (9 ha, 100 kg N ha−1 year−1 for 5 years, urea) on immature volcanic ash soil (with a high buffering capacity). In the organic layers, N loading increased the total C concentration and KCl-extractable organic C content. Additionally, the amount of extractable organic C in the soil did not change after one month of laboratory incubation, possibly due to the low microbial use. These results likely indicate the accumulation of recalcitrant C (possibly due to decreased oxidase activity). Although the fungal-to-bacterial composition ratio did not change, the bacterial biomass increased by 18% and 26% in the second and fifth years, respectively, in the N-fertilized plots. Furthermore, the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacterial AmoA increased, which was correlated with potential nitrification. These changes may result from plant litter N content and litter quantity and subsequently change in soil environments, especially with increased soil N availability. In the mineral soils, N loading changed soil environments to a lesser extent than the organic layers; however, the fungal biomass decreased by 42% and 44% in the second and fifth years, respectively. This could be linked to a decrease in resource investment into symbionts (ectomycorrhizal fungi derived from oak roots) by underground plants. These findings suggest that in an oak-dominated forest, the influence of N loading between the organic layers and mineral soils on microorganisms varies, enhancing our understanding of belowground C dynamics.

DOI： 10.1016/j.apsoil.2022.104537

Topography is more important than forest type as a determinant for functional trait composition of Collembola community

Takuo Hishi, Rieko Urakawa, Seikoh Saitoh, Yuka Maeda, Fujio Hyodo

Pedobiologia 90 150776 - 150776 2022.3

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Elsevier BV

The relative importance of topography and vegetation in shaping local soil invertebrate communities is poorly understood. We investigated changes in the species and trait compositions of Collembola communities associated with different topography and forest types. Our study sites encompassed various topographies with different slope aspects and forest types; specifically, natural deciduous broad-leaved forests and deciduous coniferous plantations in Japan. The body length and edaphic adaptation score, which are representative of a certain life-form, were used as Collembola traits. Across a topographic gradient from south to north-facing slopes, the total biomass of Collembola was higher in dry plots than in humid plots, and the forest types did not affect either abundance, biomass, or species diversity. Variation partitioning analysis revealed that topography played an important role in determining species composition and functional traits, whereas forest types and spatial distance had minor roles. The responses of community weighted mean traits (CWMs) to environmental change were more pronounced than those of species composition. The CWM and functional diversity of body length were higher in the dry plots than in the humid plots. These changes in traits might be explained by food supply or habitat structure increasing large individuals via topography, rather than by physical stress filtering out intolerant small individuals. These results suggest that slope topography is an important determinant of the Collembola community structure in cool-temperate forest ecosystems.

DOI： 10.1016/j.pedobi.2021.150776

Stable- and radio-isotopes and a bait-choice experiment reveal changes in feeding habits of the ant community during primary succession

Fujio Hyodo, Hiroshi O. Tanaka

Ecological Entomology 2022

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Ants play important roles in trophic dynamics through their functions, ranging from herbivores to predators. However, little is known about whether the ant community modifies diet preferences and feeding habits during primary succession. We performed a bait-choice experiment and analyses of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) and radiocarbon (Δ14C) of ants at four study sites that underwent primary succession on lava flows created by four volcanic eruptions approximately 70, 100, 230, and 540 years ago in Sakurajima, Japan. The ant community increasingly preferred plant-based diets over animal-based diets as the primary succession proceeded, likely because the ants attempted to balance nutrition through compensatory feeding according to diet availability. The δ13C values showed that the ants depended largely on carbon from C4 plants at the young sites with no canopy trees. The δ15N values of ants consistently differed among the species, suggesting that each species maintained the proportion of plant- and animal-based diets during succession. The baseline-corrected δ15N values of the ants were significantly higher at the youngest site than at the older sites; this probably reflects intraguild predation or reliance on aerial prey from surrounding older sites, which exhibited a higher δ15N-baseline partly due to the colonisation of nitrogen-fixing plants. The Δ14C values show that the two ant species examined had older diet ages, by approximately 2 years, at the old sites than those at the young sites, indicating their greater dependence on the detritus food web.

DOI： 10.1111/een.13129

Verification of the accuracy of the recent 50 years of tree growth and long-term change in intrinsic water-use efficiency using xylem Δ¹⁴C and δ¹³C in trees in an aseasonal tropical rainforest

Tomoaki Ichie, Shuichi Igarashi, Ryo Yoshihara, Kanae Takayama, Tanaka Kenzo, Kaoru Niiyama, Nur Hajar Zamah Shari, Fujio Hyodo, Ichiro Tayasu

Methods in Ecology and Evolution 13 ( 5 ) 1135 - 1147 2022

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Growth analysis based on tree-ring chronology is difficult in trees in aseasonal tropical rain forests, because annual growth rings may be unclear or completely absent. Fortunately, tree growth history recorded in xylem tissue is capable of providing valuable information on the responses of trees and forests to past and present environmental changes, including global warming. We have developed a new technique for aseasonal tropical forest trees which derives their growth rates from xylem Δ14C, and verified its accuracy. We also determined, from xylem δ13C, the intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) in the past 50 years. We analysed changes in xylem Δ14C and δ13C in 23 canopy trees of 12 species in 6 families growing in Pasoh Forest Reserve, Malaysia; each stem diameter at breast height (DBH) was recorded 14 times from 1969 to 2011. We found a significant positive relationship between the growth rates determined by 14C dating and the past DBH data. On the other hand, leaf-internal CO2 (Ci) content did not change with increasing atmospheric CO2 (Ca). Thus, the iWUE increased significantly over the last 50 years in all the families and species tested. This study showed that the simultaneous measurements of xylem Δ14C and δ13C could reveal a long-term change in tree growth and iWUE during the past 50 years with high accuracy in various species and/or individuals in aseasonal tropical rainforests exhibiting high species diversity.

DOI： 10.1111/2041-210X.13823

Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Analysis on Small Samples Using a Near-conventional EA-IRMS System Reviewed

Keisuke Koba, Kei Kinoshita, Yuji Onishi, Keitaro Fukushima, Ken’ichi Osaka, Naoko Matsuo, Kazuho Funakawa, Yugo Seko, Ayano Medo, Riyo Hirasawa, Nanako O Ogawa, Fujio Hyodo, Chikage Yoshimizu

RADIOISOTOPES 70 ( 4 ) 291 - 299 2021.7

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japan Radioisotope Association

Analysis of carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios are now popular among many study fields mainly due to the development of EA-IRMS. It is difficult to run the tiny samples or the samples with low carbon or nitrogen concentrations with the normal EA-IRMS setting. Here we introduce the modification of EA-IRMS for the tiny samples. The analytical system with the narrow oxidation and reduction tubes allows better peak shapes for carbon and nitrogen, which increases the sensitivity of EA-IRMS. This system is now available for the users in Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University without any big troubles in the analysis. Because the modification introduced here is not so complicated and the users can also use the normal settings whenever required, many EA-IRMS users can apply this system relatively easily.

DOI： 10.3769/radioisotopes.70.291

Survival rate, chemical and microbial properties of oak seedlings planted with or without oak forest soils in a black locust forest of a dryland

Chikae Tatsumi, Takeshi Taniguchi, Fujio Hyodo, Sheng Du, Ryunosuke Tateno, Norikazu Yamanaka

Forests 12 ( 6 ) 2021.6

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Native tree species are frequently unable to effectively grow in non-native tree cultivation scenarios. In the Loess Plateau, China, it is difficult to find native oak (Quercus liaotungensis) seedlings in non-native black locust forests. Black locust is an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) tree, but oak is an ectomycorrhizal (ECM) tree. Plants highly depend on their symbiotic mycorrhizal fungi to take up water, nitrogen (N) and other nutrients. We hypothesized that black locust forests would not provide ECM inoculum to oak seedlings, limiting their water and nutrient uptake, which would be improved by ECM inoculum. Here, we (1) sowed seeds, with or without oak forest soils, (2) transplanted seedlings collected in oak forests, with or without oak forest soils, and (3) planted seedlings germinated in autoclaved or unautoclaved oak forest soils. We measured the survival and growth rate for all three experiments, along with chemical properties, and root ECM colonization. Oak seeds sowed with oak forest soils had higher mycorrhizal colonization, leaf N concentrations and survival rate, and lower root δ13C than the seeds sowed without oak forest soils. Planting with oak forest soils also increased the survival rate of the germinated seedlings, but not the transplanted seedlings. Overall, our study suggested that the use of oak forest soils in the black locust forest to improve the water and N uptake of oak seedlings by providing the ECM inoculum, resulting in a high survival rate. Our study also implies that the method of sowing seeds was effortless and effectively compared to transplanting wild/nursery seedlings.

DOI： 10.3390/f12060669

Linkage of fine and coarse litter traits to soil microbial characteristics and nitrogen mineralization across topographic positions in a temperate natural forest

Tomohiro Yokobe, Fujio Hyodo, Ryunosuke Tateno, Naoko Tokuchi

Plant and Soil 459 ( 1-2 ) 261 - 276 2021.2

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：SPRINGER

Aims: Topographic positions within a natural forest can considerably influence litter traits, soil microbial characteristics, and nitrogen (N) mineralization, causing plant–soil feedbacks. Despite the high abundance of coarse litter (woody debris and coarse roots) in forest ecosystems, most studies have focused on linkages between fine litter (leaves and fine roots) and N dynamics and/or the soil microbial community. Methods: We investigated the association of fine and coarse litter with soil microbial biomass, community structure, and N mineralization at upper and lower slope positions on sedimentary rocks in a temperate forest dominated by Fagus crenata. Results: Greater coarse litter abundance and litter C-to-N ratio, and lower soil microbial biomass, bacterial abundance, and N mineralization potential were found in upper positions than in lower positions. Among litter traits, coarse litter abundance and litter C-to-N ratio were the best predictors of the microbial biomass and fungal-to-bacterial dominance, possibly due to differences in climatic stress among plant communities. Microbial traits were the best predictors of N mineralization potential. Conclusions: Fine litter traits and coarse litter abundance are likely linked to soil microbial characteristics and N mineralization in natural forests with variable topography.

DOI： 10.1007/s11104-020-04759-y

Other Link： http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11104-020-04759-y/fulltext.html

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